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Ando F, Hara Y, Uchida S. Identification of protein kinase A signalling molecules in renal collecting ducts. J Physiol 2024; 602:3057-3067. [PMID: 37013848 DOI: 10.1113/jp284178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Body water homeostasis is maintained by the correct balance between water intake and water loss through urine, faeces, sweat and breath. It is known that elevated circulating levels of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin decrease urine volume to prevent excessive water loss from the body. Vasopressin/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling is the canonical pathway in renal collecting ducts for phosphorylating aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels, which leads to the reabsorption of water from urine via AQP2. Although recent omics data have verified various downstream targets of PKA, crucial regulators that mediate PKA-induced AQP2 phosphorylation remain unknown, mainly because vasopressin is usually used to activate PKA as a positive control. Vasopressin is extremely potent and phosphorylates various PKA substrates non-specifically, making it difficult to narrow down the candidate mediators responsible for AQP2 phosphorylation. The intracellular localization of PKA is tightly regulated by its scaffold proteins, also known as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Furthermore, each AKAP has a target domain that determines its intracellular localization, enabling the creation of a local PKA signalling network. Although vasopressin activates most PKAs independently of their intracellular localization, some chemical compounds preferentially act on PKAs localized on AQP2-containing vesicles while simultaneously phosphorylating AQP2 and its surrounding PKA substrates. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies against phosphorylated PKA substrates followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the PKA substrate in proximity to AQP2 was lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor (LRBA). Furthermore, Lrba knockout studies revealed that LRBA was required for vasopressin-induced AQP2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hara
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kharin A, Klussmann E. Many kinases for controlling the water channel aquaporin-2. J Physiol 2024; 602:3025-3039. [PMID: 37440212 DOI: 10.1113/jp284100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a member of the aquaporin water channel family. In the kidney, AQP2 is expressed in collecting duct principal cells where it facilitates water reabsorption in response to antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin, AVP). AVP induces the redistribution of AQP2 from intracellular vesicles and its incorporation into the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane insertion of AQP2 represents the crucial step in AVP-mediated water reabsorption. Dysregulation of the system preventing the AQP2 plasma membrane insertion causes diabetes insipidus (DI), a disease characterised by an impaired urine concentrating ability and polydipsia. There is no satisfactory treatment of DI available. This review discusses kinases that control the localisation of AQP2 and points out potential kinase-directed targets for the treatment of DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Kharin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
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3
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Murali SK, McCormick JA, Fenton RA. Regulation of the water channel aquaporin-2 by cullin E3 ubiquitin ligases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F814-F826. [PMID: 38545647 PMCID: PMC11381000 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00049.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a vasopressin (VP)-regulated water channel in the renal collecting duct. Phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of AQP2 play an essential role in controlling the cellular abundance of AQP2 and its accumulation on the plasma membrane in response to VP. Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are multisubunit E3 ligases involved in ubiquitylation and degradation of their target proteins, eight of which are expressed in the collecting duct. Here, we used an established cell model of the collecting duct (mpkCCD14 cells) to study the role of cullins in modulating AQP2. Western blotting identified Cul-1 to Cul-5 in mpkCCD14 cells. Treatment of cells for 4 h with a pan-cullin inhibitor (MLN4924) decreased AQP2 abundance, prevented a VP-induced reduction in AQP2 Ser261 phosphorylation, and attenuated VP-induced plasma membrane accumulation of AQP2 relative to the vehicle. AQP2 ubiquitylation levels were significantly higher after MLN4924 treatment compared with controls, and they remained higher despite VP treatment. Cullin inhibition increased ERK1/2 activity, a kinase that regulates AQP2 Ser261 phosphorylation, and VP-induced reductions in ERK1/2 phosphorylation were absent during MLN4924 treatment. Furthermore, the greater Ser261 phosphorylation and reduction in AQP2 abundance during MLN4924 treatment were attenuated during ERK1/2 inhibition. MLN4924 increased intracellular calcium levels via calcium release-activated calcium channels, inhibition of which abolished MLN4924 effects on Ser261 phosphorylation and AQP2 abundance. In conclusion, CRLs play a vital role in mediating some of the effects of VP to increase AQP2 plasma membrane accumulation and AQP2 abundance. Whether modulation of cullin activity can contribute to body water homeostasis requires further studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is essential for body water homeostasis and is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. The posttranslational modification ubiquitylation is a key regulator of AQP2 abundance and plasma membrane localization. Here we demonstrate that cullin-RING E3 ligases play a vital role in mediating some of the effects of vasopressin to increase AQP2 abundance and plasma membrane accumulation. The results suggest that manipulating cullin activity could be a novel strategy to alter kidney water handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish K Murali
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - James A McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Chou CL, Limbutara K, Kao AR, Clark JZ, Nein EH, Raghuram V, Knepper MA. Collecting duct water permeability inhibition by EGF is associated with decreased cAMP, PKA activity, and AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser 269. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F545-F559. [PMID: 38205543 PMCID: PMC11208025 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability in the renal collecting duct. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism. Using isolated perfused rat inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs), we found that the addition of EGF to the peritubular bath significantly decreased 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP)-stimulated water permeability, confirming prior observations. The inhibitory effect of EGF on water permeability was associated with a reduction in intracellular cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Using phospho-specific antibodies and immunoblotting in IMCD suspensions, we showed that EGF significantly reduces phosphorylation of AQP2 at Ser264 and Ser269. This effect was absent when 8-cpt-cAMP was used to induce AQP2 phosphorylation, suggesting that EGF's inhibitory effect was at a pre-cAMP step. Immunofluorescence labeling of microdissected IMCDs showed that EGF significantly reduced apical AQP2 abundance in the presence of dDAVP. To address what protein kinase might be responsible for Ser269 phosphorylation, we used Bayesian analysis to integrate multiple-omic datasets. Thirteen top-ranked protein kinases were subsequently tested by in vitro phosphorylation experiments for their ability to phosphorylate AQP2 peptides using a mass spectrometry readout. The results show that the PKA catalytic-α subunit increased phosphorylation at Ser256, Ser264, and Ser269. None of the other kinases tested phosphorylated Ser269. In addition, H-89 and PKI strongly inhibited dDAVP-stimulated AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser269. These results indicate that EGF decreases the water permeability of the IMCD by inhibiting cAMP production, thereby inhibiting PKA and decreasing AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser269, a site previously shown to regulate AQP2 endocytosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The authors used native rat collecting ducts to show that inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated water permeability by epidermal growth factor involves a reduction of aquaporin 2 phosphorylation at Ser269, a consequence of reduced cAMP production and PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kavee Limbutara
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika R Kao
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jevin Z Clark
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ellen H Nein
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Guo X, Kong Y, Kwon TH, Li C, Wang W. Autophagy and regulation of aquaporins in the kidneys. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:676-685. [PMID: 37098672 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water molecules across cell membranes. To date, seven AQPs have been found to be expressed in mammal kidneys. The cellular localization and regulation of the transport properties of AQPs in the kidney have been widely investigated. Autophagy is known as a highly conserved lysosomal pathway, which degrades cytoplasmic components. Through basal autophagy, kidney cells maintain their functions and structure. As a part of the adaptive responses of the kidney, autophagy may be altered in response to stress conditions. Recent studies revealed that autophagic degradation of AQP2 in the kidney collecting ducts leads to impaired urine concentration in animal models with polyuria. Therefore, the modulation of autophagy could be a therapeutic approach to treat water balance disorders. However, as autophagy is either protective or deleterious, it is crucial to establish an optimal condition and therapeutic window where autophagy induction or inhibition could yield beneficial effects. Further studies are needed to understand both the regulation of autophagy and the interaction between AQPs and autophagy in the kidneys in renal diseases, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglun Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hagströmer CJ, Hyld Steffen J, Kreida S, Al-Jubair T, Frick A, Gourdon P, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Structural and functional analysis of aquaporin-2 mutants involved in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14674. [PMID: 37674034 PMCID: PMC10482962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are water channels found in the cell membrane, where they allow the passage of water molecules in and out of the cells. In the kidney collecting duct, arginine vasopressin-dependent trafficking of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) fine-tunes reabsorption of water from pre-urine, allowing precise regulation of the final urine volume. Point mutations in the gene for AQP2 may disturb this process and lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), whereby patients void large volumes of highly hypo-osmotic urine. In recessive NDI, mutants of AQP2 are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum due to misfolding. Here we describe the structural and functional characterization of three AQP2 mutations associated with recessive NDI: T125M and T126M, situated close to a glycosylation site and A147T in the transmembrane region. Using a proteoliposome assay, we show that all three mutants permit the transport of water. The crystal structures of T125M and T126M together with biophysical characterization of all three mutants support that they retain the native structure, but that there is a significant destabilization of A147T. Our work provides unique molecular insights into the mechanisms behind recessive NDI as well as deepens our understanding of how misfolded proteins are recognized by the ER quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Hyld Steffen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kreida
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tamim Al-Jubair
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Frick
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Park E, Yang CR, Raghuram V, Deshpande V, Datta A, Poll BG, Leo KT, Kikuchi H, Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Data resource: vasopressin-regulated protein phosphorylation sites in the collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F43-F55. [PMID: 36264882 PMCID: PMC9762968 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin controls renal water excretion through actions to regulate aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking, transcription, and degradation. These actions are in part dependent on vasopressin-induced phosphorylation changes in collecting duct cells. Although most efforts have focused on the phosphorylation of AQP2 itself, phosphoproteomic studies have identified many vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in proteins other than AQP2. The goal of this bioinformatics-based review is to create a compendium of vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites with a focus on those that are seen in both native rat inner medullary collecting ducts and cultured collecting duct cells from the mouse (mpkCCD), arguing that these sites are the best candidates for roles in AQP2 regulation. This analysis identified 51 vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in 45 proteins. We provide resource web pages at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/AVP-Phos/ and https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/AVP-Network/, listing the phosphorylation sites and describing annotated functions of each of the vasopressin-targeted phosphoproteins. Among these sites are 23 consensus protein kinase A (PKA) sites that are increased in response to vasopressin, consistent with a central role for PKA in vasopressin signaling. The remaining sites are predicted to be phosphorylated by other kinases, most notably ERK1/2, which accounts for decreased phosphorylation at sites with a X-p(S/T)-P-X motif. Additional protein kinases that undergo vasopressin-induced changes in phosphorylation are Camkk2, Cdk18, Erbb3, Mink1, and Src, which also may be activated directly or indirectly by PKA. The regulated phosphoproteins are mapped to processes that hypothetically can account for vasopressin-mediated control of AQP2 trafficking, cytoskeletal alterations, and Aqp2 gene expression, providing grist for future studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vasopressin regulates renal water excretion through control of the aquaporin-2 water channel in collecting duct cells. Studies of vasopressin-induced protein phosphorylation have focused mainly on the phosphorylation of aquaporin-2. This study describes 44 phosphoproteins other than aquaporin-2 that undergo vasopressin-mediated phosphorylation changes and summarizes potential physiological roles of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Venkatesh Deshpande
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arnab Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Xiong M, Li C, Wang W, Yang B. Protein Structure and Modification of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:15-38. [PMID: 36717484 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) allow water molecules and other small, neutral solutes to quickly pass through membrane. The protein structures of AQPs solved by crystallographic methods or cryo-electron microscopy technology show that AQP monomer consists of six membrane-spanning alpha-helices that form the central water-transporting pore. AQP monomers assemble to form tetramers, forming the functional units in the membrane, to transport water or other small molecules. The biological functions of AQPs are regulated by posttranslational modifications, e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, subcellular distribution, degradation and protein interactions. Modifications of AQP combined with structural properties contribute to a better functional mechanism of AQPs. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for AQP modifications as well as gating and transport properties proved to be fundamental to the development of new therapeutic targets or reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension and Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension and Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Ozu M, Alvear-Arias JJ, Fernandez M, Caviglia A, Peña-Pichicoi A, Carrillo C, Carmona E, Otero-Gonzalez A, Garate JA, Amodeo G, Gonzalez C. Aquaporin Gating: A New Twist to Unravel Permeation through Water Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12317. [PMID: 36293170 PMCID: PMC9604103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small transmembrane tetrameric proteins that facilitate water, solute and gas exchange. Their presence has been extensively reported in the biological membranes of almost all living organisms. Although their discovery is much more recent than ion transport systems, different biophysical approaches have contributed to confirm that permeation through each monomer is consistent with closed and open states, introducing the term gating mechanism into the field. The study of AQPs in their native membrane or overexpressed in heterologous systems have experimentally demonstrated that water membrane permeability can be reversibly modified in response to specific modulators. For some regulation mechanisms, such as pH changes, evidence for gating is also supported by high-resolution structures of the water channel in different configurations as well as molecular dynamics simulation. Both experimental and simulation approaches sustain that the rearrangement of conserved residues contributes to occlude the cavity of the channel restricting water permeation. Interestingly, specific charged and conserved residues are present in the environment of the pore and, thus, the tetrameric structure can be subjected to alter the positions of these charges to sustain gating. Thus, is it possible to explore whether the displacement of these charges (gating current) leads to conformational changes? To our knowledge, this question has not yet been addressed at all. In this review, we intend to analyze the suitability of this proposal for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ozu
- Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Juan José Alvear-Arias
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Agustín Caviglia
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Antonio Peña-Pichicoi
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Christian Carrillo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Emerson Carmona
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics Department and the Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Anselmo Otero-Gonzalez
- Center of Protein Study, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - José Antonio Garate
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of San Sebastian, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
- CONICET—Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology CONICET (IBBEA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences of Valparaiso, University of Valparaiso, CINV, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Scientific and Technologic Center of Excellence of Science and Life, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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10
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AQP2 trafficking in health and diseases: an updated overview. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Verzicco I, Tedeschi S, Graiani G, Bongrani A, Carnevali ML, Dancelli S, Zappa J, Mattei S, Bovino A, Cavazzini S, Rocco R, Calvi A, Palladini B, Volpi R, Cannone V, Coghi P, Borghetti A, Cabassi A. Evidence for a Prehypertensive Water Dysregulation Affecting the Development of Hypertension: Results of Very Early Treatment of Vasopressin V1 and V2 Antagonism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897244. [PMID: 35722114 PMCID: PMC9198251 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to long-term regulation of blood pressure (BP), in the kidney resides the initial trigger for hypertension development due to an altered capacity to excrete sodium and water. Betaine is one of the major organic osmolytes, and its betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (BGT-1) expression in the renal medulla relates to interstitial tonicity and urinary osmolality and volume. This study investigated altered water and sodium balance as well as changes in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity in female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats from their 3–5 weeks of age (prehypertensive phase) to SHR’s 28–30 weeks of age (established hypertension-organ damage). Young prehypertensive SHRs showed a reduced daily urine output, an elevated urine osmolarity, and higher immunostaining of tubule BGT-1, alpha-1-Na-K ATPase in the outer medulla vs. age-matched WKY. ADH circulating levels were not different between young prehypertensive SHR and WKY, but the urine aquaporin2 (AQP2)/creatinine ratio and labeling of AQP2 in the collecting duct were increased. At 28–30 weeks, hypertensive SHR with moderate renal failure did not show any difference in urinary osmolarity, urine AQP2/creatinine ratio, tubule BGT-1, and alpha-1-Na-K ATPase as compared with WKY. These results suggest an increased sensitivity to ADH in prehypertensive female SHR. On this basis, a second series of experiments were set to study the role of ADH V1 and V2 receptors in the development of hypertension, and a group of female prehypertensive SHRs were treated from the 25th to 49th day of age with either V1 (OPC21268) or V2 (OPC 41061) receptor antagonists to evaluate the BP time course. OPC 41061-treated SHRs had a delayed development of hypertension for 5 weeks without effect in OPC 21268-treated SHRs. In prehypertensive female SHR, an increased renal ADH sensitivity is crucial for the development of hypertension by favoring a positive water balance. Early treatment with selective V2 antagonism delays future hypertension development in young SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Verzicco
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Tedeschi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Histology and Histopathology Unit and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dental School Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Bongrani
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Carnevali
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Dancelli
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jessica Zappa
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Mattei
- Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda USL – Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Achiropita Bovino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale Fidenza, Azienda USL Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Cavazzini
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, DIMEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rossana Rocco
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Calvi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Palladini
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Volpi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Cannone
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Coghi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberico Borghetti
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Aderville Cabassi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aderville Cabassi,
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12
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Yang HH, Su SH, Ho CH, Yeh AH, Lin YJ, Yu MJ. Glucocorticoid Receptor Maintains Vasopressin Responses in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:816959. [PMID: 35685285 PMCID: PMC9173664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.816959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated in part by the amount of the molecular water channel protein aquaporin-2 (AQP2), whose expression, in turn, is regulated by the pituitary peptide hormone vasopressin. We previously showed that stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown diminished the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression in the collecting duct cell model mpkCCD. Here, we investigated the pathways regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor by comparing transcriptomes of the mpkCCD cells with or without stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown downregulated 5,394 transcripts associated with 55 KEGG pathways including "vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption," indicative of positive regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the vasopressin V2 receptor transcript upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown upregulated 3,785 transcripts associated with 42 KEGG pathways including the "TNF signaling pathway" and "TGFβ signaling pathway," suggesting the negative regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of TNF and TGFβ receptor transcripts upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. TNF or TGFβ inhibitor alone, in the absence of vasopressin, did not induce Aqp2 gene transcription. However, TNF or TGFβ blunted the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. In particular, TGFβ reduced vasopressin-induced increases in Akt phosphorylation without inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or interfering with vasopressin-induced apical AQP2 trafficking. In summary, our RNA-seq transcriptomic comparison revealed positive and negative regulatory pathways maintained by the glucocorticoid receptor for the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Pravikova PD, Ivanova LN. Analysis of Dopamine D1- and D2-Receptors Effect on Renal Osmoregulatory Function in Rats with Different Blood Vasopressin Level. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Markou A, Unger L, Abir-Awan M, Saadallah A, Halsey A, Balklava Z, Conner M, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Greenhill SD, Conner A, Bill RM, Salman MM, Kitchen P. Molecular mechanisms governing aquaporin relocalisation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183853. [PMID: 34973181 PMCID: PMC8825993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) form a family of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water across biological membrane by osmosis, as well as facilitating the diffusion of small polar solutes. AQPs have been recognised as drug targets for a variety of disorders associated with disrupted water or solute transport, including brain oedema following stroke or trauma, epilepsy, cancer cell migration and tumour angiogenesis, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. Despite this, drug discovery for AQPs has made little progress due to a lack of reproducible high-throughput assays and difficulties with the druggability of AQP proteins. However, recent studies have suggested that targetting the trafficking of AQP proteins to the plasma membrane is a viable alternative drug target to direct inhibition of the water-conducting pore. Here we review the literature on the trafficking of mammalian AQPs with a view to highlighting potential new drug targets for a variety of conditions associated with disrupted water and solute homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markou
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mohammed Abir-Awan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ahmed Saadallah
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrea Halsey
- MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zita Balklava
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Matthew Conner
- School of Sciences, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Stuart D Greenhill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alex Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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15
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Shao L, Ma Y, Fang Q, Huang Z, Wan S, Wang J, Yang L. Role of protein phosphatase 2A in kidney disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1236. [PMID: 34539832 PMCID: PMC8438693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease affects millions of people worldwide and is a financial burden on the healthcare system. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is involved in renal development and the function of ion-transport proteins, aquaporin-2 and podocytes, is likely to serve an important role in renal processes. PP2A is associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of different kidney diseases including podocyte injury, inflammation, tumors and chronic kidney disease. The current review aimed to discuss the structure and function of PP2A subunits in the context of kidney diseases. How dysregulation of PP2A in the kidneys causes podocyte death and the inactivation of PP2A in renal carcinoma tissues is discussed. Inhibition of PP2A activity prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuates renal fibrosis, creating a favorable inflammatory microenvironment and promoting the initiation and progression of tumor pathogenesis. The current review also indicates that PP2A serves an important role in protection against renal inflammation. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of PP2A provides information that can be utilized in the design and application of novel therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Shao
- Department of Radiology, Kunming Medical University and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Ma
- Department of Radiology, Kunming Medical University and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ziye Huang
- Department of Urology, Kunming Medical University and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Kun-Gang Hospital, Anning, Yunnan 650300, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Kunming Medical University and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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16
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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17
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Quintana JF, Bueren-Calabuig J, Zuccotto F, de Koning HP, Horn D, Field MC. Instability of aquaglyceroporin (AQP) 2 contributes to drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008458. [PMID: 32644992 PMCID: PMC7413563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining mode of action is vital for both developing new drugs and predicting potential resistance mechanisms. Sensitivity of African trypanosomes to pentamidine and melarsoprol is predominantly mediated by aquaglyceroporin 2 (TbAQP2), a channel associated with water/glycerol transport. TbAQP2 is expressed at the flagellar pocket membrane and chimerisation with TbAQP3 renders parasites resistant to both drugs. Two models for how TbAQP2 mediates pentamidine sensitivity have emerged; that TbAQP2 mediates pentamidine translocation across the plasma membrane or via binding to TbAQP2, with subsequent endocytosis and presumably transport across the endosomal/lysosomal membrane, but as trafficking and regulation of TbAQPs is uncharacterised this remains unresolved. We demonstrate that TbAQP2 is organised as a high order complex, is ubiquitylated and is transported to the lysosome. Unexpectedly, mutation of potential ubiquitin conjugation sites, i.e. cytoplasmic-oriented lysine residues, reduced folding and tetramerization efficiency and triggered ER retention. Moreover, TbAQP2/TbAQP3 chimerisation, as observed in pentamidine-resistant parasites, also leads to impaired oligomerisation, mislocalisation and increased turnover. These data suggest that TbAQP2 stability is highly sensitive to mutation and that instability contributes towards the emergence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Quintana
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Bueren-Calabuig
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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18
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Fenton RA, Murali SK, Moeller HB. Advances in aquaporin-2 trafficking mechanisms and their implications for treatment of water balance disorders. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1-C10. [PMID: 32432927 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, conservation of body water is critical for survival and is dependent on the kidneys' ability to minimize water loss in the urine during periods of water deprivation. The collecting duct water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) plays an essential role in this homeostatic response by facilitating water reabsorption along osmotic gradients. The ability to increase the levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane following an increase in plasma osmolality is a rate-limiting step in water reabsorption, a process that is tightly regulated by the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). In this review, the focus is on the role of the carboxyl-terminus of AQP2 as a key regulatory point for AQP2 trafficking. We provide an overview of AQP2 structure, disease-causing mutations in the AQP2 carboxyl-terminus, the role of posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation in the tail domain, and their implications for balanced trafficking of AQP2. Finally, we discuss how various modifications of the AQP2 tail facilitate selective protein-protein interactions that modulate the AQP2 trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne B Moeller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Chen Z, Zhuang J, Yang Q, Yang J, Wang D, Yu L, Chen M. Direct effect of protein kinase A on four putative phosphorylation sites of aquaporin 2 in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:505-511. [PMID: 32113684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) has four phosphorylation sites at Ser256, Ser261, Ser264, and Ser269 in the C-terminus and these sites are important for AQP2 bioactivity. However, the exact role of each phosphorylation site still remains unclear. In this study, we generated unique AQP2 mutants in which we eliminated three phosphorylation sites but maintained only one site at the C-terminal end. The AQP2 phosphorylation of each single site by protein kinase A (PKA) was examined by in vitro translation and 32P incorporation. The ability of AQP2 trafficking to the cell membrane was evaluated by cell surface biotinylation. Among the four phosphorylation sites, AQP2 mutant with only S256 preserved the most ability of AQP2 to cell membrane expression. The AQP2 water permeability was measured in oocyte. Ser256 is the most important site for AQP2 function. Interestingly, Ser261 and Ser264 significantly inhibit AQP2 activity. Ser269 slightly but not statistically reduced AQP2 activity. Our data suggest that the four phosphorylation sites execute differential roles in concert in AQP2 functional regulation. AQP2 activity regulated by phosphorylation at Ser256 can be counterbalanced by phosphorylation at Ser261 and Ser264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jieqiu Zhuang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jianhuan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dexuan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Linfang Yu
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Minguang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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20
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 18 Controls Trafficking of Aquaporin-2 and Its Abundance through Ubiquitin Ligase STUB1, Which Functions as an AKAP. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030673. [PMID: 32164329 PMCID: PMC7140648 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) facilitates water reabsorption in renal collecting duct principal cells through regulation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). The hormone binds to vasopressin V2 receptors (V2R) on the surface of the cells and stimulates cAMP synthesis. The cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which initiates signaling that causes an accumulation of AQP2 in the plasma membrane of the cells facilitating water reabsorption from primary urine and fine-tuning of body water homeostasis. AVP-mediated PKA activation also causes an increase in the AQP2 protein abundance through a mechanism that involves dephosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 261 and a decrease in its poly-ubiquitination. However, the signaling downstream of PKA that controls the localization and abundance of AQP2 is incompletely understood. We carried out an siRNA screen targeting 719 kinase-related genes, representing the majority of the kinases of the human genome and analyzed the effect of the knockdown on AQP2 by high-content imaging and biochemical approaches. The screening identified 13 hits whose knockdown inhibited the AQP2 accumulation in the plasma membrane. Amongst the candidates was the so far hardly characterized cyclin-dependent kinase 18 (CDK18). Our further analysis revealed a hitherto unrecognized signalosome comprising CDK18, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, STUB1 (CHIP), PKA and AQP2 that controls the localization and abundance of AQP2. CDK18 controls AQP2 through phosphorylation at serine 261 and STUB1-mediated ubiquitination. STUB1 functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) tethering PKA to the protein complex and bridging AQP2 and CDK18. The modulation of the protein complex may lead to novel concepts for the treatment of disorders which are caused or are associated with dysregulated AQP2 and for which a satisfactory treatment is not available, e.g., hyponatremia, liver cirrhosis, diabetes insipidus, ADPKD or heart failure.
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21
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Tamma G, Valenti G. Calcium sensing receptor exerts a negative regulatory action toward vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking in renal collecting duct. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:289-310. [PMID: 32061345 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the regulation of water homeostasis by its antidiuretic action on the kidney, mediated by V2 receptors. An increase in plasma sodium concentration stimulates AVP release, which in turn promotes water reabsorption. Upon binding to the V2 receptors in the renal collecting duct, AVP induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels and subsequent water reabsorption. AVP regulates two independent mechanisms: the short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking and long-term regulation of the total abundance of the AQP2 protein in the cells. On the other hand, several hormones, acting through specific receptors, have been reported to antagonize AVP-mediated water transport in kidney. In this respect, we previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term AVP-induced AQP2 trafficking through activation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR). This effect is due to reduction of AVP-dependent cAMP generation and possibly hydrolysis. Moreover, CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance both via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 and the proteasomal degradation pathway. This chapter summarizes recent data elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological role of the CaSR-dependent regulation of AQP2 expression and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Törnroth-Horsefield S. Phosphorylation of human AQP2 and its role in trafficking. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 112:95-117. [PMID: 32061351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a membrane-bound water channel found in the kidney collecting duct whose regulation by trafficking plays a key role in regulating urine volume. AQP2 trafficking is tightly controlled by the pituitary hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), which stimulates translocation of AQP2 residing in storage vesicles to the apical membrane. The AVP-dependent translocation of AQP2 to and from the apical membrane is controlled by multiple phosphorylation sites in the AQP2 C-terminus, the phosphorylation of which alters its affinity to proteins within the cellular membrane protein trafficking machinery. The aim of this chapter is to provide a summary of what is currently known about AVP-mediated AQP2 trafficking, dissecting the roles of individual phosphorylation sites, kinases and phosphatases and interacting proteins. From this, the picture of an immensely complex process emerges, of which many structural and molecular details remains to be elucidated.
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Nooh MM, Kale A, Bahouth SW. Involvement of PDZ-SAP97 interactions in regulating AQP2 translocation in response to vasopressin in LLC-PK 1 cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F375-F387. [PMID: 31141395 PMCID: PMC6732448 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00228.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-mediated translocation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) protein-forming water channels from storage vesicles to the membrane of renal collecting ducts is critical for the renal conservation of water. The type-1 PDZ-binding motif (PBM) in AQP2, "GTKA," is a critical barcode for its translocation, but its precise role and that of its interacting protein partners in this process remain obscure. We determined that synapse-associated protein-97 (SAP97), a membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein involved in establishing epithelial cell polarity, was an avid binding partner to the PBM of AQP2. The role of PBM and SAP97 on AQP2 redistribution in response to AVP was assessed in LLC-PK1 renal collecting cells by confocal microscopy and cell surface biotinylation techniques. These experiments indicated that distribution of AQP2 and SAP97 overlapped in the kidneys and LLC-PK1 cells and that knockdown of SAP97 inhibited the translocation of AQP2 in response to AVP. Binding between AQP2 and SAP97 was mediated by specific interactions between the second PDZ of SAP97 and PBM of AQP2. Mechanistically, inactivation of the PBM of AQP2, global delocalization of PKA, or knockdown of SAP97 inhibited AQP2 translocation as well as AVP- and forskolin-mediated phosphorylation of Ser256 in AQP2, which serves as the major translocation barcode of AQP2. These results suggest that the targeting of PKA to the microdomain of AQP2 via SAP97-AQP2 interactions in association with cross-talk between two barcodes in AQP2, namely, the PBM and phospho-Ser256, plays an important role in the translocation of AQP2 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ajay Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Suleiman W Bahouth
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Holst MR, Nejsum LN. A versatile aquaporin-2 cell system for quantitative temporal expression and live cell imaging. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F124-F132. [PMID: 31091121 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00150.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) fine tunes urine concentration in response to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. In addition, AQP2 has been suggested to promote cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. A cell system allowing temporal and quantitative control of expression levels of AQP2 and phospho-mimicking mutants has been missing, as has a system allowing expression of fluorescently tagged AQP2 for time-lapse imaging. In the present study, we generated and validated a Flp-In T-REx Madin-Darby canine kidney cell system for temporal and quantitative control of AQP2 and phospho-mimicking mutants. We verified that expression levels can be temporally and quantitatively controlled and that AQP2 translocated to the plasma membrane in response to elevated cAMP, which also induced S256 phosphorylation. The phospho-mimicking mutants AQP2-S256A and AQP2-S256D localized as previously described, primarily intracellular and to the plasma membrane, respectively. Induction of AQP2 expression in combination with transient, low expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged AQP2 enabled expression without aggregation and correct translocation in response to elevated cAMP. Interestingly, time-lapse imaging revealed AQP2-containing tubulating endosomes and that tubulation significantly decreased 30 min after cAMP elevation. This was mirrored by the phospho-mimicking mutants AQP2-S256A and AQP2-S256D, where AQP2-S256A-containing endosomes tubulated, whereas AQP2-S256D-containing endosomes did not. Thus, this cell system enables a multitude of cell-based assays warranted to provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of AQP2 regulation and effects on cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel R Holst
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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The Deubiquitylase USP4 Interacts with the Water Channel AQP2 to Modulate Its Apical Membrane Accumulation and Cellular Abundance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030265. [PMID: 30901874 PMCID: PMC6468601 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) mediates the osmotic water permeability of the kidney collecting duct in response to arginine vasopressin (VP) and is essential for body water homeostasis. VP effects on AQP2 occur via long-term alterations in AQP2 abundance and short-term changes in AQP2 localization. Several of the effects of VP on AQP2 are dependent on AQP2 phosphorylation and ubiquitylation; post-translational modifications (PTM) that modulate AQP2 subcellular distribution and function. Although several protein kinases, phosphatases, and ubiquitin E3 ligases have been implicated in AQP2 PTM, how AQP2 is deubiquitylated or the role of deubiquitylases (DUBS) in AQP2 function is unknown. Here, we report a novel role of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP4 in modulating AQP2 function. USP4 co-localized with AQP2 in the mouse kidney, and in mpkCCD14 cells USP4 and AQP2 abundance are increased by VP. AQP2 and USP4 co-immunoprecipitated from mpkCCD14 cells and mouse kidney, and in vitro, USP4 can deubiquitylate AQP2. In mpkCCD14 cells, shRNA mediated knockdown of USP4 decreased AQP2 protein abundance, whereas no changes in AQP2 mRNA levels or VP-induced cAMP production were detected. VP-induced AQP2 membrane accumulation in knockdown cells was significantly reduced, which was associated with higher levels of ubiquitylated AQP2. AQP2 protein half-life was also significantly reduced in USP4 knockdown cells. Taken together, the data suggest that USP4 is a key regulator of AQP2 deubiquitylation and that loss of USP4 leads to increased AQP2 ubiquitylation, decreased AQP2 levels, and decreased cell surface AQP2 accumulation upon VP treatment. These studies have implications for understanding body water homeostasis.
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Kim WY, Nam SA, Choi A, Kim YM, Park SH, Kim HL, Kim H, Han KH, Yang CW, Lee MS, Kim YK, Kim J. Atg7-dependent canonical autophagy regulates the degradation of aquaporin 2 in prolonged hypokalemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3021. [PMID: 30816234 PMCID: PMC6395725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hypokalemia induces a decrease of urinary concentrating ability via down-regulation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2); however, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. To investigate the role of autophagy in the degradation of AQP2, we generated the principal cell-specific Atg7 deletion (Atg7Δpc) mice. In hypokalemic Atg7-floxed (Atg7f/f) mice, huge irregular shaped LC3-positive autophagic vacuoles accumulated mainly in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Total- and pS261-AQP2 were redistributed from apical and subapical domains into these vacuoles, which were not co-localized with RAB9. However, in the IMCD cells of hypokalemic Atg7Δpc mice, these canonical autophagic vacuoles were markedly reduced, whereas numerous small regular shaped LC3-negative/RAB9-positive non-canonical autophagic vacuoles were observed along with diffusely distributed total- and pS261-AQP2 in the cytoplasm. The immunoreactivity of pS256-AQP2 in the apical membrane of IMCD cells was markedly decreased, and no redistribution was observed in both hypokalemic Atg7f/f and Atg7Δpc mice. These findings suggest that AQP2 down regulation in hypokalemia was induced by reduced phosphorylation of AQP2, resulting in a reduction of apical plasma labeling of pS256-AQP2 and degradation of total- and pS261-AQP2 via an LC3/ATG7-dependent canonical autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arum Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research of Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Michałek K, Grabowska M, Lepczyński A. Cellular localization and putative role of aquaporin-2 Ser-261 in the bovine kidney. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/103815/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nesverova V, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Mammalian Aquaporins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020082. [PMID: 30678081 PMCID: PMC6406877 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water homeostasis is fundamental for cell survival. Transport of water across cellular membranes is governed by aquaporins—tetrameric integral membrane channels that are highly conserved throughout the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. In eukaryotes, specific regulation of these channels is required and is most commonly carried out by shuttling the protein between cellular compartments (trafficking) or by opening and closing the channel (gating). Structural and functional studies have revealed phosphorylation as a ubiquitous mechanism in aquaporin regulation by both regulatory processes. In this review we summarize what is currently known about the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of mammalian aquaporins. Focusing on the water-specific aquaporins (AQP0–AQP5), we discuss how gating and trafficking are controlled by phosphorylation and how phosphorylation affects the binding of aquaporins to regulatory proteins, thereby highlighting structural details and dissecting the contribution of individual phosphorylated residues when possible. Our aim is to provide an overview of the mechanisms behind how aquaporin phosphorylation controls cellular water balance and to identify key areas where further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Nesverova
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Rinschen MM, Limbutara K, Knepper MA, Payne DM, Pisitkun T. From Molecules to Mechanisms: Functional Proteomics and Its Application to Renal Tubule Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2571-2606. [PMID: 30182799 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00057.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical physiological studies using electrophysiological, biophysical, biochemical, and molecular techniques have created a detailed picture of molecular transport, bioenergetics, contractility and movement, and growth, as well as the regulation of these processes by external stimuli in cells and organisms. Newer systems biology approaches are beginning to provide deeper and broader understanding of these complex biological processes and their dynamic responses to a variety of environmental cues. In the past decade, advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies have provided invaluable tools to further elucidate these complex cellular processes, thereby confirming, complementing, and advancing common views of physiology. As one notable example, the application of proteomics to study the regulation of kidney function has yielded novel insights into the chemical and physical processes that tightly control body fluids, electrolytes, and metabolites to provide optimal microenvironments for various cellular and organ functions. Here, we systematically review, summarize, and discuss the most significant key findings from functional proteomic studies in renal epithelial physiology. We also identify further improvements in technological and bioinformatics methods that will be essential to advance precision medicine in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand ; Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ; and Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kavee Limbutara
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand ; Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ; and Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand ; Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ; and Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - D Michael Payne
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand ; Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ; and Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany ; Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand ; Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ; and Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Feng J, Chen Y, Yan S, Wen L, Guo X, Wen Y, Wen JG. The relationship between Aquaporin-2 protein levels in amniotic fluid and the fetal kidney in humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:585-589. [PMID: 30366672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is an important water channel protein that is expressed in the renal collecting duct and plays a key role in urine concentration and body water homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that the urinary excretion of AQP2 correlates strongly with its expression in the kidney in adult humans and rats. However, there have been no studies on the urinary excretion of AQP2 in human fetuses during development. Fetal urine is the main source of the amniotic fluid; we speculate that the level of AQP2 in the amniotic fluid could reflect the expression level of the AQP2 protein in the fetal kidney. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between AQP2 in the amniotic fluid and that in the fetal kidney. METHODS In the present study, the concentration of the AQP2 protein in human amniotic fluid was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its expression level in human fetal kidneys were examined by wastern blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Both the expression level of AQP2 in the fetal kidney (F = 195.9, P < 0.001) and the concentration of AQP2 in the amniotic fluid increased with gestational age (F = 1098, P < 0.001). Moreover, the concentration of AQP2 in the amniotic fluid was positively correlated with its expression level in the fetal kidney (r = 0.872, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates that AQP2 levels in the amniotic fluid may be used as a marker for AQP2 expression in the fetal kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Feng
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yibo Wen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jian Guo Wen
- Department of Pediatric Urodynamic Center& Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Bijkerk R, Trimpert C, van Solingen C, de Bruin RG, Florijn BW, Kooijman S, van den Berg R, van der Veer EP, Bredewold EOW, Rensen PCN, Rabelink TJ, Humphreys BD, Deen PMT, van Zonneveld AJ. MicroRNA-132 controls water homeostasis through regulating MECP2-mediated vasopressin synthesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1129-F1138. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00087.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the body’s water balance is regulated by vasopressin (AVP), which induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels and subsequent water reabsorption in the kidney. Here we demonstrate that silencing of microRNA-132 (miR-132) in mice causes severe weight loss due to acute diuresis coinciding with increased plasma osmolality, reduced renal total and plasma membrane expression of aquaporin-2, and abrogated increase in AVP levels. Infusion with synthetic AVP fully reversed the antagomir-132-induced diuresis, and low-dose intracerebroventricular administration of antagomir-132 similarly caused acute diuresis. Central and intracerebroventricular antagomir-132 injection both decreased hypothalamic AVP mRNA levels. At the molecular level, antagomir-132 increased the in vivo and in vitro mRNA expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MECP2), which is a miR-132 target and which blocks AVP gene expression by binding its enhancer region. In line with this, treatment of hypothalamic N6 cells with a high-salt solution increased its miR-132 levels, whereas it attenuated endogenous Mecp2 mRNA levels. In conclusion, we identified miR-132 as a first miRNA regulating the osmotic balance by regulating the hypothalamic AVP gene mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Trimpert
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen van Solingen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ruben G. de Bruin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barend W. Florijn
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P. van der Veer
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin O. W. Bredewold
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter M. T. Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Quintana JF, Pino RCD, Yamada K, Zhang N. Adaptation and Therapeutic Exploitation of the Plasma Membrane of African Trypanosomes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E368. [PMID: 30037058 PMCID: PMC6071061 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes are highly divergent from their metazoan hosts, and as part of adaptation to a parasitic life style have developed a unique endomembrane system. The key virulence mechanism of many pathogens is successful immune evasion, to enable survival within a host, a feature that requires both genetic events and membrane transport mechanisms in African trypanosomes. Intracellular trafficking not only plays a role in immune evasion, but also in homeostasis of intracellular and extracellular compartments and interactions with the environment. Significantly, historical and recent work has unraveled some of the connections between these processes and highlighted how immune evasion mechanisms that are associated with adaptations to membrane trafficking may have, paradoxically, provided specific sensitivity to drugs. Here, we explore these advances in understanding the membrane composition of the trypanosome plasma membrane and organelles and provide a perspective for how transport could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Quintana
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | | | - Kayo Yamada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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Hyndman KA, Yang CR, Jung HJ, Umejiego EN, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Proteomic determination of the lysine acetylome and phosphoproteome in the rat native inner medullary collecting duct. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:669-679. [PMID: 29932826 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation and lysine (K)-acetylation are dynamic posttranslational modifications of proteins. Previous proteomic studies have identified over 170,000 phosphorylation sites and 15,000 K-acetylation sites in mammals. We recently reported that the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), which functions in the regulation of water-reabsorption, via the actions of vasopressin, expresses many of the enzymes that can modulated K-acetylation. The purpose of this study was to determine the K-acetylated or phosphorylated proteins expressed in IMCD cells. Second we questioned whether vasopressin V2 receptor activation significantly affects the IMCD acetylome or phosphoproteome? K-acetylated or serine-, threonine-, or tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides were identified from native rat IMCDs by proteomic analysis with four different enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, ASP-N, or Glu-C) to generate a high-resolution proteome. K-acetylation was identified in 431 unique proteins, and 64% of the K-acetylated sites were novel. The acetylated proteins were expressed in all compartments of the cell and were enriched in pathways including glycolysis and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption. In the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption pathway, eight proteins were acetylated, including the novel identification of the basolateral water channel, AQP3, acetylated at K282; 215 proteins were phosphorylated in this IMCD cohort, including AQP2 peptides that were phosphorylated at four serines: 256, 261, 264, and 269. Acute dDAVP did not significantly affect the IMCD acetylome; however, it did significantly affect previously known vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites. In conclusion, presence of K-acetylated proteins involved in metabolism, ion, and water transport in the IMCD points to multiple roles of K-acetylation beyond its canonical role in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hyndman
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ezigbobiara N Umejiego
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Ling Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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Aquaporin Membrane Channels in Oxidative Stress, Cell Signaling, and Aging: Recent Advances and Research Trends. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1501847. [PMID: 29770164 PMCID: PMC5892239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1501847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a result of aerobic metabolism and as by-products through numerous physiological and biochemical processes. While ROS-dependent modifications are fundamental in transducing intracellular signals controlling pleiotropic functions, imbalanced ROS can cause oxidative damage, eventually leading to many chronic diseases. Moreover, increased ROS and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are main key factors in dysfunctions underlying aging, frailty, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Extensive investigation aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of ROS and NO, providing novel insights into the current medical treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases of high epidemiological impact. This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. The most recent advances regarding the modulation exerted by food phytocompounds with antioxidant action on AQPs are also reviewed.
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Laloux T, Junqueira B, Maistriaux LC, Ahmed J, Jurkiewicz A, Chaumont F. Plant and Mammal Aquaporins: Same but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E521. [PMID: 29419811 PMCID: PMC5855743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute an ancient and diverse protein family present in all living organisms, indicating a common ancient ancestor. However, during evolution, these organisms appear and evolve differently, leading to different cell organizations and physiological processes. Amongst the eukaryotes, an important distinction between plants and animals is evident, the most conspicuous difference being that plants are sessile organisms facing ever-changing environmental conditions. In addition, plants are mostly autotrophic, being able to synthesize carbohydrates molecules from the carbon dioxide in the air during the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight as an energy source. It is therefore interesting to analyze how, in these different contexts specific to both kingdoms of life, AQP function and regulation evolved. This review aims at highlighting similarities and differences between plant and mammal AQPs. Emphasis is given to the comparison of isoform numbers, their substrate selectivity, the regulation of the subcellular localization, and the channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Laloux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Bruna Junqueira
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Jurkiewicz
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
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Schrade K, Tröger J, Eldahshan A, Zühlke K, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Neuenschwander M, Oder A, Elkewedi M, Jaksch S, Andrae K, Li J, Fernandes J, Müller PM, Grunwald S, Marino SF, Vukićević T, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Weber M, Kapiloff M, Rocks O, Daumke O, Wieland T, Knapp S, von Kries JP, Klussmann E. An AKAP-Lbc-RhoA interaction inhibitor promotes the translocation of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191423. [PMID: 29373579 PMCID: PMC5786306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of renal collecting duct principal cells with antidiuretic hormone (arginine-vasopressin, AVP) results in inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA and the enrichment of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the plasma membrane. The membrane insertion facilitates water reabsorption from primary urine and fine-tuning of body water homeostasis. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with RhoA, catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP and thereby activate the GTPase. However, GEFs involved in the control of AQP2 in renal principal cells are unknown. The A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP-Lbc, possesses GEF activity, specifically activates RhoA, and is expressed in primary renal inner medullary collecting duct principal (IMCD) cells. Through screening of 18,431 small molecules and synthesis of a focused library around one of the hits, we identified an inhibitor of the interaction of AKAP-Lbc and RhoA. This molecule, Scaff10-8, bound to RhoA, inhibited the AKAP-Lbc-mediated RhoA activation but did not interfere with RhoA activation through other GEFs or activities of other members of the Rho family of small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42. Scaff10-8 promoted the redistribution of AQP2 from intracellular vesicles to the periphery of IMCD cells. Thus, our data demonstrate an involvement of AKAP-Lbc-mediated RhoA activation in the control of AQP2 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schrade
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Tröger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Adeeb Eldahshan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Zühlke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Jaksch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jinliang Li
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Markus Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Grunwald
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen F. Marino
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kapiloff
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Oliver Rocks
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- DKTK (German Cancer Center Network), partner site Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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38
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Roche JV, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Aquaporin Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112255. [PMID: 29077056 PMCID: PMC5713225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are tetrameric membrane-bound channels that facilitate transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes. In eukaryotes, they are frequently regulated by gating or trafficking, allowing for the cell to control membrane permeability in a specific manner. Protein–protein interactions play crucial roles in both regulatory processes and also mediate alternative functions such as cell adhesion. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about aquaporin protein–protein interactions; dividing the interactions into three types: (1) interactions between aquaporin tetramers; (2) interactions between aquaporin monomers within a tetramer (hetero-tetramerization); and (3) transient interactions with regulatory proteins. We particularly focus on the structural aspects of the interactions, discussing the small differences within a conserved overall fold that allow for aquaporins to be differentially regulated in an organism-, tissue- and trigger-specific manner. A deep knowledge about these differences is needed to fully understand aquaporin function and regulation in many physiological processes, and may enable design of compounds targeting specific aquaporins for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Virginia Roche
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Lin Y, Zhang T, Feng P, Qiu M, Liu Q, Li S, Zheng P, Kong Y, Levi M, Li C, Wang W. Aliskiren increases aquaporin-2 expression and attenuates lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F914-F925. [PMID: 28228402 PMCID: PMC6148297 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00553.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren has been shown to be retained and persist in medullary collecting ducts even after treatment is discontinued, suggesting a new mechanism of action for this drug. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether aliskiren regulates renal aquaporin expression in the collecting ducts and improves urinary concentrating defect induced by lithium in mice. The mice were fed with either normal chow or LiCl diet (40 mmol·kg dry food-1·day-1 for 4 days and 20 mmol·kg dry food-1·day-1 for the last 3 days) for 7 days. Some mice were intraperitoneally injected with aliskiren (50 mg·kg body wt-1·day-1 in saline). Aliskiren significantly increased protein abundance of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the kidney inner medulla in mice. In inner medulla collecting duct cell suspension, aliskiren markedly increased AQP2 and phosphorylated AQP2 at serine 256 (pS256-AQP2) protein abundance, which was significantly inhibited both by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL-12330A and by PKA inhibitor H89, indicating an involvement of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in aliskiren-induced increased AQP2 expression. Aliskiren treatment improved urinary concentrating defect in lithium-treated mice and partially prevented the decrease of AQP2 and pS256-AQP2 protein abundance in the inner medulla of the kidney. In conclusion, the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren upregulates AQP2 protein expression in inner medullary collecting duct principal cells and prevents lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus likely via cAMP-PKA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiezheng Zhang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojuan Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suchun Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peili Zheng
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglun Kong
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension and Renal Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;
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Cheung PW, Ueberdiek L, Day J, Bouley R, Brown D. Protein phosphatase 2C is responsible for VP-induced dephosphorylation of AQP2 serine 261. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F404-F413. [PMID: 28381458 PMCID: PMC5582913 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) trafficking is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of serine residues in the AQP2 COOH terminus. Vasopressin (VP) binding to its receptor (V2R) leads to a cascade of events that result in phosphorylation of serine 256 (S256), S264, and S269, but dephosphorylation of S261. To identify which phosphatase is responsible for VP-induced S261 dephosphorylation, we pretreated cells with different phosphatase inhibitors before VP stimulation. Sanguinarine, a specific protein phosphatase (PP) 2C inhibitor, but not inhibitors of PP1, PP2A (okadaic acid), or PP2B (cyclosporine), abolished VP-induced S261 dephosphorylation. However, sanguinarine and VP significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK, a kinase that can phosphorylate S261; inhibition of ERK by PD98059 partially decreased baseline S261 phosphorylation. These data support a role of ERK in S261 phosphorylation but suggest that, upon VP treatment, increased phosphatase activity overcomes the increase in ERK activity, resulting in overall dephosphorylation of S261. We also found that sanguinarine abolished VP-induced S261 dephosphorylation in cells expressing mutated AQP2 S256A, suggesting that the phosphorylation state of S261 is independent of S256. Sanguinarine alone did not induce AQP2 membrane trafficking, nor did it inhibit VP-induced AQP2 membrane accumulation in cells and kidney tissues, suggesting that S261 does not play an observable role in acute AQP2 membrane accumulation. In conclusion, PP2C activity is required for S261 AQP2 dephosphorylation upon VP stimulation, which occurs independently of S256 phosphorylation. Understanding the pathways involved in modulating PP2C will help elucidate the role of S261 in cellular events involving AQP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui W Cheung
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Ueberdiek
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Day
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Bouley
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Roche JV, Survery S, Kreida S, Nesverova V, Ampah-Korsah H, Gourdon M, Deen PMT, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Phosphorylation of human aquaporin 2 (AQP2) allosterically controls its interaction with the lysosomal trafficking protein LIP5. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14636-14648. [PMID: 28710278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the renal water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and the lysosomal trafficking regulator-interacting protein LIP5 targets AQP2 to multivesicular bodies and facilitates lysosomal degradation. This interaction is part of a process that controls AQP2 apical membrane abundance in a vasopressin-dependent manner, allowing for urine volume adjustment. Vasopressin regulates phosphorylation at four sites within the AQP2 C terminus (Ser256, Ser261, Ser264, and Thr269), of which Ser256 is crucial and sufficient for AQP2 translocation from storage vesicles to the apical membrane. However, whether AQP2 phosphorylation modulates AQP2-LIP5 complex affinity is unknown. Here we used far-Western blot analysis and microscale thermophoresis to show that the AQP2 binds LIP5 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We constructed five phospho-mimicking mutants (S256E, S261E, S264E, T269E, and S256E/T269E) and a C-terminal truncation mutant (ΔP242) that lacked all phosphorylation sites but retained a previously suggested LIP5-binding site. CD spectroscopy indicated that wild-type AQP2 and the phospho-mimicking mutants had similar overall structure but displayed differences in melting temperatures possibly arising from C-terminal conformational changes. Non-phosphorylated AQP2 bound LIP5 with the highest affinity, whereas AQP2-ΔP242 had 20-fold lower affinity as determined by microscale thermophoresis. AQP2-S256E, S261E, T269E, and S256E/T269E all had reduced affinity. This effect was most prominent for AQP2-S256E, which fits well with its role in apical membrane targeting. AQP2-S264E had affinity similar to non-phosphorylated AQP2, possibly indicating a role in exosome excretion. Our data suggest that AQP2 phosphorylation allosterically controls its interaction with LIP5, illustrating how altered affinities to interacting proteins form the basis for regulation of AQP2 trafficking by post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Virginia Roche
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Sabeen Survery
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Stefan Kreida
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Veronika Nesverova
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Henry Ampah-Korsah
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Maria Gourdon
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Peter M T Deen
- the Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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42
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Ser-261 phospho-regulation is involved in pS256 and pS269-mediated aquaporin-2 apical translocation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1039-1044. [PMID: 28668390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin catalyzes aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at several serine sites in the C-terminal region. Compared with Ser-256 and Ser-269 phosphorylation, the role of Ser-261 phospho-regulation on vasopressin-regulated AQP2 apical translocation is largely unknown. In addition, recent discovery of transcytotic apical delivery of AQP2 made the concept of its intracellular trafficking even more complicated. In this study, we evaluated how intact phospho-AQP2 signals fit with the transcytosis trafficking model in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. PS256 and pS269 signals were intracellularly detectable in wild-type AQP2 at the beginning of forskolin stimulation (1 min). These phospho-signals were detectable in basolateral membranes even after 10 min of stimulation. AQP2 stably inserted in the apical membrane increased pS269 and decreased pS261 signals. In an NDI-causing mutant P262L-AQP2, in which Ser-261 phospho-regulation is impaired, the pS256 and pS269 signals were detectable in the basolateral membranes with increased pS261 signals after forskolin stimulation. These results suggest that Ser-261 phospho-regulation is involved in pS256- and pS269-mediated AQP2 apical translocation.
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43
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Tamma G, Di Mise A, Ranieri M, Geller A, Tamma R, Zallone A, Valenti G. The V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan raises cytosolic calcium and prevents AQP2 trafficking and function: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1767-1780. [PMID: 28326667 PMCID: PMC5571526 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, is a new generation diuretic. Its clinical efficacy is in principle due to impaired vasopressin‐regulated water reabsorption via aquaporin‐2 (AQP2). Nevertheless, no direct in vitro evidence that tolvaptan prevents AQP2‐mediated water transport, nor that this pathway is targeted in vivo in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) has been provided. The effects of tolvaptan on the vasopressin–cAMP/PKA signalling cascade were investigated in MDCK cells expressing endogenous V2R and in mouse kidney. In MDCK, tolvaptan prevented dDAVP‐induced increase in ser256‐AQP2 and osmotic water permeability. A similar effect on ser256‐AQP2 was found in V1aR −/− mice, thus confirming the V2R selectively. Of note, calcium calibration in MDCK showed that tolvaptan per se caused calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum resulting in a significant increase in basal intracellular calcium. This effect was only observed in cells expressing the V2R, indicating that it requires the tolvaptan–V2R interaction. Consistent with this finding, tolvaptan partially reduced the increase in ser256‐AQP2 and the water permeability in response to forskolin, a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase (AC), suggesting that the increase in intracellular calcium is associated with an inhibition of the calcium‐inhibitable AC type VI. Furthermore, tolvaptan treatment reduced AQP2 excretion in two SIAD patients and normalized plasma sodium concentration. These data represent the first detailed demonstration of the central role of AQP2 blockade in the aquaretic effect of tolvaptan and underscore a novel effect in raising intracellular calcium that can be of significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberta Zallone
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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44
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are a family of membrane water channels that basically function as regulators of intracellular and intercellular water flow. To date, thirteen AQPs , which are distributed widely in specific cell types in various organs and tissues, have been characterized in humans. Four AQP monomers, each of which consists of six membrane-spanning alpha-helices that have a central water-transporting pore, assemble to form tetramers, forming the functional units in the membrane. AQP facilitates osmotic water transport across plasma membranes and thus transcellular fluid movement. The cellular functions of aquaporins are regulated by posttranslational modifications , e.g. phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, subcellular distribution, degradation, and protein interactions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulated aquaporin trafficking and synthesis is proving to be fundamental for development of novel therapeutic targets or reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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45
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Ren H, Yang B, Ruiz JA, Efe O, Ilori TO, Sands JM, Klein JD. Phosphatase inhibition increases AQP2 accumulation in the rat IMCD apical plasma membrane. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1189-F1197. [PMID: 27488997 PMCID: PMC5210195 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00150.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin triggers the phosphorylation and apical plasma membrane accumulation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), and it plays an essential role in urine concentration. Vasopressin, acting through protein kinase A, phosphorylates AQP2. However, the phosphorylation state of AQP2 could also be affected by the action of protein phosphatases (PPs). Rat inner medullas (IM) were incubated with calyculin (PP1 and PP2A inhibitor, 50 nM) or tacrolimus (PP2B inhibitor, 100 nM). Calyculin did not affect total AQP2 protein abundance (by Western blot) but did significantly increase the abundances of pS256-AQP2 and pS264-AQP2. It did not change pS261-AQP2 or pS269-AQP2. Calyculin significantly enhanced the membrane accumulation (by biotinylation) of total AQP2, pS256-AQP2, and pS264-AQP2. Likewise, immunohistochemistry showed an increase in the apical plasma membrane association of pS256-AQP2 and pS264-AQP2 in calyculin-treated rat IM. Tacrolimus also did not change total AQP2 abundance but significantly increased the abundances of pS261-AQP2 and pS264-AQP2. In contrast to calyculin, tacrolimus did not change the amount of total AQP2 in the plasma membrane (by biotinylation and immunohistochemistry). Tacrolimus did increase the expression of pS264-AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane (by immunohistochemistry). In conclusion, PP1/PP2A regulates the phosphorylation and apical plasma membrane accumulation of AQP2 differently than PP2B. Serine-264 of AQP2 is a phosphorylation site that is regulated by both PP1/PP2A and PP2B. This dual regulatory pathway may suggest a previously unappreciated role for multiple phosphatases in the regulation of urine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Joseph A Ruiz
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Orhan Efe
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Titilayo O Ilori
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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46
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Wnt5a induces renal AQP2 expression by activating calcineurin signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13636. [PMID: 27892464 PMCID: PMC5133730 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by defective urine concentration mechanisms in the kidney, which are mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor. For the treatment of heritable NDI, novel strategies that bypass the defective vasopressin type 2 receptor are required to activate the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel. Here we show that Wnt5a regulates AQP2 protein expression, phosphorylation and trafficking, suggesting that Wnt5a is an endogenous ligand that can regulate AQP2 without the activation of the classic vasopressin/cAMP signalling pathway. Wnt5a successfully increases the apical membrane localization of AQP2 and urine osmolality in an NDI mouse model. We also demonstrate that calcineurin is a key regulator of Wnt5a-induced AQP2 activation without affecting intracellular cAMP level and PKA activity. The importance of calcineurin is further confirmed with its activator, arachidonic acid, which shows vasopressin-like effects underlining that calcineurin activators may be potential therapeutic targets for heritable NDI.
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47
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Yui N, Sasaki S, Uchida S. Aquaporin-2 Ser-261 phosphorylation is regulated in combination with Ser-256 and Ser-269 phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:524-529. [PMID: 27889609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a water channel in collecting duct principal cells in the kidney. Vasopressin catalyzes AQP2 phosphorylation at several serine sites in its C-terminus: Ser-256, Ser-261, and Ser-269. Upon stimulation by vasopressin, Ser-269 phosphorylation increases and Ser-261 phosphorylation decreases. Ser-256 phosphorylation is relatively constant. However, whether these types of phospho-regulation occur independently in distinct AQP2 populations or sequentially in the same AQP2 population is unclear. Especially, the manner of vasopressin-mediated Ser-261 phospho-regulation has been in controversy. In this study, we established phospho-specific AQP2 immunoprecipitation assays and investigated how pS256-positive AQP2 and pS269-positive AQP2 are catalyzed by forskolin or vasopressin, focusing on their Ser-261 phosphorylation status in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and in mice. In forskolin-treated MDCK cells, Ser-269 phosphorylation preceded Ser-261 dephosphorylation and Ser-256 phosphorylation was constant. In both MDCK cells and mouse kidney, phospho-specific immunoprecipitation revealed that the regulated Ser-269 phosphorylation occurred in the pS256-positive AQP2 population. Importantly, basal-state Ser-261 phosphorylation and its regulated dephosphorylation occurred in the pS256- and pS269-positive AQP2 population. These results provide the direct evidence that the Ser-261 dephosphorylation is involved in the pS256- and pS269-related AQP2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Yui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sei Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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LeMaire SM, Raghuram V, Grady CR, Pickering CM, Chou CL, Umejiego EN, Knepper MA. Serine/threonine phosphatases and aquaporin-2 regulation in renal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F84-F95. [PMID: 27784696 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00455.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel at four COOH-terminal serines plays a central role in the regulation of water permeability of the renal collecting duct. The level of phosphorylation at these sites is determined by a balance between phosphorylation by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases. The phosphatases that dephosphorylate AQP2 have not been identified. Here, we use large-scale data integration techniques to identify serine-threonine phosphatases likely to interact with AQP2 in renal collecting duct principal cells. As a first step, we have created a comprehensive list of 38 S/T phosphatase catalytic subunits present in the mammalian genome. Then we used Bayes' theorem to integrate available information from large-scale data sets from proteomic and transcriptomic studies to rank the known S/T phosphatases with regard to the likelihood that they interact with AQP2 in renal collecting duct cells. To broaden the analysis, we have generated new proteomic data (LC-MS/MS) identifying 4538 distinct proteins including 22 S/T phosphatases in cytoplasmic fractions from native inner medullary collecting duct cells from rats. The official gene symbols corresponding to the top-ranked phosphatases (common names in parentheses) were: Ppp1cb (PP1-β), Ppm1g (PP2C), Ppp1ca (PP1-α), Ppp3ca (PP2-B or calcineurin), Ppp2ca (PP2A-α), Ppp1cc (PP1-γ), Ppp2cb (PP2A-β), Ppp6c (PP6C), and Ppp5c (PP5). This ranking correlates well with results of prior reductionist studies of ion and water channels in renal collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M LeMaire
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and.,Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Cameron R Grady
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Christina M Pickering
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Ezigbobiara N Umejiego
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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49
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Jung HJ, Kwon TH. Molecular mechanisms regulating aquaporin-2 in kidney collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1318-F1328. [PMID: 27760771 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00485.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney collecting duct is an important renal tubular segment for regulation of body water homeostasis and urine concentration. Water reabsorption in the collecting duct principal cells is controlled by vasopressin, a peptide hormone that induces the osmotic water transport across the collecting duct epithelia through regulation of water channel proteins aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). In particular, vasopressin induces both intracellular translocation of AQP2-bearing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane and transcription of the Aqp2 gene to increase AQP2 protein abundance. The signaling pathways, including AQP2 phosphorylation, RhoA phosphorylation, intracellular calcium mobilization, and actin depolymerization, play a key role in the translocation of AQP2. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the regulation of AQP2 as the underlying molecular mechanism for the homeostasis of water balance in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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50
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Hao S, DelliPizzi A, Quiroz-Munoz M, Jiang H, Ferreri NR. The EP3 receptor regulates water excretion in response to high salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F822-F829. [PMID: 27465993 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00589.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which prostanoids contribute to the maintenance of whole body water homeostasis are complex and not fully understood. The present study demonstrates that an EP3-dependent feedback mechanism contributes to the regulation of water homeostasis under high-salt conditions. Rats on a normal diet and tap water were placed in metabolic cages and given either sulprostone (20 μg·kg-1·day-1) or vehicle for 3 days to activate EP3 receptors in the thick ascending limb (TAL). Treatment was continued for another 3 days in rats given either 1% NaCl in the drinking water or tap water. Sulprostone decreased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression by ∼75% in TAL tubules from rats given 1% NaCl concomitant with a ∼60% inhibition of COX-2-dependent PGE2 levels in the kidney. Urine volume increased after ingestion of 1% NaCl but was reduced ∼40% by sulprostone. In contrast, the highly selective EP3 receptor antagonist L-798106 (100 μg·kg-1·day-1), which increased COX-2 expression and renal PGE2 production, increased urine volume in rats given 1% NaCl. Sulprostone increased expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the inner medullary collecting duct plasma membrane in association with an increase in phosphorylation at Ser269 and decrease in Ser261 phosphorylation; antagonism of EP3 with L-798106 reduced AQP2 expression. Thus, although acute activation of EP3 by PGE2 in the TAL and collecting duct inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and AQP2 activity, respectively, chronic activation of EP3 in vivo limits the extent of COX-2-derived PGE2 synthesis, thereby mitigating the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on these transporters and decreasing urine volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujin Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Mariana Quiroz-Munoz
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration, CARE Chile UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Houli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nicholas R Ferreri
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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