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Xu WY, Li XW, Sun JX, Malhi KK, Li XN, Li JL. Cadmium causes spleen toxicity in chickens by regulating mitochondrial unfolded protein response and nuclear receptors response. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104167. [PMID: 39180780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that pollutes the environment and threatens human and animal health via the food chain. The spleen is one of the target organs affected by Cd toxicity. However, the mechanism of Cd toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, 80 chicks were allocated into 4 groups (n = 20) and exposed to different doses of CdCl2 (0 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg) for 90 d. The pathological changes in the spleen, mitochondrial dynamics-related factors, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system contents, activities, transcription levels, nuclear receptors (NRs) response molecule levels, and mitochondrial unfolded protein-related factors were detected. The findings indicate that exposure to Cd significantly leads to spleen injury. In Cd groups, the total contents of CYP450 and cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5) increased, and the activities of the CYP450 enzyme system (APND, ERND, AH, and NCR) changed. The NRs response was induced, and the gene levels of AHR/CAR and corresponding CYP450 isoforms (CYP1B1, CYP1A5, CYP1A1, CYP2C18, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) were found altered. The study found that Cd exposure altered the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related factors, such as OPA1, Fis1, MFF, Mfn1, and Mfn2, breaking mitochondrial fusion and cleavage and ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Changes were detected in the gene levels of several mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-related factors, namely (SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, SOD2, and HtrA2). Cd also altered the gene levels of mitochondrial function-related factors (VDAC1, Cyt-C, COA6, PRDX3, RAF and SIRT3). It is showed that Cd can initiate the NRs response, influence the homeostasis of the CPY450 enzyme system, trigger the mtUPR, impair mitochondrial function, and ultimately lead to Cd toxicity in the spleen of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ye Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jin-Xu Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kanwar Kumar Malhi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Ryan M, Raby E, Whiley L, Masuda R, Lodge S, Nitschke P, Maker GL, Wist J, Holmes E, Wood FM, Nicholson JK, Fear MW, Gray N. Nonsevere Burn Induces a Prolonged Systemic Metabolic Phenotype Indicative of a Persistent Inflammatory Response Postinjury. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2893-2907. [PMID: 38104259 PMCID: PMC11302432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Globally, burns are a significant cause of injury that can cause substantial acute trauma as well as lead to increased incidence of chronic comorbidity and disease. To date, research has primarily focused on the systemic response to severe injury, with little in the literature reported on the impact of nonsevere injuries (<15% total burn surface area; TBSA). To elucidate the metabolic consequences of a nonsevere burn injury, longitudinal plasma was collected from adults (n = 35) who presented at hospital with a nonsevere burn injury at admission, and at 6 week follow up. A cross-sectional baseline sample was also collected from nonburn control participants (n = 14). Samples underwent multiplatform metabolic phenotyping using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify 112 lipoprotein and glycoprotein signatures and 852 lipid species from across 20 subclasses. Multivariate data modeling (orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis; OPLS-DA) revealed alterations in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism when comparing the baseline control to hospital admission samples, with the phenotypic signature found to be sustained at follow up. Univariate (Mann-Whitney U) testing and OPLS-DA indicated specific increases in GlycB (p-value < 1.0e-4), low density lipoprotein-2 subfractions (variable importance in projection score; VIP > 6.83e-1) and monoacyglyceride (20:4) (p-value < 1.0e-4) and decreases in circulating anti-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein-4 subfractions (VIP > 7.75e-1), phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylserines. The results indicate a persistent systemic metabolic phenotype that occurs even in cases of a nonsevere burn injury. The phenotype is indicative of an acute inflammatory profile that continues to be sustained postinjury, suggesting an impact on systems health beyond the site of injury. The phenotypes contained metabolic signatures consistent with chronic inflammatory states reported to have an elevated incidence postburn injury. Such phenotypic signatures may provide patient stratification opportunities, to identify individual responses to injury, personalize intervention strategies, and improve acute care, reducing the risk of chronic comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique
J. Ryan
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Raby
- Burns
Service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Department
of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Garth L. Maker
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Department
of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burns
Service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Fear
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute,
Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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Rousseau AF, Martindale R. Nutritional and metabolic modulation of inflammation in critically ill patients: a narrative review of rationale, evidence and grey areas. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 39088114 PMCID: PMC11294317 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the hallmark of critical illness and triggers the neuro-endocrine stress response and an oxidative stress. Acute inflammation is initially essential for patient's survival. However, ongoing or exaggerated inflammation, due to persistent organ dysfunction, immune dysfunction or poor inflammation resolution, is associated to subsequent hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism that severely impact short and long-term functional status, autonomy, as well as health-related costs. Modulation of inflammation is thus tempting, with the goal to improve the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. FINDINGS Inflammation can be modulated by nutritional strategies (including the timing of enteral nutrition initiation, the provision of some specific macronutrients or micronutrients, the use of probiotics) and metabolic treatments. The most interesting strategies seem to be n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidant micronutrients and propranolol, given their safety, their accessibility for clinical use, and their benefits in clinical studies in the specific context of critical care. However, the optimal doses, timing and route of administration are still unknown for most of them. Furthermore, their use in the recovery phase is not well studied and defined. CONCLUSION The rationale to use strategies of inflammation modulation is obvious, based on critical illness pathophysiology and based on the increasingly described effects of some nutritional and pharmacological strategies. Regretfully, there isn't always substantial proof from clinical research regarding the positive impacts directly brought about by inflammation modulation. Some arguments come from studies performed in severe burn patients, but such results should be transposed to non-burn patients with caution. Further studies are needed to explore how the modulation of inflammation can improve the long-term outcomes after a critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Françoise Rousseau
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1/B35, Liège, B-4000, Belgium.
- GIGA-I3 Thematic Unit, Inflammation and Enhanced Rehabilitation Laboratory (Intensive Care), GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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Zhou H, He Z, Cao Y, Chu L, Liang B, Yu K, Deng Z. An injectable magnesium-loaded hydrogel releases hydrogen to promote osteoporotic bone repair via ROS scavenging and immunomodulation. Theranostics 2024; 14:3739-3759. [PMID: 38948054 PMCID: PMC11209720 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The repair of osteoporotic bone defects remains challenging due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, and an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Methods: Here, an injectable H2-releasing hydrogel (magnesium@polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), Mg@PEG-PLGA) was developed to remodel the challenging bone environment and accelerate the repair of osteoporotic bone defects. Results: This Mg@PEG-PLGA gel shows excellent injectability, shape adaptability, and phase-transition ability, can fill irregular bone defect areas via minimally invasive injection, and can transform into a porous scaffold in situ to provide mechanical support. With the appropriate release of H2 and magnesium ions, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel (loaded with 2 mg of Mg) displayed significant immunomodulatory effects through reducing intracellular ROS, guiding macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel inhibited osteoclastogenesis while promoting osteogenesis. Most notably, in animal experiments, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel significantly promoted the repair of osteoporotic bone defects in vivo by scavenging ROS and inhibiting inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides critical insight into the design and development of H2-releasing magnesium-based hydrogels as potential implants for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
- Department of Ultrasound & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology from College of Basic Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Diagnostic & Testing Center, and Department of Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Pathology Diagnostic Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Pathology from College of Basic Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Diagnostic & Testing Center, and Department of Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Pathology Diagnostic Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Kexiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
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Berkowitz BA, Paruchuri A, Stanek J, Abdul-Nabi M, Podolsky RH, Bustos AH, Childers KL, Murphy GG, Stangis K, Roberts R. Biomarker evidence of early vision and rod energy-linked pathophysiology benefits from very low dose DMSO in 5xFAD mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 38822433 PMCID: PMC11140992 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we test whether early visual and OCT rod energy-linked biomarkers indicating pathophysiology in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt)-null 5xFAD mice also occur in Nnt-intact 5xFAD mice and whether these biomarkers can be pharmacologically treated. Four-month-old wild-type or 5xFAD C57BL/6 substrains with either a null (B6J) Nnt or intact Nnt gene (B6NTac) and 5xFAD B6J mice treated for one month with either R-carvedilol + vehicle or only vehicle (0.01% DMSO) were studied. The contrast sensitivity (CS), external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE) thickness (a proxy for low pH-triggered water removal), profile shape of the hyperreflective band just posterior to the ELM (i.e., the mitochondrial configuration within photoreceptors per aspect ratio [MCP/AR]), and retinal laminar thickness were measured. Both wild-type substrains showed similar visual performance indices and dark-evoked ELM-RPE contraction. The lack of a light-dark change in B6NTac MCP/AR, unlike in B6J mice, is consistent with relatively greater mitochondrial efficiency. 5xFAD B6J mice, but not 5xFAD B6NTac mice, showed lower-than-WT CS. Light-adapted 5xFAD substrains both showed abnormal ELM-RPE contraction and greater-than-WT MCP/AR contraction. The inner retina and superior outer retina were thinner. Treating 5xFAD B6J mice with R-carvedilol + DMSO or DMSO alone corrected CS and ELM-RPE contraction but not supernormal MCP/AR contraction or laminar thinning. These results provide biomarker evidence for prodromal photoreceptor mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress/oxidative damage, which is unrelated to visual performance, as well as the presence of the Nnt gene. This pathophysiology is druggable in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Anuhya Paruchuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Josh Stanek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mura Abdul-Nabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Hospital, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Stangis
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Su S, Zhang Y, Wu D, Wang C, Hu J, Wei Y, Peng X. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals dynamic changes in the metabolic profile of patients with severe burns. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae007. [PMID: 38756185 PMCID: PMC11097601 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Severe burn injury causes a hypermetabolic response, resulting in muscle protein catabolism and multiple organ damage syndrome. However, this response has not yet been continuously characterized by metabolomics in patients. This study aims to quantify temporal changes in the metabolic processes of patients with severe burns. Methods We employed 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to scrutinize metabolic alterations during the initial 35 days following burn injury in a cohort of 17 adult patients with severe burns, with 10 healthy individuals included as controls. Plasma specimens were collected from patients on postburn days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. After performing multivariate statistical analysis, repeated-measures analysis of variance and time-series analysis, we quantified changes in metabolite concentrations. Results Among the 36 metabolites quantified across 119 samples from burn patients, branched-chain amino acids, glutamate, glycine, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, trimethylamine N-oxide and others exhibited obvious temporal variations in concentration. Notably, these metabolites could be categorized into three clusters based on their temporal characteristics. The initial response to injury was characterized by changes in lactate and amino acids, while later changes were driven by an increase in fatty acid catabolism and microbial metabolism, leading to the accumulation of ketone bodies and microbial metabolites. Conclusions Metabolomics techniques utilizing NMR have the potential to monitor the intricate processes of metabolism in patients with severe burns. This study confirmed that the third day after burn injury serves as the boundary between the ebb phase and the flow phase. Furthermore, identification of three distinct temporal patterns of metabolites revealed the intrinsic temporal relationships between these metabolites, providing clinical data for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Youhao North Road, Shayibake District, Urumqi, 830092, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Weiss MB, Syed SA, Whiteson HZ, Hirani R, Etienne M, Tiwari RK. Navigating Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:561. [PMID: 38792583 PMCID: PMC11122478 DOI: 10.3390/life14050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoporosis (PTO) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, characterized by demineralization and decreased skeletal integrity following severe traumatic injuries. This literature review manuscript addresses the knowledge gaps surrounding PTO, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions. This review emphasizes the complexity of the etiology of PTO, highlighting the dysregulation of biomineralization processes, inflammatory cytokine involvement, hormonal imbalances, glucocorticoid effects, vitamin D deficiency, and disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, it underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for risk mitigation and advocates for improved diagnostic strategies to differentiate PTO from other musculoskeletal pathologies. This manuscript discusses various treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical rehabilitation, while also acknowledging the limited evidence on their long-term effectiveness and outcomes in PTO patients. Future directions in research are outlined, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PTO and the evaluation of treatment strategies' efficacy. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PTO and highlights avenues for future investigation to enhance clinical management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Weiss
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Shoaib A. Syed
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Harris Z. Whiteson
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Rahim Hirani
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mill Etienne
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Raj K. Tiwari
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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8
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Arruda AMD, Gadelha PCFP, Soares BLDM, Dowsley CCC, Lemos MDCCD, Santos ACOD. Changes in body composition of burn patients during the phases of response to trauma. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20230039. [PMID: 38055487 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in body composition of burn patients through electrical bioimpedance in the phases of response to trauma. METHODS a longitudinal observational study, carried out from October 2019 to March 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical, epidemiological, anthropometric and body composition data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, considering a significance of 5%. The comparison between variables was performed using the paired Student's t test. RESULTS the sample consisted of 58 adult burn patients, with a mean age of 38.2±12.5 years. The mean body surface area (BSA) with burns was 10.8±7.3%. Nutritional assessment demonstrated a depletion of body weight, Body Mass Index, fat-free mass and muscle mass in the phases of response to trauma (p<0.005). CONCLUSION metabolic alterations in the different phases of the metabolic response to trauma led to a depletion of the nutritional status of burn patients of both sexes during hospitalization.
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Barreiro K, Lay AC, Leparc G, Tran VDT, Rosler M, Dayalan L, Burdet F, Ibberson M, Coward RJM, Huber TB, Krämer BK, Delic D, Holthofer H. An in vitro approach to understand contribution of kidney cells to human urinary extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12304. [PMID: 36785873 PMCID: PMC9925963 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membranous particles secreted by all cells and found in body fluids. Established EV contents include a variety of RNA species, proteins, lipids and metabolites that are considered to reflect the physiological status of their parental cells. However, to date, little is known about cell-type enriched EV cargo in complex EV mixtures, especially in urine. To test whether EV secretion from distinct human kidney cells in culture differ and can recapitulate findings in normal urine, we comprehensively analysed EV components, (particularly miRNAs, long RNAs and protein) from conditionally immortalised human kidney cell lines (podocyte, glomerular endothelial, mesangial and proximal tubular cells) and compared to EV secreted in human urine. EV from cell culture media derived from immortalised kidney cells were isolated by hydrostatic filtration dialysis (HFD) and characterised by electron microscopy (EM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blotting (WB). RNA was isolated from EV and subjected to miRNA and RNA sequencing and proteins were profiled by tandem mass tag proteomics. Representative sets of EV miRNAs, RNAs and proteins were detected in each cell type and compared to human urinary EV isolates (uEV), EV cargo database, kidney biopsy bulk RNA sequencing and proteomics, and single-cell transcriptomics. This revealed that a high proportion of the in vitro EV signatures were also found in in vivo datasets. Thus, highlighting the robustness of our in vitro model and showing that this approach enables the dissection of cell type specific EV cargo in biofluids and the potential identification of cell-type specific EV biomarkers of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barreiro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Abigail C. Lay
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - German Leparc
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG BiberachBiberachGermany
| | - Van Du T. Tran
- Vital‐IT GroupSIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Marcel Rosler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG BiberachBiberachGermany
| | - Lusyan Dayalan
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Frederic Burdet
- Vital‐IT GroupSIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital‐IT GroupSIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Richard J. M. Coward
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology)University Medical Centre MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Denis Delic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG BiberachBiberachGermany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology)University Medical Centre MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Harry Holthofer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- III Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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10
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Yang YJ, Su S, Zhang Y, Wu D, Wang C, Wei Y, Peng X. Effects of enteral nutrition with different energy supplies on metabolic changes and organ damage in burned rats. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac042. [PMID: 36420355 PMCID: PMC9678637 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition (EN) is an important treatment for burn patients. However, severe gastrointestinal damage caused by major burns often leads to EN intolerance. Trophic EN solves this problem basically, but how to transition from trophic EN to standard EN smoothly is still a challenge in burn clinical nutrition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of EN with different energy supplies on metabolic changes, organ damage and prognosis in burned rats. METHODS Different feeding regimens were designed based on the continuous monitoring of resting energy expenditure in rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, burn +50% REE group, burn +75% REE group and burn +100% REE group. At the end of a nutritional treatment cycle (14th day), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood biochemistry analysis and quantification of subscab bacteria were performed to explore the differences in metabolic changes, degrees of organ damage and prognoses between the groups. RESULTS Sixteen metabolites involving seven metabolic pathways were identified from the different energy supply groups. After burn injury, resting energy consumption and body weight loss increased obviously. Meanwhile, weight loss was inversely related to energy supply. The greatest changes in the degree of organ damage, the level of plasma proteins, lipids and endotoxins, as well as the quantification of subscab bacteria were observed in the 50% REE group, followed by the 75 and 100% groups. CONCLUSIONS Achieving an early balance between energy supply and expenditure is conducive to mitigating metabolic disorders and improving prognosis after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing China
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11
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Farnesysltransferase Inhibitor Prevents Burn Injury-Induced Metabolome Changes in Muscle. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090800. [PMID: 36144205 PMCID: PMC9506277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury remains a significant public health issue worldwide. Metabolic derangements are a major complication of burn injury and negatively affect the clinical outcomes of severely burned patients. These metabolic aberrations include muscle wasting, hypermetabolism, hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, little is known about the impact of burn injury on the metabolome profile in skeletal muscle. We have previously shown that farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) reverses burn injury-induced insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the Warburg effect in mouse skeletal muscle. To evaluate metabolome composition, targeted quantitative analysis was performed using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry in mouse skeletal muscle. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated that burn injury induced a global change in metabolome composition. FTI treatment almost completely prevented burn injury-induced alterations in metabolite levels. Pathway analysis revealed that the pathways most affected by burn injury were purine, glutathione, β-alanine, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Burn injury induced a suppressed oxidized to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) ratio as well as oxidative stress and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, all of which were reversed by FTI. Moreover, our data raise the possibility that burn injury may lead to increased glutaminolysis and reductive carboxylation in mouse skeletal muscle.
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12
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Hudson JL, Cotter M, Herndon DN, Wolfe RR, Børsheim E. Comparison of Arterial-Venous Balance and Tracer Incorporation Methods for Measuring Muscle Fractional Synthesis and Fractional Breakdown Rates. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:156-162. [PMID: 33908606 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass in response to injury or immobilization impairs functional capacity and metabolic health, thus hindering rehabilitation. Stable isotope techniques are powerful in determining skeletal muscle protein fluxes. Traditional tracer incorporation methods to measure muscle protein synthesis and breakdown are cumbersome and invasive to perform in vulnerable populations such as children. To circumvent these issues, a two-bolus stable isotope amino acid method has been developed; although, measured rates of protein synthesis and breakdown have not been validated simultaneously against an accepted technique such as the arterial-venous balance method. The purpose of the current analysis was to provide preliminary data from the simultaneous determination of the arteriovenous balance and two-bolus tracer incorporation methods on muscle fractional synthesis and breakdown rates in children with burns. Five were administered a primed-constant infusion of L-[ 15N]Threonine for 180 minutes (Prime: 8 µmol/kg; constant: 0.1 µmol·kg -1·min -1). At 120 and 150 minutes, bolus injections of L-[ring- 13C6]Phenylalanine and L-[ 15N]Phenylalanine (50 µmol/kg each) were administered, respectively. Blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to assess mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates. The preliminary results from this study indicate there is no difference in either fractional synthesis rate (mean ± SD; arteriovenous balance: 0.19 ± 0.17 %/h; tracer incorporation: 0.14 ± 0.08 %/h; P = 0.42) or fractional breakdown rate (arteriovenous balance: 0.29 ± 0.22 %/h; tracer incorporation: 0.23 ± 0.14 %/h; P = 0.84) between methods. These data support the validity of both methods in quantifying muscle amino acid kinetics; however, the results are limited and adequately powered research is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Hudson
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Reynolds Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.,Reynolds Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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13
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Knuth CM, Auger C, Jeschke MG. Burn-induced hypermetabolism and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C58-C71. [PMID: 33909503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Critical illnesses, including sepsis, cancer cachexia, and burn injury, invoke a milieu of systemic metabolic and inflammatory derangements that ultimately results in increased energy expenditure leading to fat and lean mass catabolism. Burn injuries present a unique clinical challenge given the magnitude and duration of the hypermetabolic response compared with other forms of critical illness, which drastically increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Skeletal muscle metabolism is particularly altered as a consequence of burn-induced hypermetabolism, as it primarily provides a main source of fuel in support of wound healing. Interestingly, muscle catabolism is sustained long after the wound has healed, indicating that additional mechanisms beyond wound healing are involved. In this review, we discuss the distinctive pathophysiological response to burn injury with a focus on skeletal muscle function and metabolism. We first examine the diverse consequences on skeletal muscle dysfunction between thermal, electrical, and chemical burns. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the known mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle dysfunction that may be attributed to hypermetabolism. Finally, we review the most promising current treatment options to mitigate muscle catabolism, and by extension improve morbidity and mortality, and end with future directions that have the potential to significantly improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Knuth
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Brault JJ, Corli O, Piccirillo R. Nutraceuticals and Exercise against Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2020; 9:E2536. [PMID: 33255345 PMCID: PMC7760926 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jeffrey J. Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Oscar Corli
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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15
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Mert S, Bulutoglu B, Chu C, Dylewski M, Lin FM, Yu YM, Yarmush ML, Sheridan RL, Uygun K. Multiorgan Metabolomics and Lipidomics Provide New Insights Into Fat Infiltration in the Liver, Muscle Wasting, and Liver-Muscle Crosstalk Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:269-287. [PMID: 32877506 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury mediated hypermetabolic syndrome leads to increased mortality among severe burn victims, due to liver failure and muscle wasting. Metabolic changes may persist up to 2 years following the injury. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the pathology is crucially important to develop appropriate therapeutic approaches. We present detailed metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of the liver and muscle tissues in a rat model with a 30% body surface area burn injury located at the dorsal skin. Three hundred and thirty-eight of 1587 detected metabolites and lipids in the liver and 119 of 1504 in the muscle tissue exhibited statistically significant alterations. We observed excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols, decreased levels of S-adenosylmethionine, increased levels of glutamine and xenobiotics in the liver tissue. Additionally, the levels of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites are generally decreased in the liver. On the other hand, burn injury muscle tissue exhibits increased levels of acyl-carnitines, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate, ophthalmate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione. The results of this preliminary study provide compelling observations that liver and muscle tissues undergo distinctly different changes during hypermetabolism, possibly reflecting liver-muscle crosstalk. The liver and muscle tissues might be exacerbating each other's metabolic pathologies, via excessive utilization of certain metabolites produced by each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Mert
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Christopher Chu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maggie Dylewski
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence M Lin
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yong-Ming Yu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Robert L Sheridan
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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16
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17
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Iglesias-Marichal I, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Marí Y, García-Ojalvo A, Fernández-Mayola M, Playford RJ. Review: Insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction following severe burn injury. Peptides 2020; 126:170269. [PMID: 32045621 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of this pathway is commonly seen in critical illness such as following severe burn injuries where homeostatic control is lost, leading to "insulin resistance" with poor blood glucose control. The aberrant signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance following burn injury include increases in hyperglycemic stress hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radical production. Leakage of mitochondrial sequestered self-antigens and signaling between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also contribute to insulin resistance. Greater understanding of molecular processes involved in burn-related insulin resistance could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | | | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Maday Fernández-Mayola
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/158 and 190. Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Raymond J Playford
- University of Plymouth, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK.
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18
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Polychronopoulou E, Herndon DN, Porter C. The Long-Term Impact of Severe Burn Trauma on Musculoskeletal Health. J Burn Care Res 2020; 39:869-880. [PMID: 30010999 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury causes a profound stress response that leads to muscle and bone cachexia. Evidence suggests that these deficits persist for several months or even years after injury and are associated with growth delay, increased incidence of fractures, and increased hospital admissions for musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, there is an overwhelming need to determine the optimal acute and rehabilitative strategies to mitigate these deficits and improve quality of life for burn survivors. To date, there is limited research on the long-term impact of cachexia on functional performance and overall health, as well as on the lasting impact of pharmacological, nutritional, and exercise interventions. The aim of this review is to emphasize the long-term consequences of musculoskeletal cachexia and determine the best evidence-based strategies to attenuate it. We also underline important knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve care of burn survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Polychronopoulou
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - David N Herndon
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Craig Porter
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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19
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Cambiaso-Daniel J, Parry I, Rivas E, Kemp-Offenberg J, Sen S, Rizzo JA, Serghiou MA, Kowalske K, Wolf SE, Herndon DN, Suman OE. Strength and Cardiorespiratory Exercise Rehabilitation for Severely Burned Patients During Intensive Care Units: A Survey of Practice. J Burn Care Res 2020; 39:897-901. [PMID: 29579311 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Minimizing the deconditioning of burn injury through early rehabilitation programs (RP) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is of importance for improving the recovery time. The aim of this study was to assess current standard of care (SOC) for early ICU exercise programs in major burn centers. We designed a survey investigating exercise RP on the ICU for burn patients with >30% total burned surface area. The survey was composed of 23 questions and submitted electronically via SurveyMonkey® to six major (pediatric and adult) burn centers in Texas and California. All centers responded and reported exercise as part of their RP on the ICU. The characteristics of exercises implemented were not uniform. All centers reported to perform resistive and aerobic exercises but only 83% reported isotonic and isometric exercises. Determination of intensity of exercise varied with 50% of centers using patient tolerance and 17% using vital signs. Frequency of isotonic, isometric, aerobic, and resistive exercise was reported as daily by 80%, 80%, 83%, and 50% of centers, respectively. Duration for all types of exercises was extremely variable. Mobilization was used as a form of exercise by 100% of burn centers. Our results demonstrate that although early RP seem to be integral during burn survivor's ICU stay, no SOC exists. Moreover, early RP are inconsistently administered and large variations exist in frequency, intensity, duration, and type of exercise. Thus, future prospective studies investigating the various components of exercise interventions are needed to establish a SOC and determine how and if early exercise benefits the burn survivor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Cambiaso-Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Parry
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Eric Rivas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jennifer Kemp-Offenberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Soman Sen
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.,Department of Surgery, Division for Burn Surgery, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Julie A Rizzo
- The United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas.,Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD
| | | | - Karen Kowalske
- University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Steven E Wolf
- University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
| | - Oscar E Suman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
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20
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Abstract
Burn injury in children results in a systemic inflammatory reaction as well as a stress response. Consequences of these non-specific adaptive responses include resorptive bone loss and muscle catabolism. These adverse events can result in a post-burn fracture rate of approximately 15% and long-term muscle weakness that prolongs recovery. A randomized controlled trial of a single dose of the bisphosphonate pamidronate within the first ten days of burn injury resulted in the prevention of resorptive bone loss and continuous bone accrual. Examining the muscle protein kinetics in pediatric burn patients enrolled in that randomized controlled trial revealed that those who had been given the single dose bisphosphonate experienced preservation of muscle mass and strength. An in vitro study of mouse myoblasts incubated with serum from patients who participated in the randomized controlled study demonstrated that mouse myoblasts exposed to serum from patients given the single dose bisphosphonate exhibited greater myotube diameter than those from burned children given placebo. Moreover, the serum from bisphosphonate treated patients stimulated the protein anabolic pathways and suppressed protein catabolic pathways in these cells. Inasmuch as incubation of the myotubes with an antibody to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) rescued myotube size in the cultures with serum from patients who received the placebo to the same magnitude as cultures with serum from patients treated with single dose bisphosphonate, we postulate that post-burn bone resorption liberates muscle catabolic factors which cause muscle wasting. Future uses of bisphosphonates could include studies designed to prevent short-term acute bone resorption in conditions that may result in muscle wasting as well as in short-term interventions in chronic inflammatory conditions which may flare and cause acute bone and muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0165, USA.
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21
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Yang G, Zhang Y, Wu D, Wang C, Yang YJ, Fan SJ, Xia L, Wei Y, Peng X. 1H-NMR metabolomics identifies significant changes in hypermetabolism after glutamine administration in burned rats. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7286-7299. [PMID: 31934278 PMCID: PMC6943476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is an important amino acid that plays a crucial role in nutritional therapy for patients with burns, but its effects on post-burn metabolism and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) was used to examine the effects of glutamine on plasma metabolites in burned rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. After burn injury, the rats exhibited significant increases in resting energy expenditure (REE) and hypercatabolism, and anabolism was inhibited. The levels of metabolites that reflect the proteolysis of skeletal muscle, such as alanine, histidine, leucine, valine, 3-methylhistidine and creatine, were significantly increased. In addition, the burned rats exhibited energy synthesis dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease in the ATP concentration and increased levels of lactic acid. Notably, the concentration of α-ketoisovalerate, which reflects the function of the mitochondrial membrane, was significantly increased, suggesting an impairment in mitochondrial function and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Glutamine administration significantly alleviated post-burn hypermetabolism and inhibited proteolysis in skeletal muscle. Consequently, the levels of glutamine metabolites, such as glutamic acid and α-ketoglutarate, along with ATP synthesis were significantly increased, whereas alanine, leucine, 3-methylhistidine and lactic acid were significantly depleted. Furthermore, after glutamine administration, the synthesis of reductive compounds was increased, leading to significantly increased levels of reduced glutathione and NADPH. This process may be an important mechanism by which glutamine alleviates oxidative stress, promotes ATP synthesis, and reduces hypermetabolism after burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shi-Jun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lin Xia
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Shriners Burns Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, US
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The Role of Mitochondrial Stress in Muscle Wasting Following Severe Burn Trauma. J Burn Care Res 2019; 39:100-108. [PMID: 28448295 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased resting metabolic rate and skeletal muscle wasting are hallmarks of the pathophysiological stress response to severe burn trauma. However, whether these two responses occur independently in burn patients or are in fact related remains unclear. In light of recent evidence demonstrating that increased proteolysis in skeletal muscle of burned patients is accompanied by mitochondrial hypermetabolism, oxidative stress, and protein damage; in this article, we discuss the evidence for a role for the mitochondrion in skeletal muscle wasting following severe burn trauma. In particular, we focus on the role of mitochondrial superoxide production in oxidative stress and subsequent proteolysis, and discuss the role of the mitochondrion as a signaling organelle resulting in protein catabolism in other cellular compartments following severe burn trauma.
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Klein GL. The role of the musculoskeletal system in post-burn hypermetabolism. Metabolism 2019; 97:81-86. [PMID: 31181216 PMCID: PMC6612590 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury results in a triad of inter-related adaptive responses: a systemic inflammatory response, a stress response, and a consequent hypermetabolic state which supports the former two. Details of what precisely triggers these responses as well as the sequence of events leading up to these responses are not clear. We review the musculoskeletal effects of burn injury to determine the precise contributions of this system in the generation and sustenance of this post-burn triad as well as the possible effects of pharmacologic intervention in the musculoskeletal response to burns on the resulting hypermetabolism. Inflammation-associated bone resorption liberates calcium, which may either prolong or intensify the systemic inflammatory response. Phosphate and magnesium liberated from bone could contribute to sustaining the increased ATP turnover in skeletal muscle that accompanies burn hypermetabolism. Reduced bone formation resulting from both pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevated endogenous glucocorticoid production results in reduced bone mass and therefore reduced osteocalcin production, which may contribute to reduced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Moreover, bone resorption liberates muscle catabolic factors such as transforming growth factor β, which contribute to the muscle wasting of burn hypermetabolism. Pharmacologic intervention with anti-resorptive agents early in the process preserve bone and muscle mass post-burn and future research should address the consequences for the hypermetabolic triad duration and intensity accompanying burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0165, United States of America.
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Mitochondrial Neuroglobin Is Necessary for Protection Induced by Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Astrocytic Cells Subjected to Scratch and Metabolic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5167-5187. [PMID: 30536184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized cells capable of regulating inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury. In addition to playing an important role in neuroinflammation, these cells regulate essential functions for the preservation of brain tissue. Therefore, the search for therapeutic alternatives to preserve these cells and maintain their functions contributes in some way to counteract the progress of the injury and maintain neuronal survival in various brain pathologies. Among these strategies, the conditioned medium from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) has been reported with a potential beneficial effect against several neuropathologies. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of CM-hMSCA in a model of human astrocytes (T98G cells) subjected to scratch injury. Our findings demonstrated that CM-hMSCA regulates the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, downregulates calcium at the cytoplasmic level, and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and the respiratory chain. These actions are accompanied by modulation of the expression of different proteins involved in signaling pathways such as AKT/pAKT and ERK1/2/pERK, and may mediate the localization of neuroglobin (Ngb) at the cellular level. We also confirmed that Ngb mediated the protective effects of CM-hMSCA through regulation of proteins involved in survival pathways and oxidative stress. In conclusion, regulation of brain inflammation combined with the recovery of fundamental cellular aspects in the face of injury makes CM-hMSCA a promising candidate for the protection of astrocytes in brain pathologies.
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The Electrical Stimulation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Causes Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle of Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4671213. [PMID: 29955246 PMCID: PMC6000852 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4671213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) plays the crucial role in stress response, while several lines of evidence mark the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) as a major mediator of the HPA axis responses to stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the corticosterone flux induced by the electrical stimulation of BST on markers of free radical damage of lipids and proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity in skeletal muscle of rats. The male Wistar rats were used and assigned to one of three groups: sham-operated (SHM; n = 6), two-week (ST2; n = 6), and four-week stimulated (ST4; n = 5) groups. Blood, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles were collected. The chronic, 4-week electrical stimulation of the BST evokes increased plasma corticosterone concentration, which resulted in oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. We found higher level of lipid peroxidation markers, lower level of protein oxidation marker, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activity in both muscles. Our findings have also potential implication showing that reaction to the long-term “psychological stress” may lead to free radical damage of muscle.
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Zhang S, Huang Q, Wang Q, Wang Q, Cao X, Zhao L, Xu N, Zhuge Z, Mao J, Fu X, Liu R, Wilcox CS, Patzak A, Li L, Lai EY. Enhanced Renal Afferent Arteriolar Reactive Oxygen Species and Contractility to Endothelin-1 Are Associated with Canonical Wnt Signaling in Diabetic Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:860-871. [PMID: 29870994 PMCID: PMC6050514 DOI: 10.1159/000490334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in oxidative stress, vasculopathy and diabetes mellitus but its role in diabetic renal microvascular dysfunction is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced canonical Wnt signaling in renal afferent arterioles from diabetic mice increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contractions to endothelin-1 (ET-1). METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetes or control C57Bl/6 mice received vehicle or sulindac (40 mg·kg-1·day-1) to block Wnt signaling for 4 weeks. ET-1 contractions were measured by changes of afferent arteriolar diameter. Arteriolar H2O2, O2 -, protein expression and enzymatic activity were assessed using sensitive fluorescence probes, immunoblotting and colorimetric assay separately. RESULTS Compared to control, diabetic mouse afferent arteriole had increased O2- (+ 84%) and H2O2 (+ 91%) and enhanced responses to ET-1 at 10-8 mol·l-1 (-72±4% of versus -43±4%, P< 0.05) accompanied by reduced protein expressions and activities for catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Arteriolar O2 - was increased further by ET-1 and contractions to ET-1 reduced by PEG-SOD in both groups whereas H2O2 unchanged by ET-1 and contractions were reduced by PEG-catalase selectively in diabetic mice. The Wnt signaling protein β-catenin was upregulated (3.3-fold decrease in p-β-catenin/β-catenin) while the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was downregulated (2.6-fold increase in p-GSK-3β/ GSK-3β) in preglomerular vessels of diabetic mice. Sulindac normalized the Wnt signaling proteins, arteriolar O2 -, H2O2 and ET-1 contractions while doubling microvascular catalase and SOD2 expression in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Increased ROS, notably H2O2 contributes to enhanced afferent arteriolar responses to ET-1 in diabetes, which is closely associated with Wnt signaling. Antioxidant pharmacological strategies targeting Wnt signaling may improve vascular function in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,
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Zhao D, Ma L, Shen C, Li D, Cheng W, Shang Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Yin K. Long-lasting Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Analogue Exendin-4 Ameliorates the Secretory and Synthetic Function of Islets Isolated From Severely Scalded Rats. J Burn Care Res 2018; 39:545-554. [PMID: 29579298 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanan Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Shang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Rivas E, Herndon DN, Porter C, Meyer W, Suman OE. Short-term metformin and exercise training effects on strength, aerobic capacity, glycemic control, and mitochondrial function in children with burn injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E232-E240. [PMID: 29138224 PMCID: PMC5899215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Severely burned children experience a chronic state of sympathetic nervous system activation that is associated with hypermetabolic/cardiac stress and muscle wasting. Metformin, a diabetes medication, helps control hyperglycemia in obese diabetic populations, and exercise has been shown to improve exercise strength and aerobic exercise capacity after severe burns. However, whether exercise improves glycemic control in burned children and whether combining exercise and metformin improves outcomes to a greater degree than exercise alone are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 6-wk exercise program combined with short-term metformin administration (E + M) improves aerobic and strength exercise capacity to a greater degree than exercise and placebo (E), while improving glucose tolerance and muscle metabolic function. We found that, before exercise training, the metformin group compared with the placebo group had attenuated mitochondrial respiration (pmol·s-1·mg-1) for each state: state 2 (-22.5 ± 3), state 3 (-42.4 ± 13), and oxphos (-58.9 ± 19) ( P ≤ 0.02, M vs. E + M group for each state). However, in the E + M group, exercise increased mitochondrial respiration in each state ( P ≤ 0.05), with respiration being comparable to that in the E group (each P > 0.05). In both groups, exercise induced comparable improvements in strength (change from preexercise, Δ1.6 ± 0.6 N-M·kgLBM) and V̇o2peak (Δ9 ± 7 mlO2·kgLBM) as well as fasting glucose (Δ19.3 ± 13 mg·dl) and glucose AUC (Δ3402 ± 3674 mg·dl-1·min-1), as measured by a 75-g OGTT (all P ≤ 0.03). Exercise reduced resting energy expenditure in E + M (Δ539 ± 480 kcal/24 h, P < 0.01) but not E subjects ( P = 0.68). Both groups exhibited reduced resting heart rate (Δ30 ± 23 beats/min, P ≤ 0.02). These data indicate that short-term metformin combined with exercise provides no further improvement beyond that of exercise alone for strength, exercise capacity, and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivas
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - David N Herndon
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Craig Porter
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Walter Meyer
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Oscar E Suman
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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29
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Moreira E, Burghi G, Manzanares W. Update on metabolism and nutrition therapy in critically ill burn patients. Med Intensiva 2017; 42:306-316. [PMID: 28951113 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Major burn injury triggers severe oxidative stress, a systemic inflammatory response, and a persistent hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic state with secondary sarcopenia, multiorgan dysfunction, sepsis and an increased mortality risk. Calorie deficit, negative protein balance and antioxidant micronutrient deficiency after thermal injury have been associated to poor clinical outcomes. In this context, personalized nutrition therapy with early enteral feeding from the start of resuscitation are indicated. Over the last four decades, different nutritional and pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating the immune and metabolic responses have been evaluated. These strategies have been shown to be able to minimize acute malnutrition, as well as modulate the immunoinflammatory response, and improve relevant clinical outcomes in this patient population. The purpose of this updating review is to summarize the most current evidence on metabolic response and nutrition therapy in critically ill burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moreira
- Centro de Tratamiento Intensivo del Hospital Maciel, ASSE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Burghi
- Centro Nacional de Quemados, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - W Manzanares
- Cátedra de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Burn-induced muscle metabolic derangements and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with activation of HIF-1α and mTORC1: Role of protein farnesylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6618. [PMID: 28747716 PMCID: PMC5529411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic derangements are a clinically significant complication of major trauma (e.g., burn injury) and include various aspects of metabolism, such as insulin resistance, muscle wasting, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperlactatemia. Nonetheless, the molecular pathogenesis and the relation between these diverse metabolic alterations are poorly understood. We have previously shown that burn increases farnesyltransferase (FTase) expression and protein farnesylation and that FTase inhibitor (FTI) prevents burn-induced hyperlactatemia, insulin resistance, and increased proteolysis in mouse skeletal muscle. In this study, we found that burn injury activated mTORC1 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which paralleled dysfunction, morphological alterations (i.e., enlargement, partial loss of cristae structure) and impairment of respiratory supercomplex assembly of the mitochondria, and ER stress. FTI reversed or ameliorated all of these alterations in burned mice. These findings indicate that these burn-induced changes, which encompass various aspects of metabolism, may be linked to one another and require protein farnesylation. Our results provide evidence of involvement of the mTORC1-HIF-1α pathway in burn-induced metabolic derangements. Our study identifies protein farnesylation as a potential hub of the signaling network affecting multiple aspects of metabolic alterations after burn injury and as a novel potential molecular target to improve the clinical outcome of severely burned patients.
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31
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Ahmad A, Olah G, Herndon DN, Szabo C. The clinically used PARP inhibitor olaparib improves organ function, suppresses inflammatory responses and accelerates wound healing in a murine model of third-degree burn injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:232-245. [PMID: 28146604 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The PARP inhibitor olaparib has recently been approved for human use for the therapy of cancer. Considering the role of PARP in critical illness, we tested the effect of olaparib in a murine model of burn injury, in order to begin exploring the feasibility of repurposing olaparib for the therapy of burn patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to scald burn injury and randomized into vehicle or olaparib (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 i.p.) groups. Outcome variables included indices of organ injury, clinical chemistry parameters, plasma levels of inflammatory mediators (at 24 h, 7 and 21 days) and burn wound size (at 21 days). KEY RESULTS Olaparib reduced myeloperoxidase levels in heart and lung homogenates and reduced malondialdehyde levels in all tissues 24 h post-burn. Olaparib also reduced circulating alkaline aminotransferase, amylase and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, indicative of protection against hepatic, pancreatic and renal dysfunction. Pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, GCSF, GM-CSF, eotaxin, KC, MIP-1-α and IL-3, 6 and 12) levels as well as the levels of several mediators that are generally considered anti-inflammatory (IL-4, 10 and 13) were reduced by olaparib. Plasma troponin-I levels (an indicator of skeletal muscle damage) was also attenuated by olaparib. Finally, olaparib stimulated wound healing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib improves organ function, suppresses inflammatory responses and accelerates wound healing in murine burn injury. The data raise the potential utility of olaparib for severe burn injury. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
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Paddon-Jones D, Coss-Bu JA, Morris CR, Phillips SM, Wernerman J. Variation in Protein Origin and Utilization: Research and Clinical Application. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:48S-57S. [PMID: 28388379 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617691244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle health can be rapidly compromised in clinical environments. Modifiable strategies to preserve metabolic homeostasis in adult patient populations include physical activity and pharmacologic support; however, optimizing dietary practices, or more specifically protein intake, is a necessary prerequisite for any other treatment strategy to be fully effective. Simply increasing protein intake is a well-intentioned but often unfocused strategy to protect muscle health in an intensive care setting. Protein quality is a frequently overlooked factor with the potential to differentially influence health outcomes. Quality can be assessed by a variety of techniques, with digestible indispensable amino acid score being the current and most comprehensive technique endorsed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. In practical terms, animal-based proteins are consistently scored higher in quality compared with incomplete proteins, regardless of the assessment method. Consequently, choosing parenteral and/or enteral feeding options that contain high-quality proteins, rich in the branched-chain amino acid leucine, may help establish a dietary framework with the potential to support clinical practice and improve health outcomes in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Paddon-Jones
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge A Coss-Bu
- 2 Pediatrics Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia R Morris
- 3 Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- 4 Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Wernerman
- 5 Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska University, Solna, Sweden
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