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Sha C, Van Brunt T, Kudria J, Schmidt D, Yurovsky A, Bandovic J, Giarrizzo M, Lin J, Tsirka SA, Bialkowska AB, Wollmuth L, Speer E, Hsieh H. A graded neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis demonstrates that mild enterocolitis is sufficient to activate microglia and increase cerebral cytokine expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551849. [PMID: 38746118 PMCID: PMC11092491 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory gastrointestinal process that afflicts approximately 10% of preterm infants born in the United States each year, with a mortality rate of 30%. NEC severity is graded using Bell's classification system, from stage I mild NEC to stage III severe NEC. Over half of NEC survivors present with neurodevelopmental impairment during adolescence, a long-term complication that is poorly understood but can occur even after mild NEC. Although multiple animal models exist, none allow the experimenter to control nor represent the gradient of symptom severities seen in NEC patients. We bridge this knowledge gap by developing a graded murine model of NEC and studying its relationship with neuroinflammation across a range of NEC severities. Methods Postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice were fed a formula containing different concentrations (0% control, 0.25%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). P3 mice were fed every 3 hours for 72-hours. We collected data on weight gain and behavior (activity, response, body color) during feeding. At the end of the experiment, we collected tissues (intestine, liver, plasma, brain) for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and cytokine and chemokine analysis. Results Throughout NEC induction, mice fed higher concentrations of DSS died sooner, lost weight faster, and became sick or lethargic earlier. Intestinal characteristics (dilation, color, friability) were worse in mice fed with higher DSS concentrations. Histology revealed small intestinal disarray among mice fed all DSS concentrations, while higher DSS concentrations resulted in reduced small intestinal cellular proliferation and increased hepatic and systemic inflammation. In the brain, IL-2, G-CSF, and CXCL1 concentrations increased with higher DSS concentrations. Although the number of neurons and microglia in the CA1 hippocampal region did not differ, microglial branching was significantly reduced in DSS-fed mice. Conclusion We characterize a novel graded model of NEC that recapitulates the full range of NEC severities. We show that mild NEC is sufficient to initiate neuroinflammation and microglia activation. This model will facilitate studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of NEC.
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Gao Y, Ju Y, Ren X, Zhang L, Yin X. Enhanced infection efficiency and cytotoxicity mediated by vpx-containing lentivirus in chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21886. [PMID: 38058430 PMCID: PMC10696197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified macrophage infusion has been proven to be a novel treatment for cancer. One of the most important processes in macrophage-based therapy is the efficient transfer of genes. HIV-1-derived lentiviruses were widely used as delivery vectors in chimeric antigen receptor T and NK cell construction. While macrophages are relatively refractory to this lentiviral vector transduction as a result of the myeloid-specific restriction factor SAMHD1, which inhibited the virion cycle through exhausting the dNTPs pool and degradating RNAs. An efficient macrophage transduction strategy has been developed via packaging the HIV-2 accessory protein Vpx into the virion. Vpx counteracts SAMHD1 through CRL4 (DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase mediated SAMHD1 degradation, yet the influence by the introduction of Vpx on macrophage has not been fully evaluated. Here, we constructed the chimeric lentiviral vector HIV-1-Vpx and systematically analyzed the infection efficiency of this vector in time-dependent manner. Our results showed that the simplified chimeric virus exhibited dramatically enhanced infection in human macrophages compared to normal lentivirus. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing was performed to evaluate the cellular status after chimeric virus infection. The sequencing results indicated that Vpx introduction promoted macrophage remodeling towards a proinflammatory phenotype, without affecting classic M1/M2 cell surface markers. Our results suggest that the Vpx-containing lentivirus could be used as an ideal tool for the generation of genetically engineered macrophages with high gene transfer efficiency and poised proinflammatory gene sets, especially for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Yue Ju
- Roc Rock Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, the Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
- Roc Rock Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518118, China
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Tsai YC, Hsin MC, Liu RJ, Li TW, Ch’ang HJ. Krüppel-like Factor 10 as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker of Radiotherapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5212. [PMID: 37958386 PMCID: PMC10648792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 12%. Although radiotherapy is effective for the locoregional control of PDAC, it does not have survival benefits compared with systemic chemotherapy. Most patients with localized PDAC develop distant metastasis shortly after diagnosis. Upfront chemotherapy has been suggested so that patients with localized PDAC with early distant metastasis do not have to undergo radical local therapy. Several potential tissue markers have been identified for selecting patients who may benefit from local radiotherapy, thereby prolonging their survival. This review summarizes these biomarkers including SMAD4, which is significantly associated with PDAC failure patterns and survival. In particular, Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is an early response transcription factor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Unlike TGF-β in advanced cancers, KLF10 loss in two-thirds of patients with PDAC was associated with rapid distant metastasis and radioresistance; thus, KLF10 can serve as a predictive and therapeutic marker for PDAC. For patients with resectable PDAC, a combination of KLF10 and SMAD4 expression in tumor tissues may help select those who may benefit the most from additional radiotherapy. Future trials should consider upfront systemic therapy or include molecular biomarker-enriched patients without early distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chih Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.H.)
| | - Min-Chieh Hsin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.H.)
| | - Rui-Jun Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.H.)
| | - Ting-Wei Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.H.)
| | - Hui-Ju Ch’ang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Afshar S, Leili T, Amini P, Dinu I. Introducing novel key genes and transcription factors associated with rectal cancer response to chemoradiation through co-expression network analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18869. [PMID: 37636389 PMCID: PMC10447927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative radiochemotherapy is a promising therapeutic method for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. However, the response of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to preoperative radiotherapy varies widely. In this study, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers that could predict the response of colorectal tumors to treatment using a systems biology approach. We applied the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to construct co-expression networks and evaluated the correlation of these networks with radiation using the module-trait relationship. We then identified hub genes and related transcription factors in the selected co-expression module. Our analysis of seven constructed modules revealed that one module, which contained 113 nodes and 6066 edges, had the strongest correlation with radiation effects on CRC (correlation = 0.85; p-value = 6e-7). By analyzing the selected module with the CytoHubba plugin, we identified four hub genes, including ZEB2, JAM2, NDN, and PPAP2A. We also identified seven important transcription factors, including KLF4, SUZ12, TCF4, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, and SMARCA4, which may play essential roles in regulating the four hub genes. In summary, our findings suggest that ZEB2, JAM2, NDN, and PPAP2A, along with the seven transcription factors related to these hub genes, may be associated with the response of colorectal tumors to chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Afshar
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tapak Leili
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Irina Dinu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Xiao Y, He Y, Xu C, Li M, Hu F, Wang W, Wang Z, Cao Y. Exposure to MoS2 nanosheets or bulk activated Kruppel-like factor 4 in 3D Caco-2 spheroids in vitro and mouse intestines in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37186336 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) are novel 2D nanomaterials (NMs) being used in many important fields. Recently, we proposed the need to evaluate the influences of NMs on Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) even if these materials are relatively biocompatible. In this study, we investigated the influences of MoS2 NSs or bulk on KLF4 signaling pathway in 3D Caco-2 spheroids in vitro and mouse intestines in vivo. Through the analysis of our previous RNA-sequencing data, we found that exposure to MoS2 NSs or bulk activated KLF4 expression in 3D Caco-2 spheroids. Consistently, these materials also activated KLF4-related gene ontology (GO) terms and down-regulated a panel of KLF4-downstream genes. To verify these findings, we repeatedly exposed mice to MoS2 NSs or bulk materials via intragastrical administration (1 mg/kg bodyweight, once a day, for 4 days). It was shown that oral exposure to these materials decreased bodyweight, leading to relatively higher organ coefficients. As expected, exposure to both types of materials increased Mo elements as well as other trace elements, such as Zn, Fe, and Mn in mouse intestines. The exposure also induced morphological changes of intestines, such as shortening of intestinal villi and decreased crypt depth, which may result in decreased intestinal lipid staining. Consistent with RNA-sequencing data, we found that material exposure increased KLF4 protein staining in mouse intestines and decreased two KLF4 downstream proteins, namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and serine/threonine kinase (AKT). We concluded that MoS2 materials were capable to activate KLF4-signaling pathway in intestines both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xiao
- Fifth Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Graduate School of Hunan University, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chongsi Xu
- Fifth Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Li
- Fifth Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Fifth Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fifth Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Third Department of Anorectal, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Depoërs L, Dumont-Lagacé M, Trinh VQH, Houques C, Côté C, Larouche JD, Brochu S, Perreault C. Klf4 protects thymus integrity during late pregnancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1016378. [PMID: 37180153 PMCID: PMC10174329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1016378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy causes abrupt thymic atrophy. This atrophy is characterized by a severe decrease in the number of all thymocyte subsets and qualitative (but not quantitative) changes in thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Pregnancy-related thymic involution is triggered by progesterone-induced functional changes affecting mainly cortical TECs (cTECs). Remarkably, this severe involution is rapidly corrected following parturition. We postulated that understanding the mechanisms of pregnancy-related thymic changes could provide novel insights into signaling pathways regulating TEC function. When we analyzed genes whose expression in TECs was modified during late pregnancy, we found a strong enrichment in genes bearing KLF4 transcription factor binding motifs. We, therefore, engineered a Psmb11-iCre : Klf4lox/lox mouse model to study the impact of TEC-specific Klf4 deletion in steady-state conditions and during late pregnancy. Under steady-state conditions, Klf4 deletion had a minimal effect on TEC subsets and did not affect thymic architecture. However, pregnancy-induced thymic involution was much more pronounced in pregnant females lacking Klf4 expression in TECs. These mice displayed a substantial ablation of TECs with a more pronounced loss of thymocytes. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of Klf4 -/- TECs revealed that Klf4 maintains cTEC numbers by supporting cell survival and preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity during late pregnancy. We conclude that Klf4 is essential for preserving TEC's integrity and mitigating thymic involution during late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyle Depoërs
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Dumont-Lagacé
- ExCellThera, Inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
- Piercing Star Technologies, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Houques
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Côté
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-David Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Brochu
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Brochu, ; Claude Perreault,
| | - Claude Perreault
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Brochu, ; Claude Perreault,
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Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation through Kruppel-like factor 4 upregulation both in vivo and in vitro. Life Sci 2022; 310:121072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tong L, Tang C, Cai C, Guan X. Upregulation of the microRNA rno-miR-146b-5p may be involved in the development of intestinal injury through inhibition of Kruppel-like factor 4 in intestinal sepsis. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1334-1349. [PMID: 33200654 PMCID: PMC8291882 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1851476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of intestinal sepsis are unclear. This study investigated the role of rno-miR-146b-5p in sepsis-induced intestinal injury. A rat sepsis model was created using the cecal ligation and puncture method. The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in sepsis rats were examined using miRNA and mRNA sequencing; rno-miR-146b was selected for further investigation. The mimics and inhibitors of rno-miR-146b-5p were transfected into IEC-6 cells and then with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and the expressions of Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and Cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) were assessed by quantitative real-time transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Next, cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, and scratch wound healing assay was used to assess cell migration. In sepsis rat model, crypt cell proliferation was inhibited and crypt cell apoptosis was increased. Compared with the sham control, results of miRNA and mRNA sequencing showed that there were 17 miRNAs and 1617 mRNAs that were upregulated and 123 miRNAs and 1917 mRNAs that were downregulated in the sepsis model group. The network diagrams and qRT-PCR validation indicated that rno-miR-146b-5p may inhibit the expression of Klf4. By adjusting the expression of rno-miR-146b-5p in IEC-6 cells with or without LPS treatment, we found that increased expression of rno-miR-146b-5p inhibited cell proliferation and migration and inhibited the expression of Ccnd2. rno-miR-146b-5p may play a vital role in the development of sepsis intestinal injury through targeting Klf4 expression and affecting promoter activity of Ccnd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxia Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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Zhou Z, Huang F, Shrivastava I, Zhu R, Luo A, Hottiger M, Bahar I, Liu Z, Cristofanilli M, Wan Y. New insight into the significance of KLF4 PARylation in genome stability, carcinogenesis, and therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12391. [PMID: 33231937 PMCID: PMC7721363 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF4 plays a critical role in determining cell fate responding to various stresses or oncogenic signaling. Here, we demonstrated that KLF4 is tightly regulated by poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation (PARylation). We revealed the subcellular compartmentation for KLF4 is orchestrated by PARP1‐mediated PARylation. We identified that PARylation of KLF4 is critical to govern KLF4 transcriptional activity through recruiting KLF4 from soluble nucleus to the chromatin. We mapped molecular motifs on KLF4 and PARP1 that facilitate their interaction and unveiled the pivotal role of the PBZ domain YYR motif (Y430, Y451 and R452) on KLF4 in enabling PARP1‐mediated PARylation of KLF4. Disruption of KLF4 PARylation results in failure in DNA damage response. Depletion of KLF4 by RNA interference or interference with PARP1 function by KLF4YYR/AAA (a PARylation‐deficient mutant) significantly sensitizes breast cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. We further demonstrated the role of KLF4 in modulating homologous recombination through regulating BRCA1 transcription. Our work points to the synergism between KLF4 and PARP1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, which provides a potential new therapeutic strategy for killing BRCA1‐proficient triple‐negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Furong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Indira Shrivastava
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Recent Discoveries on the Involvement of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in the Most Common Cancer Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228843. [PMID: 33266506 PMCID: PMC7700188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor highly conserved in evolution. It is particularly well known for its role in inducing pluripotent stem cells. In addition, KLF4 plays many roles in cancer. The results of most studies suggest that KLF4 is a tumor suppressor. However, the functioning of KLF4 is regulated at many levels. These include regulation of transcription, alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, protein stability and interactions with other molecules. Simple experiments aimed at assaying transcript levels or protein levels fail to address this complexity and thus may deliver misleading results. Tumor subtypes are also important; for example, in prostate cancer KLF4 is highly expressed in indolent tumors where it impedes tumor progression, while it is absent from aggressive prostate tumors. KLF4 is important in regulating response to many known drugs, and it also plays a role in tumor microenvironment. More and more information is available about upstream regulators, downstream targets and signaling pathways associated with the involvement of KLF4 in cancer. Furthermore, KLF4 performs critical function in the overall regulation of tissue homeostasis, cellular integrity, and progression towards malignancy. Here we summarize and analyze the latest findings concerning this fascinating transcription factor.
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11
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Orzechowska EJ, Katano T, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Interplay among p21 Waf1/Cip1, MUSASHI-1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 in activation of Bmi1-Cre ER reserve intestinal stem cells after gamma radiation-induced injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18300. [PMID: 33110120 PMCID: PMC7591575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation is a commonly used adjuvant treatment for abdominally localized cancer. Since its therapeutic potential is limited due to gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome, elucidation of the regenerative response following radiation-induced gut injury is needed to develop a preventive treatment. Previously, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) activates certain quiescent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by Bmi1-CreER to give rise to regenerating crypts following γ irradiation. In the current study, we showed that γ radiation-induced expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 in Bmi1-CreER cells is likely mitigated by MUSASHI-1 (MSI1) acting as a negative regulator of p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA translation, which promotes exit of the Bmi1-CreER cells from a quiescent state. Additionally, Bmi1-specific Klf4 deletion resulted in decreased numbers of MSI1+ cells in regenerating crypts compared to those of control mice. We showed that KLF4 binds to the Msi1 promoter and activates its expression in vitro. Since MSI1 has been shown to be crucial for crypt regeneration, this finding elucidates a pro-proliferative role of KLF4 during the postirradiation regenerative response. Taken together, our data suggest that the interplay among p21Waf1/Cip1, MSI1 and KLF4 regulates Bmi1-CreER cell survival, exit from quiescence and regenerative potential upon γ radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia J Orzechowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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12
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Yang DW, Wang TM, Zhang JB, Li XZ, He YQ, Xiao R, Xue WQ, Zheng XH, Zhang PF, Zhang SD, Hu YZ, Shen GP, Chen M, Sun Y, Jia WH. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic susceptibility loci and pathways of radiation-induced acute oral mucositis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:224. [PMID: 32503578 PMCID: PMC7275566 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common acute complications for head and neck cancer. Severe OM is associated with radiation treatment breaks, which harms successful tumor management. Radiogenomics studies have indicated that genetic variants are associated with adverse effects of radiotherapy. Methods A large-scale genome-wide scan was performed in 1467 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, including 753 treated with 2D-CRT from Genetic Architecture of the Radiotherapy Toxicity and Prognosis (GARTP) cohort and 714 treated with IMRT (192 from the GARTP and 522 newly recruited). Subgroup analysis by radiotherapy technique was further performed in the top associations. We also performed physical and regulatory mapping of the risk loci and gene set enrichment analysis of the candidate target genes. Results We identified 50 associated genomic loci and 64 genes via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping and gene-based analysis, and 36 of these loci were replicated in subgroup analysis. Interestingly, one of the top loci located in TNKS, a gene relevant to radiation toxicity, was associated with increased OM risk with OR = 3.72 of the lead SNP rs117157809 (95% CI 2.10–6.57; P = 6.33 × 10−6). Gene set analyses showed that the 64 candidate target genes were enriched in the biological processes of regulating telomere capping and maintenance and telomerase activity (Top P = 7.73 × 10−7). Conclusions These results enhance the biological understanding of radiotherapy toxicity. The association signals enriched in telomere function regulation implicate the potential underlying mechanism and warrant further functional investigation and potential individual radiotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Zhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Liu Z, Jiang J, He Q, Liu Z, Yang Z, Xu J, Huang Z, Wu B. β-Arrestin1-mediated decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation following radiation. FASEB J 2019; 33:10165-10176. [PMID: 31207192 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900376rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal toxicity limits the clinical application of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy and currently has no effective treatment. Intestinal leucine-rich-repeat-containing GPCR 5 (Lgr5)-positive stem cell depletion and loss of proliferative ability due to radiation may be the primary factors causing intestinal injury following radiation. Here, we report the critical role of β-arrestin1 (βarr1) in radiation-induced intestinal injury. Intestinal βarr1 was highly expressed in radiation enteritis and in a radiation model. βarr1 knockout (KO) or knockdown mice exhibited increased proliferation in intestinal Lgr5+ stem cell, crypt reproduction, and survival following radiation. Unexpectedly, the beneficial effects of βarr1 deficiency on intestinal stem cells in response to radiation were compromised when the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) pathway was inhibited, and this result was further supported in vitro. Furthermore, we found that βarr1 knockdown with small interfering RNA significantly enhanced intestinal Lgr5+ stem cell proliferation after radiation via directly targeting PERK. βarr1 offers a promising target for mitigating radiation-induced intestinal injury.-Liu, Z., Jiang, J., He, Q., Liu, Z., Yang, Z., Xu, J., Huang, Z., Wu, B. β-Arrestin1-mediated decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation following radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Ward, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Hu D, Yang P, Gur M, Bahar I, Cristofanilli M, Gradishar WJ, Xie XQ, Wan Y. A novel small-molecule antagonizes PRMT5-mediated KLF4 methylation for targeted therapy. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:98-111. [PMID: 31101597 PMCID: PMC6604046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a poor prognosis and are not amenable to endocrine- or HER2-targeted therapies. The malignant and invasive feature of TNBCs is correlated with its high cancer stem cell population. Recent results from us and others have unveiled an oncogenic role for the PRMT5-KLF4 axis in regulating tumor progression by orchestrating the stemness in mammary tumor cell as well as genome stability. Methylation of KLF4 by PRMT5 leads to KLF4 stabilization, resulting in promoting mitogenesis. Methods We have developed a small molecule inhibitor, WX2–43, that specifically intercepts the interaction between PRMT5 and KLF4, thereby enhancing KLF4 degradation. Findings Results from our characterization demonstrate that WX2–43 binds to the region between amino acids L400-M500 on PRMT5. Degradation of KLF4 down-regulates KLF4-mediated genes transcription. We have characterized the potent effect for WX2–43 in inhibiting PRMT5-KLF4 binding that, in turns, suppresses tumor progression and induces tumor cell death in both TNBC cultured-cell and animal models. Interpretation WX2–43-mediated inhibition of KLF4 methylation by PRMT5 could be a potential strategy for anti-TNBC treatment. Fund This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health grants CA202963 and CA202948 (Wan), R21HL109654 (Xie), P30DA035778 (Xie and Bahar) and P41GM103712 (Bahar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Dong Hu
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mert Gur
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - William J Gradishar
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
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15
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Wu D, Han R, Deng S, Liu T, Zhang T, Xie H, Xu Y. Protective Effects of Flagellin A N/C Against Radiation-Induced NLR Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Intestinal Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Kim CK, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Intestinal Stem Cells in Epithelial Regeneration Following Radiation-Induced Gut Injury. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:320-332. [PMID: 29497599 PMCID: PMC5818549 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Intestinal epithelial cells show remarkable plasticity in regenerating the epithelium following radiation injury. In this review, we explore the regenerative capacity and mechanisms of various populations of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in response to ionizing radiation. Recent Findings Ionizing radiation targets mitotic cells that include “active” ISCs and progenitor cells. Lineage-tracing experiments showed that several different cell types identified by a single or combination of markers are capable of regenerating the epithelium, confirming that ISCs exhibit a high degree of plasticity. However, the identities of the contributing cells marked by various markers require further validation. Summary Following radiation injury, quiescent and/or radioresistant cells become active stem cells to regenerate the epithelium. Looking forward, understanding the mechanisms by which ISCs govern tissue regeneration is crucial to determine therapeutic approaches to promote intestinal epithelial regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- 1Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-17, Rm. 090, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- 1Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-17, Rm. 090, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.,2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- 1Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-17, Rm. 090, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
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17
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Liu HX, Li N, Wei L, Zhou FX, Ma R, Xiao F, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Hui YP, Song H, Chen BL. High expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 as a predictor of poor prognosis for cervical cancer patient response to radiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639905 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317710225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fu-Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People’s Liberation Army 323 Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan-ping Hui
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bi-Liang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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19
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Natarajan SK, Stringham BA, Mohr AM, Wehrkamp CJ, Lu S, Phillippi MA, Harrison-Findik D, Mott JL. FoxO3 increases miR-34a to cause palmitate-induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:866-875. [PMID: 28250026 PMCID: PMC5408604 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients have elevated plasma saturated free fatty acid levels. These toxic fatty acids can induce liver cell death and our recent results demonstrated that the biliary epithelium may be susceptible to lipotoxicity. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms of cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis in cell culture and in an animal model of NASH. Treatment of cholangiocytes with palmitate (PA) showed increased caspase 3/7 activity and increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase 3, demonstrating cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis. Interestingly, treatment with PA significantly increased the levels of microRNA miR-34a, a pro-apoptotic microRNA known to be elevated in NASH. PA induction of miR-34a was abolished in cholangiocytes transduced with forkhead family of transcription factor class O (FoxO)3 shRNA, demonstrating that FoxO3 activation is upstream of miR-34a and suggesting that FoxO3 is a novel transcriptional regulator of miR-34a. Further, anti-miR-34a protected cholangiocytes from PA-induced lipoapoptosis. Direct and indirect targets of miR-34a, such as SIRT1, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), Kruppel-like factor 4, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1, and FGFR4, were all decreased in PA-treated cholangiocytes. SIRT1 and MET were partially rescued by a miR-34a antagonist. Cholangiocyte apoptosis and miR-34a were dramatically increased in the liver of mice with early histologic features of NASH. Our study provides evidence for the pro-apoptotic role of miR-34a in PA-induced cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis in culture and in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Bailey A Stringham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Ashley M Mohr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Cody J Wehrkamp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Mary Anne Phillippi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Dee Harrison-Findik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Justin L Mott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
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20
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Ghaleb AM, Yang VW. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4): What we currently know. Gene 2017; 611:27-37. [PMID: 28237823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Since its discovery in 1996, KLF4 has been gaining a lot of attention, particularly after it was shown in 2006 as one of four factors involved in the induction of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we review the current knowledge about the different functions and roles of KLF4 in various tissue and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Ghaleb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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21
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22
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Kim CK, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Intestinal stem cell resurgence by enterocyte precursors. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:49. [PMID: 27777938 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA;; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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23
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Hendry JH, Otsuka K. The role of gene mutations and gene products in intestinal tissue reactions from ionising radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:328-339. [PMID: 27919339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The response of the intestine to (low linear-energy-transfer) ionising radiation is reviewed regarding the cellular basis to the reactions, the regenerative processes which restore the tissue, and external agents which aid its recovery. In the steady-state, it is generally considered that the crypt cell lineages in both small and large intestine are maintained by a small number of stem cells, but there are differences for example in the composition of their niche residence and in the numbers of transit cell generations. Various cell surface markers are now available to indentify particular lineage cell types. Radiation doses up to 1Gy cause apoptotic stem-cell death in particular locations, at higher doses to >6Gy Lgr5+ stem cells are required for normal intestinal recovery, and at >8Gy some crypts are sterilised and the probability of animal death from intestinal injury increases with higher doses. Mutations in repair genes, tumour suppressor genes, and survival genes cause various degrees of stem cell and clonogenic cell radiosensitisation. Recent evidence is suggesting much plasticity in the crypt cell lineage, potentially contributing to flexibility in the hierarchical lineage, clonogen number variations and the sensitisation differences. Knockout mice for many different genes have been used to detect their role in both steady state and in irradiated conditions, expected to lead to further insight to the damage and restorative processes. Many different external agents have been used to ameliorate intestinal reactions, including prostaglandins, interleukins, angiogenic and epithelial growth factors, other cytokines, and intraluminal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyon H Hendry
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Kensuke Otsuka
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Kuruvilla JG, Kim CK, Ghaleb AM, Bialkowska AB, Kuo CJ, Yang VW. Krüppel-like Factor 4 Modulates Development of BMI1(+) Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Lineage Following γ-Radiation-Induced Gut Injury in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:815-824. [PMID: 27237377 PMCID: PMC4911500 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to ionizing radiation-induced injury, the normally quiescent intestinal stem cells marked by BMI1 participate in the regenerative response. Previously, we established a protective role for Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the intestinal epithelium where it reduces senescence, apoptosis, and crypt atrophy following γ-radiation-induced gut injury. We also described a pro-proliferative function for KLF4 during the regenerative phase post irradiation. In the current study, using a mouse model in which Klf4 is deleted from quiescent BMI1+ intestinal stem cells, we observed increased proliferation from the BMI1+ lineage during homeostasis. In contrast, following irradiation, Bmi1-specific Klf4 deletion leads to decreased expansion of the BMI1+ lineage due to a combination of reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. Our results support a critical role for KLF4 in modulating BMI1+ intestinal stem cell fate in both homeostasis and the regenerative response to radiation injury. KLF4 is expressed in a subpopulation of quiescent BMI1+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) KLF4 restricts BMI1+ ISC proliferation at homeostasis KLF4 promotes expansion of the BMI1+ lineage during radiation-induced regeneration KLF4 exerts context-dependent activity in modulating BMI1+ ISC fate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes G Kuruvilla
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Amr M Ghaleb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Stony Brook University Medical Center, HSC T-16, Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8160, USA.
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Farrugia MK, Vanderbilt DB, Salkeni MA, Ruppert JM. Kruppel-like Pluripotency Factors as Modulators of Cancer Cell Therapeutic Responses. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1677-82. [PMID: 26964625 PMCID: PMC4873413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells inherit from their normal precursors an extensive stress response machinery that is critical for survival in response to challenges including oxidative stress, wounding, and shear stress. Kruppel-like transcription factors, including KLF4 and KLF5, are rarely affected by genetic alteration during tumorigenesis, but compose key components of the stress response machinery in normal and tumor cells and interact with critical survival pathways, including RAS, p53, survivin, and the BCL2 family of cell death regulators. Within tumor cells, KLF4 and KLF5 play key roles in tumor cell fate, regulating cell proliferation, cell survival, and the tumor-initiating properties of cancer stem-like cells. These factors can be preferentially expressed in embryonic stem cells or cancer stem-like cells. Indeed, specific KLFs represent key components of a cross-regulating pluripotency network in embryonic stem cells and induce pluripotency when coexpressed in adult cells with other Yamanaka factors. Suggesting analogies between this pluripotency network and the cancer cell adaptive reprogramming that occurs in response to targeted therapy, recent studies link KLF4 and KLF5 to adaptive prosurvival signaling responses induced by HER2-targeted therapy. We review literature supporting KLFs as shared mechanisms in stress adaptation and cellular reprogramming and address the therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1677-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Farrugia
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Daniel B Vanderbilt
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mohamad A Salkeni
- The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Michael Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Wei D, Wang L, Yan Y, Jia Z, Gagea M, Li Z, Zuo X, Kong X, Huang S, Xie K. KLF4 Is Essential for Induction of Cellular Identity Change and Acinar-to-Ductal Reprogramming during Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:324-338. [PMID: 26977883 PMCID: PMC4794756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation has significant impact on early cancer detection and intervention. To define the role of KLF4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiation, we used molecular biological analyses and mouse models of klf4 gain- and loss-of-function and mutant Kras. KLF4 is upregulated in and required for acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Klf4 ablation drastically attenuates the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia induced by mutant Kras(G12D), whereas upregulation of KLF4 does the opposite. Mutant KRAS and cellular injuries induce KLF4 expression, and ectopic expression of KLF4 in acinar cells reduces acinar lineage- and induces ductal lineage-related marker expression. These results demonstrate that KLF4 induces ductal identity in PanIN initiation and may be a potential target for prevention of PDA initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Unit 1644, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Novel regenerative peptide TP508 mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage by activating stem cells and preserving crypt integrity. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1222-33. [PMID: 26280221 PMCID: PMC4626368 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing threats of radiation exposure and nuclear disasters have become a significant concern for the United States and countries worldwide. Exposure to high doses of radiation triggers a number of potentially lethal effects. Among the most severe is the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity syndrome caused by the destruction of the intestinal barrier, resulting in bacterial translocation, systemic bacteremia, sepsis, and death. The lack of effective radioprotective agents capable of mitigating radiation-induced damage has prompted a search for novel countermeasures that can mitigate the effects of radiation post exposure, accelerate tissue repair in radiation-exposed individuals, and prevent mortality. We report that a single injection of regenerative peptide TP508 (rusalatide acetate, Chrysalin) 24 h after lethal radiation exposure (9 Gy, LD100/15) appears to significantly increase survival and delay mortality by mitigating radiation-induced intestinal and colonic toxicity. TP508 treatment post exposure prevents the disintegration of GI crypts, stimulates the expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin, activates crypt cell proliferation, and decreases apoptosis. TP508 post-exposure treatment also upregulates the expression of DCLK1 and LGR5 markers of stem cells that have been shown to be responsible for maintaining and regenerating intestinal crypts. Thus, TP508 appears to mitigate the effects of GI toxicity by activating radioresistant stem cells and increasing the stemness potential of crypts to maintain and restore intestinal integrity. These results suggest that TP508 may be an effective emergency nuclear countermeasure that could be delivered within 24 h post exposure to increase survival and delay mortality, giving victims time to reach clinical sites for advanced medical treatment.
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Farrugia MK, Sharma SB, Lin CC, McLaughlin SL, Vanderbilt DB, Ammer AG, Salkeni MA, Stoilov P, Agazie YM, Creighton CJ, Ruppert JM. Regulation of anti-apoptotic signaling by Kruppel-like factors 4 and 5 mediates lapatinib resistance in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1699. [PMID: 25789974 PMCID: PMC4385942 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) 4 and 5 (KLF4/5) are coexpressed in mouse embryonic stem cells, where they function redundantly to maintain pluripotency. In mammary carcinoma, KLF4/5 can each impact the malignant phenotype, but potential linkages to drug resistance remain unclear. In primary human breast cancers, we observed a positive correlation between KLF4/5 transcript abundance, particularly in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched subtype. Furthermore, KLF4/5 protein was rapidly upregulated in human breast cancer cells following treatment with the HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, lapatinib. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between these factors in the primary tumors of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). In particular, the levels of both factors were enriched in the basal-like tumors of the C3(1) TAg (SV40 large T antigen transgenic mice under control of the C3(1)/prostatein promoter) GEMM. Using tumor cells derived from this model as well as human breast cancer cells, suppression of KLF4 and/or KLF5 sensitized HER2-overexpressing cells to lapatinib. Indicating cooperativity, greater effects were observed when both genes were depleted. KLF4/5-deficient cells had reduced basal mRNA and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic factors myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL). Moreover, MCL1 was upregulated by lapatinib in a KLF4/5-dependent manner, and enforced expression of MCL1 in KLF4/5-deficient cells restored drug resistance. In addition, combined suppression of KLF4/5 in cultured tumor cells additively inhibited anchorage-independent growth, resistance to anoikis and tumor formation in immunocompromised mice. Consistent with their cooperative role in drug resistance and other malignant properties, KLF4/5 levels selectively stratified human HER2-enriched breast cancer by distant metastasis-free survival. These results identify KLF4 and KLF5 as cooperating protumorigenic factors and critical participants in resistance to lapatinib, furthering the rationale for combining anti-MCL1/BCL-XL inhibitors with conventional HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Farrugia
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - S B Sharma
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - C-C Lin
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - S L McLaughlin
- The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - D B Vanderbilt
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - A G Ammer
- The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - M A Salkeni
- 1] The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - P Stoilov
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [3] The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Y M Agazie
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [3] The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - C J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J M Ruppert
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [2] Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA [3] The Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Kuruvilla JG, Ghaleb AM, Bialkowska AB, Nandan MO, Yang VW. Role of Krüppel-like factor 5 in the maintenance of the stem cell niche in the intestinal crypt. STEM CELL AND TRANSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION 2015; 2:e839. [PMID: 26097895 PMCID: PMC4474380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a tissue that undergoes continuous self-renewal initiated at the bottom of the crypts, which harbor the intestinal stem cell (ISC) pool. The ISC pool is sub-divided into crypt base columnar (CBC) cells at the crypt bottom and label retention cells (LRC) at position +4 from the crypt bottom. CBC cells are marked by Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor (Lgr5) while LRC cells are identified by several markers including Bmi1, mTert, Hopx, Lrig1, and Sox9. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to a family of transcription factors that exert important physiological function in various tissues. In the intestine, KLF4 is predominantly expressed in the terminally differentiated, non-proliferating cells lining the villus. Its deletion in the adult mouse intestine results in perturbed homeostasis. In contrast, KLF5 is expressed in actively proliferating cells of the intestinal crypt, including CBC cells and transit amplifying (TA) cells. We recently investigated the effect of Klf5 deletion specifically from the Lgr5-expressing CBC cells in adult mouse intestine using an inducible Cre recombinase system. Shortly (3-5 days) after Cre induction, proliferation of both CBC and TA cells ceased, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis in the crypt. Beginning at two weeks following Cre induction, both Klf5 expression and proliferation re-appeared but without the re-emergence of Lgr5-positive CBC cells, which were eventually depleted by four months following induction. These findings indicate that KLF5 plays an important role in regulating proliferation and survival of CBC stem cells in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes G. Kuruvilla
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Amr M. Ghaleb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Mandayam O. Nandan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC-T16 Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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