1
|
Busnatu ȘS, Andronic O, Pană MA, Stoian AP, Scafa-Udriște A, Păun N, Stanciu S. Oral Arginine Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Performing Regular Resistance Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020182. [PMID: 36673550 PMCID: PMC9891176 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training is well documented as having cardiovascular benefits, but paradoxically, it seems to increase arterial stiffness, favoring the development of high blood pressure. The present study investigates the potential effects of oral supplementation with arginine in healthy individuals performing exercise resistance training. We studied 70 non-smoking male subjects between the ages of 30 and 45 with normal or mildly increased blood pressure on ambulatory monitoring (for 24 h) and normal blood samples and echocardiography, who performed regular resistance exercise training for at least five years with a minimum of three workouts per week. They were divided into two groups in a random manner: 35 males were placed in the arginine group (AG) that followed a 6-month supplementation of their regular diets with 5 g of oral arginine powder taken before their exercise workout, and the control (non-arginine) group (NAG) consisted of 35 males. All subjects underwent body composition analysis, 24 h blood pressure monitoring and pulse wave analysis at enrollment and at six months. After six months of supplementation, blood pressure values did not change in the NAG, while in the AG, we found a decrease of 5.6 mmHg (p < 0.05) in mean systolic blood pressure and a decrease of 4.5 mmHg (p < 0.05) in diastolic values. There was also a 0.62% increase in muscle mass in the AG vs. the NAG (p < 0.05), while the body fat decreased by 1% (p < 0.05 in AG vs. NAG). Overall, the AG gained twice the amount of muscle mass and lost twice as much body fat as the NAG. No effects on the mean weighted average heart rate were recorded in the subjects. The results suggest that oral supplementation with arginine can improve blood pressure and body composition, potentially counteracting the stress induced by resistance exercise training. Supplementation with arginine can be a suitable adjuvant for these health benefits in individuals undertaking regular resistance training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriște
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Păun
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Stanciu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Natali A, Nesti L. Vascular effects of insulin. Metabolism 2021; 124:154891. [PMID: 34563557 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Natali
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Nesti
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karaküçük Y, Beyoglu A, Çömez A. Quantitative assessment of the effect of fasting on macular microcirculation: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:1098-1102. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimTo analyse the effect of fasting on the retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris structures in healthy subjects via Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).MethodsIn this prospective study, OCTA scans of 98 eyes in 49 healthy subjects were compared in fasting and non-fasting period. All cases had a full ophthalmological examination, with OCTA parameters measured, including superficial flow area (SCP) (mm2), deep flow area (DCP) (mm2), choriocapillaris flow area (CC) (mm2), superficial and deep vascular density (SVD and DVD, respectively) (%), superficial foveal avascular zone area (FAZs) (mm2), deep foveal avascular zone area (FAZd) (mm2), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (µm) and central macular thickness (CMT) (µm).ResultsThe mean SCP, DCP and CC flow area values were induced to be significantly lower in a fasting than a non-fasting period (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.049, respectively). The mean VD in a fasting period was statistically significantly lower than in a non-fasting period at the SCP level (p=0.009). No statistically significant difference was found between the two periods in respect to DVD, FAZd and CMT (p=0.068, p=0.653 and p=0.531, respectively); however, FAZs were significantly lower in a non-fasting than fasting period (p=0.038). The SFCT was determined to be statistically significant and thicker during a fasting period (p<0.001).ConclusionThe current study documented several physiological changes in a fasting period, such as changes in SCP, DCP, CC flow, SVD and DVD, via OCTA.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tessari P. Nitric oxide in the normal kidney and in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Nephrol 2014; 28:257-68. [PMID: 25216787 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with biological and regulatory properties, produced from arginine by the way of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and with a very short half-life (few seconds). A "coupled" NOS activity leads to NO generation, whereas its uncoupling produces the reactive oxygen species peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Uncoupling is usually due to inflammation, oxidative stress, decreased cofactor availability, or excessive NO production. Competitive inhibitors of NO production are post-translationally methylated arginine residues in proteins, which are constantly released into the circulation. NO availability is altered in many clinical conditions associated with vascular dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus. The kidney plays an important role in body NO homeostasis. This article provides an overview of current literature, on NO production/availability, with a focus on diabetic nephropathy. In diabetes, NO availability is usually decreased (with exception of the early, hyper filtration phase of nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes), and it could constitute a factor of the generalized vasculopathy present in diabetic nephropathy. NO generation in Type 2 diabetes with nephropathy is inversely associated with the dimethyl-arginine concentrations, which are therefore important modulators of NO synthesis independently from the classic stimulatory pathways (such as the insulin effect). A disturbed NO metabolism is present in diabetes associated with nephropathy. Although modulation of NO production is not yet a common therapeutical strategy, a number of yet experimental compounds need to be tested as potential interventions to treat the vascular dysfunction and nephropathy in diabetes, as well as in other diseased states. Finally, in diabetic nephropathy NO deficiency may be associated to that of hydrogen sulfide, another interesting gaseous mediator which is increasingly investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tessari
- Metabolism Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arginine NO-dependent and NO-independent effects on hemodynamics. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:138-43. [PMID: 24530418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine administration decreases mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), presumably by excess nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. However, some reports indicate that d-arginine, not a substrate of NO synthase (NOS), also induces hypotension. To clarify this phenomenon, the hemodynamic effects of L- and D-arginine and their modification by NOS inhibition with L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were assessed. MABP, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance were recorded in Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane or ketamine/diazepam anesthesia, with or without blockade of NO synthesis by L-NAME. Both stereoisomers of arginine induced a dose-related drop in MABP of similar magnitude and time course, but recovery from hypotension was slower in L-arginine than in D-arginine. The hypotension induced by both stereoisomers was due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with increase in cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV). Administration of L-NAME induced a pronounced increase in MABP and SVR, with decreases in CO and heart rate (HR). Infusion of L-arginine after L-NAME significantly decreased MABP and SVR at the highest dose while d-arginine failed to do so. After L-NAME, MABP was significantly lower under l-arginine than under d-arginine at all doses. These experiments suggest a dual mechanism in the hypotensive effect of L-arginine: a NO independent action on vascular resistance shared with D-arginine, and a NO dependent mechanism that becomes evident in the presence of NOS inhibition with L-NAME. Cardiac effects of NO do not appear to play a role in L-arginine hypotension.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan B, Li X, Wu G, Kong X, Liu Z, Li T, Yin Y. Dynamic changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption in the portal-drained viscera of growing pigs receiving acute administration of l-arginine. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2481-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
7
|
Griselda CM. d-Arginine action against neurotoxicity induced by glucocorticoids in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1353-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Schmidl D, Garhofer G, Schmetterer L. The complex interaction between ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow - relevance for glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2010; 93:141-55. [PMID: 20868686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy of unknown origin. The most important risk factor for the disease is an increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is associated with reduced progression in glaucoma. Several recent large scale trials have indicated that low ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is a risk factor for the incidence, prevalence and progression of the disease. This is a strong indicator that vascular factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, a hypothesis that was formulated 150 years ago. The relation between OPP and blood flow to the posterior pole of the eye is, however, complex, because of a phenomenon called autoregulation. Autoregulatory processes attempt to keep blood flow constant despite changes in OPP. Although autoregulation has been observed in many experiments in the ocular vasculature the mechanisms underlying the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses in face of changes in OPP remain largely unknown. There is, however, recent evidence that the human choroid regulates its blood flow better during changes in blood pressure induced by isometric exercise than during changes in IOP induced by a suction cup. This may have consequences for our understanding of glaucoma, because it indicates that blood flow regulation is strongly dependent not only on OPP, but also on the level of IOP itself. Indeed there is data indicating that reduction of IOP by pharmacological intervention improves optic nerve head blood flow regulation independently of an ocular vasodilator effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Intravitreal l-Arginine injection reverses the retinal arteriolar vasoconstriction that occurs after experimental acute branch retinal vein occlusion. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Tahvanainen A, Leskinen M, Koskela J, Ilveskoski E, Alanko J, Kähönen M, Kööbi T, Lehtimäki L, Moilanen E, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Non-invasive measurement of the haemodynamic effects of inhaled salbutamol, intravenous L-arginine and sublingual nitroglycerin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 68:23-33. [PMID: 19660000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of salbutamol and L-arginine, two compounds acting largely on the endothelium, and the endothelium-independent agent nitroglycerin on blood pressure, arterial compliance, cardiac function and vascular resistance. METHODS Continuous radial pulse wave analysis, whole-body impedance cardiography, and plethysmographic blood pressure from fingers in the supine position and during head-up tilt were recorded in nine healthy subjects. Data were captured before and after L-arginine (10 mg mg(-1) min(-1)) or saline infusion, salbutamol (400 microg) or placebo inhalation, and sublingual nitroglycerin (0.25 mg) or placebo resoriblet. RESULTS The results of all measurements were comparable before drug administration. The effects of inhaled salbutamol were apparent in the supine position: systemic vascular resistance (-9.2 +/- 2.6%) and augmentation index (-4.0 +/- 1.5%) decreased, and heart rate (8.6 +/- 2.5%) and cardiac output (8.8 +/- 3.1%) increased. L-arginine had no clear effects on supine haemodynamics, but during head-up tilt blood pressure was moderately decreased and reduction in aortic reflection time prevented, indicating improved large arterial compliance. Nitroglycerin reduced supine vascular resistance (-6.7 +/- 1.8%) and augmentation index (-7.4 +/- 1.6%), and increased cardiac output (+9.2 +/- 2.7%). During head-up tilt, nitroglycerin increased cardiac output (+10.6 +/- 5.6%) and heart rate (+40 +/- 7.5%), decreased vascular resistance (-7.8 +/- 5.8%) and augmentation index (-18.7 +/- 3.2%), and prevented the decrease in aortic reflection time. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled salbutamol predominantly changed supine haemodynamics, whereas the moderate effects of L-arginine were observed during the head-up tilt. In contrast, small doses of nitroglycerin induced major changes in haemodynamics both supine and during the head-up tilt. Altogether, these results emphasize the importance of haemodynamic measurements in both the supine and upright positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tahvanainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heitmar R, Gherghel D, Armstrong R, Cubbidge R, Hosking S. The effect of voluntary fasting and dehydration on flicker-induced retinal vascular dilation in a healthy individual: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2008; 2:153. [PMID: 18477404 PMCID: PMC2408601 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dynamic retinal vessel analysis represents a well-established method for the assessment of vascular reactivity during both normal conditions and after various provocations. We present a case where the subject showed abnormal retinal vessel reactivity after fasting voluntarily for 20 hours. Case presentation A healthy, 21-year-old man who fasted voluntarily for 20 hours exhibited abnormal retinal vascular reactivity (dilation and constriction) after flicker provocation as measured using the Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analyser (Imedos, Jena, Germany). Conclusion The abnormal vascular reactivity induced by fasting was significant; abnormal levels of important nutrients due to fasting and dehydration could play a role through altering the concentration of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide. This hypothesis needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Heitmar
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riva CE, Schmetterer L. Microcirculation of the Ocular Fundus. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
14
|
Biggi A, Carra N, Cabassi A, Barilli AL, Musiari L, Iori M, De Iaco G, Azzarone M, Novarini A, Montanari A. Impaired renal haemodynamic response to L-arginine in essential hypertension: role of buffering anion and tubuloglomerular feedback. J Hypertens 2007; 25:679-88. [PMID: 17278985 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3280117550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether changes in tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) dependent upon the tubular effects of buffering anions affect the renal haemodynamic response to L-arginine in healthy (control) individuals and patients with essential hypertension. METHODS Mean arterial pressure (MAP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF) and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), chloride (FECl) and lithium (FELi) were measured in 10 control individuals and 10 hypertensive patients during two 3-h infusions of 0.012 mmol/kg per min L-arginine buffered with either HCl or citric acid. RESULTS FELi, FECl and FENa increased (P < 0.001) comparably in controls and hypertensive individuals with arginine-HCl and decreased with arginine-citrate (P < 0.001). MAP was unchanged in controls with arginine-HCl and decreased by 3% with arginine-citrate (P < 0.001), and decreased in hypertensive individuals with both arginine-HCl and arginine-citrate (by 3 and 7%, respectively; P < 0.001). GFR increased with arginine-citrate in controls and hypertensive individuals (by 6.1 and 5.4%, respectively; P < 0.001), but did not change with arginine-HCl in controls and declined by 4.6% in hypertensive individuals (P < 0.05). RBF increased equally after arginine-citrate in controls and hypertensive individuals (by 34 and 33%, respectively; P < 0.001); it also increased after arginine-HCl (22 and 13%, respectively; P < 0.001), but less than after arginine-citrate (P < 0.001), and 41% less in hypertensive individuals than in controls (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Because arginine-HCl, unlike arginine-citrate, inhibits tubular reabsorption and elicits much less renal vasodilatation than does arginine-citrate, renal haemodynamics in response to L-arginine are modulated by changes in reabsorption and TGF according to the tubular effects of the attendant anion. As renal vasodilatation in hypertensive individuals was reduced only with arginine-HCl, which activates TGF, the blunted vasodilatation of the hypertensive kidney in response to arginine-HCl reflects an exaggerated response to an activated TGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almerina Biggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
van der Hoven B, Gommers D, Bakker J. Critical Illness and the Hepatic Microcirculation: A Review. Intensive Care Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
van der Hoven B, Gommers D, Bakker J. Critical Illness and the Hepatic Microcirculation: A Review. YEARBOOK OF INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49433-1_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
17
|
Garhöfer G, Resch H, Lung S, Weigert G, Schmetterer L. Intravenous administration of L-arginine increases retinal and choroidal blood flow. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140:69-76. [PMID: 15953576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitric oxide (NO) is among the most important regulators of ocular perfusion. L-arginine, an amino acid, is the precursor of NO synthesis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether administration of L-arginine affects ocular blood flow. DESIGN L-arginine (1 g/min) or placebo was administered intravenously for 30 minutes in 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-masked, two-way cross-over design. METHODS Ocular hemodynamics were measured before, in the last 10 minutes of the infusion period, as well as 30 minutes after cessation of the administration. Retinal vessel diameters were measured with a retinal vessel analyzer, red blood cell velocities with bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry, and pulsatile choroidal blood flow was measured using laser interferometry. RESULTS L-arginine significantly decreased mean arterial pressure by -8 +/- 5% and -6 +/- 7% at the two time points (P < .01), respectively. Intravenous administration of L-arginine increased choroidal blood flow by +10 +/- 6% and +12 +/- 7%, respectively. Retinal venous diameters decreased by -2.5 +/- 2.1% and -1.4 +/- 2.7%, respectively, whereas red blood cell velocity significantly increased after administration of L-arginine by +22 +/- 23% and +20 +/- 19% at the two time points. Thus, calculated blood flow in retinal veins, increased by +21 +/- 18% and +21 +/- 19% before and after the end of L-arginine infusion. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous administration of L-arginine increases retinal and choroidal blood flow in healthy volunteers. Whether this effect is related to an increased NO-production or an unidentified mechanism remains to be clarified. However, administration of L-arginine might be an interesting new approach to therapeutically increase ocular blood flow in ocular vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|