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Du R, Shi X, Chen F, Wang L, Liang H, Hu G. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: A Novel Stimulator of Somatolactin in Teleost Pituitary Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2770. [PMID: 38132090 PMCID: PMC10741825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is known for its crucial role in the stress response system, which could induce pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion to promote glucocorticoid release in the adrenal gland. However, little is known about other pituitary actions of CRH in teleosts. Somatolactin is a fish-specific hormone released from the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the posterior pituitary. A previous study has reported that ACTH was also located in the pituitary NIL region. Interestingly, our present study found that CRH could significantly induce two somatolactin isoforms' (SLα and SLβ) secretion and synthesis in primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells. Pharmacological analysis further demonstrated that CRH-induced pituitary somatolactin expression was mediated by the AC/cAMP/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed that both SLα and SLβ should play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in primary cultured hepatocytes. These results indicate that CRH is a novel stimulator of somatolactins in teleost pituitary cells, and somatolactins may participate in the stress response by regulating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Du
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (R.D.); (X.S.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
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2
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Zheng Y, Ye C, He M, Ko WKW, Chan YW, Wong AOL. Goldfish adiponectin: (I) molecular cloning, tissue distribution, recombinant protein expression, and novel function as a satiety factor in fish model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1283298. [PMID: 38027109 PMCID: PMC10643153 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1283298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (AdipoQ) is an adipokine involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. In mammals, its role in appetite control is highly controversial. To shed light on the comparative aspects of AdipoQ in lower vertebrates, goldfish was used as a model to study feeding regulation by AdipoQ in fish species. As a first step, goldfish AdipoQ was cloned and found to be ubiquitously expressed at the tissue level. Using sequence alignment, protein modeling, phylogenetic analysis and comparative synteny, goldfish AdipoQ was shown to be evolutionarily related to its fish counterparts and structurally comparable with AdipoQ in higher vertebrates. In our study, recombinant goldfish AdipoQ was expressed in E. coli, purified by IMAC, and confirmed to be bioactive via activation of AdipoQ receptors expressed in HepG2 cells. Feeding in goldfish revealed that plasma levels of AdipoQ and its transcript expression in the liver and brain areas involved in appetite control including the telencephalon, optic tectum, and hypothalamus could be elevated by food intake. In parallel studies, IP and ICV injection of recombinant goldfish AdipoQ in goldfish was effective in reducing foraging behaviors and food consumption. Meanwhile, transcript expression of orexigenic factors (NPY, AgRP, orexin, and apelin) was suppressed with parallel rises in anorexigenic factors (POMC, CART, CCK, and MCH) in the telencephalon, optic tectum and/or hypothalamus. In these brain areas, transcript signals for leptin receptor were upregulated with concurrent drops in the NPY receptor and ghrelin receptors. In the experiment with IP injection of AdipoQ, transcript expression of leptin was also elevated with a parallel drop in ghrelin mRNA in the liver. These findings suggest that AdipoQ can act as a novel satiety factor in goldfish. In this case, AdipoQ signals (both central and peripheral) can be induced by feeding and act within the brain to inhibit feeding behaviors and food intake via differential regulation of orexigenic/anorexigenic factors and their receptors. The feeding inhibition observed may also involve the hepatic action of AdipoQ by modulation of feeding regulators expressed in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anderson O. L. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Makowczenko KG, Jastrzebski JP, Kiezun M, Paukszto L, Dobrzyn K, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. Adaptation of the Porcine Pituitary Transcriptome, Spliceosome and Editome during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065946. [PMID: 36983019 PMCID: PMC10053595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms of the porcine reproduction are relatively well-known. However, transcriptomic changes and the mechanisms accompanying transcription and translation processes in various reproductive organs, as well as their dependence on hormonal status, are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to gain a principal understanding of alterations within the transcriptome, spliceosome and editome occurring in the pituitary of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.), which controls basic physiological processes in the reproductive system. In this investigation, we performed extensive analyses of data obtained by high-throughput sequencing of RNA from the gilts' pituitary anterior lobes during embryo implantation and the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. During analyses, we obtained detailed information on expression changes of 147 genes and 43 long noncoding RNAs, observed 784 alternative splicing events and also found the occurrence of 8729 allele-specific expression sites and 122 RNA editing events. The expression profiles of the selected 16 phenomena were confirmed by PCR or qPCR techniques. As a final result of functional meta-analysis, we acquired knowledge regarding intracellular pathways that induce changes in the processes accompanying transcription and translation regulation, which may induce modifications in the secretory activity of the porcine adenohypophyseal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol G Makowczenko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Yan Y, Dong R, Zhang C, Jiang Q. Interleukin-6 mediates lipopolysaccharide-inhibited irisin secretion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:99-107. [PMID: 34965444 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a novel immunomodulatory adipomyokine released upon cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). We aimed to examine interleukin-6 (IL-6) role in mediating irisin secretion in immunologically challenged animal and primary head kidney leukocytes cultured from tilapia. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased plasma IL-6 levels and decreased irisin secretion, suggesting a causal relationship between the induction of IL-6 and irisin. To address this relationship, we further produced recombinant tilapia IL-6 and the anti-tilapia IL-6 polyclonal antiserum. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant tilapia IL-6 inhibited plasma irisin levels. Consistent with this observation, LPS-induced inhibition of plasma irisin was significantly attenuated by neutralizing circulating IL-6 using an IL-6 antiserum. Besides, IL-6 treatment could inhibit irisin secretion and FNDC5 gene expression in primary cultures of tilapia head kidney leukocytes. In parallel experiments, both LPS and IL-6 blockade of irisin secretion could be reverted by IL-6 receptor antagonism. At the level of the leukocyte, IL-6 treatment also triggered rapid phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), whereas IL-6-reduced irisin secretion could be negated by inhibiting the JAK2 and STAT3 signaling pathways. These results, as a whole, provide the first evidence that IL-6 is the mediator of LPS-inhibited irisin secretion via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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5
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Santiago-Andres Y, Golan M, Fiordelisio T. Functional Pituitary Networks in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:619352. [PMID: 33584547 PMCID: PMC7873642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is a master endocrine gland that developed early in vertebrate evolution and therefore exists in all modern vertebrate classes. The last decade has transformed our view of this key organ. Traditionally, the pituitary has been viewed as a randomly organized collection of cells that respond to hypothalamic stimuli by secreting their content. However, recent studies have established that pituitary cells are organized in tightly wired large-scale networks that communicate with each other in both homo and heterotypic manners, allowing the gland to quickly adapt to changing physiological demands. These networks functionally decode and integrate the hypothalamic and systemic stimuli and serve to optimize the pituitary output into the generation of physiologically meaningful hormone pulses. The development of 3D imaging methods and transgenic models have allowed us to expand the research of functional pituitary networks into several vertebrate classes. Here we review the establishment of pituitary cell networks throughout vertebrate evolution and highlight the main perspectives and future directions needed to decipher the way by which pituitary networks serve to generate hormone pulses in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgui Santiago-Andres
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Trudeau VL, Somoza GM. Multimodal hypothalamo-hypophysial communication in the vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113475. [PMID: 32240708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate pituitary is arguably one of the most complex endocrine glands from the evolutionary, anatomical and functional perspectives. The pituitary plays a master role in endocrine physiology for the control of growth, metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and the stress response, among many other key processes. The synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are under the control of neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus. Under this conceptual framework, the communication between the hypophysiotropic brain and the pituitary gland is at the foundation of our understanding of endocrinology. The anatomy of the connections between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland has been described in different vertebrate classes, revealing diverse modes of communication together with varying degrees of complexity. In this context, the evolution and variation in the neuronal, neurohemal, endocrine and paracrine modes will be reviewed in light of recent discoveries, and a re-evaluation of earlier observations. There appears to be three main hypothalamo-pituitary communication systems: 1. Diffusion, best exemplified by the agnathans; 2. Direct innervation of the adenohypophysis, which is most developed in teleost fish, and 3. The median eminence/portal blood vessel system, most conspicuously developed in tetrapods, showing also considerable variation between classes. Upon this basic classification, there exists various combinations possible, giving rise to taxon and species-specific, multimodal control over major physiological processes. Intrapituitary paracrine regulation and communication between folliculostellate cells and endocrine cells are additional processes of major importance. Thus, a more complex evolutionary picture of hypothalamo-hypophysial communication is emerging. There is currently little direct evidence to suggest which neuroendocrine genes may control the evolution of one communication system versus another. However, studies at the developmental and intergenerational timescales implicate several genes in the angiogenesis and axonal guidance pathways that may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires B7130IWA, Argentina.
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7
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Zhang C, Lian A, Xu Y, Jiang Q. Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Glucagon-Induced Somatolactin Secretion and Gene Expression in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Pituitary Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:629077. [PMID: 33613457 PMCID: PMC7890253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.629077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon (GCG) plays a stimulatory role in pituitary hormone regulation, although previous studies have not defined the molecular mechanism whereby GCG affects pituitary hormone secretion. To this end, we identified two distinct proglucagons, Gcga and Gcgb, as well as GCG receptors, Gcgra and Gcgrb, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using the cAMP response element (CRE)-luciferase reporter system, tilapia GCGa and GCGb could reciprocally activate the two GCG receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that differential expression of the Gcga and Gcgb and their cognate receptors Gcgra and Gcgrb was found in the various tissues of tilapia. In particular, the Gcgrb is abundantly expressed in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary gland. In primary cultures of tilapia NIL cells, GCGb effectively stimulated SL release, with parallel rises in the mRNA levels, and co-incubation with the GCG antagonist prevented GCGb-stimulated SL release. In parallel experiments, GCGb treatment dose-dependently enhanced intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation with increasing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) concentration and the resulting in transient increases of Ca2+ signals in the primary NIL cell culture. Using selective pharmacological approaches, the adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C (PLC)/IP3/Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)/CaMK-II pathways were shown to be involved in GCGb-induced SL release and mRNA expression. Together, these results provide evidence for the first time that GCGb can act at the pituitary level to stimulate SL release and gene expression via GCGRb through the activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA and PLC/IP3/Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II cascades.
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8
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Zhang Z, Wen H, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Lyu L, Qi X. TAC3 Gene Products Regulate Brain and Digestive System Gene Expression in the Spotted Sea Bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31474940 PMCID: PMC6702303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) is a member of the tachykinin (tac) family that plays important roles in mammalian growth by modulating prolactin (PRL) synthesis and secretion and causing contraction of the stomach and intestine. However, its potential role in regulating growth of teleosts is less clear. We aimed to explore the role that NKB plays in regulating fish growth using the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) as a model. In the present study, two tac3 and two tacr3 genes were identified in the spotted sea bass. Sequence analysis showed that two tac3 transcripts, tac3a and tac3b, encode four NKBs: NKBa-13, NKBa-10, NKBb-13, and NKBb-10. Expression analysis in different tissues showed that both genes are highly expressed in the brain, stomach and intestine of the spotted sea bass. In situ hybridization indicated that the tac3a and tac3b mRNAs are both localized in several brain regions, such as the telencephalon and hypothalamus, and that tacr3a and tacr3b are localized in the intestinal villus and gastric gland. To investigate the potential role of NKBs in regulating growth, in vitro experiments were performed to detect the effect of NKBs on growth-related gene expression in the brain and brain-gut peptide (BGP)-related genes in the stomach and intestine. NKBb-13 was the most critical ligand in regulating the expression of growth-related genes in the brain and brain-gut peptide (BGP)-related genes in the stomach. The expression of cholecystokinin (cck) was enhanced by NKBa-13, NKBa-10, and NKBb-10 but not NKBb-13 in the intestine. In general, our results showed that NKBs participate in regulating the growth of spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Hu G, He M, Ko WKW, Ye C, Hu Q, Wong AOL. IGFs Potentiate TAC3-induced SLα Expression via Upregulation of TACR3 Expression in Grass Carp Pituitary Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080887. [PMID: 31412674 PMCID: PMC6721824 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the tachykinin 3 (TAC3)/tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3) systems have been confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of puberty onset. Using grass carp pituitary cells as the model, our recent study found that the TAC3 gene products could significantly induce somatolactin α (SLα) synthesis and secretion via TACR3 activation. In the present study, we seek to examine if pituitary TACR3 can serve as a regulatory target and contribute to TAC3 interactions with other SLα regulators. Firstly, grass carp TACR3 was cloned and tissue distribution showed that it could be highly detected in grass carp pituitary. Using HEK293 cells as the model, functional expression also revealed that grass carp TACR3 exhibited ligand binding selectivity and post-receptor signaling highly comparable to its mammalian counterpart. Using grass carp pituitary cells as the model, TACR3 mRNA expression could be stimulated by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II via the IGF-I receptor coupled to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Interestingly, IGF-I/-II cotreatment could also significantly enhance TAC3-induced SLα mRNA expression and the potentiating effect was dependent on TACR3 expression and activation of adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)/protein kinase C (PKC), and Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) cascades. Besides, IGF-I-induced Akt phosphorylation but not MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and P38MAPK phosphorylation was notably enhanced by TACR3 activation. These results, as a whole, suggest that the potentiating effect of IGFs on TAC3 gene products-induced SLα mRNA expression was mediated by TACR3 upregulation and functional crosstalk of post-receptor signaling in the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy K W Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiongyao Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Liu XH, Xie BW, Wang ZJ, Zhang YG. Characterization and expression analyses of somatolactin-α and -β genes in rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) following waterborne cadmium exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:983-995. [PMID: 29550894 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends), somatolactin-α (rmSLα) and -β (rmSLβ) were identified from the pituitary gland of rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). The full-length cDNAs of these two genes were 1288 and 801 bp, encoding prepeptides of 250 and 228 amino acids residues, respectively. rmSLβ can be detected in the brain (including the pituitary), ovary, testis, and gill, while rmSLα was mainly expressed in the brain. On the other hand, rmSLα was expressed in all the fetal developmental stages; however, rmSLβ can just be detected in the stages since from 14 h post-fertilization (hpf). After exposure to acute waterborne cadmium (Cd), rmSLα was distinctly upregulated in juvenile rare minnows at all detected time points, from 24 to 96 h and 10 days, while rmSLβ was significantly altered only in 96 h or 10-day treatment groups. As for adults, acute Cd exposure caused alterations of both rmSLα and rmSLβ in the brain (containing the pituitary) at the 24 h; subchronic waterborne Cd treatment led to upregulation of rmSLα, while decrease of mSLβ in the brain. Alteration of rmSL transcripts following waterborne Cd exposure further confirmed the endocrine disruption of this heavy metal. Besides, exposure to as low as 5 μg/L Cd caused alteration of rmSLα, which suggested that rmSLα might be a potential biomarker for risk assessment of aquatic Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bi-Wen Xie
- Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, School of Life Science, Neijiang, 641000, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yao-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Jiang Q, Bai J, He M, Yuen KWY, Wong AOL. Mechanisms Underlying the Synergistic Action of Insulin and Growth Hormone on IGF-I and -II Expression in Grass Carp Hepatocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 29977227 PMCID: PMC6021495 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, insulin is known to modify growth hormone (GH)-induced IGF-I expression at the hepatic level, which also contributes to the functional crosstalk between energy homeostasis and somatotropic axis. However, the studies on the comparative aspects of this phenomenon are limited and the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. Using a serum-free culture of grass carp hepatoctyes, the functional interaction between GH and insulin on hepatic expression of IGF-I and -II was examined in a fish model. In carp hepatocytes, GH could up-regulate IGF-I and -II mRNA expression via the JAK2/STAT5, MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These stimulatory effects were mimicked by insulin via activation of the PI3K/Akt but not MEK/ERK and P38 MAPK cascades. Although insulin did not activate JAK2 and STAT5 at hepatocyte level, insulin-induced IGF-I and -II mRNA expression were highly dependent on the normal functioning of JAK2/STAT5 pathway. In parallel experiments, insulin co-treatment was found to markedly enhance IGF-I and -II responses induced by GH and these potentiating effects were mediated by insulin receptor (InsR) but not IGF-I receptor. Interestingly, co-treatment with GH also enhanced insulin-induced InsR phosphorylation with a current elevation in protein:protein interaction between GH receptor and phosphorylated InsR and these stimulatory effects were noted with further enhancement in STAT5, ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation at hepatocyte level. Consistent with these findings, the potentiating effects of GH and insulin co-treatment on IGF-I and -II mRNA expression were found to be suppressed/abolished by inhibiting JAK2/STAT5, MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt but not P38 MAPK pathways. These results, as a whole, suggest that insulin and GH can act in a synergistic manner in the carp liver to up-regulate IGF-I and -II expression through protein:protein interaction at the receptor level followed by potentiation in post-receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen W. Y. Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O. L. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Anderson O. L. Wong
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Peng J, Yang P, Zhang Q, Jiang Q. Tilapia adropin: the localization and regulation of growth hormone gene expression in pituitary cells. Peptides 2017; 97:1-7. [PMID: 28917652 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adropin, encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene, plays a role in energy homeostasis and the control of vascular function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of adropin in growth hormone (GH) gene expression at the pituitary level in tilapia. As a first step, the antiserum for the tilapia adropin was produced, and its specificity was confirmed by antiserum preabsorption and immunohistochemical staining in the tilapia pituitary. Adropin could be detected immunocytochemically in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the tilapia pituitary. In primary cultures of tilapia pituitary cells, tilapia adropin was effective in increasing GH mRNA levels. However, removal of endogenous adropin by immunoneutralization using adropin antiserum inhibited GH gene expression. In parallel experiments, pituitary cells co-treated with ovine pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 38 (oPACAP38) and adropin showed a similar increase level compared to those treated with oPACAP38 alone, whereas insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) not only had an inhibitory effect on basal GH mRNA levels, but also could abolish adropin stimulation of GH gene expression. In pituitary cells pretreated with actinomycin D, the half-life of GH mRNA was enhanced by adropin. Taken together, these findings suggest that adropin may serve as a novel local stimulator for GH gene expression in tilapia pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianPeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environmaent of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environmaent of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environmaent of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environmaent of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Lian A, Xu Y. Irisin stimulates gonadotropins gene expression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pituitary cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fung RSK, Bai J, Yuen KWY, Wong AOL. Activin/follistatin system in grass carp pituitary cells: - Regulation by local release of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone and its functional role in growth hormone synthesis and secretion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179789. [PMID: 28662143 PMCID: PMC5491050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophin regulation by activin/follistatin system is well-documented, but the corresponding effect on growth hormone (GH) has not been fully characterized and with little information available in lower vertebrates, especially in fish models. In grass carp, local interactions of GH and luteinizing hormone (LH) can induce GH release and gene expression at pituitary level via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. To shed light on the role of activin/follistatin system in GH regulation by local actions of GH and LH, grass carp activin βA and βB were cloned, shown to be single-copy genes expressed in the pituitary, and confirmed to encode activin proteins capable of transactivating promoter with activin-responsive elements. In grass carp pituitary cells, activin A and B were effective in reducing GH secretion and GH cell content with concurrent drop in GH mRNA level whereas the opposite was true for follistatin, the activin-binding protein known to neutralize the effects of endogenous activin. Treatment with activin A and B not only could suppress basal but also inhibit GH mRNA expression induced by GH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a functional analogue of LH in fish model. Apparently, down-regulation of GH mRNA by activin was mediated by reducing GH transcript stability with concurrent inhibition on GH promoter activity via the SMAD pathway. In reciprocal experiments, GH treatment was found to up-regulate activin βA, activin βB and follistatin mRNA levels in carp pituitary cells but the opposite was noted by removing endogenous GH with GH antiserum. Interestingly, parallel treatment with hCG could also inhibit basal as well as GH-induced activin βA, activin βB and follistatin gene expression. These results, as a whole, indicate that the pituitary activin/follistatin system can serve as a regulatory target for local interactions of GH and LH and contribute to GH regulation by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms in the carp pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S. K. Fung
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen W. Y. Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O. L. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hu G, He M, Ko WKW, Wong AOL. TAC1 Gene Products Regulate Pituitary Hormone Secretion and Gene Expression in Prepubertal Grass Carp Pituitary Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1776-1797. [PMID: 28323939 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tachykinin-1 (TAC1) is known to have diverse functions in mammals, but similar information is scarce in fish species. Using grass carp as a model, the pituitary actions, receptor specificity and postreceptor signaling of TAC1 gene products, namely substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), were examined. TAC1 encoding SP and NKA as well as tachykinin receptors NK1R and NK2R were cloned in the carp pituitary. The newly cloned receptors were shown to be functional with properties similar to mammalian counterparts. In carp pituitary cells, SP and NKA could trigger luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and somatolactin α (SLα) secretion, with parallel rises in PRL and SLα transcripts. Short-term SP treatment (3 hours) induced LH release, whereas prolonged induction (24 hours) could attenuate LHβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. At pituitary cell level, LH, PRL, and SLα regulation by TAC1 gene products were mediated by NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R, respectively. Apparently, SP- and NKA-induced LH and SLα secretion and transcript expression were mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), phospholiphase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C (PKC), and Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)/CaM-dependent protein kinase-II pathways. The signal transduction for PRL responses was similar, except for the absence of a PKC component. Regarding SP inhibition of LHβ mRNA expression, the cAMP/PKA- and PLC/PKC-dependent (but not Ca2+/CaM-dependent) cascades were involved. These results, as a whole, suggest that TAC1 gene products play a role in LH, PRL, and SLα regulation via overlapping postreceptor signaling coupled to different subtypes of tachykinin receptor expressed in the carp pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy K W Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Siegenthaler A, Mondal D, Benvenuto C. Quantifying pigment cover to assess variation in animal colouration. Biol Methods Protoc 2017; 2:bpx003. [PMID: 32161786 PMCID: PMC6994029 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of animal colouration addresses fundamental and applied aspects relevant to a wide range of fields, including behavioural ecology, environmental adaptation and visual ecology. Although a variety of methods are available to measure animal colours, only few focus on chromatophores (specialized cells containing pigments) and pigment migration. Here, we illustrate a freely available and user-friendly method to quantify pigment cover (PiC) with high precision and low effort using digital images, where the foreground (i.e. pigments in chromatophores) can be detected and separated from the background. Images of the brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, were used to compare PiC with the traditional Chromatophore Index (CI). Results indicate that PiC outcompetes CI for pigment detection and transparency measures in terms of speed, accuracy and precision. The proposed methodology provides researchers with a useful tool to answer essential physiological, behavioural and evolutionary questions on animal colouration in a wide range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjin Siegenthaler
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Chiara Benvenuto
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
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17
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Lian A, Li X, Jiang Q. Irisin inhibition of growth hormone secretion in cultured tilapia pituitary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:395-406. [PMID: 27693813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, the product of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene, is well-documented to be a regulator of energy metabolism. At present, not much is known about its biological function in non-mammalian species. In this study, a full-length tilapia FDNC5 was cloned and its tissue expression pattern has been confirmed. Based on the sequence obtained, we produced and purified recombinant irisin which could induce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene expression in tilapia hepatocytes. Further, the rabbit polyclonal irisin antiserum was produced and its specificity was confirmed by antiserum preabsorption. In tilapia pituitary cells, irisin inhibited growth hormone (GH) gene expression and secretion and triggered rapid phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, irisin-inhibited GH mRNA expression could be prevented by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, MEK1/2, and p38 MAPK, respectively. Apparently, fish irisin can act directly at the pituitary level to inhibit GH transcript expression via multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anji Lian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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18
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Novel Functional Role of NK3R Expression in the Potentiating Effects on Somatolactin α Autoregulation in grass carp pituitary cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36102. [PMID: 27786296 PMCID: PMC5081563 DOI: 10.1038/srep36102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, NKB/NK3R system has been shown to act at the pituitary level to up-regulate SLα synthesis and secretion in grass carp. However, whether NK3R expression can serve as a regulatory target at the pituitary level and contribute to NKB interactions with other SLα regulators is still unclear. In current study, using grass carp pituitary cells as a model, we have a novel finding that co-treatment of SLα/SLβ with carp TAC3 gene products, could induce a noticeable enhancement in SLα mRNA expression and these potentiating effects occurred with a parallel rise in NK3R transcript level after SLα/SLβ treatment. Interestingly, the stimulatory effects of SLα/SLβ on NK3R gene expression could be further potentiated by co-treatment with IGF-I/-II and simultaneous exposure of carp pituitary cells to SLα/SLβ and IGF-I/-II in the presence of TAC3 gene products was found to markedly elevated SLα mRNA expression (20 fold increase) and this synergistic stimulation was mediated by cAMP/PKA-, PLC/PKC- and Ca2+ -dependent cascades functionally coupled with NK3R activation. These findings suggest that local release of SLα via functional interactions with IGF-I/-II and TAC3/NK3R system may constitute a potent stimulatory signal for SLα gene expression in the carp pituitary via up-regulation of NK3R expression.
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Komine R, Nishimaki T, Kimura T, Oota H, Naruse K, Homma N, Fukamachi S. Transgenic medaka that overexpress growth hormone have a skin color that does not indicate the activation or inhibition of somatolactin-α signal. Gene 2016; 584:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Jiang X, Xiao J, He M, Ma A, Wong AOL. Type II SOCS as a feedback repressor for GH-induced Igf1 expression in carp hepatocytes. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:171-86. [PMID: 27271287 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) serve as feedback repressors for cytokines and are known to inhibit growth hormone (GH) actions. However, direct evidence for SOCS modulation of GH-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression is lacking, and the post-receptor signaling for SOCS expression at the hepatic level is still unclear. To shed light on the comparative aspects of SOCS in GH functions, grass carp was used as a model to study the role of type II SOCS in GH-induced Igf1 expression. Structural identity of type II SOCS, Socs1-3 and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (Cish), was established in grass carp by 5'/3'-RACE, and their expression at both transcript and protein levels were confirmed in the liver by RT-PCR and LC/MS/MS respectively. In carp hepatocytes, GH treatment induced rapid phosphorylation of JAK2, STATs, MAPK, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) with parallel rises in socs1-3 and cish mRNA levels, and these stimulatory effects on type II SOCS were shown to occur before the gradual loss of igf1 gene expression caused by prolonged exposure of GH. Furthermore, GH-induced type II SOCS gene expression could be negated by inhibiting JAK2, STATs, MEK1/2, P38 (MAPK), PI3K, and/or Akt respectively. In CHO cells transfected with carp GH receptor, over-expression of these newly cloned type II SOCS not only suppressed JAK2/STAT5 signaling with GH treatment but also inhibited GH-induced grass carp Igf1 promoter activity. These results, taken together, suggest that type II SOCS could be induced by GH in the carp liver via JAK2/STATs, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt cascades and serve as feedback repressors for GH signaling and induction of igf1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jia Xiao
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ani Ma
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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21
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Awad MS, Alrifai SB. Assessment of serum prolactin levels in acute myocardial infarction: The role of pharmacotherapy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:72-79. [PMID: 26904472 PMCID: PMC4743388 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.172240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperprolactinemia may reflect neuroendocrine stress reaction against acute coronary syndromes. AIM The aim of the present study was evaluation of the serum prolactin level in the acute myocardial infarction (MI) regarding the current pharmacotherapy in management of MI. SETTING AND DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional clinical study involved all patients with acute MI in a coronary care unit, a total number of 44 patients (45% males and 55% females) with age ranged from 40 to 75 years. A full history for modifiable risk factors and current therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and or metformin, all patients are nonsmokers. The anthropometric measurements; for estimations of body mass index (kg/m(2)), electrocardiography was obtained. Fasting blood samples were taken in the morning from all patients and the sera used for estimations of routine investigation and determination of ischemic cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and serum prolactin level. RESULTS This study shows a significant increase in the serum prolactin in acute MI as compared with the control. In acute MI serum cTnI elevation was correlated with serum prolactin increments. In metformin-treated group, there was a lowest prolactin serum level. CONCLUSIONS Serum prolactin level increased in acute MI, and positively correlated with cardiac troponin level and reflects underlying cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed S. Awad
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sinan B. Alrifai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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22
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Berglund E, Daré E, Branca RM, Akcakaya P, Fröbom R, Berggren PO, Lui WO, Larsson C, Zedenius J, Orre L, Lehtiö J, Kim J, Bränström R. Secretome protein signature of human gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:158-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Lin C, Jiang X, Hu G, Ko WKW, Wong AOL. Grass carp prolactin: molecular cloning, tissue expression, intrapituitary autoregulation by prolactin and paracrine regulation by growth hormone and luteinizing hormone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:267-83. [PMID: 25458702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL), a pituitary hormone with diverse functions, is well-documented to be under the control of both hypothalamic and peripheral signals. Intrapituitary modulation of PRL expression via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms has also been reported, but similar information is still lacking in lower vertebrates. To shed light on autocrine/paracrine regulation of PRL in fish model, grass carp PRL was cloned and its expression in the carp pituitary has been confirmed. In grass carp pituitary cells, local secretion of PRL could suppress PRL release with concurrent rises in PRL production and mRNA levels. Paracrine stimulation by growth hormone (GH) was found to up- regulate PRL secretion, PRL production and PRL transcript expression, whereas the opposite was true for the local actions of luteinizing hormone (LH). Apparently, local interactions of PRL, GH and LH via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms could modify PRL production in carp pituitary cells through differential regulation of PRL mRNA stability and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangfu Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy K W Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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24
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Jiang Q, He M, Ko WKW, Wong AOL. Kisspeptin induction of somatolactin-α release in goldfish pituitary cells: functional role of cAMP/PKA-, PLC/PKC-, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent cascades. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E872-84. [PMID: 25184991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00321.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of kisspeptin in the pituitary is firmly established, the signaling mechanisms for the pituitary actions of kisspeptin are still largely unknown. Somatolactin (SL), a member of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL) family, is a pituitary hormone with pleiotropic functions in fish, but its regulation by kisspeptin has not been examined. To investigate the functional role of kisspeptin in SL regulation, expression of two paralogues of goldfish Kiss1 receptors (Kiss1ra and Kiss1rb) were confirmed in immunoidentified SLα but not SLβ cells isolated by RT-PCR coupled with laser capture microdissection. In goldfish pituitary cells prepared from neurointermediate lobe (NIL), synthetic goldfish Kiss decapeptides (gKiss1-10 and gKiss2-10) could increase SLα release. Consistent with the lack of Kiss1r expression in SLβ cells, SLβ release was not altered by kisspeptin stimulation. In parallel experiments, goldfish gKiss1-10 could elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, upregulate protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) activities, and trigger a rapid rise in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in goldfish NIL cells. Using a pharmacological approach, cAMP/PKA and phospholipase C (PLC)/PKC pathways and subsequent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent cascades were shown to be involved in SLα release induced by gKiss1-10. Apparently, the Ca(2+)-dependent cascades were triggered by extracellular Ca(2+) entry via voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels and mobilization of inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Our results demonstrate that gKiss1-10 can act directly at the pituitary level to trigger SLα release via a complex network of post-receptor signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; and
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy K W Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Hu G, He M, Ko WKW, Lin C, Wong AOL. Novel pituitary actions of TAC3 gene products in fish model: receptor specificity and signal transduction for prolactin and somatolactin α regulation by neurokinin B (NKB) and NKB-related peptide in carp pituitary cells. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3582-96. [PMID: 24971612 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TAC3 is a member of tachykinins, and its gene product neurokinin B (NKB) has recently emerged as a key regulator for LH through modulation of kisspeptin/GnRH system within the hypothalamus. In fish models, TAC3 not only encodes NKB but also a novel tachykinin-like peptide called NKB-related peptide (NKBRP), and the pituitary actions of these TAC3 gene products are still unknown. Using grass carp as a model, the direct effects and postreceptor signaling for the 2 TAC3 products were examined at the pituitary level. Grass carp TAC3 was cloned and confirmed to encode NKB and NKBRP similar to that of other fish species. In carp pituitary cells, NKB and NKBRP treatment did not affect LH release and gene expression but up-regulated prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL)α secretion, protein production, and transcript expression. The stimulation by these 2 TAC3 gene products on PRL and SLα release and mRNA levels were mediated by pituitary NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively. Apparently, NKB- and NKBRP-induced SLα secretion and transcript expression were caused by adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C and Ca(2+)/calmodulin/Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation. The signal transduction for the corresponding responses on PRL release and mRNA expression were also similar, except that the protein kinase C component was not involved. These findings suggest that the 2 TAC3 gene products do not play a role in LH regulation at the pituitary level in carp species but may serve as novel stimulators for PRL and SLα synthesis and secretion via overlapping postreceptor signaling mechanisms coupled to NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Azuma M, Suzuki T, Mochida H, Tanaka S, Matsuda K. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates release of somatolactin (SL)-α and SL-β from cultured goldfish pituitary cells via the PAC₁ receptor-signaling pathway, and affects the expression of SL-α and SL-β mRNAs. Peptides 2013; 43:40-7. [PMID: 23422837 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that stimulates the release of adenohypophyseal hormone from the pituitary in fish. In the goldfish, PACAP induces the release of somatolactin (SL), in particular, from cultured pituitary cells. SL belongs to the growth hormone and prolactin family, and comprises two molecular variants termed SL-α and SL-β in goldfish. However, there is no information about the involvement of PACAP in the regulation of SL-α and SL-β release and the expression of their mRNAs. Therefore, we examined the effect of PACAP on SL-α and SL-β release from cultured goldfish pituitary cells. Treatment with PACAP (10(-10)-10(-7)M) increased the release of both SL-α and SL-β. The stimulatory action of PACAP (10(-9)M) on SL-α and SL-β release was blocked by treatment with a PACAP-selective receptor (PAC1R) antagonist, PACAP(6-38) (10(-6)M). We also examined whether PACAP affects the expression of SL-α and SL-β mRNAs in cultured pituitary cells. Treatment with PACAP (10(-9) and 10(-8)M) for 6h decreased the expression level of SL-α mRNA but increased that of SL-β mRNA. The action of PACAP (10(-8)M) on SL-β mRNA expression was blocked by treatment with PACAP(6-38) (10(-6)M), whereas PACAP(6-38) elicited no change in the expression of SL-α mRNA. These results indicate that in cultured goldfish pituitary cells, PACAP stimulates the release of SL-α and SL-β, and expression of SL-β mRNA, via the PAC1R-signaling pathway. However, the mechanism whereby PACAP inhibits the expression of SL-α mRNA does not seem to be mediated by PAC1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Azuma
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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