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Cao L, Ma J, Lu Y, Chen P, Hou X, Yang N, Huang H. Combining full-length transcriptome sequencing and next generation sequencing to provide insight into the growth superiority of the hybrid grouper (Cromileptes altivelas (♀) × Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂)). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308802. [PMID: 39383135 PMCID: PMC11463768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The hybrid grouper (Cromileptes altivelas, ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus, ♂) is an economically important aquaculture species that exhibits certain growth advantages compared to its female parent, Cromileptes altivelas. However, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of hybrid groupers is lacking. Herein, we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing and next-generation sequencing on the hybrid grouper and its parents to identify growth-related genes and comprehensively analyze the regulatory mechanism of growth heterosis in the hybrid grouper. Approximately 44.70, 40.44, and 45.32 Gb of single-molecule real-time sequencing data were generated in C. altivelas (Cal), E. lanceolatus (Ela), and the hybrid (Hyb), which were combined into 204,322 non-redundant isoforms using the PacBio sequencing platform. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between Hyb and Cal (3,494, 2,125, and 1,487 in brain, liver, and muscle tissues, respectively) and Hyb and Ela (3,415, 2,351, and 1,675 in brain, liver, and muscle tissues, respectively). Then, 27 DEGs (13 in the brain and 14 in the muscle) related to growth traits were identified using cluster and correlation network analysis. Quantitative RT-PCR validated 15 DEGs consistent with transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) trends. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that these 15 genes were mainly involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that this pathway plays an essential role in fish growth. In addition, we found that the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a key regulator of growth heterosis in Hyb. These results shed light on the regulatory mechanism of growth in the Hyb, which is important for marker-assisted selection programs to improve the growth quality of groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cao
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Xingrong Hou
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources of Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
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Qu HQ, Hakonarson H. Navigating Complexity in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1911. [PMID: 39200375 PMCID: PMC11352109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) affects up to 1% of the US population, predominantly women, and is characterized by a complex, elusive etiology and heterogeneous phenotypes. This review delves into the intricate physiology and etiology of POTS, decoding the roles of the sinoatrial node, the autonomic nervous system, fluid dynamics, and the interplay between the immune and endocrine systems. It further examines key contributing factors such as dysautonomia, thoracic hypovolemia, autonomic neuropathies, sympathetic denervation, autoimmune responses, and associations with conditions such as small-fiber neuropathy and mast cell activation syndrome. Given the numerous mysteries surrounding POTS, we also cautiously bring attention to sinoatrial node and myocardial function, particularly in how the heart responds to stress despite exhibiting a normal cardiac phenotype at rest. The potential of genomic research in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of POTS is emphasized, suggesting this as a valuable approach that is likely to improve our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of POTS. The review introduces a tentative classification system for the etiological factors in POTS, which seeks to capture the condition's diverse aspects by categorizing various etiological factors and acknowledging co-occurring conditions. This classification, while aiming to enhance understanding and optimize treatment targets, is presented as a preliminary model needing further study and refinement. This review underscores the ongoing need for research to unravel the complexities of POTS and to develop targeted therapies that can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Division of Human Genetics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wu X, Liang J, Liu J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Guo J, Zhang M, Chen Y, Wang J. Silibinin attenuates TGF-β2-induced fibrogenic changes in human trabecular meshwork cells by targeting JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109939. [PMID: 38789021 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) induced fibrogenic changes in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells have been implicated in trabecular meshwork (TM) damage and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Silibinin (SIL) exhibited anti-fibrotic properties in various organs and tissues. This study aimed to assess the effects of SIL on the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our study found that SIL effectively inhibited HTM cell proliferation, attenuated TGF-β2-induced cell migration, and mitigated TGF-β2-induced reorganization of both actin and vimentin filaments. Moreover, SIL suppressed the expressions of fibronectin (FN), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. RNA sequencing indicated that SIL interfered with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. Western blotting demonstrated SIL inhibited the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathways induced by TGF-β2, potentially contributing to its inhibitory effects on ECM protein production in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. Our study demonstrated the ability of SIL to inhibit TGF-β2-induced fibrogenic changes in HTM cells. SIL could be a potential IOP-lowering agent by reducing the fibrotic changes in the TM tissue of POAG patients, which warrants further investigation through additional animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China; Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523700, China.
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China.
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Tan YH, Wang KCW, Chin IL, Sanderson RW, Li J, Kennedy BF, Noble PB, Choi YS. Stiffness Mediated-Mechanosensation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells on Linear Stiffness Gradient Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304254. [PMID: 38593989 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In obstructive airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein amount and composition of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) is often remodelled, likely altering tissue stiffness. The underlying mechanism of how human ASM cell (hASMC) mechanosenses the aberrant microenvironment is not well understood. Physiological stiffnesses of the ASM were measured by uniaxial compression tester using porcine ASM layers under 0, 5 and 10% longitudinal stretch above in situ length. Linear stiffness gradient hydrogels (230 kPa range) were fabricated and functionalized with ECM proteins, collagen I (ColI), fibronectin (Fn) and laminin (Ln), to recapitulate the above-measured range of stiffnesses. Overall, hASMC mechanosensation exhibited a clear correlation with the underlying hydrogel stiffness. Cell size, nuclear size and contractile marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression showed a strong correlation to substrate stiffness. Mechanosensation, assessed by Lamin-A intensity and nuc/cyto YAP, exhibited stiffness-mediated behaviour only on ColI and Fn-coated hydrogels. Inhibition studies using blebbistatin or Y27632 attenuated most mechanotransduction-derived cell morphological responses, αSMA and Lamin-A expression and nuc/cyto YAP (blebbistatin only). This study highlights the interplay and complexities between stiffness and ECM protein type on hASMC mechanosensation, relevant to airway remodelling in obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwee Tan
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian L Chin
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rowan W Sanderson
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiayue Li
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Hu S, Wang L, Zheng M, Wang M, Chen B, Lin L. LY333531 attenuates contraction of tumor necrosis factor-α-sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells. J Asthma 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38833524 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2364810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the increased contraction of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in asthma. Using the three-dimensional collagen gel contraction system, the study aimed to determine the effects of LY333531, a specific inhibitor of the PKC-β isoform, on the contraction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-sensitized HASMCs. METHODS Cultured HASMCs were divided into five groups: the control group received no treatment, and the cells in the TNF-α group were sensitized with 10 ng/mL TNF-α for 48 h, while TNF-α was administered to sensitize HASMCs in the presence of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 μM LY333531 for 48 h in the 0.1LY, 0.2LY, and 0.5LY groups, respectively. Following this, HASMCs contraction was stimulated with 1 mM acetylcholine (ACh) for up to 24 h in each group and assessed using a three-dimensional collagen gel contraction assay. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were performed. RESULTS The collagen gel contraction assay revealed that TNF-α increased the protein expression of phosphorylated PKC-β2, CPI-17, and MLC while exacerbating ACh-induced HASMCs contraction. LY333531 significantly attenuated HASMCs contraction and downregulated the protein expression of both p-CPI-17 and p-MLC. CONCLUSIONS At least in part by regulating CPI-17 and MLC phosphorylation, LY333531 attenuates augmented contraction of TNF-α-sensitized HASMCs in a collagen gel contraction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangrong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baihui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yu W, Zhao Y, Ilyas I, Wang L, Little PJ, Xu S. The natural polyphenol fisetin in atherosclerosis prevention: a mechanistic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae053. [PMID: 38733634 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing yearly worldwide. Recently, a growing body of evidence has unveiled the anti-atherosclerotic properties of fisetin, a natural polyphenol compound. In this article, we reviewed the pharmacologic actions of fisetin on experimental atherosclerosis and its protective effects on disease-relevant cell types such as endothelial cells, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Based on its profound cardiovascular actions, fisetin holds potential for clinical translation and could be developed as a potential therapeutic option for atherosclerosis and its related complications. Large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to ascertain the safety and efficacy of fisetin in patients with or high risk for ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
- Anhui Renovo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Guozheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, No. 721, Guangshan Road 1, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
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McGowan SE, Gilfanov N, Chandurkar MK, Stiber JA, Han SJ. Drebrin is Required for Myosin-facilitated Actin Cytoskeletal Remodeling during Pulmonary Alveolar Development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:308-321. [PMID: 38271699 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0229oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar septation increases gas-exchange surface area and requires coordinated cytoskeletal rearrangement in lung fibroblasts (LFs) to balance the demands of contraction and cell migration. We hypothesized that DBN (drebrin), a modulator of the actin cytoskeleton in neuronal dendrites, regulates the remodeling of the LF cytoskeleton. Using mice bearing a transgelin-Cre-targeted deletion of Dbn in pulmonary fibroblasts and pericytes, we examined alterations in alveolar septal outgrowth, LF spreading and migration, and actomyosin function. The alveolar surface area and number of alveoli were reduced, whereas alveolar ducts were enlarged, in mice bearing the dbn deletion (DBNΔ) compared with their littermates bearing only one dbn-Flox allele (control). Cultured DBNΔ LFs were deficient in their responses to substrate rigidity and migrated more slowly. Drebrin was abundant in the actin cortex and lamella, and the actin fiber orientation was less uniform in lamella of DBNΔ LFs, which limited the development of traction forces and altered focal adhesion dynamics. Actin fiber orientation is regulated by contractile NM2 (nonmuscle myosin-2) motors, which help arrange actin stress fibers into thick ventral actin stress fibers. Using fluorescence anisotropy, we observed regional intracellular differences in myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation in control LFs that were altered by dbn deletion. Using perturbations to induce and then release stalling of NM2 on actin in LFs from both genotypes, we made predictions explaining how DBN interacts with actin and NM2. These studies provide new insight for diseases such as emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, in which fibroblasts inappropriately respond to mechanical cues in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Mohanish K Chandurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Sangyoon J Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
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Lamb FS, Choi H, Miller MR, Stark RJ. Vascular Inflammation and Smooth Muscle Contractility: The Role of Nox1-Derived Superoxide and LRRC8 Anion Channels. Hypertension 2024; 81:752-763. [PMID: 38174563 PMCID: PMC10954410 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation underlies the development of hypertension, and the mechanisms by which it increases blood pressure remain the topic of intense investigation. Proinflammatory factors including glucose, salt, vasoconstrictors, cytokines, wall stress, and growth factors enhance contractility and impair relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These pathways share a dependence upon redox signaling, and excessive activation promotes oxidative stress that promotes vascular aging. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and migration into the intima contribute to atherosclerosis, while hypercontractility increases systemic vascular resistance and vasospasm that can trigger ischemia. Here, we review factors that drive the initiation and progression of this vasculopathy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of reactive oxygen species generated by the Nox1 NADPH oxidase which produces extracellular superoxide (O2•-). The mechanisms of O2•- signaling remain poorly defined, but recent evidence demonstrates physical association of Nox1 with leucine-rich repeat containing 8 family volume-sensitive anion channels. These may provide a pathway for influx of O2•- to the cytoplasm, creating an oxidized cytoplasmic nanodomain where redox-based signals can affect both cytoskeletal structure and vasomotor function. Understanding the mechanistic links between inflammation, O2•- and vascular smooth muscle cell contractility may facilitate targeting of anti-inflammatory therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Bigger-Allen A, Gheinani AH, Adam RM. Investigation of the impact of bromodomain inhibition on cytoskeleton stability and contraction. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:184. [PMID: 38493137 PMCID: PMC10944605 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to contractile organs such as the heart, vasculature, urinary bladder and gut can stimulate a pathological response that results in loss of normal contractility. PDGF and TGFβ are among the most well studied initiators of the injury response and have been shown to induce aberrant contraction in mechanically active cells of hollow organs including smooth muscle cells (SMC) and fibroblasts. However, the mechanisms driving contractile alterations downstream of PDGF and TGFβ in SMC and fibroblasts are incompletely understood, limiting therapeutic interventions. METHODS To identify potential molecular targets, we have leveraged the analysis of publicly available data, comparing transcriptomic changes in mechanically active cells stimulated with PDGF and TGFβ. Additional Analysis of publicly available data sets were performed on SMC and fibroblasts treated in the presence or absence of the MYC inhibitor JQ1. Validation of in silico findings were performed with qPCR, immunoblots, and collagen gel contraction assays measure the effect of JQ1 on cytoskeleton associated genes, proteins and contractility in mechanically active cells. Likelihood ratio test and FDR adjusted p-values were used to determine significant differentially expressed genes. Student ttest were used to calculate statistical significance of qPCR and contractility analyses. RESULTS Comparing PDGF and TGFβ stimulated SMC and fibroblasts identified a shared molecular profile regulated by MYC and members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Additional in silico analysis revealed a unique set of cytoskeleton-associated genes that were sensitive to MYC inhibition with JQ1. In vitro validation demonstrated JQ1 was also able to attenuate TGFβ and PDGF induced changes to the cytoskeleton and contraction of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify MYC as a key driver of aberrant cytoskeletal and contractile changes in fibroblasts and SMC, and suggest that JQ1 could be used to restore normal contractile function in hollow organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bigger-Allen
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Bldg 1061.4, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Bldg 1061.4, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Bldg 1061.4, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Qiao Y, Ji X, Guo H, Zheng W, Yao W. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses elucidate the toxicological molecular mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced contractile dysfunction in enteric smooth muscle cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114545. [PMID: 38403181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the frequent Fusarium mycotoxins and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. DON-induced weight loss is tightly connected with its ability to decrease feed intake by influencing gastrointestinal tract (GIT) motility. Our previous reports indicated that DON interfered with intestinal motility by injuring the contractility of enteric smooth muscle cells (SMC). Here, we further explored the potential mechanisms by employing a complementary method of transcriptomics and proteomics using the porcine enteric smooth muscle cell line (PISMC) as an experimental model. The transcriptomic and proteomic data uncover that the expression of numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and multiple integrin subunits were downregulated in PISMC under DON exposure, suppressing the ECM-integrin receptor interaction and its mediated signaling. Furthermore, DON treatment could depress actin polymerization, as reflected by the upregulated expression of Rho GTPase-activating proteins and cofilin in PISMC. Meanwhile, the expression levels of downstream contractile apparatus genes were significantly inhibited after challenge with DON. Taken together, the current results suggest that DON inhibits enteric SMC contractility by regulating the ECM-integrin-actin polymerization signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms behind the DON toxicological effects in the GIT of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Huiduo Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Coccarelli A, Pant S, Polydoros I, Harraz OF. A new model for evaluating pressure-induced vascular tone in small cerebral arteries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:271-286. [PMID: 37925376 PMCID: PMC10901969 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of small cerebral arteries (SCAs) to adapt to pressure fluctuations has a fundamental physiological role and appears to be relevant in different pathological conditions. Here, we present a new computational model for quantifying the link, and its contributors, between luminal pressure and vascular tone generation in SCAs. This is assembled by combining a chemical sub-model, representing pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) signalling, with a mechanical sub-model for the tone generation and its transduction at tissue level. The devised model can accurately reproduce the impact of luminal pressure on different cytoplasmic components involved in myogenic signalling, both in the control case and when combined with some specific pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the model is also able to capture and predict experimentally recorded pressure-outer diameter relationships obtained for vessels under control conditions, both in a Ca2 + -free bath and under drug inhibition. The modularity of the proposed framework allows the integration of new components for the study of a broad range of processes involved in the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coccarelli
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ioannis Polydoros
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Li N, Kobayashi S. Paxillin participates in the sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle by regulating Rho-kinase activation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:58. [PMID: 38254202 PMCID: PMC10801962 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+-independent contraction of vascular smooth muscle is a leading cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular spasms. In the previous study, we demonstrated the involvement of Src family protein tyrosine kinase Fyn and Rho-kinase in the sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC)-induced abnormal and Ca2+-independent contraction of vascular smooth muscle, but the specific mechanism has not been completely clarified. METHODS Paxillin knockdown human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) and smooth muscle-specific paxillin knockout mice were generated by using paxillin shRNA and the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-LoxP system, respectively. CASMCs contraction was observed by time-lapse recording. The vessel contractility was measured by using a myography assay. Fyn, Rho-kinase, and myosin light chain activation were assessed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The paxillin expression and actin stress fibers were visualized by histological analysis and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The SPC-induced abnormal contraction was inhibited in paxillin knockdown CASMCs and arteries of paxillin knockout mice, indicating that paxillin is involved in this abnormal contraction. Further study showed that paxillin knockdown inhibited the SPC-induced Rho-kinase activation without affecting Fyn activation. In addition, paxillin knockdown significantly inhibited the SPC-induced actin stress fiber formation and myosin light chain phosphorylation. These results suggest that paxillin, as an upstream molecule of Rho-kinase, is involved in the SPC-induced abnormal contraction of vascular smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that paxillin participates in the SPC-induced abnormal vascular smooth muscle contraction by regulating Rho-kinase activation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sei Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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13
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Wang L, Dong S, Chitano P, Seow CY. Potentiation of active force by cyclic strain in sheep carotid arterial smooth muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1243-1254. [PMID: 37823206 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate force in large arteries is known to be augmented by cyclic strain that mimics the mechanically dynamic in vivo environment associated with blood pressure fluctuation experienced by these arteries. Cyclic strain does not induce a contractile response, like that observed in the myogenic response seen in small arteries, but prompts a substantial increase in the response to electrical stimulation. We coined this phenomenon "force potentiation." Because protein kinase C (PKC) and rho-kinase (ROCK) are known to play a role in increasing contractility of arterial smooth muscle by inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase, and integrin-link kinase (ILK) is crucial in mechanotransduction, we examined how inhibition of these kinases affected force potentiation in sheep carotid artery. We found that phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain was enhanced by cyclic strain, but the enhancement was observed only in activated, not in relaxed muscle. Inhibition of ROCK diminished force potentiation and active isometric force, likely due to the disinhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase. Inhibition of PKC abolished force potentiation without an effect on active force, suggesting a more exclusive role of PKC (compared with ROCK) in mediating force potentiation. Inhibition of ILK had a similar effect as PKC inhibition, suggesting that ILK may be an upstream kinase for PKC activation by mechanical stimuli. Taken together, the findings suggest that ILK, PKC, and ROCK are important kinases in the signal transduction pathway that mediate the effect of mechanical strain on force potentiation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When subjected to mechanical strain, smooth muscle from large arteries has the ability to increase its force generation (force potentiation), which could be important in autoregulation of blood pressure. This phenomenon, however, does not involve a myogenic response, such as the one seen in small arteries and arterioles. Our work shows the involvement of ILK, PKC, and ROCK in the signal transduction pathway that mediates the force-potentiating effect of mechanical strain in large arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shoujin Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pasquale Chitano
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Goncalves BG, Heise RM, Banerjee IA. Development of Self-Assembled Biomimetic Nanoscale Collagen-like Peptide-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: An In Silico and Laboratory Study. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:548. [PMID: 37999189 PMCID: PMC10669358 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of biocomposite scaffolds has gained tremendous attention due to their potential for tissue regeneration. However, most scaffolds often contain animal-derived collagen that may elicit an immunological response, necessitating the development of new biomaterials. Herein, we developed a new collagen-like peptide,(Pro-Ala-His)10 (PAH)10, and explored its ability to be utilized as a functional biomaterial by incorporating it with a newly synthesized peptide-based self-assembled gel. The gel was prepared by conjugating a pectin derivative, galataric acid, with a pro-angiogenic peptide (LHYQDLLQLQY) and further functionalized with a cortistatin-derived peptide, (Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr)4 (FWKT)4, and the bio-ionic liquid choline acetate. The self-assembly of (PAH)10 and its interactions with the galactarate-peptide conjugates were examined using replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations. Results revealed the formation of a multi-layered scaffold, with enhanced stability at higher temperatures. We then synthesized the scaffold and examined its physicochemical properties and its ability to integrate with aortic smooth muscle cells. The scaffold was further utilized as a bioink for bioprinting to form three-dimensional cell-scaffold matrices. Furthermore, the formation of actin filaments and elongated cell morphology was observed. These results indicate that the (PAH)10 hybrid scaffold provides a suitable environment for cell adhesion, proliferation and growth, making it a potentially valuable biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ipsita A. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York, NY 10458, USA; (B.G.G.); (R.M.H.)
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Bigger-Allen A, Gheinani AH, Adam RM. Investigation of the impact of bromodomain inhibition on cytoskeleton stability and contraction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567076. [PMID: 38014184 PMCID: PMC10680757 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Injury to contractile organs such as the heart, vasculature, urinary bladder and gut can stimulate a pathological response that results in loss of normal contractility. PDGF and TGFβ are among the most well studied initiators of the injury response and have been shown to induce aberrant contraction in mechanically active cells of hollow organs including smooth muscle cells (SMC) and fibroblasts. However the mechanisms driving contractile alterations downstream of PDGF and TGFβ in SMC and fibroblasts are incompletely understood, limiting therapeutic interventions. To identify potential molecular targets, we have leveraged the analysis of publicly available data, comparing transcriptomic changes in mechanically active cells stimulated with PDGF and TGFβ and identified a shared molecular profile regulated by MYC and members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. We also analyzed data sets from SMC and fibroblasts treated in the presence or absence of the MYC inhibitor JQ1. This analysis revealed a unique set of cytoskeleton-associated genes that were sensitive to MYC inhibition. JQ1 was also able to attenuate TGFβ and PDGF induced changes to the cytoskeleton and contraction of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. These findings identify MYC as a key driver of aberrant cytoskeletal and contractile changes in fibroblasts and SMC, and suggest that JQ1 could be used to restore normal contractile function in hollow organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bigger-Allen
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalyn M. Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Sultana S, Banerjee P, Ganai I, Laha A, Sultana N, Biswas H, Saha NC, Moitra S, Podder S. Polymorphism in ADAM33 gene associated with asthmatics in West Bengal, India - An investigation by in-silico analysis. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100834. [PMID: 38020285 PMCID: PMC10663682 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asthma is one of the common chronic polygenic inflammatory diseases. Genome wide association studies have identified ADAM33 as an asthma candidate gene. The present study investigated possible association of rs2280090 (T1), rs2280091 (T2) and rs3918396 (S1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAM33 with aeroallergen induced asthma in West Bengal population, India. In addition, in-silico analysis was performed to find out changes in protein function. Methods Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were assessed using spirometry in 1039 participants. Allergic sensitivity of 619 spirometry positive asthma patients was assessed by skin prick test (SPT) against 22 aeroallergens. For genotyping of T1, T2, and S1 SNPs in 540 allergic asthma patient and 420 control subjects, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed. Total Immunoglobulin-E (IgE) level was measured in both patients and controls. ADAM333 haplotype blocks were constructed using Haploview software v.4.2. Structural model of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of ADAM33 was generated using RaptorX. Protein-protein interaction was analysed using the STRING server. Results Highest number of patient sensitivity was observed towards Cocos nusifera (n = 215) and Dermatophagoides farinae (n = 229). Significant difference in sensitivity was observed between child and late adult (P = 0.03), child and early adult (P = 0.02), adolescent and late adult (P = 0.02) and adolescent and early adult (P = 0.01). Genotypic frequencies differed significantly between patients and controls (P < 0.05). rs2280090 GG, rs2280091GG and AG genotype, and rs3918396 AA carried significant risk for asthma (P = 0.02, P = 0.008, P = 0.04, P = 0.01 respectively). ADAM33 T1, T2, and S1 polymorphisms were in high Linkage Disequilibrium (D = 0.98). Haplotype consisting of rs2280090G, rs2280091G and rs3918396A alleles were found significantly higher in patient population in comparison with controls (OR = 2.03). IgE level differed significantly among different genotypes for T1, T2, and S1 SNPs analysed in pair (P < 0.0001). FEV1/FVC ratio differed significantly among different genotypes for T1, T2 and S1 SNPs analysed in pair (P < 0.0001). Significant difference of FEV1/FVC was also found between GGA and AAG haplotype (P < 0.0001). In-silico analysis revealed T1 and T2 polymorphisms are located in cytoplasmic domain of ADAM33 may cause bronchial smooth muscle cell mobility and cellular hyperplasia as well as cytoskeletal remodelling by altered interaction with different cytoplasmic proteins found by string analysis. Conclusion Present study showed significant association of T1, T2, and S1 polymorphisms of ADAM33 with aeroallergen-induced asthma in West Bengal, India. These polymorphisms may be used as prognostic markers and possible targets for therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheen Sultana
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Priyajit Banerjee
- Fishery and Eco-toxicology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Indranil Ganai
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Arghya Laha
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Nasima Sultana
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Himani Biswas
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, West Bengal, 741101, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal-700064, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Sanjoy Podder
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
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Li N, Cheng Y, Wang S, Liao H, Liu S. Inhibition of airway smooth muscle contraction and proliferation by LIM kinase inhibitor, LIMKi3. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:186-194. [PMID: 37148787 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current medical treatment for asthma aims to inhibit airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction and proliferation, however, the efficacy of available treatment options is unsatisfactory. Therefore, we explored the effect of LIM domain kinase (LIMK) inhibitor - LIMKi3, on ASM to improve the understanding of ASM contraction and proliferation mechanisms, and to investigate new therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Asthma model was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we examined LIMK, phosphorylated LIMK, cofilin and phosphorylated cofilin. ASM contraction was studied in organ bath experiments. ASM cells proliferation was studied with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. RESULTS Immunofluorescence indicated that LIMKs are expressed in ASM tissues. Western blot revealed that LIMK1 and phospho-cofilin were significantly elevated in asthma ASM tissues. The LIMK inhibitor, LIMKi3 (1 μM) could reduce cofilin phosphorylation and therefore inhibit contraction of ASM tissues, and induce actin filament breakdown as well as cell proliferation reduction in cultured human ASM cells. CONCLUSIONS ASM contraction and proliferation in asthma may underlie the effects of LIMKs. Small molecule LIMK inhibitor, LIMKi3, might be a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanxiong Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Maher S, Bayachou M, Fu P, Hijaz A, Liu G. Focal adhesion kinase activation is involved in contractile stimulation-induced detrusor muscle contraction in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 952:175807. [PMID: 37236435 PMCID: PMC10330804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested smooth muscle contraction may involve mechanisms besides the myosin regulatory light chain (MLC) phosphorylation-induced actomyosin crossbridge cycling. This study aims to determine if focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation is involved in mouse detrusor muscle contraction. The mouse detrusor muscle strips were preincubated with PF-573228 (2 μM), latrunculin B (1 μM), or the same volume of vehicle (DMSO) for 30 min. The contractile responses to KCl (90 mM), electrical field stimulation (EFS, 2-32 Hz), or carbachol (CCh, 10-7.5-10-4.5 M) were measured. In a separate experiment, the phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK) and MLC (p-MLC) levels were measured in the detrusor strips stimulated with CCh (10 μM) after incubation with PF-573228 or vehicle (DMSO) compared to those with vehicle incubation but without CCh stimulation. KCl-induced contractile responses decreased significantly after incubation with PF-573228 or latrunculin B compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated strips (p < 0.0001). The contractile responses induced by EFS were markedly inhibited by preincubation with PF-573228 at 8, 16, and 32 Hz (p < 0.05) or latrunculin B at 16 and 32 Hz (p < 0.01). Following the application of PF-573228 or Latrunculin B, CCh-induced dose-response contractions were lower than the corresponding vehicle group (p = 0.0021 and 0.0003, respectively). Western blot examination showed that CCh stimulation enhanced the expression of p-FAK and p-MLC, while preincubation with PF-573228 prevented the increase of p-FAK but not p-MLC. In conclusion, FAK activation involves tension development induced by contractile stimulation in the mouse detrusor muscle. This effect is likely caused by promoting actin polymerization rather than elevating MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Maher
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Zhang W, Wu Y, J Gunst S. Membrane adhesion junctions regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2321-2347. [PMID: 36796098 PMCID: PMC10243546 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The local environment surrounding airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells has profound effects on the physiological and phenotypic properties of ASM tissues. ASM is continually subjected to the mechanical forces generated during breathing and to the constituents of its surrounding extracellular milieu. The smooth muscle cells within the airways continually modulate their properties to adapt to these changing environmental influences. Smooth muscle cells connect to the extracellular cell matrix (ECM) at membrane adhesion junctions that provide mechanical coupling between smooth muscle cells within the tissue. Membrane adhesion junctions also sense local environmental signals and transduce them to cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling pathways in the ASM cell. Adhesion junctions are composed of clusters of transmembrane integrin proteins that bind to ECM proteins outside the cell and to large multiprotein complexes in the submembranous cytoplasm. Physiological conditions and stimuli from the surrounding ECM are sensed by integrin proteins and transduced by submembranous adhesion complexes to signaling pathways to the cytoskeleton and nucleus. The transmission of information between the local environment of the cells and intracellular processes enables ASM cells to rapidly adapt their physiological properties to modulating influences in their extracellular environment: mechanical and physical forces that impinge on the cell, ECM constituents, local mediators, and metabolites. The structure and molecular organization of adhesion junction complexes and the actin cytoskeleton are dynamic and constantly changing in response to environmental influences. The ability of ASM to rapidly accommodate to the ever-changing conditions and fluctuating physical forces within its local environment is essential for its normal physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Tetrault E, Swenson J, Aaronson B, Marcho C, Albertson RC. The transcriptional state and chromatin landscape of cichlid jaw shape variation across species and environments. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:3922-3941. [PMID: 37160741 PMCID: PMC10524807 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive phenotypes are shaped by a combination of genetic and environmental forces, but how they interact remains poorly understood. Here, we utilize the cichlid oral jaw apparatus to better understand these gene-by-environment effects. First, we employed RNA-seq in bony and ligamentous tissues important for jaw opening to identify differentially expressed genes between species and across foraging environments. We used two Lake Malawi species adapted to different foraging habitats along the pelagic-benthic ecomorphological axis. Our foraging treatments were designed to force animals to employ either suction or biting/scraping, which broadly mimic pelagic or benthic modes of feeding. We found a large number of differentially expressed genes between species, and while we identified relatively few differences between environments, species differences were far more pronounced when they were challenged with a pelagic versus benthic foraging mode. Expression data carried the signature of genetic assimilation, and implicated cell cycle regulation in shaping the jaw across species and environments. Next, we repeated the foraging experiment and performed ATAC-seq procedures on nuclei harvested from the same tissues. Cross-referencing results from both analyses revealed subsets of genes that were both differentially expressed and differentially accessible. This reduced dataset implicated notable candidate genes including the Hedgehog effector, KIAA0586 and the ETS transcription factor, etv4, which connects environmental stress and craniofacial morphogenesis. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the epigenetic, genetic and cellular bases of species- and environment-specific bone shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tetrault
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - John Swenson
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - Ben Aaronson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - Chelsea Marcho
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 01003, U.S.A
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, 01003, U.S.A
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Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Wang Y, Liao G, Wu Y, Wang R, Tang DD. The intermediate filament protein nestin serves as a molecular hub for smooth muscle cytoskeletal signaling. Respir Res 2023; 24:157. [PMID: 37316833 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of the actin-regulatory proteins cortactin and profilin-1 (Pfn-1) to the membrane is important for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganization and smooth muscle contraction. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and the type III intermediate filament protein vimentin are involved in smooth muscle contraction. Regulation of complex cytoskeletal signaling is not entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nestin (a type VI intermediate filament protein) in cytoskeletal signaling in airway smooth muscle. METHODS Nestin expression in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) was knocked down by specific shRNA or siRNA. The effects of nestin knockdown (KD) on the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and contraction were evaluated by cellular and physiological approaches. Moreover, we assessed the effects of non-phosphorylatable nestin mutant on these biological processes. RESULTS Nestin KD reduced the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, and HASM contraction without affecting MLC phosphorylation. Moreover, contractile stimulation enhanced nestin phosphorylation at Thr-315 and the interaction of nestin with Plk1. Nestin KD also diminished phosphorylation of Plk1 and vimentin. The expression of T315A nestin mutant (alanine substitution at Thr-315) reduced the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, and HASM contraction without affecting MLC phosphorylation. Furthermore, Plk1 KD diminished nestin phosphorylation at this residue. CONCLUSIONS Nestin is an essential macromolecule that regulates actin cytoskeletal signaling via Plk1 in smooth muscle. Plk1 and nestin form an activation loop during contractile stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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23
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Fang X, Tang C, Zhang H, Border JJ, Liu Y, Shin SM, Yu H, Roman RJ, Fan F. Longitudinal characterization of cerebral hemodynamics in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023; 45:1471-1490. [PMID: 36933144 PMCID: PMC10400494 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global healthcare crisis. The TgF344-AD rat is an AD model exhibiting age-dependent AD pathological hallmarks. We confirmed that AD rats developed cognitive deficits at 6 months without alteration of any other major biophysical parameters. We longitudinally characterized cerebral hemodynamics in AD rats at 3, 4, 6, and 14 months. The myogenic responses of the cerebral arteries and arterioles were impaired at 4 months of age in the AD rats. Consistent with the ex vivo results, the AD rat exhibited poor autoregulation of surface and deep cortical cerebral blood flow 2 months preceding cognitive decline. The dysfunction of cerebral hemodynamics in AD is exacerbated with age associated with reduced cerebral perfusion. Further, abolished cell contractility contributes to cerebral hemodynamics imbalance in AD. This may be attributed to enhanced ROS production, reduced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, and disrupted actin cytoskeleton in cerebral vascular contractile cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Chengyun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jane J Border
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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24
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St Paul A, Corbett C, Peluzzo A, Kelemen S, Okune R, Haines DS, Preston K, Eguchi S, Autieri MV. FXR1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton, VSMC contractility, and blood pressure by multiple mechanisms. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112381. [PMID: 37043351 PMCID: PMC10564969 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cytoskeletal organization is essential for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) conditions such as hypertension. This study identifies FXR1 as a key protein linking cytoskeletal dynamics with mRNA stability. RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in human VSMCs identifies that FXR1 binds to mRNA associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, and FXR1 depletion decreases their mRNA stability. FXR1 binds and regulates actin polymerization. Mass spectrometry identifies that FXR1 interacts with cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Arp2, a protein crucial for VSMC contraction, and CYFIP1, a WASP family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC) protein that links mRNA processing with actin polymerization. Depletion of FXR1 decreases the cytoskeletal processes of adhesion, migration, contraction, and GTPase activation. Using telemetry, conditional FXR1SMC/SMC mice have decreased blood pressure and an abundance of cytoskeletal-associated transcripts. This indicates that FXR1 is a muscle-enhanced WRC modulatory protein that regulates VSMC cytoskeletal dynamics by regulation of cytoskeletal mRNA stability and actin polymerization and cytoskeletal protein-protein interactions, which can regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda St Paul
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cali Corbett
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Amanda Peluzzo
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheri Kelemen
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rachael Okune
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kyle Preston
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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25
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Woo JAA, Castaño M, Kee TR, Lee J, Koziol-White CJ, An SS, Kim D, Kang DE, Liggett SB. A Par3/LIM Kinase/Cofilin Pathway Mediates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation by TAS2R14. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:417-429. [PMID: 36662576 PMCID: PMC10112429 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0303oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
TAS2Rs (bitter taste receptors) are GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells; when activated by receptor agonists they evoke marked airway relaxation. In both taste and HASM cells, TAS2Rs activate a canonical Gβγ-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores by activation of PLCβ (phospholipase Cβ). Alone, this [Ca2+]i signaling does not readily account for relaxation, particularly since bronchoconstrictive agonists acting at Gq-coupled receptors also increase [Ca2+]i. We established that TAS2R14 activation in HASM promotes relaxation through F-actin (filamentous actin) severing. This destabilization of actin was from agonist-promoted activation (dephosphorylation) of cofilin, which was pertussis toxin sensitive. Cofilin dephosphorylation was due to TAS2R-mediated deactivation of LIM domain kinase. The link between early receptor action and the distal cofilin dephosphorylation was found to be the polarity protein partitioning defective 3 (Par3), a known binding partner with PLCβ that inhibits LIM kinase. The physiologic relevance of this pathway was assessed using knock-downs of cofilin and Par3 in HASM cells and in human precision-cut lung slices. Relaxation by TAS2R14 agonists was ablated with knock-down of either protein as assessed by magnetic twisting cytometry in isolated cells or intact airways in the slices. Blocking [Ca2+]i release by TAS2R14 inhibited agonist-promoted cofilin dephosphorylation, confirming a role for [Ca2+]i in actin-modifying pathways. These results further elucidate the mechanistic basis of TAS2R-mediated HASM relaxation and point toward nodal points that may act as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease response modifiers or additional targets for novel bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-A A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine
| | - Jordan Lee
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Cynthia J. Koziol-White
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Center for Personalized Medicine and Genomics
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology
- Center for Personalized Medicine and Genomics
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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26
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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27
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Zhu Y, Chu Y, Wang S, Tang J, Li H, Feng L, Yu F, Ma X. Vascular Smooth Muscle TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Family Member 4) Channels Regulate Vasoconstriction and Blood Pressure in Obesity. Hypertension 2023; 80:757-770. [PMID: 36794584 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelium and smooth muscle work together to keep the balance of vasomotor tone and jointly maintain vascular homeostasis. Ca2+-permeable ion channel TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid family member 4) in endothelial cells regulates endothelium-dependent vasodilation and contraction in various states. However, how vascular smooth muscle cell TRPV4 (TRPV4SMC) contributes to vascular function and blood pressure regulation in physiological and pathologically obese condition has not been fully studied. METHODS We generated smooth muscle TRPV4-deficient mice and developed diet-induced obese mice model and analyzed the role of TRPV4SMC in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulation and vasoconstriction. Vasomotor changes of mouse mesenteric artery were measured by wire, and pressure myography. [Ca2+]i were measured by fluo-4 staining. Blood pressure was recorded by telemetric device. RESULTS Vascular TRPV4SMC played different roles in regulating vasomotor tone than endothelial TRPV4 due to their different features of [Ca2+]i regulation. Loss of TRPV4SMC attenuated U46619- and phenylephrine-induced contraction, suggesting its involvement in regulating vascular contractility. Mesenteric arteries from obese mice showed SMC hyperplasia, suggesting an increased level of TRPV4SMC. Loss of TRPV4SMC did not influence the development of obesity but protected mice from obesity-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension. In arteries deficient in SMC TRPV4, SMCs F-actin polymerization and RhoA dephosphorylation were attenuated under contractile stimuli. Moreover, SMC-dependent vasoconstriction was inhibited in human resistance arteries with TRPV4 inhibitor application. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify TRPV4SMC as a regulator of vascular contraction in both physiological states and pathologically obese mice. TRPV4SMC contributes to the ontogeny of vasoconstriction and hypertension induced by TRPV4SMC over-expression in obese mice mesenteric artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
| | - Yuan Chu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
| | - Junjian Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (J.T., H.L.)
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (J.T., H.L.)
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China (Y.Z., Y.C., S.W., L.F., F.Y., X.M.)
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28
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Lubomirov LT, Schroeter MM, Hasse V, Frohn M, Metzler D, Bust M, Pryymachuk G, Hescheler J, Grisk O, Chalovich JM, Smyth NR, Pfitzer G, Papadopoulos S. Dual thick and thin filament linked regulation of stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone in young and senescent murine basilar artery. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099278. [PMID: 37057180 PMCID: PMC10088910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretch-induced vascular tone is an important element of autoregulatory adaptation of cerebral vasculature to maintain cerebral flow constant despite changes in perfusion pressure. Little is known as to the regulation of tone in senescent basilar arteries. We tested the hypothesis, that thin filament mechanisms in addition to smooth muscle myosin-II regulatory-light-chain-(MLC20)-phosphorylation and non-muscle-myosin-II, contribute to regulation of stretch-induced tone. In young BAs (y-BAs) mechanical stretch does not lead to spontaneous tone generation. Stretch-induced tone in y-BAs appeared only after inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME and was fully prevented by treatment with 3 μmol/L RhoA-kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y27632. L-NAME-induced tone was reduced in y-BAs from heterozygous mice carrying a point mutation of the targeting-subunit of the myosin phosphatase, MYPT1 at threonine696 (MYPT1-T696A/+). In y-BAs, MYPT1-T696A-mutation also blunted the ability of L-NAME to increase MLC20-phosphorylation. In contrast, senescent BAs (s-BAs; >24 months) developed stable spontaneous stretch-induced tone and pharmacological inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME led to an additive effect. In s-BAs the MYPT1-T696A mutation also blunted MLC20-phosphorylation, but did not prevent development of stretch-induced tone. In s-BAs from both lines, Y27632 completely abolished stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone. In s-BAs phosphorylation of non-muscle-myosin-S1943 and PAK1-T423, shown to be down-stream effectors of ROK was also reduced by Y27632 treatment. Stretch- and L-NAME tone were inhibited by inhibition of non-muscle myosin (NM-myosin) by blebbistatin. We also tested whether the substrate of PAK1 the thin-filament associated protein, caldesmon is involved in the regulation of stretch-induced tone in advanced age. BAs obtained from heterozygotes Cald1+/− mice generated stretch-induced tone already at an age of 20–21 months old BAs (o-BA). The magnitude of stretch-induced tone in Cald1+/− o-BAs was similar to that in s-BA. In addition, truncation of caldesmon myosin binding Exon2 (CaD-▵Ex2−/−) did not accelerate stretch-induced tone. Our study indicates that in senescent cerebral vessels, mechanisms distinct from MLC20 phosphorylation contribute to regulation of tone in the absence of a contractile agonist. While in y-and o-BA the canonical pathways, i.e., inhibition of MLCP by ROK and increase in pMLC20, predominate, tone regulation in senescence involves ROK regulated mechanisms, involving non-muscle-myosin and thin filament linked mechanisms involving caldesmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir T. Lubomirov
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lubomir T. Lubomirov,
| | - Mechthild M. Schroeter
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika Hasse
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Frohn
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Bust
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Galyna Pryymachuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Chalovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Neil R. Smyth
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Goodwin K, Lemma B, Zhang P, Boukind A, Nelson CM. Plasticity in airway smooth muscle differentiation during mouse lung development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:338-347.e4. [PMID: 36868232 PMCID: PMC10149112 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that smooth muscle differentiation may physically sculpt airway epithelial branches in mammalian lungs. Serum response factor (SRF) acts with its co-factor myocardin to activate the expression of contractile smooth muscle markers. In the adult, however, smooth muscle exhibits a variety of phenotypes beyond contractile, and these are independent of SRF/myocardin-induced transcription. To determine whether a similar phenotypic plasticity is exhibited during development, we deleted Srf from the mouse embryonic pulmonary mesenchyme. Srf-mutant lungs branch normally, and the mesenchyme displays mechanical properties indistinguishable from controls. scRNA-seq identified an Srf-null smooth muscle cluster, wrapping the airways of mutant lungs, which lacks contractile smooth muscle markers but retains many features of control smooth muscle. Srf-null embryonic airway smooth muscle exhibits a synthetic phenotype, compared with the contractile phenotype of mature wild-type airway smooth muscle. Our findings identify plasticity in embryonic airway smooth muscle and demonstrate that a synthetic smooth muscle layer promotes airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bezia Lemma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Adam Boukind
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Deng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Zeng W, Jun C, Yuan D. Function of connexin 43 and RhoA/LIMK2/Cofilin signaling pathway in transient changes of contraction and dilation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rieg AD, Suleiman S, Anker C, Bünting NA, Verjans E, Spillner J, Kalverkamp S, von Stillfried S, Braunschweig T, Uhlig S, Martin C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB regulates the airway tone via activation of MAP2K, thromboxane, actin polymerisation and Ca 2+-sensitisation. Respir Res 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35841089 PMCID: PMC9287894 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDGFR-inhibition by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nintedanib attenuates the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the effects of PDGF-BB on the airway tone are almost unknown. We studied this issue and the mechanisms beyond, using isolated perfused lungs (IPL) of guinea pigs (GPs) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of GPs and humans. METHODS IPL: PDGF-BB was perfused after or without pre-treatment with the TKI imatinib (perfused/nebulised) and its effects on the tidal volume (TV), the dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and the resistance were studied. PCLS (GP) The bronchoconstrictive effects of PDGF-BB and the mechanisms beyond were evaluated. PCLS (human): The bronchoconstrictive effects of PDGF-BB and the bronchorelaxant effects of imatinib were studied. All changes of the airway tone were measured by videomicroscopy and indicated as changes of the initial airway area. RESULTS PCLS (GP/human): PDGF-BB lead to a contraction of airways. IPL: PDGF-BB decreased TV and Cdyn, whereas the resistance did not increase significantly. In both models, inhibition of PDGFR-(β) (imatinib/SU6668) prevented the bronchoconstrictive effect of PDGF-BB. The mechanisms beyond PDGF-BB-induced bronchoconstriction include activation of MAP2K and TP-receptors, actin polymerisation and Ca2+-sensitisation, whereas the increase of Ca2+ itself and the activation of EP1-4-receptors were not of relevance. In addition, imatinib relaxed pre-constricted human airways. CONCLUSIONS PDGFR regulates the airway tone. In PCLS from GPs, this regulatory mechanism depends on the β-subunit. Hence, PDGFR-inhibition may not only represent a target to improve chronic airway disease such as IPF, but may also provide acute bronchodilation in asthma. Since asthma therapy uses topical application. This is even more relevant, as nebulisation of imatinib also appears to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Anker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina A Bünting
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Department of Cardiac and Thorax Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kalverkamp
- Department of Cardiac and Thorax Surgery, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Deviri D, Safran SA. Balance of osmotic pressures determines the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio of the cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118301119. [PMID: 35580183 PMCID: PMC9173802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118301119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The volume of the cell nucleus varies across cell types and species and is commonly thought to be determined by the size of the genome and degree of chromatin compaction. However, this notion has been challenged over the years by much experimental evidence. Here, we consider the physical condition of mechanical force balance as a determining condition of the nuclear volume and use quantitative, order-of-magnitude analysis to estimate the forces from different sources of nuclear and cytoplasmic pressure. Our estimates suggest that the dominant pressure within the nucleus and cytoplasm of nonstriated muscle cells originates from the osmotic pressure of proteins and RNA molecules that are localized to the nucleus or cytoplasm by out-of-equilibrium, active nucleocytoplasmic transport rather than from chromatin or its associated ions. This motivates us to formulate a physical model for the ratio of the cell and nuclear volumes in which osmotic pressures of localized proteins determine the relative volumes. In accordance with unexplained observations that are a century old, our model predicts that the ratio of the cell and nuclear volumes is a constant, robust to a wide variety of biochemical and biophysical manipulations, and is changed only if gene expression or nucleocytoplasmic transport is modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deviri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovet 76100, Israel
| | - Samuel A. Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovet 76100, Israel
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Ichise N, Sato T, Fusagawa H, Yamazaki H, Kudo T, Ogon I, Tohse N. Ultrastructural Assessment and Proteomic Analysis in Myofibrillogenesis in the Heart Primordium After Heartbeat Initiation in Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907924. [PMID: 35615667 PMCID: PMC9124805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrillogenesis is an essential process for cardiogenesis and is closely related to excitation-contraction coupling and the maintenance of heartbeat. It remains unclear whether the formation of myofibrils and sarcomeres is associated with heartbeat initiation in the early embryonic heart development. Here, we investigated the association between the ultrastructure of myofibrils assessed by transmission electron microscopy and their proteomic profiling assessed by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) in the rat heart primordia before and after heartbeat initiation at embryonic day 10.0, when heartbeat begins in rats, and in the primitive heart tube at embryonic day 11.0. Bundles of myofilaments were scattered in a few cells of the heart primordium after heartbeat initiation, whereas there were no typical sarcomeres in the heart primordia both before and after heartbeat initiation. Sarcomeres with Z-lines were identified in cells of the primitive heart tube, though myofilaments were not aligned. DIA-MS proteome analysis revealed that only 43 proteins were significantly upregulated by more than 2.0 fold among a total of 7,762 detected proteins in the heart primordium after heartbeat initiation compared with that before heartbeat initiation. Indeed, of those upregulated proteins, 12 (27.9%) were constituent proteins of myofibrils and 10 (23.3%) were proteins that were accessories and regulators for myofibrillogenesis, suggesting that upregulated proteins that are associated with heartbeat initiation were enriched in myofibrillogenesis. Collectively, our results suggest that the establishment of heartbeat is induced by development of bundles of myofilaments with upregulated proteins associated with myofibrillogensis, whereas sarcomeres are not required for the initial heartbeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ichise
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tatsuya Sato,
| | - Hiroyori Fusagawa
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kudo
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Izaya Ogon
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Functional Remodeling of the Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Cortex, a Provocative Concept, Supported by Direct Visualization of Cortical Remodeling. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050662. [PMID: 35625390 PMCID: PMC9138025 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary As a key element of the smooth muscle cell contractile apparatus, the actin cytoskeleton participates in the development of force by acting as a molecular track for the myosin cross bridge motor. At the same time, the actin cytoskeleton must transmit the force developed during contraction to the extracellular matrix and, thus, to neighboring cells. This propagation of force to the cell periphery and beyond is initiated in part on specifically localized cellular cortical actin filaments also involved in mechano-chemical transduction. During the contractile process itself and in response to extracellular structural and chemical alterations, the smooth muscle actin cytoskeletal remodels. This indicates that the cytoskeleton is a dynamic cellular organelle that adapts to the changes in cell shape and chemical cues. Current evidence connecting contractile function and mechano-transduction mechanisms to the plasticity of the vascular smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton is reviewed; we then describe new evidence for cytoskeletal remodeling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Here, using immunoelectron microscopy, we visualize the actin binding proteins filamin A, zyxin and talin in these cells and show that they participate in the cortical cell cytoskeletal alteration, thus supporting the premise that smooth muscle cell remodeling occurs during contraction. Abstract Considerable controversy has surrounded the functional anatomy of the cytoskeleton of the contractile vascular smooth muscle cell. Recent studies have suggested a dynamic nature of the cortical cytoskeleton of these cells, but direct proof has been lacking. Here, we review past studies in this area suggesting a plasticity of smooth muscle cells. We also present images testing these suggestions by using the technique of immunoelectron microscopy of metal replicas to directly visualize the cortical actin cytoskeleton of the contractile smooth muscle cell along with interactions by representative cytoskeletal binding proteins. We find the cortical cytoskeletal matrix to be a branched, interconnected network of linear actin bundles. Here, the focal adhesion proteins talin and zyxin were localized with nanometer accuracy. Talin is reported in past studies to span the integrin–cytoplasm distance in fibroblasts and zyxin is known to be an adaptor protein between alpha-actinin and VASP. In response to activation of signal transduction with the alpha-agonist phenylephrine, we found that no movement of talin was detectable but that the zyxin-zyxin spacing was statistically significantly decreased in the smooth muscle cells examined. Contractile smooth muscle is often assumed to have a fixed cytoskeletal structure. Thus, the results included here are important in that they directly support the concept at the electron microscopic level that the focal adhesion of the contractile smooth muscle cell has a dynamic nature and that the protein–protein interfaces showing plasticity are protein-specific.
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Erdener ŞE, Küreli G, Dalkara T. Contractile apparatus in CNS capillary pericytes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021904. [PMID: 35106320 PMCID: PMC8785978 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Whether or not capillary pericytes contribute to blood flow regulation in the brain and retina has long been debated. This was partly caused by failure of detecting the contractile protein α -smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA) in capillary pericytes. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in detecting α -SMA and contractility in capillary pericytes and the relevant literature on the biology of actin filaments. Results: Evidence suggests that for visualization of the small amounts of α -SMA in downstream mid-capillary pericytes, actin depolymerization must be prevented during tissue processing. Actin filaments turnover is mainly based on de/re-polymerization rather than transcription of the monomeric form, hence, small amounts of α -SMA mRNA may evade detection by transcriptomic studies. Similarly, transgenic mice expressing fluorescent reporters under the α -SMA promoter may yield low fluorescence due to limited transcriptional activity in mid-capillary pericytes. Recent studies show that pericytes including mid-capillary ones express several actin isoforms and myosin heavy chain type 11, the partner of α -SMA in mediating contraction. Emerging evidence also suggests that actin polymerization in pericytes may have a role in regulating the tone of downstream capillaries. Conclusions: With guidance of actin biology, innovative labeling and imaging techniques can reveal the molecular machinery of contraction in pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şefik E. Erdener
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülce Küreli
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
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Hsu WB, Lin SJ, Hung JS, Chen MH, Lin CY, Hsu WH, Hsu WWR. Effect of resistance training on satellite cells in old mice - a transcriptome study : implications for sarcopenia. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:121-133. [PMID: 35188421 PMCID: PMC8882320 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.112.bjr-2021-0079.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The decrease in the number of satellite cells (SCs), contributing to myofibre formation and reconstitution, and their proliferative capacity, leads to muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. Resistance training can prevent muscle loss; however, the underlying mechanisms of resistance training effects on SCs are not well understood. We therefore conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of SCs in a mouse model. Methods We compared the differentially expressed genes of SCs in young mice (eight weeks old), middle-aged (48-week-old) mice with resistance training intervention (MID+ T), and mice without exercise (MID) using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Results After the bioinformatic analysis, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton in particular were highlighted among the top ten pathways with the most differentially expressed genes involved in the young/MID and MID+ T/MID groups. The expression of Gng5, Atf2, and Rtor in the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was higher in the young and MID+ T groups compared with the MID group. Similarly, Limk1, Arhgef12, and Araf in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway had a similar bias. Moreover, the protein expression profiles of Atf2, Rptor, and Ccnd3 in each group were paralleled with the results of NGS. Conclusion Our results revealed that age-induced muscle loss might result from age-influenced genes that contribute to muscle development in SCs. After resistance training, age-impaired genes were reactivated, and age-induced genes were depressed. The change fold in these genes in the young/MID mice resembled those in the MID + T/MID group, suggesting that resistance training can rejuvenate the self-renewing ability of SCs by recovering age-influenced genes to prevent sarcopenia. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(2):121–133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiuan Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Robert Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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37
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Elamaa H, Kaakinen M, Nätynki M, Szabo Z, Ronkainen VP, Äijälä V, Mäki JM, Kerkelä R, Myllyharju J, Eklund L. PHD2 deletion in endothelial or arterial smooth muscle cells reveals vascular cell type-specific responses in pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:259-274. [PMID: 34997404 PMCID: PMC9054891 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important regulatory role in the vasculature to adjust blood flow to meet metabolic requirements. At the level of gene transcription, the responses are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) the stability of which is controlled by the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (PHD2). In the lungs hypoxia results in vasoconstriction, however, the pathophysiological relevance of PHD2 in the major arterial cell types; endothelial cells (ECs) and arterial smooth muscle cells (aSMCs) in the adult vasculature is incompletely characterized. Here, we investigated PHD2-dependent vascular homeostasis utilizing inducible deletions of PHD2 either in ECs (Phd2∆ECi) or in aSMCs (Phd2∆aSMC). Cardiovascular function and lung pathologies were studied using echocardiography, Doppler ultrasonography, intraventricular pressure measurement, histological, ultrastructural, and transcriptional methods. Cell intrinsic responses were investigated in hypoxia and in conditions mimicking hypertension-induced hemodynamic stress. Phd2∆ECi resulted in progressive pulmonary disease characterized by a thickened respiratory basement membrane (BM), alveolar fibrosis, increased pulmonary artery pressure, and adaptive hypertrophy of the right ventricle (RV). A low oxygen environment resulted in alterations in cultured ECs similar to those in Phd2∆ECi mice, involving BM components and vascular tone regulators favoring the contraction of SMCs. In contrast, Phd2∆aSMC resulted in elevated RV pressure without alterations in vascular tone regulators. Mechanistically, PHD2 inhibition in aSMCs involved actin polymerization -related tension development via activated cofilin. The results also indicated that hemodynamic stress, rather than PHD2-dependent hypoxia response alone, potentiates structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the pulmonary microvasculature and respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Elamaa
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kaakinen
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjut Nätynki
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu and University Hospital Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ville Äijälä
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joni M Mäki
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu and University Hospital Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Sasaki H, Zhang Y, Emala CW, Mizuta K. Melatonin MT 2 receptor is expressed and potentiates contraction in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L991-L1005. [PMID: 34612067 PMCID: PMC8715028 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal asthma is characterized by heightened bronchial reactivity at night, and plasma melatonin concentrations are higher in patients with nocturnal asthma symptoms. Numerous physiological effects of melatonin are mediated via its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named the MT1 receptor, which couples to both Gq and Gi proteins, and the MT2 receptor, which couples to Gi. We investigated whether melatonin receptors are expressed on airway smooth muscle; whether they regulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i), which modulate airway smooth muscle tone; and whether they promote airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. We detected the mRNA and protein expression of the melatonin MT2 but not the MT1 receptor in native human and guinea pig airway smooth muscle and cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Activation of melatonin MT2 receptors with either pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (10-100 µM) or the nonselective MT1/MT2 agonist ramelteon (10 µM) significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HASM cells, which was reversed by the Gαi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or knockdown of the MT2 receptor by its specific siRNA. Although melatonin by itself did not induce an initial [Ca2+]i increase and airway contraction, melatonin significantly potentiated acetylcholine-stimulated [Ca2+]i increases, stress fiber formation through the MT2 receptor in HASM cells, and attenuated the relaxant effect of isoproterenol in guinea pig trachea. These findings suggest that the melatonin MT2 receptor is expressed in ASM, and modulates airway smooth muscle tone via reduced cAMP production and increased [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Johnson RT, Solanki R, Warren DT. Mechanical programming of arterial smooth muscle cells in health and ageing. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:757-768. [PMID: 34745374 PMCID: PMC8553715 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), the predominant cell type within the arterial wall, detect and respond to external mechanical forces. These forces can be derived from blood flow (i.e. pressure and stretch) or from the supporting extracellular matrix (i.e. stiffness and topography). The healthy arterial wall is elastic, allowing the artery to change shape in response to changes in blood pressure, a property known as arterial compliance. As we age, the mechanical forces applied to ASMCs change; blood pressure and arterial wall rigidity increase and result in a reduction in arterial compliance. These changes in mechanical environment enhance ASMC contractility and promote disease-associated changes in ASMC phenotype. For mechanical stimuli to programme ASMCs, forces must influence the cell's load-bearing apparatus, the cytoskeleton. Comprised of an interconnected network of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments, each cytoskeletal component has distinct mechanical properties that enable ASMCs to respond to changes within the mechanical environment whilst maintaining cell integrity. In this review, we discuss how mechanically driven cytoskeletal reorganisation programmes ASMC function and phenotypic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reesha Solanki
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Derek T. Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
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Wang Y, Liao G, Wang R, Tang DD. Acetylation of Abelson interactor 1 at K416 regulates actin cytoskeleton and smooth muscle contraction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21811. [PMID: 34369620 PMCID: PMC8800440 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100415r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal reorganization plays an important role in regulating smooth muscle contraction, which is essential for the modulation of various physiological functions including airway tone. The adapter protein Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) participates in the control of smooth muscle contraction. The mechanisms by which Abi1 coordinates smooth muscle function are not fully understood. Here, we found that contractile stimulation elicited Abi1 acetylation in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Mutagenesis analysis identified lysine‐416 (K416) as a major acetylation site. Replacement of K416 with Q (glutamine) enhanced the interaction of Abi1 with neuronal Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein (N‐WASP), an important actin‐regulatory protein. Moreover, the expression of K416Q Abi1 promoted actin polymerization and smooth muscle contraction without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation at Ser‐19 and vimentin phosphorylation at Ser‐56. Furthermore, p300 is a lysine acetyltransferase that catalyzes acetylation of histone and non‐histone proteins in various cell types. Here, we discovered that a portion of p300 was localized in the cytoplasm of HASM cells. Knockdown of p300 reduced the agonist‐induced Abi1 acetylation in HASM cells and in mouse airway smooth muscle tissues. Smooth muscle conditional knockout of p300 inhibited actin polymerization and the contraction of airway smooth muscle tissues without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation and vimentin phosphorylation. Together, our results suggest that contractile stimulation induces Abi1 acetylation via p300 in smooth muscle. Acetylation at K416 promotes the coupling of Abi1 with N‐WASP, which facilitates actin polymerization and smooth muscle contraction. This is a novel acetylation‐dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Han YS, Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Effects of TNFα on Dynamic Cytosolic Ca 2 + and Force Responses to Muscarinic Stimulation in Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730333. [PMID: 34393833 PMCID: PMC8363307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that in airway smooth muscle (ASM), the cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) and force response induced by acetyl choline (ACh) are increased by exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The increase in ASM force induced by TNFα was not associated with an increase in regulatory myosin light chain (rMLC20) phosphorylation but was associated with an increase in contractile protein (actin and myosin) concentration and an enhancement of Ca2+ dependent actin polymerization. The sensitivity of ASM force generation to elevated [Ca2+]cyt (Ca2+ sensitivity) is dynamic involving both the shorter-term canonical calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling cascade that regulates rMLC20 phosphorylation and cross-bridge recruitment as well as the longer-term regulation of actin polymerization that regulates contractile unit recruitment and actin tethering to the cortical cytoskeleton. In this study, we simultaneously measured [Ca2+]cyt and force responses to ACh and explored the impact of 24-h TNFα on the dynamic relationship between [Ca2+]cyt and force responses. The temporal delay between the onset of [Ca2+]cyt and force responses was not affected by TNFα. Similarly, the rates of rise of [Ca2+]cyt and force responses were not affected by TNFα. The absence of an impact of TNFα on the short delay relationships between [Ca2+]cyt and force was consistent with the absence of an effect of [Ca2+]cyt and force on rMLC20 phosphorylation. However, the integral of the phase-loop plot of [Ca2+]cyt and force increased with TNFα, consistent with an impact on actin polymerization and, contractile unit recruitment and actin tethering to the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soo Han
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Jackson WF. Myogenic Tone in Peripheral Resistance Arteries and Arterioles: The Pressure Is On! Front Physiol 2021; 12:699517. [PMID: 34366889 PMCID: PMC8339585 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance arteries and downstream arterioles in the peripheral microcirculation contribute substantially to peripheral vascular resistance, control of blood pressure, the distribution of blood flow to and within tissues, capillary pressure, and microvascular fluid exchange. A hall-mark feature of these vessels is myogenic tone. This pressure-induced, steady-state level of vascular smooth muscle activity maintains arteriolar and resistance artery internal diameter at 50–80% of their maximum passive diameter providing these vessels with the ability to dilate, reducing vascular resistance, and increasing blood flow, or constrict to produce the opposite effect. Despite the central importance of resistance artery and arteriolar myogenic tone in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, our understanding of signaling pathways underlying this key microvascular property remains incomplete. This brief review will present our current understanding of the multiple mechanisms that appear to underlie myogenic tone, including the roles played by G-protein-coupled receptors, a variety of ion channels, and several kinases that have been linked to pressure-induced, steady-state activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the wall of resistance arteries and arterioles. Emphasis will be placed on the portions of the signaling pathways underlying myogenic tone for which there is lack of consensus in the literature and areas where our understanding is clearly incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Nayak AP, Lim JM, Arbel E, Wang R, Villalba DR, Nguyen TL, Schaible N, Krishnan R, Tang DD, Penn RB. Cooperativity between β-agonists and c-Abl inhibitors in regulating airway smooth muscle relaxation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21674. [PMID: 34115899 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches to avoid or reverse bronchoconstriction rely primarily on β2 adrenoceptor agonists (β-agonists) that regulate pharmacomechanical coupling/cross bridge cycling in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Targeting actin cytoskeleton polymerization in ASM represents an alternative means to regulate ASM contraction. Herein we report the cooperative effects of targeting these distinct pathways with β-agonists and inhibitors of the mammalian Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl1 or c-Abl). The cooperative effect of β-agonists (isoproterenol) and c-Abl inhibitors (GNF-5, or imatinib) on contractile agonist (methacholine, or histamine) -induced ASM contraction was assessed in cultured human ASM cells (using Fourier Transfer Traction Microscopy), in murine precision cut lung slices, and in vivo (flexiVent in mice). Regulation of intracellular signaling that regulates contraction (pMLC20, pMYPT1, pHSP20), and actin polymerization state (F:G actin ratio) were assessed in cultured primary human ASM cells. In each (cell, tissue, in vivo) model, c-Abl inhibitors and β-agonist exhibited additive effects in either preventing or reversing ASM contraction. Treatment of contracted ASM cells with c-Abl inhibitors and β-agonist cooperatively increased actin disassembly as evidenced by a significant reduction in the F:G actin ratio. Mechanistic studies indicated that the inhibition of pharmacomechanical coupling by β-agonists is near optimal and is not increased by c-Abl inhibitors, and the cooperative effect on ASM relaxation resides in further relaxation of ASM tension development caused by actin cytoskeleton depolymerization, which is regulated by both β-agonists and c-Abl inhibitors. Thus, targeting actin cytoskeleton polymerization represents an untapped therapeutic reserve for managing airway resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Lim
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eylon Arbel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dominic R Villalba
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tahn L Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kota D, Kang L, Rickel A, Liu J, Smith S, Hong Z, Wang C. Low doses of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles alter the actin organization and contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125514. [PMID: 33647611 PMCID: PMC8144069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery and controlled release. Considering most ZIF-8 nanoparticle drug carriers are designed to be administered intravenously, and thus would directly contact vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in many circumstances, the potential interactions of ZIF-8 nanoparticles with VSMCs require investigation. Here, the effects of low doses of ZIF-8 nanoparticles on VSMC morphology, actin organization, and contractility are investigated. Two nanoscale imaging tools, atomic force microscopy, and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, show that even at the concentrations (12.5 and 25 µg/ml) that were deemed "safe" by conventional biochemical cell assays (MTT and LDH assays), ZIF-8 nanoparticles can still cause changes in cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization at the cell apical and basal surfaces. These cytoskeletal structural changes impair the contractility function of VSMCs in response to Angiotensin II, a classic vasoconstrictor. Based on intracellular zinc and actin polymerization assays, we conclude that the increased intracellular Zn2+ concentration due to the uptake and dissociation of ZIF-8 nanoparticles could cause the actin cytoskeleton dis-organization, as the elevated Zn2+ directly disrupts the actin assembly process, leading to altered actin organization such as branches and networks. Since the VSMC phenotype change and loss of contractility are fundamental to the development of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, it is worth noting that these low doses of ZIF-8 nanoparticles administered intravenously could still be a safety concern in terms of cardiovascular risks. Moving forward, it is imperative to re-consider the "safe" nanoparticle dosages determined by biochemical cell assays alone, and take into account the impact of these nanoparticles on the biophysical characteristics of VSMCs, including changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kota
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701
| | - Lin Kang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701
| | - Alex Rickel
- Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD, USA 57107; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD, USA 57107; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701.
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701; BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA 57701.
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Clerici SP, Peppelenbosch M, Fuhler G, Consonni SR, Ferreira-Halder CV. Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Educate Human Fibroblasts to Stimulate Migratory Capacity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696373. [PMID: 34336845 PMCID: PMC8320664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is in the top 10 cancers most prevalent worldwide, affecting equally men and women. Current research on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suggests that these small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an important role in mediating cell-to-cell communication and thus potentially affecting cancer progression via multiple pathways. In the present study, we hypothesized that sEVs derived from different CRC cell lines differ in their ability to reprogram normal human fibroblasts through a process called tumor education. The sEVs derived from CRC cell lines (HT29 and HCT116) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and polymeric precipitation, followed by characterization based on morphology, size, and the presence or absence of EV and non-EV markers. It was observed that the HT29 cells displayed a higher concentration of sEVs compared with HCT116 cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that HT29-derived sEVs were positive for low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lmwptp). CRC cell-derived sEVs were uptake by human fibroblasts, stimulating migratory ability via Rho-Fak signaling in co-incubated human fibroblasts. Another important finding showed that HT29 cell-derived sEVs are much more efficient in activating human fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Indeed, the sEVs produced by the HT29 cells that are less responsive to a cytotoxic agent display higher efficiency in educating normal human fibroblasts by providing them advantages such as activation and migratory ability. In other words, these sEVs have an influence on the CRC microenvironment, in part, due to fibroblasts reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piatto Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maikel Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gwenny Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Pütz S, Barthel LS, Frohn M, Metzler D, Barham M, Pryymachuk G, Trunschke O, Lubomirov LT, Hescheler J, Chalovich JM, Neiss WF, Koch M, Schroeter MM, Pfitzer G. Caldesmon ablation in mice causes umbilical herniation and alters contractility of fetal urinary bladder smooth muscle. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212279. [PMID: 34115104 PMCID: PMC8203487 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-, myosin-, and calmodulin-binding protein caldesmon (CaD) is expressed in two splice isoforms: h-CaD, which is an integral part of the actomyosin domain of smooth muscle cells, and l-CaD, which is widely expressed and is involved in many cellular functions. Despite extensive research for many years, CaD's in vivo function has remained elusive. To explore the role of CaD in smooth muscle contraction in vivo, we generated a mutant allele that ablates both isoforms. Heterozygous animals were viable and had a normal life span, but homozygous mutants died perinatally, likely because of a persistent umbilical hernia. The herniation was associated with hypoplastic and dysmorphic abdominal wall muscles. We assessed mechanical parameters in isometrically mounted longitudinal strips of E18.5 urinary bladders and in ring preparations from abdominal aorta using wire myography. Ca2+ sensitivity was higher and relaxation rate was slower in Cald1−/− compared with Cald1+/+ skinned bladder strips. However, we observed no change in the content and phosphorylation of regulatory proteins of the contractile apparatus and myosin isoforms known to affect these contractile parameters. Intact fibers showed no difference in actin and myosin content, regardless of genotype, although KCl-induced force tended to be lower in homozygous and higher in heterozygous mutants than in WTs. Conversely, in skinned fibers, myosin content and maximal force were significantly lower in Cald1−/− than in WTs. In KO abdominal aortas, resting and U46619 elicited force were lower than in WTs. Our results are consistent with the notion that CaD impacts smooth muscle function dually by (1) acting as a molecular brake on contraction and (2) maintaining the structural integrity of the contractile machinery. Most importantly, CaD is essential for resolution of the physiological umbilical hernia and ventral body wall closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pütz
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Barthel
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Frohn
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammed Barham
- Institute of Anatomy I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Galyna Pryymachuk
- Institute of Anatomy I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Trunschke
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lubomir T Lubomirov
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph M Chalovich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Wolfram F Neiss
- Institute of Anatomy I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mechthild M Schroeter
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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47
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LIMK2 is required for membrane cytoskeleton reorganization of contracting airway smooth muscle. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:452-462. [PMID: 34353741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) has developed a mechanical adaption mechanism by which it transduces force and responds to environmental forces, which is essential for periodic breathing. Cytoskeletal reorganization has been implicated in this process, but the regulatory mechanism remains to be determined. We here observe that ASM abundantly expresses cytoskeleton regulators Limk1 and Limk2, and their expression levels are further upregulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animals. By establishing mouse lines with deletions of Limk1 or Limk2, we analyse the length-sensitive contraction, F/G-actin dynamics, and F-actin pool of mutant ASM cells. As LIMK1 phosphorylation does not respond to the contractile stimulation, LIMK1-deficient ASM develops normal maximal force, while LIMK2 or LIMK1/LIMK2 deficient ASMs show approximately 30% inhibition. LIMK2 deletion causes a significant decrease in cofilin phosphorylation along with a reduced F/G-actin ratio. As LIMK2 functions independently of cross-bridge movement, this observation indicates that LIMK2 is necessary for F-actin dynamics and hence force transduction. Moreover, LIMK2-deficient ASMs display abolishes stretching-induced suppression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) but not acetylcholine-evoks force, which is due to the differential contraction mechanisms adopted by the agonists. We propose that LIMK2-mediated cofilin phosphorylation is required for membrane cytoskeleton reorganization that is necessary for ASM mechanical adaption including the 5-HT-evoked length-sensitive effect.
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48
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Mfge8 attenuates human gastric antrum smooth muscle contractions. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:219-231. [PMID: 34085177 PMCID: PMC8332633 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated gastric smooth muscle contraction is critical for proper digestion and is adversely affected by a number of gastric motility disorders. In this study we report that the secreted protein Mfge8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8) inhibits the contractile responses of human gastric antrum muscles to cholinergic stimuli by reducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of the MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit (1) subunit of MLCP (myosin light chain phosphatase), resulting in reduced LC20 (smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (2) phosphorylation. Mfge8 reduced the agonist-induced increase in the F-actin/G-actin ratios of β-actin and γ-actin1. We show that endogenous Mfge8 is bound to its receptor, α8β1 integrin, in human gastric antrum muscles, suggesting that human gastric antrum muscle mechanical responses are regulated by Mfge8. The regulation of gastric antrum smooth muscles by Mfge8 and α8 integrin functions as a brake on gastric antrum mechanical activities. Further studies of the role of Mfge8 and α8 integrin in regulating gastric antrum function will likely reveal additional novel aspects of gastric smooth muscle motility mechanisms.
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Hashmi SK, Ceron RH, Heuckeroth RO. Visceral myopathy: clinical syndromes, genetics, pathophysiology, and fall of the cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G919-G935. [PMID: 33729000 PMCID: PMC8285581 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral smooth muscle is a crucial component of the walls of hollow organs like the gut, bladder, and uterus. This specialized smooth muscle has unique properties that distinguish it from other muscle types and facilitate robust dilation and contraction. Visceral myopathies are diseases where severe visceral smooth muscle dysfunction prevents efficient movement of air and nutrients through the bowel, impairs bladder emptying, and affects normal uterine contraction and relaxation, particularly during pregnancy. Disease severity exists along a spectrum. The most debilitating defects cause highly dysfunctional bowel, reduced intrauterine colon growth (microcolon), and bladder-emptying defects requiring catheterization, a condition called megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS). People with MMIHS often die early in childhood. When the bowel is the main organ affected and microcolon is absent, the condition is known as myopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO). Visceral myopathies like MMIHS and myopathic CIPO are most commonly caused by mutations in contractile apparatus cytoskeletal proteins. Here, we review visceral myopathy-causing mutations and normal functions of these disease-associated proteins. We propose molecular, cellular, and tissue-level models that may explain clinical and histopathological features of visceral myopathy and hope these observations prompt new mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Khalid Hashmi
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,2Department of Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Helen Ceron
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,3Department of Physiology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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50
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Li X, Yao Y, Liu T, Gu K, Han Q, Zhang W, Ayala GJ, Liu Y, Na H, Yu J, Zhang F, Mayo KH, Su J. Actin binding to galectin-13/placental protein-13 occurs independently of the galectin canonical ligand binding site. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1219-1229. [PMID: 34080003 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene for galectin-13 (Gal-13, placental protein 13) is only present in primates, and its low expression level in maternal serum may promote pre-eclampsia. In the present study, we used pull-down experiments and biolayer interferometry to assess the interaction between Gal-13 and actin. These studies uncovered that human Gal-13 (hGal-13) and Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (sGal-13) strongly bind to α- and β/γ-actin, with Ca2+ and ATP significantly enhancing interactions. This in turn suggests that h/sGal-13 may inhibit myosin-induced contraction when vascular smooth muscle cells undergo polarization. Here, we solved the crystal structure of sGal-13 bound to lactose and found that it exists as a monomer in contrast to hGal-13 that is a dimer. The distribution of sGal-13 in HeLa cells is similar to that of hGal-13, indicating that monomeric Gal-13 is the primary form in cells. Even though sGal-13 also binds to actin, hGal-13 ligand binding site mutants do not influence hGal-13/actin binding, whereas the monomeric mutant C136S/C138S binds to actin more strongly than wild type hGal-13. Overall, our study demonstrates that monomeric Gal-13 binds to actin, an interaction that is independent of the galectin canonical ligand binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Media Academy, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Keqi Gu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiuyu Han
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo Ayala
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Heya Na
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinyi Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Jiyong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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