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Shi Z, Li H, Cheng J, Zhang W, Ruan J, Zhang Q, Dang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T. Constituents from Dolichos lablab L. Flowers and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Inhibition of IL-1β Release. Molecules 2024; 29:3751. [PMID: 39202831 PMCID: PMC11357617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of inflammation is closely related to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. IL-1β produced during the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has strong pro-inflammatory activity and can also promote the release of inflammatory factors by other immune cells, exacerbating inflammatory damage to tissues. Utilizing IL-1β as the detection index to find small-molecule inhibitors targeting NLRP3 from natural products will benefit the search for drugs for inflammation-related diseases. During the exploration of anti-inflammatory active components derived from the flowers of Dolichos lablab L., an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine with dual applications in both medicinal treatment and dietary consumption, fourteen compounds (1-14), including seven previously unreported ones, named flosdolilabnitrogenousols A-D (1-4) and flosdolilabsaponins A-C (5-7), were found. Their structures were established through extensive NMR spectra determination, HR-ESI-MS analysis, ECD calculations, and chemical reactions. Flosdolilabsaponin A (5) stands out as an exceptionally rare tetracyclic lactone oleane-type saponin. Additionally, the inhibitory activity on IL-1β release of all compounds, without cytotoxicity, was evaluated using BMDMs stimulated with LPS/Nigericin. An Elisa assay revealed that compounds 1, 8, 9, and 11-14 exhibited significant inhibition of IL-1β release at a concentration of 30 μM. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed. This study indicates that D. lablab flowers possess anti-inflammatory activity, which might exert its effect by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiaming Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhunan Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (J.R.); (Q.Z.); (Z.D.)
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Bartoloni B, Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Fiaschi T. The Multiple Roles of Lactate in the Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2024; 13:1177. [PMID: 39056759 PMCID: PMC11274880 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Believed for a long time to be merely a waste product of cell metabolism, lactate is now considered a molecule with several roles, having metabolic and signalling functions together with a new, recently discovered role as an epigenetic modulator. Lactate produced by the skeletal muscle during physical exercise is conducted to the liver, which uses the metabolite as a gluconeogenic precursor, thus generating the well-known "Cori cycle". Moreover, the presence of lactate in the mitochondria associated with the lactate oxidation complex has become increasingly clear over the years. The signalling role of lactate occurs through binding with the GPR81 receptor, which triggers the typical signalling cascade of the G-protein-coupled receptors. Recently, it has been demonstrated that lactate regulates chromatin state and gene transcription by binding to histones. This review aims to describe the different roles of lactate in skeletal muscle, in both healthy and pathological conditions, and to highlight how lactate can influence muscle regeneration by acting directly on satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bartoloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "M. Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Ramos-Barbero M, Pérez-Jiménez A, Serrano-Carmona S, Mokhtari K, Lupiáñez JA, Rufino-Palomares EE. The Efficacy of Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis (EPI ®) and Nutritional Factors for the Treatment of Induced Tendinopathy in Wistar Rats: Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7315. [PMID: 39000426 PMCID: PMC11242821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy (TP) is characterized as the third most common disease of the musculoskeletal system, and occurs in three phases. There is currently no evidence of effective treatment for this medical condition. In this study, the modulatory effects of the minimally invasive technique intratissue percutaneous electrolysis (EPI) and combinations of EPI with four nutritional factors included in the diet, hydroxytyrosol (HT), maslinic acid (MA), glycine, and aspartate (AA), on hepatic intermediary metabolism was examined in Wistar rats with induced tendinopathy at various stages of TP. Results obtained showed that induced tendinopathy produced alterations in the liver intermediary metabolisms of the rats. Regarding carbohydrate metabolism, a reduction in the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes in the later stages of TP was observed following treatment with EPI alone. Among the combined treatments using nutritional factors with EPI, HT+EPI and AA+EPI had the greatest effect on reducing inflammation in the late stages of TP. In terms of lipid metabolism, the HT+EPI and AA+EPI groups showed a decrease in lipogenesis. In protein metabolism, the HT+EPI group more effectively reduced the inflammatory effects of induced TP. Treatment with EPI combined with nutritional factors might help regulate intermediary metabolism in TP disease and reduce the inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ramos-Barbero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Khalida Mokhtari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lupiáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva E Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Bisaggio RDC, Lagrota-Candido J, Henriques-Pons A, Alves LA. Immunological Tolerance in Liver Transplant Recipients: Putative Involvement of Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152327. [PMID: 35954171 PMCID: PMC9367574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation world changed significantly following the introduction of immunosuppressants, with millions of people saved. Several physicians have noted that liver recipients that do not take their medication for different reasons became tolerant regarding kidney, heart, and lung transplantations at higher frequencies. Most studies have attempted to explain this phenomenon through unique immunological mechanisms and the fact that the hepatic environment is continuously exposed to high levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-pathogenic microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from commensal flora. These components are highly inflammatory in the periphery but tolerated in the liver as part of the normal components that arrive via the hepatic portal vein. These immunological mechanisms are discussed herein based on current evidence, although we hypothesize the participation of neuroendocrine-immune pathways, which have played a relevant role in autoimmune diseases. Cells found in the liver present receptors for several cytokines, hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters that would allow for system crosstalk. Furthermore, the liver is innervated by the autonomic system and may, thus, be influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. This review therefore seeks to discuss classical immunological hepatic tolerance mechanisms and hypothesizes the possible participation of the neuroendocrine-immune system based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
| | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil;
| | - Jussara Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education, and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil;
| | - Luiz A. Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1816 (ext. 1841)
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Zhen D, Liu J, Zhang XD, Song Z. Kynurenic Acid Acts as a Signaling Molecule Regulating Energy Expenditure and Is Closely Associated With Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847611. [PMID: 35282457 PMCID: PMC8908966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an important bio-active product of tryptophan metabolism. In addition to its well-known neuroprotective effects on mental health disorders, it has been proposed as a bio-marker for such metabolic diseases as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that KYNA acts as a signaling molecule controlling the networks involved in the balance of energy store and expenditure through GPR35 and AMPK signaling pathway. KYNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of several endocrine and metabolic diseases. Exercise training promotes KYNA production in skeletal muscles and increases thermogenesis in the long term and limits weight gain, insulin resistance and inflammation. Additionally, KYNA is also present in breast milk and may act as an anti-obesity agent in infants. Although we are far from fully understanding the role of KYNA in our body, administration of KYNA, enzyme inhibitors or metabolites may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases. The present review provides a perspective on the current knowledge regarding the biological effects of KYNA in metabolic diseases and perinatal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Zhen
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zehua Song
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
- *Correspondence: Zehua Song,
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Gao L, Chong E, Pendharkar S, Hong J, Windsor JA, Ke L, Li W, Phillips A. The Effects of NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pancreas 2022; 51:13-24. [PMID: 35195590 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in the pathogenesis of AP. Previous research showed that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome may exert protective effects on animal models of AP and reduces disease severity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of drug treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome on the outcomes of experimental AP. PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles without language restrictions. The main outcomes for this study included local pancreatic injury, the incidence of systemic inflammatory responses, and the incidence of organ failure. Twenty-eight animal studies including 556 animals with AP were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with controls, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome significantly reduced the pancreatic histopathological scores, serum amylase, and lipase levels. In addition, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome reduced the levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, as well as mitigating severity of AP-associated acute lung injury and acute intestinal injury. To conclude, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome has protective effects on AP by mitigating organ injury and systemic inflammation in animal studies, indicating that NLRP3 inflammasome holds promise as a target for specific AP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Chong
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sayali Pendharkar
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Lu Ke
- From the Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- From the Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Park J, Lee MY, Seo YS, Kang B, Lim SC, Kang KW. GPR40 agonist inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via modulation of nuclear factor-κB and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase. Life Sci 2021; 287:120127. [PMID: 34774873 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multi-protein intracellular complex that activates proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Inflammasome activation is related to metabolic inflammation, such as the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Fasiglifam (TAK875), a selective G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) agonist with high affinity, significantly improves glucose-dependent insulin secretion and weight gain without hypoglycemia. Interestingly, we found that two GPR40 agonists, TAK875 and AMG1638, suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). TAK875 inhibited inflammasome activation by blocking formation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), an inflammasome component. TAK875 also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis of BMDMs. Moreover, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome was partially inhibited by TAK875 and AMG1638. The intracellular Ca2+ increase caused by ATP, nigericin (pore-forming toxin), or endoplasmic reticulum stress activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Pre-exposure of BMDMs to TAK875 suppressed the ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase, which was reversed by thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor. Oral administration of mice with TAK875 suppressed the increase in serum IL-1β in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine in vivo. These findings indicate that the free fatty acid-sensing GPR40 plays a key role in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - ByeongSeok Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Zheng X, Liu B, Xia Y, Xin Z, Deng B, He L, Deng J, Ren W. Aspartate Metabolism Facilitates IL-1β Production in Inflammatory Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753092. [PMID: 34745126 PMCID: PMC8567039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence support that cellular amino acid metabolism shapes the fate of immune cells; however, whether aspartate metabolism dictates macrophage function is still enigmatic. Here, we found that the metabolites in aspartate metabolism are depleted in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-stimulated macrophages. Aspartate promotes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in M1 macrophages. Mechanistically, aspartate boosts the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and inflammasome and increases the levels of metabolites in aspartate metabolism, such as asparagine. Interestingly, asparagine also accelerates the activation of cellular signaling pathways and promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. Moreover, aspartate supplementation augments the macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses in mice and piglets. These results uncover a previously uncharacterized role for aspartate metabolism in directing M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang X, Lou J, Shan W, Ding J, Jin Z, Hu Y, Du Q, Liao Q, Xie R, Xu J. Pathophysiologic Role of Neurotransmitters in Digestive Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:567650. [PMID: 34194334 PMCID: PMC8236819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.567650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are special molecules that serve as messengers in chemical synapses between neurons, cells, or receptors, including catecholamines, serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters, which play an important role in both human physiology and pathology. Compelling evidence has indicated that neurotransmitters have an important physiological role in various digestive diseases. They act as ligands in combination with central or peripheral receptors, and transmits signals through chemical synapses, which are involved in regulating the physiological and pathological processes of the digestive tract organs. For instance, neurotransmitters regulate blood circulation and affect intestinal movement, nutrient absorption, the gastrointestinal innate immune system, and the microbiome. In this review, we will focus on the role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of digestive tract diseases to provide novel therapeutic targets for new drug development in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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10
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Haege ER, Huang HC, Huang CC. Identification of Lactate as a Cardiac Protectant by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cardiac Hypertrophy Using a Zebrafish Acute Heart Failure Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030261. [PMID: 33803943 PMCID: PMC7999541 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) commonly arises from decompensated chronic heart failure or sudden structural and functional breakdown causing a decrease in cardiac contractility and consequently fluid accumulation and systemic congestion. Current treatment for AHF aims at reducing fluid overload and improving hemodynamic which results in quick symptom relief but still poor prognostic outcome. This study utilizes a zebrafish AHF model induced by aristolochic acid (AA) to look for natural products that could attenuate the progression of AHF. The project started off by testing nearly seventy herbal crude extracts. Two of the positive extracts were from Chinese water chestnuts and are further studied in this report. After several rounds of chromatographical chemical fractionation and biological tests, a near pure fraction, named A2-4-2-4, with several hydrophilic compounds was found to attenuate the AA-induced AHF. A2-4-2-4 appeared to inhibit inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy by reducing MAPK signaling activity. Chemical analyses revealed that the major compound in A2-4-2-4 is actually lactate. Pure sodium lactate showed attenuation of the AA-induced AHF and inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy suppression as well, suggesting that the AHF attenuation ability in A2-4-2-4 is attributable to lactate. Our studies identify lactate as a cardiac protectant and a new therapeutic agent for AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah R. Haege
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chines Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (C.-c.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5211) (H.-C.H.); +1-715-425-4276 (C.-c.H.); Fax: +1-715-425-0378 (C.-c.H.)
| | - Cheng-chen Huang
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (C.-c.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5211) (H.-C.H.); +1-715-425-4276 (C.-c.H.); Fax: +1-715-425-0378 (C.-c.H.)
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11
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Peng Y, Liu B, Pei S, Zheng D, Wang Z, Ji T, Pan S, Shen HY, Wang H. Higher CSF Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated With Poor Prognosis of Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31214158 PMCID: PMC6554706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is accepted as an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a potent innate inflammatory mediator, can activate IL-1β and induce the migration of T helper cell into CNS. However, the possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains unclear. This study aims to determine the levels of NLRP3 and related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and to assess whether NLRP3 influences the clinical outcomes of this disease. Twenty-five patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 12 viral meningoencephalitis patients and 26 controls with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were recruited. CSF NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirteen out of 25 patients were re-examed for the concentrations of NLRP3 and cytokines 6 months later. Our results showed significant increases of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. There were positive correlations between CSF NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokines in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. There was also a positive correlation between maximum modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and CSF NLRP3 inflammasome in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. During follow-up, the decrease of mRS was positively correlated with the decrease of CSF NLRP3 inflammasomes. These results suggested that the level of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome could represent the severity of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the reduction of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome could act as an indicator for the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Ji
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- RS Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Sun S, Li H, Chen J, Qian Q. Lactic Acid: No Longer an Inert and End-Product of Glycolysis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:453-463. [PMID: 29021365 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00016.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lactic acid has been considered a dead-end product of glycolysis. Research in the last 20+ years has shown otherwise. Through its transporters (MCTs) and receptor (GPR81), lactic acid plays a key role in multiple cellular processes, including energy regulation, immune tolerance, memory formation, wound healing, ischemic tissue injury, and cancer growth and metastasis. We summarize key findings of lactic acid signaling, functions, and many remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Heng Li
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Zhang S, Wang X, Ai S, Ouyang W, Le Y, Tong J. Sepsis-induced selective loss of NMDA receptors modulates hippocampal neuropathology in surviving septic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188273. [PMID: 29176858 PMCID: PMC5703474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced neuroinflammation plays an important role in sepsis-related brain dysfunction. However, the molecules that are targeted during neuroinflammation resulting from sepsis-induced brain dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, we tried to investigate the expression and roles of NMDA receptor subunits during sepsis-related brain dysfunction. Methods Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 8 mg/kg) in C57BL/6J mice. The NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine was injected intraperitoneally for 3 days (500 mg/kg/day) to compensate for the loss of NMDA receptors. The behaviors of mice were tested in the Barnes maze and in the open field test. The mice were euthanized at the indicated time points. The brains were collected to detect the following: the levels of synaptophysin and NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A, GluN2B and GluN1 (by Western blot and RT-PCR); the number of CA1 neurons (by Nissl staining); neuronal activity (by p-CREB staining); neuroinflammation (by staining of Iba-1 and inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3); and the levels of oxidative stress [by dihydroethidium (DHE)]. Results Sepsis selectively decreased the protein and mRNA levels of GluN2A, GluN2B and GluN1 but not the levels of synaptophysin or the neuronal number in the hippocampus of mice in either of the classic CLP-induced or LPS-induced sepsis models during the first 7 days after sepsis. Intraperitoneal injection of D-serine obviously limited the lipopolysaccharide-induced changes, including the impairment of learning and memory, the loss of NMDA receptor subunits, robust neuroinflammation, the levels of ROS stress and the decrease of p-CREB in the hippocampus of mice. Conclusion These data suggest that the sepsis-induced selective loss of NMDA receptors modulates hippocampal neuropathology in the mice that survived sepsis, and the data show that NMDA receptors are potential targets for the improvement of brain dysfunction in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Sha Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JT); (YL)
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JT); (YL)
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14
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Ye Z, Li Q, Guo Q, Xiong Y, Guo D, Yang H, Shu Y. Ketamine induces hippocampal apoptosis through a mechanism associated with the caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:63-75. [PMID: 28963039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a pediatric anesthetic, is widely used in clinical practice. There was growing evidence showing that ketamine can promote neuronal death in developing brains of both humans and animals. In this study, we used in vivo neonatal and juvenile mouse models to induce ketamine-related neurotoxicity in the hippocampus. Active caspase-3 and -9 proteins, which are responsible for the release of cytochrome C, and the mitochondrial translocation of p53, which is associated with mitochondrial apoptosis, were found to be significantly up-regulated in the ketamine-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including caspase-1 and -11, NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and IL-1β and IL-18, significantly increased after multiple doses of ketamine administration. We speculated that ketamine triggered the formation of NLRP3 and caspase-1 complex and its translocation to the mitochondria. In consistent with this, ketamine treatment was found to induce pyroptosis in mouse primary hippocampal neurons, which was characterized by increased pore formation and elevated lactate dehydrogenase release in mitochondria. Silencing caspase-1 with lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly decreased the levels of not only pyroptosis-related proteins but also mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in mouse primary hippocampal neurons. We conclude that caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis is an important event which may be an essential pathway involved in the mitochondria-associated apoptosis in ketamine-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yunchuan Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Guo H, Camargo LM, Yeboah F, Digan ME, Niu H, Pan Y, Reiling S, Soler-Llavina G, Weihofen WA, Wang HR, Shanker YG, Stams T, Bill A. A NMDA-receptor calcium influx assay sensitive to stimulation by glutamate and glycine/D-serine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11608. [PMID: 28912557 PMCID: PMC5599507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that function in synaptic transmission, plasticity and cognition. Malfunction of NMDARs has been implicated in a variety of nervous system disorders, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Overexpression of functional NMDAR in non-neuronal cells results in cell death by excitotoxicity, hindering the development of cell-based assays for NMDAR drug discovery. Here we report a plate-based, high-throughput approach to study NMDAR function. Our assay enables the functional study of NMDARs with different subunit composition after activation by glycine/D-serine or glutamate and hence presents the first plate-based, high throughput assay that allows for the measurement of NMDAR function in glycine/D-serine and/or glutamate sensitive modes. This allows to investigate the effect of small molecule modulators on the activation of NMDARs at different concentrations or combinations of the co-ligands. The reported assay system faithfully replicates the pharmacology of the receptor in response to known agonists, antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators, as well as the receptor’s sensitivity to magnesium and zinc. We believe that the ability to study the biology of NMDARs rapidly and in large scale screens will enable the identification of novel therapeutics whose discovery has otherwise been hindered by the limitations of existing cell based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Guo
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - L Miguel Camargo
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fred Yeboah
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Digan
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Honglin Niu
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephan Reiling
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gilberto Soler-Llavina
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Neuroscience, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wilhelm A Weihofen
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Y Gopi Shanker
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Neuroscience, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Travis Stams
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anke Bill
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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16
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Herzog R, Zendedel A, Lammerding L, Beyer C, Slowik A. Impact of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone on inflammatory and apoptotic microRNA expression after ischemia in a rat model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:126-134. [PMID: 27884727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) are neuroprotective factors in the brain preventing neuronal death under different injury paradigms. In previous studies, we demonstrated that both steroids dampen neuronal damage, improve local energy metabolism and attenuate pro-inflammatory responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulators of distinct target genes on the RNA level. Their expression patterns are misbalanced in several neurological disorders. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of steroid hormones on selected miRNAs and their validated targets in ischemia, we used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model. 12-week old male rats were subjected to 2h tMCAO and expression patterns of miR-223, miR-200c, miR-375, miR-199 and miR-214 (all -3p) were determined. Using semi-quantitative real time PCR, we examined the role of E2 or P as regulatory factors for miRNAs and theirs target genes. Besides miR-375, all mentioned miRNAs showed a steady increase with a peak at 72h post tMCAO, whereas highest levels of miR-375 were detected at 12h post tMCAO. E2 or P selectively dampened miR-223 and miR-214 but further boosted miR-375 levels. With respect to the miR-223 regulated target genes NR2B and GRIA2 which both decreased after tMCAO, E2 and P application reversed this effect. Further, steroid treatment inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase of the miR-375 target genes Bcl-2 and RAD1. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory role of neuroprotection mediated by sex steroids in the brain. Both hormones are capable of influencing the expression of miRNAs which are relevant during neuropathological processes. Thereby, E2 and P indirectly control pro-apoptotic and -inflammatory gene translation and provide a mechanism to dampen explosive tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Herzog
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Giulan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leoni Lammerding
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; JARA-Brain, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Nieto N. Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010009. [PMID: 28134813 PMCID: PMC5372721 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranges from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most prevalent forms of ALD are alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis, which frequently progress as people continue drinking. ALD refers to a number of symptoms/deficits that contribute to liver injury. These include steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which, when taken together, sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression. The pathogenesis of ALD, influenced by host and environmental factors, is currently only partially understood. To date, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation from the gut to the portal blood, aging, gender, increased infiltration and activation of neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages along with alcohol plus iron metabolism, with its associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all key events contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD. This review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol-mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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18
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Arbore G, Kemper C. A novel "complement-metabolism-inflammasome axis" as a key regulator of immune cell effector function. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1563-73. [PMID: 27184294 PMCID: PMC5025719 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that induce and regulate the generation of the key pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 in response to infectious microbes and cellular stress. The activation of inflammasomes involves several upstream signals including classic pattern or danger recognition systems such as the TLRs. Recently, however, the activation of complement receptors, such as the anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors and the complement regulator CD46, in conjunction with the sensing of cell metabolic changes, for instance increased amino acid influx and glycolysis (via mTORC1), have emerged as additional critical activators of the inflammasome. This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge about complement‐mediated inflammasome activation, with a specific focus on a novel “complement – metabolism – NLRP3 inflammasome axis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Musso G, Cassader M, Gambino R. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: emerging molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:249-74. [PMID: 26794269 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - the most common chronic liver disease - encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Over the next decade, NASH is projected to be the most common indication for liver transplantation. The absence of an effective pharmacological therapy for NASH is a major incentive for research into novel therapeutic approaches for this condition. The current focus areas for research include the modulation of nuclear transcription factors; agents that target lipotoxicity and oxidative stress; and the modulation of cellular energy homeostasis, metabolism and the inflammatory response. Strategies to enhance resolution of inflammation and fibrosis also show promise to reverse the advanced stages of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Gradenigo Hospital, Corso Regina Margherita 8, 10132 Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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20
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Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L, Valdez-Hernández L, Meza-Sosa KF, Ando-Kuri M. Negative regulation of the inflammasome: keeping inflammation under control. Immunol Rev 2016; 265:231-57. [PMID: 25879297 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its roles in controlling infection and tissue repair, inflammation plays a critical role in diverse and distinct chronic diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders, underscoring the harmful effect of an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Regardless of the nature of the stimulus, initiation of the inflammatory response is mediated by assembly of a multimolecular protein complex called the inflammasome, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The different stimuli and mechanisms that control inflammasome activation are fairly well understood, but the mechanisms underlying the control of undesired inflammasome activation and its inactivation remain largely unknown. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that negatively regulate inflammasome activation to prevent unwanted activation in the resting state, as well as those involved in terminating the inflammatory response after a specific insult to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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21
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Sharma D, Parameswaran N. Multifaceted role of β-arrestins in inflammation and disease. Genes Immun 2015; 16:499-513. [PMID: 26378652 PMCID: PMC4670277 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arrestins are intracellular scaffolding proteins known to regulate a range of biochemical processes including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, signal attenuation, receptor turnover and downstream signaling cascades. Their roles in regulation of signaling network have lately been extended to receptors outside of the GPCR family, demonstrating their roles as important scaffolding proteins in various physiological processes including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for arrestins in immunological processes including key functions in inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the different functions of the arrestin family of proteins especially related to immunity and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824
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22
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Morland C, Lauritzen KH, Puchades M, Holm-Hansen S, Andersson K, Gjedde A, Attramadal H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. The lactate receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 81/hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1: Expression and action in brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Oral Biology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Knut Husø Lauritzen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Maja Puchades
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Signe Holm-Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Krister Andersson
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Linda Hildegard Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Hoque R, Mehal WZ. Inflammasomes in pancreatic physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G643-51. [PMID: 25700081 PMCID: PMC4398840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review we summarize the role of inflammasomes in pancreatic physiology and disease with a focus on acute pancreatitis where much recent progress has been made. New findings have identified inducers of and cell specificity of inflammasome component expression in the pancreas, the contribution of inflammasome-regulated effectors to pancreatitis, and metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation, which are strong determinants of injury in pancreatitis. New areas of pancreatic biology will be highlighted in the context of our evolving understanding of gut microbiome- and injury-induced inflammasome priming, pyroptosis, and innate immune-mediated regulation of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaz Hoque
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Wajahat Z. Mehal
- 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and ,2Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
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Mao K, Chen S, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Ma Y, Hu Y, Zhang H, Sun S, Wu X, Meng G, Pei G, Sun B. β-arrestin1 is critical for the full activation of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1867-73. [PMID: 25582856 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of IL-1β, which are critical for inflammation and control of pathogen infection. Although the function of inflammasomes in immune response and disease development is well studied, the molecular mechanism by which inflammasomes are activated and assembled remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that β-arrestin1, a key regulator of the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, was required for nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation, but it had no effect on absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation. Moreover, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) pyroptosome, which is ASC aggregation mediating caspase-1 activation, was also impaired in β-arrestin1-deficient macrophages upon NLRP3 or NLRC4, but not AIM2 inflammasome activation. Mechanistic study revealed that β-arrestin1 specifically interacted with NLRP3 and NLRC4 and promoted their self-oligomerization. In vivo, in a monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced NLRP3-dependent peritonitis model, MSU-induced IL-1β production and neutrophil flux were significantly reduced in β-arrestin1 knockout mice. Additionally, β-arrestin1 deficiency rescued the weight loss of mice upon log-phase Salmonella typhimurium infection, with less IL-1β production. Taken together, our results indicate that β-arrestin1 plays a critical role in the assembly and activation of two major canonical inflammasomes, and it may provide a new therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361008, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yonglei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; and
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
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