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Tarapongpun T, Onlamoon N, Tabu K, Chuthapisith S, Taga T. The optimized priming effect of FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Genes Cells 2024; 29:231-253. [PMID: 38253356 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The cell-assisted lipotransfer technique, integrating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), has transformed lipofilling, enhancing fat graft viability. However, the multipotent nature of ADMSCs poses challenges. To improve safety and graft vitality and to reduce unwanted lineage differentiation, this study refines the methodology by priming ADMSCs into preadipocytes-unipotent, self-renewing cells. We explored the impact of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), either alone or in combination, on primary human ADMSCs during the proliferative phase. FGF-2 emerged as a robust stimulator of cell proliferation, preserving stemness markers, especially when combined with EGF. Conversely, FGF-1, while not significantly affecting cell growth, influenced cell morphology, transitioning cells to a rounded shape with reduced CD34 expression. Furthermore, co-priming with FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhanced adipogenic potential, limiting osteogenic and chondrogenic tendencies, and possibly promoting preadipocyte commitment. These preadipocytes exhibited unique features: rounded morphology, reduced CD34, decreased preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), and elevated C/EBPα and PPARγ, alongside sustained stemness markers (CD73, CD90, CD105). Mechanistically, FGF-1 and FGF-2 activated key adipogenic transcription factors-C/EBPα and PPARγ-while inhibiting GATA3 and Notch3, which are adipogenesis inhibitors. These findings hold the potential to advance innovative strategies for ADMSC-mediated lipofilling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanakorn Tarapongpun
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kouichi Tabu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suebwong Chuthapisith
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Boccardi V, Mancinetti F, Baroni M, Cecchetti R, Bastiani P, Ruggiero C, Mecocci P. Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153228. [PMID: 35956404 PMCID: PMC9370138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, along with aging processes, contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR), but the roles of different inflammatory and other cytokines in this process remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between several plasma cytokines with IR as evaluated by the metabolic score for insulin resistance, METS-IR. METHODS We measured the plasma concentrations of thirty cytokines from a cohort of older persons and analyzed their role as independent factors for IR. We used regression analyses adjusted for known IR-associated factors (including age, gender, cholesterol levels, and BMI) to find the determinants of IR. RESULTS The study evaluated 132 subjects, mostly women (82F/50M), slightly overweight, and with a mean age of 78.5 ± 6.5 years. In the overall population, IL-15 significantly and negatively correlates with METS-IR (r = -0.183, p = 0.036). A regression model showed that the association between IL-15 and METS-IR was significantly modulated by gender and BMI (R2: 0.831). Only in women, EGF, Eotaxin and MCP-1 significantly correlated with METS-IR even after controlling by age (EGF, r = 0.250 p = 0.025; Eotaxin, r = 0.276 p = 0.13; MCP-1, r = 0.237, p = 0.033). Furthermore, regression models showed that these molecules were associated with METS-IR and were strongly mediated by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the association between cytokines and IR has to be interpreted in a gender-specific manner. In women, EGF, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 circulating levels are associated with METS-IR being BMI a significant mediator. Understanding the role of gender in the relationship between cytokines and IR will help to define individualized preventive and treatment interventions to reduce the risk of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-5578-3524
| | - Francesca Mancinetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Baroni
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bastiani
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Nishio E, Hayashi T, Nakatani M, Aida N, Suda R, Fujii T, Wakatsuki T, Honda S, Harada N, Shimono Y. Lack of association of ovariectomy-induced obesity with overeating and the reduction of physical activities. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100671. [PMID: 31453385 PMCID: PMC6700422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity commonly occurs in postmenopausal women, increasing the risk of various diseases. Estrogen can prevent obesity by activating lipid metabolism and suppressing depressive behavior. However, the reasons for obesity in postmenopausal women are not clearly elucidated. To mimic the effect of estrogen decline in postmenopausal women, we analyzed the behavior and the lipid metabolism-related genes, PPARγ and CD36 in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice showed increased visceral fat mass and PPARγ and CD36 expression in the visceral fat. In contrast, they were not significantly affected in terms of physical activity and food intake. Further, subcutaneous supplementation of estrogen effectively suppressed the increase in subcutaneous and visceral fat mass in OVX mice. We conclude that obesity in postmenopausal women is unlikely to be caused by overeating and reduction in physical activity, and subcutaneous supplementation of estrogen is an effective strategy to prevent obesity in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Masashi Nakatani
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University
| | - Noriko Aida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Risa Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Wakatsuki
- Department of Health Science, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Shinichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Nobuhiro Harada
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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4
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Horodyska J, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Trakooljul N, Lawlor PG, Hamill RM. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue from pigs divergent in feed efficiency reveals alteration in gene networks related to adipose growth, lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix, and immune response. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:395-408. [PMID: 30483895 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is hypothesized to play a vital role in regulation of feed efficiency (FE; efficiency in converting energy and nutrients into tissue), of which improvement will simultaneously reduce environmental impact and feed cost per pig. The objective of the present study was to sequence the subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in FE-divergent pigs (n = 16) and identify relevant biological processes underpinning observed differences in FE. We previously demonstrated that high-FE pigs were associated with lower fatness when compared to their counterparts. Here, ontology analysis of a total of 209 annotated genes that were differentially expressed at a p < 0.01 revealed establishment of a dense extracellular matrix and inhibition of capillary formation as one underlying mechanism to achieve suppressed adipogenesis. Moreover, mechanisms ensuring an efficient utilization of lipids in high-FE pigs might be orchestrated by upstream regulators including CEBPA and EGF. Consequently, high-FE adipose tissue could exhibit more efficient cholesterol disposal, whilst inhibition of inflammatory and immune response in high-FE pigs may be an indicator of an optimally functioning adipose tissue. Taken together, adipose tissue growth, extracellular matrix formation, lipid metabolism and inflammatory and immune response are key biological events underpinning the differences in FE. Further investigations focusing on elucidating these processes would assist the animal production industry in optimizing strategies related to nutrient utilization and product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Horodyska
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.,Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, AGRIC, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth M Hamill
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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5
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Brown EB, Patterson C, Pancoast R, Rollmann SM. Artificial selection for odor-guided behavior in Drosophila reveals changes in food consumption. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:867. [PMID: 29132294 PMCID: PMC5683340 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The olfactory system enables organisms to detect chemical cues in the environment and can signal the availability of food or the presence of a predator. Appropriate behavioral responses to these chemical cues are therefore important for organismal survival and can influence traits such as organismal life span and food consumption. However, understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying odor-guided behavior, correlated responses in other traits, and how these constrain or promote their evolution, remain an important challenge. Here, we performed artificial selection for attractive and aversive behavioral responses to four chemical compounds, two aromatics (4-ethylguaiacol and 4-methylphenol) and two esters (methyl hexanoate and ethyl acetate), for thirty generations. Results Artificial selection for odor-guided behavior revealed symmetrical responses to selection for each of the four chemical compounds. We then investigated whether selection for odor-guided behavior resulted in correlated responses in life history traits and/or food consumption. We found changes in food consumption upon selection for behavioral responses to aromatics. In many cases, lines selected for increased attraction to aromatics showed an increase in food consumption. We then performed RNA sequencing of lines selected for responses to 4-ethylguaiacol to identify candidate genes associated with odor-guided behavior and its impact on food consumption. We identified 91 genes that were differentially expressed among lines, many of which were associated with metabolic processes. RNAi-mediated knockdown of select candidate genes further supports their role in odor-guided behavior and/or food consumption. Conclusions This study identifies novel genes underlying variation in odor-guided behavior and further elucidates the genetic mechanisms underlying the interrelationship between olfaction and feeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4233-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0006, USA
| | - Cody Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0006, USA
| | - Rayanne Pancoast
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0006, USA.,Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Stephanie M Rollmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0006, USA.
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Ristic N, Ajdzanovic V, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Maliković J, Uscebrka G, Markovic Z, Milosevic V. Effects of Estradiol on Histological Parameters and Secretory Ability of Pituitary Mammotrophs in Ovariectomized Female Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:461-468. [PMID: 28836408 PMCID: PMC5570411 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective Estrogen replacement therapy remains current as a therapeutic approach to
treat menopausal symptoms and may significantly affect hormone-producing cells in the
female pituitaries. The aim of this study was to examine the histological parameters of
pituitary mammotrophs and prolactin secretion after chronic estradiol treatment in ovariectomized adult female rats, reflecting premature menopause. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, adult female Wistar rats were divided into non-ovariectomized (C),
ovariectomized (OVX) and estradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX+E) groups. Estradiol dipropionate [0.625 mg/kg body mass per
day] was administered for four weeks, while the C and OVX groups received vehicle
alone. Mammotrophs were identified by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical procedure, while prolactin concentrations were measured by the
non-isotopic two-step assay (Delfia) method. Comparison of the differences between
groups was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukay (honest significant difference) HSD test.
Results Ovariectomy caused significant (P<0.05) decreases in mammotroph optical
density (OD), volume density (VV) and number per mm2 by 29, 27 and 34%, respectively, in comparison with the C females. In the OVX+E group, significant (P<0.05)
increases in OD, cell volume, VVand number of mammotrophs per mm2 by 181, 15%,
5.8-fold and 5.2-fold, respectively, were observed when compared to OVX animals.
The serum prolactin concentration in OVX females was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 14% in comparison to the C group, while in OVX+E females, prolactin
levels were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 53% compared to the OVX controls. Conclusion Estradiol supplementation in ovariectomized females is followed by
stimulatory histological and secretory changes of the mammotrophs. These results
could serve as indicators of possible prolactinome development upon estradiol application in premature menopausal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Ajdzanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Maliković
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Uscebrka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milosevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Garlapow ME, Huang W, Yarboro MT, Peterson KR, Mackay TFC. Quantitative Genetics of Food Intake in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138129. [PMID: 26375667 PMCID: PMC4574202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake is an essential animal activity, regulated by neural circuits that motivate food localization, evaluate nutritional content and acceptance or rejection responses through the gustatory system, and regulate neuroendocrine feedback loops that maintain energy homeostasis. Excess food consumption in people is associated with obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, little is known about the genetic basis of natural variation in food consumption. To gain insights in evolutionarily conserved genetic principles that regulate food intake, we took advantage of a model system, Drosophila melanogaster, in which food intake, environmental conditions and genetic background can be controlled precisely. We quantified variation in food intake among 182 inbred, sequenced lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). We found significant genetic variation in the mean and within-line environmental variance of food consumption and observed sexual dimorphism and genetic variation in sexual dimorphism for both food intake traits (mean and variance). We performed genome wide association (GWA) analyses for mean food intake and environmental variance of food intake (using the coefficient of environmental variation, CVE, as the metric for environmental variance) and identified molecular polymorphisms associated with both traits. Validation experiments using RNAi-knockdown confirmed 24 of 31 (77%) candidate genes affecting food intake and/or variance of food intake, and a test cross between selected DGRP lines confirmed a SNP affecting mean food intake identified in the GWA analysis. The majority of the validated candidate genes were novel with respect to feeding behavior, and many had mammalian orthologs implicated in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Garlapow
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695–7614, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Wen Huang
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695–7614, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Yarboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Kara R. Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695–7614, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Yoon L, Liu YN, Park H, Kim HS. Olive Leaf Extract Elevates Hepatic PPAR α mRNA Expression and Improves Serum Lipid Profiles in Ovariectomized Rats. J Med Food 2015; 18:738-44. [PMID: 25714618 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that olive leaf extract might alleviate dyslipidemia resulting from estrogen deficiency. Serum lipid profile and mRNA expression of the related genes in the liver and adipose tissue were analyzed after providing olive leaf extract (200 or 400 mg/kg body weight; n=7 for each group) to ovariectomized rats for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks' administration, the rats in the olive leaf extract-administered groups showed significantly lower levels of serum triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol compared with the rats in the control group, whereas the administration of olive leaf extract did not significantly change the elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, administration of high dose of olive leaf extract significantly decreased the liver triglyceride and increased serum estradiol levels. mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) were not affected by ovariectomy, however, administration of olive leaf extract significantly increased both PPAR α and ACO mRNA expression. Expression of adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the ovariectomized control group. Rats administered low-dose olive leaf extract showed significantly elevated adiponectin mRNA expression compared with rats in the ovariectomized control group. Even though dose-dependent effects were not observed in most of the measurements, these results suggest that genes involved in lipid metabolism may be regulated by olive leaf extract administration in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Yoon
- 1 Division of Life Systems, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- 2 Major in Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- 2 Major in Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea.,3 ICAN Nutrition Education and Research , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- 1 Division of Life Systems, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Major in Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea
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Kabir SM, Lee ES, Son DS. Chemokine network during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells: Differential response between growth and proinflammatory factor in preadipocytes vs. adipocytes. Adipocyte 2014; 3:97-106. [PMID: 24719782 PMCID: PMC3979886 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state which involves a chemokine network contributing to a variety of diseases. As a first step toward understanding the roles of the obesity-driven chemokine network, we used a 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model to identify the chemokine profiles elicited during adipogenesis and how this profile is modified by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) as a growth and proinflammatory factor, respectively. The chemokine network was monitored using PCR arrays and qRT-PCR while main signaling pathways of EGF and TNF were measured using immunoblotting. The dominant chemokines in preadipocytes were CCL5, CCL8, CXCL1, and CXCL16, and in adipocytes CCL6 and CXCL13. The following chemokines were found in both preadipocytes and adipocytes: CCL2, CCL7, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL5, CXCL12, and CX3CL1. Among chemokine receptors, CXCR7 was specific for preadipocytes and CXCR2 for adipocytes. These findings indicate the development of a CXCL12–CXCR7 axis in preadipocytes and a CXCL5–CXCR2 axis in adipocytes. In addition to induction of CCL2 and CCL7 in both preadipocytes and adipocytes, EGF enhanced specifically CXCL1 and CXCL5 in adipocytes, indicating the potentiation of CXCR2-mediated pathway in adipocytes. TNF induced CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL1 in preadipocytes but had no response in adipocytes. EGFR downstream activation was dominant in adipocytes whereas NFκB activation was dominant in preadipocytes. Taken together, the adipocyte-driven chemokine network in the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model involves CXCR2-mediated signaling which appears more potentiated to growth factors like EGF than proinflammatory factors like TNF.
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10
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Ramírez I, Soley M. Submandibular salivary glands: influence on growth rate and life span in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 67:225-33. [PMID: 21191684 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Submandibular glands accumulate a variety of growth factors, especially in male mice. Surgical excision of these glands (sialoadenectomy) results in alterations in several organs and systems including the liver, skin and reproductive system. We studied the life-long consequences of sialoadenectomy in male mice. Animals were operated at the age of 10 weeks. Thereafter, body weight and food and water intake were controlled until death. Few weeks after surgery, body weight was lower in sialoadenectomized than in control mice. The difference remained stable until the age of 80 weeks. In spite of the lower body weight, food intake was higher in sialoadenectomized mice than in controls. The first death of sialoadenectomized mice occurred 10 weeks earlier than that of the first control, and the initial death rate in sialoadenectomized mice was almost twice the rate in controls. After 100 weeks of life, the death rate increased in control mice, but suddenly decreased in sialoadenectomized mice. The consequence was that the mean life span of the last 25% surviving animals was 10 weeks longer in sialoadenectomized than in control mice. Autopsy examination suggests that the effect of sialoadenectomy on death rate may be the consequence of a contrasting effect on tumour growth. Our results indicate that submandibular glands, or rather the factors derived from these glands, have contrasting roles in tumour growth. At early ages they may be survival factors and protect tissues, whereas at later ages they may stimulate the growth of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Hebert TL, Wu X, Yu G, Goh BC, Halvorsen YDC, Wang Z, Moro C, Gimble JM. Culture effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal/stem cell proliferation and adipogenesis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 3:553-61. [PMID: 19670348 DOI: 10.1002/term.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that EGF and bFGF maintain the stem cell properties of proliferating human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) in vitro. While the expansion and cryogenic preservation of isolated hASCs are routine, these manipulations can impact their proliferative and differentiation potential. This study examined cryogenically preserved hASCs (n = 4 donors), with respect to these functions, after culture with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) at varying concentrations (0-10 ng/ml). Relative to the control, cells supplemented with EGF and bFGF significantly increased proliferation by up to three-fold over 7-8 days. Furthermore, cryopreserved hASCs expanded in the presence of EGF and bFGF displayed increased oil red O staining following adipogenic induction. This was accompanied by significantly increased levels of several adipogenesis-related mRNAs: aP2, C/EBPalpha, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPARgamma and PPARgamma co-activator-1 (PGC1). Adipocytes derived from EGF- and bFGF-cultured hASCs exhibited more robust functionality based on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-stimulated lipolysis. These findings indicate that bFGF and EGF can be used as culture supplements to optimize the proliferative capacity of cryopreserved human ASCs and their adipogenic differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddi L Hebert
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Sánchez O, Viladrich M, Ramírez I, Soley M. Liver injury after an aggressive encounter in male mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1908-16. [PMID: 17761516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00113.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute and intense psychological stressors induce cell damage in several organs, including the heart and the liver. Much less is known about social stress. In male mice, aggressive behavior is the most common social stressor. It is remarkable that upon fighting, submandibular salivary glands release a number of peptides into the bloodstream including epidermal growth factor (EGF). We showed previously that released EGF protects the heart from cell damage in this particular stressful situation. Here, we studied the effect of an aggressive encounter on the liver and whether EGF has a similar effect on this organ. An aggressive encounter in male mice caused inflammatory response and a transient increase in plasma alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. At 3 h, focal infiltration of neutrophils was observed in liver parenchyma. These cells accumulate on eosinophilic hepatocytes, which may correspond to dying cells. A few hours later, evidence of necrotic lesion was observed. Surgical excision of submandibular glands, sialoadenectomy, did not prevent the rise in plasma EGF concentration and did not affect the increase in plasma transaminase activities. Neither did the administration of tyrphostin AG-1478 (inhibitor of EGF receptor kinase) alter the increase in plasma alanine transaminase activity. However, it did enhance the rise in both aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase activity, suggesting heart damage. We conclude that an aggressive encounter causes mild liver damage and that released EGF does not protect this organ, in contrast to its effect on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sánchez
- Dept. de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Fuller TF, Ghazalpour A, Aten JE, Drake TA, Lusis AJ, Horvath S. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis strategies applied to mouse weight. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:463-72. [PMID: 17668265 PMCID: PMC1998880 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systems-oriented genetic approaches that incorporate gene expression and genotype data are valuable in the quest for genetic regulatory loci underlying complex traits. Gene coexpression network analysis lends itself to identification of entire groups of differentially regulated genes-a highly relevant endeavor in finding the underpinnings of complex traits that are, by definition, polygenic in nature. Here we describe one such approach based on liver gene expression and genotype data from an F(2) mouse inter-cross utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of gene expression data to identify physiologically relevant modules. We describe two strategies: single-network analysis and differential network analysis. Single-network analysis reveals the presence of a physiologically interesting module that can be found in two distinct mouse crosses. Module quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) that perturb this module were discovered. In addition, we report a list of genetic drivers for this module. Differential network analysis reveals differences in connectivity and module structure between two networks based on the liver expression data of lean and obese mice. Functional annotation of these genes suggests a biological pathway involving epidermal growth factor (EGF). Our results demonstrate the utility of WGCNA in identifying genetic drivers and in finding genetic pathways represented by gene modules. These examples provide evidence that integration of network properties may well help chart the path across the gene-trait chasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova F. Fuller
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Anatole Ghazalpour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Jason E. Aten
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Thomas A. Drake
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- UCLA Human Genetics / Biostatistics, 4357A Gonda Center, P.O. Box 957088, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088 USA
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