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Tian X, Xu Y, Ban Y, Li J, Hu L, Liu D, Hu L, Sun Z, Zhang M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Lin P. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of different doses of LT4 in pregnant women with high-normal TSH levels and TPOAb positivity in the first half of pregnancy. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:101. [PMID: 38600581 PMCID: PMC11005176 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to investigate the efficacy of different doses of levothyroxine therapy among pregnant women exhibiting high-normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels and positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies throughout the first half of pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women exhibiting high-normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity throughout the initial half of pregnancy were selected from January 2021 to September 2023. Based on the different doses of levothyroxine, the pregnant women were categorized into the nonintervention group (G0, 122 women), 25 µg levothyroxine intervention group (G25, 69 women), and 50 µg levothyroxine intervention group (G50, 58 women). Serum parameters, gastrointestinal symptoms, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared after the intervention among the three groups. RESULTS After the intervention, in the G25 and G50 groups, the thyroid stimulating hormone, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels were notably less in contrast to those in the G0 group (P < 0.05). The rates of abdominal distension and SIBO in the G25 and G50 groups were notably lower in contrast to the G0 group (P = 0.043 and 0.040, respectively). The G50 group had a lower rate of spontaneous abortion and premature membrane rupture than the G0 group (P = 0.01 and 0.015, respectively). Before 11+ 2 weeks of gestation and at thyroid peroxidase antibodies levels ≥ 117 IU/mL, in contrast to the G0 group, the G50 group experienced a decreased rate of spontaneous abortion (P = 0.008). The G50 group had significantly higher newborn weight than the G0 group (P = 0.014), as well as a notably longer newborn length than the G0 and G25 groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS For pregnant women with high-normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positive during the first half of pregnancy, supplementation with 50 µg levothyroxine was more effective in improving their blood lipid status and gastrointestinal symptoms, reducing the incidence of SIBO and premature rupture of membranes, and before 11+2 weeks, TPOAb ≥ 117 IU/mL proved more beneficial in mitigating the risk of spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yanjie Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengkun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Camoni N, Conti G, Majorana A, Bardellini E, Salerno C, Wolf TG, Campus G, Cagetti MG. Oral Microbiota of Infants in Maternal Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:421. [PMID: 38671638 PMCID: PMC11049358 DOI: 10.3390/children11040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 5-20% of pregnant women and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review aimed to assess whether the oral microbiota of infants and their mothers with GDM had a different composition from that found in unaffected women and offspring. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 after protocol registration in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023406505). Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Overall, 1113 articles were identified; after evaluating the full texts, 12 papers were included in the qualitative analysis. In six studies of the eight included, significant differences in microbiota between M-GDM and M-nGDM were found. In four studies, a depletion of Firmicutes and an enrichment of Proteobacteria was found in the microbiota of infants. Since all included studies were judged to have high risk of bias, a quantitative synthesis of the results was not carried out. In conclusion, although the oral microbiota of infants from mothers with GDM could be different from that of infants from mothers without GDM, there is insufficient evidence to clarify this aspect so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Camoni
- ASST Valle Olona, Dental Unit, 21052 Gallarate, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20112 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Oral Medicine and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudia Salerno
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.S.); (T.G.W.); (G.C.)
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gerard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.S.); (T.G.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Jhoannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55116 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.S.); (T.G.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20112 Milano, Italy
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Ouyang Q, Xu Y, Ban Y, Li J, Cai Y, Wu B, Hao Y, Sun Z, Zhang M, Wang M, Wang W, Zhao Y. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Subclinical Hypothyroidism of Pregnancy with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:579-588. [PMID: 37032411 PMCID: PMC10987341 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating efficacy of probiotics combined with prebiotics in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the second trimester. We collected data from 78 pregnant women with SCH (SCH group) and 74 normal pregnant women (control group) in second trimester, compare the differences in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), result of lactulose methane-hydrogen breath test and gastrointestinal symptoms assessed by GSRS scale between two groups. In SCH group, 32 patients with SIBO were selected as intervention group. Treatment with probiotics + prebiotics for 21 days; The differences of lipid metabolism, hsCRP, thyroid function level, methane-hydrogen breath test results and GSRS scores before and after treatment were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect. (1) The positive rate of SIBO and methane, hsCRP levels in SCH group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), the total score of GSRS scale, mean score of indigestion syndrome, and constipation syndrome in SCH group were higher (P < 0.05). (2) The mean abundance of hydrogen and methane were higher in SCH group. (3) After treatment, serum levels of thyrotropin(TSH), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hsCRP in intervention group were decreased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). (4) After treatment, methane positive rate, total score of GSRS scale, mean score of diarrhea syndrome, dyspepsia syndrome, and constipation syndrome were decreased (P < 0.05). (5) The average abundance of methane and hydrogen were lower. Probiotics combined with prebiotics are effective in the treatment of SIBO in pregnant SCH patients.Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR1900026326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yanjie Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinkai Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Koerner R, Prescott S, Alman A, Duffy A, Groer M. The Oral Microbiome Throughout Pregnancy: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:200-208. [PMID: 37365703 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health is associated with systemic health, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the oral microbiome during pregnancy may lead to targeted interventions for prevention of adverse outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a literature search with four electronic databases for original research conducted between 2012 and 2022 that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally using 16s rRNA sequencing during pregnancy. RESULTS We identified six studies that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally throughout pregnancy, though comparisons of oral niches, oral microbiome measures, and findings between studies were not consistent. Three studies identified alterations in alpha diversity throughout pregnancy and two studies identified increased pathogenic bacteria during pregnancy. Three studies reported no changes in the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy, and one study identified differences in the composition of the microbiome based on socioeconomic status and antibiotic exposure. Two studies examined adverse pregnancy outcomes in association with the oral microbiome, one reporting no associations and one reported difference in community gene composition in those diagnosed with preeclampsia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is limited research on the composition of the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. There may be alterations in the oral microbiome during pregnancy such as increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Socioeconomic status, antibiotic use, and education may contribute to differences in the microbiome composition over time. Clinicians should evaluate oral health and educate on the importance of oral health care during the prenatal and perinatal time period.
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Mendoza-León MJ, Mangalam AK, Regaldiz A, González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Álvarez-Mardonez O, Vallejos OP, Méndez C, Bueno SM, Melo-González F, Duarte Y, Opazo MC, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids and their impact on the host thyroid function and diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192216. [PMID: 37455925 PMCID: PMC10349397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are clinically characterized by alterations of L-3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4), L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood. The most frequent thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroxinemia. These conditions affect cell differentiation, function, and metabolism. It has been reported that 40% of the world's population suffers from some type of thyroid disorder and that several factors increase susceptibility to these diseases. Among them are iodine intake, environmental contamination, smoking, certain drugs, and genetic factors. Recently, the intestinal microbiota, composed of more than trillions of microbes, has emerged as a critical player in human health, and dysbiosis has been linked to thyroid diseases. The intestinal microbiota can affect host physiology by producing metabolites derived from dietary fiber, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local actions in the intestine and can affect the central nervous system and immune system. Modulation of SCFAs-producing bacteria has also been connected to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we discuss how alterations in the production of SCFAs due to dysbiosis in patients could be related to thyroid disorders. The studies reviewed here may be of significant interest to endocrinology researchers and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mendoza-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Regaldiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique González-Madrid
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardonez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Méndez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Wu B, Xu Y, Ban Y, Zhang M, Sun Z, Cai Y, Li J, Hao Y, Ouyang Q, Hu L, Tian X, Liu D. Correlation between the intestinal microflora and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance in hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1159238. [PMID: 37051293 PMCID: PMC10083372 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between intestinal microflora characteristics and the peripheral blood T helper cell (Th)1/Th2 balance in patients with hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy.MethodsThe Th1/Th2 ratios in the peripheral blood of pregnant women in the hypothyroidism and control groups were determined using flow cytometry. The cytometric bead array assay was used to determine the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the intestinal microbial composition in the two groups. Finally, the relationships between intestinal microflora, Th1/Th2 cells, cytokines, and clinical indicators were analyzed.ResultsC-reactive protein levels were higher in the hypothyroidism group than in the control group. In contrast to the control group, the hypothyroidism group showed an increase in Th1 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio, and a decrease in Th2 cells. The hypothyroidism group had higher serum IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels, and lower IL-10 levels, than the control group. The richness of the intestinal microflora in the hypothyroidism group increased whereas the diversity decreased. The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that the hypothyroidism group had a higher abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, but a lower abundance of Bacteroides, compared to the control group. Prevotella was positively correlated with Th1 cells, the Th1/2 ratio, and TNF-α. Bacteroides was positively correlated with Th2 cells and IL-10, but negatively correlated with Th1 cells, the Th1/2 ratio, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The thyroid peroxidase antibody level was directly proportional to TNF-α.ConclusionA Th1/Th2 imbalance occurs in patients with hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy. Disorders of the intestinal microflora may lead to hypothyroidism during pregnancy by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance.
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Stramazzo I, Capriello S, Filardo S, Centanni M, Virili C. Microbiota and Thyroid Disease: An Updated Systematic Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Clinical Biochemical Indicators and Intestinal Microbiota Testing Reveal the Influence of Reproductive Age Extending from the Mother to the Offspring. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0107622. [PMID: 35993782 PMCID: PMC9602618 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01076-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is an important factor that determines the physiological functions of the human body, but the changes in maternal physiology, biochemistry, and intestinal flora related to reproductive age and their impact on offspring are not clear. Here, we tested and analyzed the clinical physiological and biochemical indicators and/or intestinal flora, matching the data of 252 parturients and their newborns. We found that 4 clinical indicators, including the white blood cell count and the absolute value of monocytes, were significantly related to the reproductive age (P < 0.05). The composition of the intestinal flora also varied with age, and the intestinal flora of advanced-age women (≥35 years old) was different from that of middle-aged women (>25 and <35 years old). We also found that changes in maternal clinical physiological and biochemical indicators related to reproductive age could reflect changes in the abundance of bacteria, such as Peptococcus and Vibrio, and changes in the intestinal flora spread to offspring. These results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, help us examine the importance of age-appropriate birth from a broader perspective, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction. IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrated that physiological indicators and the gut microbiome fluctuate drastically among parturients of different reproductive ages and that there is a significant correlation between the two changes. Mothers of different ages had different gut microbes, and the gut microbiota varied as the childbearing age became too high. Changes in the gut microbiome with maternal reproductive age affected the offspring, and the influence of reproductive age on the intestinal flora had a synergistic effect between mother and child that was revealed for the first time. The maternal childbearing age might affect the colonization of the offspring's initial flora. The results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction.
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Effect of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Development Quotient of SCH during Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9001881. [PMID: 35388329 PMCID: PMC8979691 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) on pregnancy outcome and offspring development quotient in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy. Material and Methods. Pregnant women with gestational age less than 12 weeks who underwent the first prenatal examination in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were prospectively selected as subjects. According to the level of thyroid hormone in pregnant women, they were divided into the treatment group (n = 63) and received L-T4 treatment, untreated group (n = 64), and control group (n = 54). Three groups of pregnancy outcomes, children’s physical development, and the development of offspring were compared at when one full year of life. Results. After treatment, the contrast difference of the three groups about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was statistically significant (
). The abortion rate and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the untreated group were higher than those in the control group (
). The contrast difference of the treatment group and control group about abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not statistically significant (
); The contrast difference of the three groups about a filial generation at birth and one-year-old body length is not statistically significant (
). The contrast difference between the three groups of individual children who are one-year old having the individual action energy, material ability, speech ability, and human ability is statistically significant (
). One-year-old developmental quotient (DQ) of the treatment group and control group was higher than that of the untreated group (
); the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the treatment group TSH levels have no correlation between the offspring developmental quotient (DQ) level of one-year-old children (
). Conclusion. Levothyroxine sodium tablets (L-T4) can not only improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with SCH during pregnancy but also play a positive role in improving the neurointellectual development of their offspring.
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Ding Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ge W, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. Dietary Succinoglycan Riclin Improves Glycemia Control in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1819-1829. [PMID: 35132858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riclin is a typical succinoglycan produced by an agrobacterium isolate. Our previous investigation has revealed that oral riclin restores the islet function in type 1 diabetic mice. However, whether dietary riclin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. Here, we found that dietary riclin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (55 and 67%), improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D. Riclin reduced the proportion of T helper 1 cell subsets in diabetic mice, alleviated pancreatic inflammation, and protected islet function. Moreover, dietary riclin enriched the diversity of gut microflora and restored the relative abundance of several bacterial genera in diabetes, including the strains of Clostridium, Parasutterella, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. In db/db diabetic mice, riclin also improves glycemia control as observed in HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. These data suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Lin B, Zhao F, Liu Y, Wu X, Feng J, Jin X, Yan W, Guo X, Shi S, Li Z, Liu L, Chen H, Wang H, Wang S, Lu Y, Wei Y. Randomized Clinical Trial: Probiotics Alleviated Oral-Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal-Related Complications in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before Radioiodine Therapy Following Thyroidectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:834674. [PMID: 35350100 PMCID: PMC8958007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.834674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in postoperative thyroid cancer patients who need always accompanied by complications (e.g., dyslipidemia and constipation). At present, there are no effective and safe means to alleviate these complications. PURPOSE We aimed to assess the oral-gut microbiota profiles in THW patients then investigate whether probiotics could alleviating alleviate THW related complications and investigate whether these therapeutic effects were associated with the oral-gut microbiota state. METHODS Fifty eligible thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to receive probiotics or placebo during THW. Complications were assessed through validated questionnaires and plasma lipid indicators. The complex probiotics preparation was composed of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. RESULTS Probiotics alleviated lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dry mouth and decreased the levels of fecal/serum LPS and plasma lipid indicators (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A) (P < 0.05). Gut and oral microbial diversity were significantly decreased after THW, while an increased microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was observed. Probiotics distinctly restored the gut and oral microbial diversity. Increased Holdemanella, Enterococcus, and Coprococcus_2, while decreased Fusobacterium, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Ruminococcus_1, and Parasutterella in the gut were found after probiotics intervention. Lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia were seen to be related to the above microbiota. In addition, probiotics reduced oral Prevotella_9, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, and Lautropia, which were positively correlated with the occurrence of dry mouth. CONCLUSION Probiotics reduce the incidence of complications in patients after THW, which may be related to modifying the oral and gut microbiota. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier America Clinical Trial Registry NCT03574051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqiang Lin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangren Jin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shang Shi
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lujia Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongye Chen
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Wei,
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12
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Li J, Xu Y, Sun Z, Cai Y, Wang B, Zhang M, Ban Y, Hou X, Hao Y, Ouyang Q, Wu B, Wang M, Wang W. Differential lipids in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism and their correlation to the pregnancy outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19689. [PMID: 34608242 PMCID: PMC8490420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has become a prevalent complication in pregnancy. Recent research links SCH to disturbed thyroid lipid profile; however, it is unclear how lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the pathogenesis of SCH during pregnancy. Thus, we used nontargeted lipidomics to identify and compare the lipids and metabolites expressed by pregnant women with SCH and healthy pregnant women. Multivariate analysis revealed 143 lipid molecules differentially expressed between the SCH group and the control group. Based on fold change, 30 differentially expressed lipid metabolites are potential biomarkers. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites participate in several pathways, including response to pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, metabolic pathways, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption pathways. Correlation analyses revealed sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) positively correlate to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) negatively correlate with them. In addition, PG positively correlates to birth weight. Thus, the lipid profile of pregnant women with SCH is significantly different from that of healthy pregnant women. Lipid molecules associated with the differential lipid metabolism, such as SM, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and PI, should be further investigated for their roles in the pathogenesis of SCH in pregnancy, as they might be targets for reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanjie Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingqi Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16870. [PMID: 34413437 PMCID: PMC8377136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding changes in oral flora during pregnancy, its association to maternal health, and its implications to birth outcomes is essential. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in May 2020 (updated search in April and June 2021), and conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the followings: (1) oral microflora changes throughout pregnancy, (2) association between oral microorganisms during pregnancy and maternal oral/systemic conditions, and (3) implications of oral microorganisms during pregnancy on birth outcomes. From 3983 records, 78 studies were included for qualitative assessment, and 13 studies were included in meta-analysis. The oral microflora remains relatively stable during pregnancy; however, pregnancy was associated with distinct composition/abundance of oral microorganisms when compared to postpartum/non-pregnant status. Oral microflora during pregnancy appears to be influenced by oral and systemic conditions (e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, etc.). Prenatal dental care reduced the carriage of oral pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus mutans). The Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque was more abundant in women with preterm birth. Given the results from meta-analyses were inconclusive since limited studies reported outcomes on the same measuring scale, more future studies are needed to elucidate the association between pregnancy oral microbiota and maternal oral/systemic health and birth outcomes.
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Abstract
Intestinal microbiota gained attention due to its pleiotropic effect on intestinal barrier, nutrients metabolism and on immune system development and functions. Recent evidence pointed out a possible role of an altered gut microbiota composition in the pathogenesis and progression of several autoimmune disorders, occurring at gastrointestinal level or far apart. In thyroid autoimmune disorders, encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease and thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the combined effect of environmental triggers and genetic predisposing background, lead to the loss of self-tolerance and to auto-aggressive damage, involving both cellular and humoral networks of immune system. This review is aimed at assessing the current knowledge about the studies published on the fecal microbiota composition in patients bearing thyroid autoimmune diseases. We further examined the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota composition and the most used treatments for thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Endocrine Unit, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy.
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15
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Cai Y, Xu Y, Ban Y, Li J, Sun Z, Zhang M, Wang B, Hou X, Hao Y, Ouyang Q, Wu B, Wang M, Wang W. Plasma Lipid Profile and Intestinal Microflora in Pregnancy Women With Hypothyroidism and Their Correlation With Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:792536. [PMID: 35126311 PMCID: PMC8807684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.792536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the lipid profiles and intestinal microflora in pregnant patients with hypothyroidism and their correlation with pregnancy outcomes. METHODS In total, 27 pregnant women with hypothyroidism (study case) and 28 normal pregnant women (control group) were enrolled in this study. The lipid profiles and intestinal microflora in the two groups were compared using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. The association among the differential metabolites, intestinal microflora, serological indicators and pregnancy outcomes was further analyzed. RESULTS Patients in study case had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.025) and lower birth weight (P=0.005) than the control group. A total of 42 differential lipid metabolites and 7 enrichment KEGG pathways were obtained between the two groups (VIP ≥ 1, P < 0.05). Ten lipid metabolites can be used as characteristic metabolites of study case, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SM). The richness and diversity of intestinal microflora in study case were lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). LEfSe analysis revealed that patients in study case had higher abundance of Prevotella and Haemophilus and lower abundance of Blautia than the control group (P < 0.05). Blautia was positively correlated with SM and negatively correlated with PC and PE; the CRP level and Prevotella were positively correlated; the neonatal weight and PC level were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The lipid profile and intestinal microflora of pregnant women with hypothyroidism significantly differed from those of normal pregnant women and were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The interaction between lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora may be a potential target for further studies investigating the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.
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