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Liu Y, Chen R, Li L, Dong R, Yin H, Wang Y, Yang A, Wang J, Li C, Wang D. The triterpenoids-enriched extracts from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia attenuate alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via suppression lipid accumulation in C57BL/6 mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li L, Willard B, Rachdaoui N, Kirwan JP, Sadygov RG, Stanley WC, Previs S, McCullough AJ, Kasumov T. Plasma proteome dynamics: analysis of lipoproteins and acute phase response proteins with 2H2O metabolic labeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.014209. [PMID: 22393261 PMCID: PMC3394944 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathologies related to the regulation of protein metabolism requires methods for studying the kinetics of individual proteins. We developed a (2)H(2)O metabolic labeling technique and software for protein kinetic studies in free living organisms. This approach for proteome dynamic studies requires the measurement of total body water enrichments by GC-MS, isotopic distribution of the tryptic peptide by LC-MS/MS, and estimation of the asymptotical number of deuterium incorporated into a peptide by software. We applied this technique to measure the synthesis rates of several plasma lipoproteins and acute phase response proteins in rats. Samples were collected at different time points, and proteins were separated by a gradient gel electrophoresis. (2)H labeling of tryptic peptides was analyzed by ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LTQ MS/MS) for measurement of the fractional synthesis rates of plasma proteins. The high sensitivity of LTQ MS in zoom scan mode in combination with (2)H label amplification in proteolytic peptides allows detection of the changes in plasma protein synthesis related to animal nutritional status. Our results demonstrate that fasting has divergent effects on the rate of synthesis of plasma proteins, increasing synthesis of ApoB 100 but decreasing formation of albumin and fibrinogen. We conclude that this technique can effectively measure the synthesis of plasma proteins and can be used to study the regulation of protein homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- From the Departments of ‡Research Core Services and
| | | | - Nadia Rachdaoui
- §School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - John P. Kirwan
- ¶Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Rovshan G. Sadygov
- the ‖Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, and
| | - William C. Stanley
- the **Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595
| | - Stephen Previs
- §School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Takhar Kasumov
- ¶Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Dasarathy S, Kasumov T, Edmison JM, Gruca LL, Bennett C, Duenas C, Marczewski S, McCullough AJ, Hanson RW, Kalhan SC. Glycine and urea kinetics in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in human: effect of intralipid infusion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G567-75. [PMID: 19571235 PMCID: PMC2739817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00042.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rates of oxidation of glycine and ureagenesis were quantified in the basal state and in response to an intravenous infusion of intralipid with heparin (IL) in healthy subjects (n = 8) and in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 6). During fasting, no significant difference in weight-specific rate of appearance (R(a)) of glycine, glycine oxidation, and urea synthesis was observed. Intralipid infusion resulted in a significant increase in plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate in both groups. The correlation between free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in plasma was 0.94 in NASH compared with 0.4 in controls, indicating greater hepatic fatty acid oxidation in NASH. Intralipid infusion resulted in a significant decrease in urea synthesis and glycine R(a) in both groups and did not impact glycine oxidation. The fractional contribution of glycine carbon to serine was lower in subjects with NASH before and after IL infusion. In contrast, the fractional contribution of serine carbon to cystathionine was higher in NASH before and following IL infusion. These results suggest that hepatic fatty acid oxidation is higher in NASH compared with controls and that glycine oxidation and urea synthesis are not altered. An increase in oxidative stress, induced by a higher rate of fatty acid oxidation in NASH, may have caused an increase in the contribution of serine to cystathionine to meet the higher demands for glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John M. Edmison
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lourdes L. Gruca
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carole Bennett
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Clarita Duenas
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susan Marczewski
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arthur J. McCullough
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard W. Hanson
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Satish C. Kalhan
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Gormsen LC, Gjedsted J, Gjedde S, Nørrelund H, Christiansen JS, Schmitz O, Jørgensen JOL, Møller N. Dose-response effects of free fatty acids on amino acid metabolism and ureagenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 192:369-79. [PMID: 17973949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important fuels and have vital protein-sparing effects, particularly during conditions of metabolic stress and fasting. However, it is uncertain whether these beneficial effects are evident throughout the physiological range or only occur at very high FFA concentrations. It is also unclear whether secondary alterations in hormone levels and ketogenesis play a role. We therefore aimed at describing dose-response relationships between amino acid metabolism and circulating FFA concentrations at clamped hormone levels. METHODS Eight healthy men were studied on four occasions (6 h basal, 2 h glucose clamp). Endogenous lipolysis was blocked with acipimox and Intralipid was infused at varying rates (0, 3, 6 or 12 microL kg(-1) min(-1)) to obtain four different levels of circulating FFAs. Endogenous growth hormone, insulin and glucagon secretion was blocked by somatostatin (300 microg h(-1)) and replaced exogenously. 15N-phenylalanine, 2H4-tyrosine and 13C-urea were infused continuously to assess protein turnover and ureagenesis. RESULTS We obtained four distinct levels of FFA concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 2.1 mmol L(-1) and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations from 10 to 360 micromol L(-1). Whole-body phenylalanine turnover and phenylalanine-to-tyrosine degradation decreased with increasing FFA levels as did insulin-stimulated forearm fluxes of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine, tyrosine and urea concentrations also decreased progressively, whereas urea turnover was unperturbed. CONCLUSION Circulating FFAs decrease amino acid concentrations and inhibit whole-body phenylalanine fluxes and phenylalanine-to-tyrosine conversion. Our data cover FFA concentrations from 0 to 2 mmol L(-1) and indicate that FFAs exert their protein conserving effects in the upper physiological range (>1.5 mmol L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gormsen
- Medical Department M (Endocrinology & Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Goldwasser P, Feldman JG, Emiru M, Barth RH. Effect of dialysis modality on plasma fibrinogen concentration: A meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:941-9. [PMID: 15558516 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of plasma fibrinogen, a vascular risk factor, tend to be greater in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) than hemodialysis (HD) therapy, like concentrations of serum cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and transthyretin, despite the substantial loss of protein during PD. Worse vascular outcome has been noted in PD patients compared with HD patients in several studies. METHODS In this study, the mean difference in plasma fibrinogen levels (PD-HD) was quantified by means of meta-analysis of mean differences found in 12 cohorts with both PD and HD patients (set 1; N = 630) by using a fixed-effects model and meta-analysis of mean fibrinogen values reported in 30 cohorts of patients on a single dialysis modality (set 2; 8 PD cohorts, 22 HD cohorts; N = 2,096) by using a mixed model. RESULTS On meta-analysis, the weighted mean difference (PD-HD) was 105 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 124 [3.1 micromol/L; 95% CI, 2.5 to 3.6]) in set 1 and 103 mg/dL (95% CI, 53 to 153 [3.0 micromol/L; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.5) in set 2. CONCLUSION Like other vascular risk factors, such as cholesterol and lipoprotein(a), plasma fibrinogen level is markedly greater in PD than HD patients, with an approximate difference of 100 mg/dL [2.9 mumol/L]. Different plasma reference ranges for fibrinogen need to be defined for PD and HD patients. The mechanism for the difference and the possible role of hyperfibrinogenemia in worsening vascular disease in PD patients deserve study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Goldwasser
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare Center, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA.
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