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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Silva RLS, Bertuzzi R, De Oliveira FR, Pires FO, Lima-Silva AE. Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate availability on fat oxidation and energy expenditure after a high-intensity exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6964. [PMID: 29590260 PMCID: PMC5886548 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) availability potentiates fat oxidation after an exhaustive high-intensity exercise bout. Eight physically active men underwent a high-intensity exercise (∼95% V̇O2max) until exhaustion under low or high pre-exercise CHO availability. The protocol to manipulate pre-exercise CHO availability consisted of a 90-min cycling bout at ∼70% V̇O2max + 6 × 1-min at 125% V̇O2max with 1-min rest, followed by 48 h under a low- (10% CHO, low-CHO availability) or high-CHO diet (80% CHO, high-CHO availability). Time to exhaustion was shorter and energy expenditure (EE) lower during the high-intensity exercise in low- compared to high-CHO availability (8.6±0.8 and 11.4±1.6 min, and 499±209 and 677±343 kJ, respectively, P<0.05). Post-exercise EE was similar between low- and high-CHO availability (425±147 and 348±54 kJ, respectively, P>0.05), but post-exercise fat oxidation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in low- (7,830±1,864 mg) than in high-CHO availability (6,264±1,763 mg). The total EE (i.e., exercise EE plus post-exercise EE) was similar between low- and high-CHO availability (924±264 and 1,026±340 kJ, respectively, P>0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of high-intensity exercise performed under low-CHO availability increased post-exercise fat oxidation, and even with shorter exercise duration, both post-exercise EE and total EE were not impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - L C Felippe
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R L S Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio, Escola de Educação FÃsica e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F R De Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Educação FÃsica, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - F O Pires
- Grupo de Estudos em Psico-fisiologia do ExercÃcio, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa Desempenho Humano, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Schoffelen PFM, Plasqui G. Classical experiments in whole-body metabolism: open-circuit respirometry-diluted flow chamber, hood, or facemask systems. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:33-49. [PMID: 29080000 PMCID: PMC5754424 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that 'open circuit diluted flow' is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated VO2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJÂ min-1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJÂ min-1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F M Schoffelen
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G Plasqui
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ferreira GA, Bertuzzi R, De-Oliveira FR, Pires FO, Lima-Silva AE. High-CHO diet increases post-exercise oxygen consumption after a supramaximal exercise bout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5656. [PMID: 27783812 PMCID: PMC5089236 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if carbohydrate (CHO) availability could affect the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after a single supramaximal exercise bout. Five physically active men cycled at 115% of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak) until exhaustion with low or high pre-exercise CHO availability. The endogenous CHO stores were manipulated by performing a glycogen-depletion exercise protocol 48 h before the trial, followed by 48 h consuming either a low- (10% CHO) or a high-CHO (80% CHO) diet regime. Compared to the low-CHO diet, the high-CHO diet increased time to exhaustion (3.0±0.6 min vs 4.4±0.6, respectively, P=0.01) and the total O2 consumption during the exercise (6.9±0.9 L and 11.3±2.1, respectively, P=0.01). This was accompanied by a higher EPOC magnitude (4.6±1.8 L vs 6.2±2.8, respectively, P=0.03) and a greater total O2 consumption throughout the session (exercise+recovery: 11.5±2.5 L vs 17.5±4.2, respectively, P=0.01). These results suggest that a single bout of supramaximal exercise performed with high CHO availability increases both exercise and post-exercise energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio da USP, Escola de Educação FÃsica e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F R De-Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Educação FÃsica, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - F O Pires
- Grupo de Estudos em Psico-fisiologia do ExercÃcio, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
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