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Ge Z, Chen C, Chen J, Jiang Z, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen H, He L, Zou Y, Long X, Zhan H, Wang H, Wang H, Lu Y. Gut Microbiota-Derived 3-Hydroxybutyrate Blocks GPR43-Mediated IL6 Signaling to Ameliorate Radiation Proctopathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2306217. [PMID: 38742466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Radiation proctopathy (RP) is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence. RP accompanies by microbial dysbiosis. However, how the gut microbiota affects the disease remains unclear. Here, metabolomics reveals that the fecal and serous concentrations of microbiota-derived 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) are significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients. Moreover, the concentration of 3HB is negatively associated with the expression of proinflammatory IL6 that is increased along with the severity of radiation damage. 3HB treatment significantly downregulates IL6 expression and alleviates IL6-mediated radiation damage. Irradiated cell-fecal microbiota co-culture experiments and in vivo assays show that such a radioprotection of 3HB is mediated by GPR43. Microbiome analysis reveals that radiation leads to a distinct bacterial community compared to untreated controls, in which Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients and is associated with lower 3HB concentration. Gavage of A. muciniphila significantly increases 3HB concentration, downregulates GPR43 and IL6 expression, and ameliorates radiation damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiota, including A. muciniphila, induce higher concentrations of 3HB to block GPR43-mediated IL6 signaling, thereby conferring radioprotection. The findings reveal a novel implication of the gut-immune axis in radiation pathophysiology, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuang Ge
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yingqi Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Lei He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Long
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hongyu Zhan
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Run Ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Peritore-Galve FC, Kaji I, Smith A, Walker LM, Shupe JA, Washington MK, Algood HMS, Dudeja PK, Goldenring JR, Lacy DB. Increased intestinal permeability and downregulation of absorptive ion transporters Nhe3, Dra, and Sglt1 contribute to diarrhea during Clostridioides difficile infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2225841. [PMID: 37350393 PMCID: PMC10291935 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2225841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Two protein toxins, TcdA and TcdB, produced by C. difficile are the major determinants of disease. However, the pathophysiological causes of diarrhea during CDI are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of C. difficile toxins on paracellular permeability and apical ion transporters in the context of an acute physiological infection. METHODS We studied intestinal permeability and apical membrane transporters in female C57BL/6J mice. Üssing chambers were used to measure paracellular permeability and ion transporter function across the intestinal tract. Infected intestinal tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and RNA-sequencing to uncover mechanisms of transporter dysregulation. RESULTS Intestinal permeability was increased through the size-selective leak pathway in vivo during acute CDI in a 2-day-post infection model. Chloride secretory activity was reduced in the cecum and distal colon during infection by decreased CaCC and CFTR function, respectively. SGLT1 activity was significantly reduced in the cecum and colon, accompanied by ablated SGLT1 expression in colonocytes and increased luminal glucose concentrations. SGLT1 and DRA expression was ablated by either TcdA or TcdB during acute infection, but NHE3 was decreased in a TcdB-dependent manner. The localization of key proteins that link filamentous actin to the ion transporters in the apical plasma membrane was unchanged. However, Sglt1, Nhe3, and Dra were drastically reduced at the transcript level, implicating downregulation of ion transporters in the mechanism of diarrhea during CDI. CONCLUSIONS CDI increases intestinal permeability and decreases apical abundance of NHE3, SGLT1, and DRA. This combination likely leads to dysfunctional water and solute absorption in the large bowel, causing osmotic diarrhea. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diarrhea and may open novel avenues for attenuating CDI-associated diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Christopher Peritore-Galve
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren M. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A. Shupe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D. Borden Lacy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kim SY, Ban HJ, Lee S, Jin HJ. Regulation of CIRP by genetic factors of SP1 related to cold sensitivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994699. [PMID: 36189232 PMCID: PMC9524288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding-protein (CIRP) is a cold shock protein that plays a protective role in genotoxic stress response. CIRP modulates inflammation in human diseases, inhibits cell proliferation, and protects cells from genotoxic damage during cellular stress. The mild cold responsive element and specificity protein 1 (SP1) play a role in Cirp expression at low temperatures. Although previous studies have provided insights into the immune functions of SP1 or CIRP, the mechanisms by which CIRP and SP1 me diate inflammatory responses remain largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, we examined whether Cirp expression is affected by genetic factors related to temperature sensitivity as well as under low temperature. We performed a genome-wide association study on cold sensitivity in 2,000 participants. Fifty-six genome-wide significant trait-locus pairs were identified (p<1×10-5, false discovery rate < 0.05). Among these variants, rs1117050 and rs11170510 had a strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) relationship and expression quantitative trait locus-associated signals with the nearest Sp1 gene. We confirmed that the minor alleles of rs11170510 and rs58123204 were associated with increased Sp1 expression. Additionally, Sp1 overexpression led to CIRP translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CIRP protein levels increased in serum samples that had minor alleles of rs11170510 and rs58123204. Levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines were also significantly increased in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with minor alleles of rs11170510 and rs58123204. These results suggest that genetic factors related to cold sensitivity regulate CIRP expression and function and provide valuable insights into prediction of potential diseases through analysis of inherent genetic factors in humans.
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Natural carbazole alkaloid murrayafoline A displays potent anti-neuroinflammatory effect by directly targeting transcription factor Sp1 in LPS-induced microglial cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Peng X, Zheng Y, Cheng Z, Sun S, Ding Q, Liu W, Ding C. A poloxamer/hyaluronic acid/chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel that releases dihydromyricetin to promote wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:475-486. [PMID: 35810849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wounds caused by accidents and surgery are inevitable, and inflammation and microbial infection during the healing process are serious clinical challenges, resulting in slow wound healing. In this study, we created a 37 °C-sensitive hydrogel using poloxamer, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, loaded with the active substance dihydromyricetin, and further evaluated its potential for wound healing. The hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis for their micromorphological structure, characteristic functional groups, crystal structure and thermal stability, and in vitro drug release assays showed that the hydrogel could slowly release dihydromyricetin. In addition, the hydrogels were found to exhibit good biocompatibility and significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity according to hemolysis, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory tests. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazole cytotoxicity tests verified that the film was non-toxic to human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, while in vivo experiments showed that this hydrogel could promote skin repair by promoting skin-associated growth factor expression and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B-mediated cellular inflammatory factors. These results demonstrated that the temperature-sensitive hydrogels loaded with dihydromyricetin could serve as potential candidates for guided skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuwen Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
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Integrated analysis of microbe-host interactions in Crohn’s disease reveals potential mechanisms of microbial proteins on host gene expression. iScience 2022; 25:103963. [PMID: 35479407 PMCID: PMC9035720 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zwierzchowski L, Ostrowska M, Żelazowska B, Bagnicka E. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine SLC2A12 and SLC5A1 glucose transporter genes - the effect on gene expression and milk traits of Holstein Friesian cows. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:225-235. [PMID: 34355642 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1954934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the 5'-regulatory regions (promoters) of the bovine glucose transporter (GT) genes SLC2A12 and SLC5A1. These polymorphisms were shown to associate with certain milk production traits in HF cows, including milk yield, milk composition, and somatic cell count. It was shown that the SNP g.-671C > G (NC_037336.1: g.72224078C > G) in the SLC2A12 gene could be an effective marker of cattle production traits and that genotypes CC and CG are associated with the best productivity. The polymorphisms found in the SLC5A1 gene promoter also influenced milk production traits in HF cows, albeit to a lesser extent, and we propose that these polymorphisms could be useful as genetic markers for milk production traits in marker-assisted selection (MAS); however, this must be confirmed on larger populations of cattle. In addition, the presence of polymorphisms within promoter regions appears to affect the expression of GT genes in the cow mammary gland and modify transcription factor (TF) binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Zwierzchowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology Polish Academy of Sciences (IGAB PAS), Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ostrowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Żelazowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology Polish Academy of Sciences (IGAB PAS), Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology Polish Academy of Sciences (IGAB PAS), Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and TNF α on Neuronal Ascorbic Acid Uptake. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:4157132. [PMID: 34285658 PMCID: PMC8275400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4157132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid: AA) uptake in neurons occurs via the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT2), which is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). During chronic neuroinflammation or infection, CNS levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are increased. Elevated levels of LPS and TNFα have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases together with reduced levels of AA. However, little is known about the impacts of LPS and TNFα on neuronal AA uptake. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of LPS and TNFα on SVCT2 expression and function using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with either LPS or TNFα inhibited AA uptake. This reduced uptake was associated with a significant decrease in SVCT2 protein and mRNA levels. In vivo exposure to LPS or TNFα also decreased SVCT2 protein and mRNA levels in mouse brains. Both LPS and TNFα decreased SLC23A2 promoter activity. Further, the inhibitory effect of LPS on a minimal SLC23A2 promoter was attenuated when either the binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 was mutated or cells were treated with the NF-κB inhibitor, celastrol. We conclude that inflammatory signals suppress AA uptake by impairing SLC23A2 transcription through opposing regulation of Sp1 and NF-κB factors.
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Hu JN, Yang JY, Jiang S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Hou JG, Gong XJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Li W. Panax quinquefolium saponins protect against cisplatin evoked intestinal injury via ROS-mediated multiple mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153446. [PMID: 33387967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is one of the most common chemotherapeutic drugs. Cisplatin-induced toxicity gives rise to gastrointestinal cell damage, subsequent diarrhea and vomiting, leading to the discontinuation of its clinical application in long-term cancer chemotherapy. Panax quinquefolium L., also known as American ginseng, has many pharmacological activities such as improving immunity, anti-tumor, anti-radiation and blood sugar lowering. PURPOSE Previously, our laboratory reported that American ginseng berry extract could alleviate chemotherapeutic agents-induced renal damage caused by cisplatin. Hence, this study further explored the protective effect of P. quinquefolium saponins (PQS) on cisplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Biochemical markers, levels of inflammatory factors, histopathological staining and western blotting were used to analyze intestinal injury based on various molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We demonstrated the destruction of the intestinal barrier caused by cisplatin exposure by detecting the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Meanwhile, cisplatin exposure changed SOD and MDA levels in the small intestine, causing oxidative damage to the intestinal mucosa. The inflammation associated-intestinal damage was further explored by the measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway protein expression. Moreover, apoptotic cells labeled with TUNEL staining-positive cells and activated caspase family proteins suggest that cisplatin induces intestinal apoptosis. Interestingly, PQS pretreatment significantly reversed these situations. CONCLUSION These evidences clearly suggest that PQS can alleviate cisplatin-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing the occurrence of inflammation and apoptosis, and improving intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600 China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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Sato Y, Rahman MM, Haneda M, Tsuyama T, Mizumoto T, Yoshizawa T, Kitamura T, Gonzalez FJ, Yamamura KI, Yamagata K. HNF1α controls glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-cells through modulation of SGLT1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Subramanian VS, Sabui S, Moradi H, Marchant JS, Said HM. Inhibition of intestinal ascorbic acid uptake by lipopolysaccharide is mediated via transcriptional mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:556-565. [PMID: 29030247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) accumulation in intestinal epithelial cells is an active transport process mainly mediated by two sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCT-1 and SVCT-2). To date, little is known about the effect of gut microbiota generated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bacterially-derived LPS on AA homeostasis in enterocytes using Caco-2 cells, mouse intestine and intestinal enteroids models. Pre-treating Caco-2 cells and mice with LPS led to a significant decrease in carrier-mediated AA uptake. This inhibition was associated with a significant reduction in SVCT-1 and SVCT-2 protein, mRNA, and hnRNA expression. Furthermore, pre-treating enteroids with LPS also led to a marked decrease in SVCT-1 and SVCT-2 protein and mRNA expression. Inhibition of SVCT-1 and SVCT-2 occurred at least in part at the transcriptional level as promoter activity of SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 was attenuated following LPS treatment. Subsequently, we examined the protein and mRNA expression levels of HNF1α and Sp1 transcription factors, which are needed for basal SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 promoter activity, and found that they were significantly decreased in the LPS treated Caco-2 cells and mouse jejunum; this was reflected on level of the observed reduction in the interaction of these transcription factors with their respective promoters in Caco-2 cells treated with LPS. Our findings indicate that LPS inhibits intestinal carrier- mediated AA uptake by down regulating the expression of both vitamin C transporters and transcriptional regulation of SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veedamali S Subramanian
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States.
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
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L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9747256. [PMID: 28812027 PMCID: PMC5546063 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
L-theanine has various advantageous functions for human health; whether or not it could mediate the nutrients absorption is unknown yet. The effects of L-theanine on intestinal nutrients absorption were investigated using rats ingesting L-theanine solution (0, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) per day for two weeks. The decline of insulin secretion and glucose concentration in the serum was observed by L-theanine. Urea and high-density lipoprotein were also reduced by 50 mg/kg L-theanine. Jejunal and ileac basic amino acids transporters SLC7a1 and SLC7a9, neutral SLC1a5 and SLC16a10, and acidic SLC1a1 expression were upregulated. The expression of intestinal SGLT3 and GLUT5 responsible for carbohydrates uptake and GPR120 and FABP2 associated with fatty acids transport were inhibited. These results indicated that L-theanine could inhibit the glucose uptake by downregulating the related gene expression in the small intestine of rats. Intestinal gene expression of transporters responding to amino acids absorption was stimulated by L-theanine administration.
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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The Na+-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 are targets for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 170:148-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang CW, Su SC, Huang SF, Huang YC, Chan FN, Kuo YH, Hung MW, Lin HC, Chang WL, Chang TC. An Essential Role of cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Ginsenoside Rg1-Mediated Inhibition of Na+/Glucose Cotransporter 1 Gene Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:1072-83. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.097352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang CW, Chang WL, Huang YC, Chou FC, Chan FN, Su SC, Huang SF, Ko HH, Ko YL, Lin HC, Chang TC. An essential role of cAMP response element-binding protein in epidermal growth factor-mediated induction of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 gene expression and intestinal glucose uptake. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:239-51. [PMID: 25936754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is responsible for glucose uptake in intestinal epithelial cells. Its expression is decreased in individuals with intestinal inflammatory disorders and is correlated with the pathogenesis of disease. The aim of this study was to understand the regulatory mechanism of the SGLT1 gene. Using the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation, we observed decreased SGLT1 expression in the inflamed intestine was positively correlated with the mucosal level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and activated CREB. Overexpression of EGF demonstrated that the effect of EGF on intestinal glucose uptake was primarily due to the increased level of SGLT1. We identified an essential cAMP binding element (CRE) confers EGF inducibility in the human SGLT1 gene promoter. ChIP assay further demonstrated the increased binding of CREB and CBP to the SGLT1 gene promoter in EGF-treated cells. In addition, the EGFR- and PI3K-dependent CREB phosphorylations are involved in the EGF-mediated SGLT1 expression. This is the first report to demonstrate that CREB is involved in EGF-mediated transcription regulation of SGLT1 gene in the normal and inflamed intestine, which can provide potential therapeutic applications for intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Liang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Chi Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Na Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chieh Su
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Hsuan Ko
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Ko
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hang-Chin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wang CW, Huang YC, Chan FN, Su SC, Kuo YH, Huang SF, Hung MW, Lin HC, Chang WL, Chang TC. A gut microbial metabolite of ginsenosides, compound K, induces intestinal glucose absorption and Na(+) /glucose cotransporter 1 gene expression through activation of cAMP response element binding protein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:670-84. [PMID: 25600494 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The Na(+) /glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) plays a crucial role in glucose uptake in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which has been shown essential in ameliorating intestinal inflammation. Ginseng has historically been used to treat inflammatory disorders. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of ginseng-mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression in human intestinal cells is therefore important. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that ginsenoside compound K (CK) enhances SGLT1-mediated glucose uptake in mice and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Transient transfection analysis using SGLT1 promoter-luciferase reporters demonstrated that the presence of an essential cAMP response element (CRE) is required for CK-mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression. The ChIP assays indicated that increased CRE-binding protein (CREB) and CREB-binding protein (CBP) binding to the SGLT1 promoter in CK-treated cells is associated with an activated chromatin state. Our result showed that the increased CREB phosphorylation is directly correlated with SGLT1 expression in IECs. Further studies indicated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is involved in the CK-mediated effect. CONCLUSION These findings provide a novel mechanism for the CK-mediated upregulation of SGLT1 expression through EGFR-CREB signaling activation, which could contribute to reducing gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Babelova A, Burckhardt BC, Wegner W, Burckhardt G, Henjakovic M. Sex-differences in renal expression of selected transporters and transcription factors in lean and obese Zucker spontaneously hypertensive fatty rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:483238. [PMID: 25710042 PMCID: PMC4325971 DOI: 10.1155/2015/483238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify sex-dependent expression of renal transporter mRNA in lean and obese Zucker spontaneously hypertensive fatty (ZSF1) rats and to investigate the interaction of the most altered transporter, organic anion transporter 2 (Oat2), with diabetes-relevant metabolites and drugs. Higher incidence of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and protein casts in Bowman's space and tubular lumen was detected by PAS staining in obese male compared to female ZSF1 rats. Real-time PCR on RNA isolated from kidney cortex revealed that Sglt1-2, Oat1-3, and Oct1 were higher expressed in kidneys of lean females. Oct2 and Mrp2 were higher expressed in obese males. Renal mRNA levels of transporters were reduced with diabetic nephropathy in females and the expression of transcription factors Hnf1β and Hnf4α in both sexes. The highest difference between lean and obese ZSF1 rats was found for Oat2. Therefore, we have tested the interaction of human OAT2 with various substances using tritium-labeled cGMP. Human OAT2 showed no interaction with diabetes-related metabolites, diabetic drugs, and ACE-inhibitors. However, OAT2-dependent uptake of cGMP was inhibited by furosemide. The strongly decreased expression of Oat2 and other transporters in female diabetic ZSF1 rats could possibly impair renal drug excretion, for example, of furosemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Babelova
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (Physiology I), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgitta C. Burckhardt
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waja Wegner
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Burckhardt
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maja Henjakovic
- Institute for Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- *Maja Henjakovic:
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Thomson ABR, Chopra A, Clandinin MT, Freeman H. Recent advances in small bowel diseases: Part II. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3353-74. [PMID: 22807605 PMCID: PMC3396188 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i26.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As is the case in all areas of gastroenterology and hepatology, in 2009 and 2010 there were many advances in our knowledge and understanding of small intestinal diseases. Over 1000 publications were reviewed, and the important advances in basic science as well as clinical applications were considered. In Part II we review six topics: absorption, short bowel syndrome, smooth muscle function and intestinal motility, tumors, diagnostic imaging, and cystic fibrosis.
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