High-tailing it to the apical surface. Focus on "Apical targeting of the P2Y(4) receptor is directed by hydrophobic and basic residues in the cytoplasmic tail"

Apical targeting of the P2Y(4) receptor is directed by hydrophobic and basic residues in the cytoplasmic tail

The P2Y(4) receptor is selectively targeted to the apical membrane in polarized epithelial cell lines and has been shown to play a key role in intestinal chloride secretion. In this study, we delimit a 23 amino acid sequence within the P2Y(4) receptor C-tail that directs its apical targeting. Using a mutagenesis approach, we found that four hydrophobic residues near the COOH-terminal end of the signal are necessary for apical sorting, whereas two basic residues near the NH(2)-terminal end of the signal are involved to a lesser extent. Interestingly, mutation of the key hydrophobic residues results in a basolateral enrichment of the receptor construct, suggesting that the apical targeting sequence may prevent insertion or disrupt stability of the receptor at the basolateral membrane. The signal is not sequence specific, as an inversion of the 23 amino acid sequence does not disrupt apical targeting. We also show that the apical targeting sequence is an autonomous signal and is capable of redistributing the normally basolateral P2Y(12) receptor, suggesting that the apical signal is dominant over the basolateral signal in the main body of the P2Y(12) receptor. The targeting sequence is unique to the P2Y(4) receptor, and sequence alignments of the COOH-terminal tail of mammalian orthologs reveal that the hydrophobic residues in the targeting signal are highly conserved. These data define the novel apical sorting signal of the P2Y(4) receptor, which may represent a common mechanism for trafficking of epithelial transmembrane proteins.