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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner J, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates metabolic transducer SCD1 to catalyze vascular protective metabolites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7481. [PMID: 38354249 PMCID: PMC10866565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise promotes pulsatile shear stress in the arterial circulation and ameliorates cardiometabolic diseases. However, exercise-mediated metabolic transducers for vascular protection remain under-investigated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that wild-type mice undergoing voluntary wheel running exercise expressed increased endothelial stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) that catalyzes anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites, namely, oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acids (PA), to mitigate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In silico analysis revealed that exercise augmented time-averaged wall shear stress but mitigated flow recirculation and oscillatory shear index in the lesser curvature of the mouse aortic arch. Following exercise, endothelial Scd1-deleted mice (Ldlr-/- Scd1EC-/-) on high-fat diet developed persistent VCAM1-positive endothelium in the lesser curvature and the descending aorta, whereas SCD1 overexpression via adenovirus transfection mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Single-cell transcriptomics of the aorta identified Scd1-positive and Vcam1-negative endothelial subclusters interacting with other candidate genes. Thus, exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates endothelial SCD1 to catalyze OA and PA for vascular endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Phan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner JA, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539172. [PMID: 37205360 PMCID: PMC10187200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS ( τ ave = 50 dyne·cm -2 , ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm -2 ·s -1 , 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators. Following 24 hours of exercise, wild-type C57BL/6J mice developed elevated SCD1-catalyzed lipid metabolites in the plasma, including OA and palmitoleic acid (PA). Exercise over a 2-week period increased endothelial SCD1 in the ER. Exercise further modulated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS or τ ave) and oscillatory shear index (OSI ave ), upregulated Scd1 and attenuated VCAM1 expression in the disturbed flow-prone aortic arch in Ldlr -/- mice on high-fat diet but not in Ldlr -/- Scd1 EC-/- mice. Scd1 overexpression via recombinant adenovirus also mitigated ER stress. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the mouse aorta revealed interconnection of Scd1 with mechanosensitive genes, namely Irs2 , Acox1 and Adipor2 that modulate lipid metabolism pathways. Taken together, exercise modulates PSS ( τ ave and OSI ave ) to activate SCD1 as a metabolomic transducer to ameliorate inflammation in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature.
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4
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Wang H, Duan C, Cui H, Shi J, Shi S, Yuan G, Hu Y. The Role of VEGF Family in Lipid Metabolism. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:253-265. [PMID: 35524661 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220506105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a major role in tumors and ophthalmic diseases. However, increasingly more data reported its potential in regulating lipids. With its biological functions mainly expressed in lymphatic vessels, some factors in the families, like VEGF-A and VEGF-C, have been proved to regulate intestinal absorption of lipids by affecting chylous ducts. Other effects, including regulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), endothelial lipase (EL), and recombinant syndecan 1 (SDC1), have also been confirmed. However, given the scant-related studies, further research should be conducted to examine the concrete mechanisms and provide pragmatic ways to apply them in the clinic. The VEGF family may treat dyslipidemia in specific ways that are different from common methods and concurrently contribute to the treatment of other metabolic diseases, like diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Liu X, Chen L, Hu X. Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp in Conscious Rats Based on the Tail Artery and Vein Catheterization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2592:155-161. [PMID: 36507991 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity evaluation is very important in the management and investigation of type 1 diabetes. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC) is considered to be the "gold standard" method for the assessment of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Here, we describe the method of performing the hyperinsulinemic-glycemic clamp based on the tail artery and vein catheterization after administration of local anesthesia to the tail root in conscious rats. Insulin and glucose were infused via the tail vein, and blood samples for further determination were collected from the tail artery. This procedure makes the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp easier and more convenient to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - LuLu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Ling M, Lai X, Quan L, Li F, Lang L, Fu Y, Feng S, Yi X, Zhu C, Gao P, Zhu X, Wang L, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Knockdown of VEGFB/VEGFR1 Signaling Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning and Skeletal Muscle Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147524. [PMID: 35886871 PMCID: PMC9315609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) play a vital role in regulating vascular biological function. However, the role of VEGFB and VEGFR1 in regulating fat deposition and skeletal muscle growth remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of VEGFB and VEGFR1 on fat deposition and skeletal muscle growth in mice. Our results showed that knockdown of VEGFB decreased body weight and iWAT index, stimulated the browning of mice iWAT with increased expression of UCP1, decreased the diameters of adipocytes, and elevated energy expenditure. In contrast, knockdown of VEGFB increased gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle index with increased proliferation of GAS muscle by expression of PCNA and Cyclin D1. Meanwhile, knockdown of endothelial VEGFR1 induced the browning of iWAT with increased expression of UCP1 and decreased diameters of adipocytes. By contrast, knockdown of endothelial VEGFR1 inhibited GAS muscle differentiation with decreased expression of MyoD. In conclusion, these results suggested that the loss of VEGFB/VEGFR1 signaling is associated with enhanced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle development. These results provided new insights into the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, as well as fat deposition, suggesting the potential application of VEGFB/VEGFR1 as an intervention for the restriction of muscle diseases and obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shengchun Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (X.L.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7051-8681
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7
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Ioannidou A, Fisher RM, Hagberg CE. The multifaceted roles of the adipose tissue vasculature. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13403. [PMID: 34866318 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated pathologies continue to increase, which has led to a renewed interest in our major weight-regulating organ, the white adipose tissue. It has become clear that its development, expansion, and physiological function depend on proper crosstalk between each of its cellular constituents, with a central role for the vascular endothelium lining the blood vessels. Although first considered a mere barrier, the endothelium has emerged as a dynamic unit modulating many critical adipose tissue functions. It not only oversees the uptake of all nutrients to be stored in the adipocytes but also provides an important growth niche for adipocyte progenitors and regulates the expandability of the tissue during overfeeding and obesity. In this review, we describe the reciprocal relationship between endothelial cells, adipocytes, and obesity. We present recent studies that support an important role for endothelial cells as central mediators of many of the physiological and pathological functions of the adipose tissue and highlight several unknown aspects of adipose tissue vascular biology. This new perspective could present exciting opportunities to develop new therapeutic approaches against obesity-related pathologies and is thus of great interest in our increasingly obese society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ioannidou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rachel M Fisher
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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