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Serrano-Morillas N, González-Alayón C, Vastola-Mascolo A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez AE, Hernández G, Porrini E, Hernández-Guerra M, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G306-G317. [PMID: 37461846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00073.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is associated to circulatory abnormalities leading to hypovolemia and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Advanced stages of the disease cause renal failure, impairing K+ and Na+ homeostasis. It has been proposed that the distal colon undergoes functional remodeling during renal failure, in particular by aldosterone-driven increased K+ excretion. In this study, we compared the transcriptional response of aldosterone target genes in the rat distal colon under two models of increased circulating aldosterone (one with concomitant RAAS activation) and in a model of secondary hyperaldosteronism induced by cirrhosis. The expression of a subset of these genes was also tested in distal colon biopsies from control subjects or patients with cirrhosis with varying levels of disease progression and treated or not with mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor spironolactone. We examined known aldosterone-regulated transcripts involved in corticosteroid signaling and transepithelial ion transport. In addition, we included aldosterone-regulated genes related to cell proliferation. Our comparison revealed multiple aldosterone target genes upregulated in the rat distal colon during decompensated cirrhosis. Epithelial Na+ channel β and γ subunit expression correlated positively with plasma aldosterone concentration and negatively with glomerular filtration rate. Patients with cirrhosis showed increased expression of 11-β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 2 (11βHSD2), which was reverted by spironolactone treatment, suggesting a sensitization of the distal colon to aldosterone action. In summary, our data show that decaying kidney function during cirrhosis progression toward a decompensated state with hypovolemia correlates with remodeling of distal colon ion transporter expression, supporting a role for aldosterone in the process.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Liver cirrhosis progression significantly alters ion transporter subunit expression in the rat distal colon, a change that correlated well with declining kidney function and the severity of the disease. Our data suggest that the steroid hormone aldosterone participates in this homeostatic response to maintain electrolyte balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serrano-Morillas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Arianna Vastola-Mascolo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Guadalberto Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Guerra
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Pérez-Gordillo FL, Serrano-Morillas N, Acosta-García LM, Aranda MT, Passeri D, Pellicciari R, Pérez de Vega MJ, González-Muñiz R, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Martín-Martínez M. Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives as Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032439. [PMID: 36768761 PMCID: PMC9917360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the steroid receptor subfamily of nuclear receptors. MR is a transcription factor key in regulating blood pressure and mineral homeostasis. In addition, it plays an important role in a broad range of biological and pathological conditions, greatly expanding its interest as a pharmacological target. Non-steroidal MR antagonists (MRAs) are of particular interest to avoid side effects and achieve tissue-specific modulation of the receptor. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) ring has been identified as an appropriate scaffold to develop non-steroidal MRAs. We report the identification of a novel series of 1,4-DHP that has been guided by structure-based drug design, focusing on the less explored DHP position 2. Interestingly, substituents at this position might interfere with MR helix H12 disposition, which is essential for the recruitment of co-regulators. Several of the newly synthesized 1,4-DHPs show interesting properties as MRAs and have a good selectivity profile. These 1,4-DHPs promote MR nuclear translocation with less efficiency than the natural agonist aldosterone, which explains, at least in part, its antagonist character. Molecular dynamic studies are suggestive of several derivatives interfering with the disposition of H12 in the agonist-associated conformation, and thus, they might stabilize an MR conformation unable to recruit co-activators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Serrano-Morillas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Luz Marina Acosta-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Teresa Aranda
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.A.d.l.R.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Mercedes Martín-Martínez
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.A.d.l.R.); (M.M.-M.)
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Abstract
The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (αβγ, or sometimes δβγENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It regulates fluid reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidney to control blood volume and pressure, fluid absorption in the lung to control alveolar fluid clearance at birth and maintenance of normal airway surface liquid throughout life, and fluid absorption in the distal colon and other epithelial tissues. Moreover, recent studies have also revealed a role for sodium movement via ENaC in nonepithelial cells/tissues, such as endothelial cells in blood vessels and neurons. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease. These include the recently solved three-dimensional structure of ENaC, ENaC function in various tissues, and mutations in ENaC that cause a hereditary form of hypertension (Liddle syndrome), salt-wasting hypotension (PHA1), or polymorphism in ENaC that contributes to other diseases (such as cystic fibrosis). Moreover, great strides have been made in deciphering the regulation of ENaC by hormones (e.g., the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin), ions (e.g., Na+ ), proteins (e.g., the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, the kinases SGK1, AKT, AMPK, WNKs & mTORC2, and proteases), and posttranslational modifications [e.g., (de)ubiquitylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation]. Characterization of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease, including using animal models, are described in this article, with a special emphasis on recent advances in the field. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-29, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rotin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Park J, Choe CH, Kim J, Yang JS, Kim JH, Jang H, Jang YS. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2B1 Exerts a Regulatory Role in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated 38B9 B Cell Activation. Immune Netw 2018; 17:437-450. [PMID: 29302256 PMCID: PMC5746613 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.6.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, which are recognized for their primary function of presenting an antigen to the T cell receptor, are involved in various signaling pathways in B cell activation. We identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2B1 as an MHC class II molecule-associated protein involved in MHC class II-mediated signal transduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated 38B9 B cells. Although the function of hnRNP A2B1 in the nucleus is primarily known, the level of hnRNP A2B1 in the cytoplasm was increased in LPS-stimulated 38B9 cells, while it was not detected in the cytoplasm of non-treated 38B9 cells. The silencing of hnRNP A2B1 expression using siRNA disturbed B cell maturation by regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, NF-κB activation, and protein kinase B activation. These results suggest that hnRNP A2B1 is associated with MHC class II molecules and is involved in B cell activation signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated 38B9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisang Park
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | | | - Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jing Shian Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyonseok Jang
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Abstract
Objective: To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of epithelium sodium channels (ENaCs) induced bone formation and regulation. Data Sources: Studies written in English or Chinese were searched using Medline, PubMed and the index of Chinese-language literature with time restriction from 2005 to 2014. Keywords included ENaC, bone, bone formation, osteonecrosis, estrogen, and osteoporosis. Data from published articles about the structure of ENaC, mechanism of ENaC in bone formation in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected. Study Selection: Abstract and full text of all studies were required to obtain. Studies those were not accessible and those did not focus on the keywords were excluded. Results: ENaCs are tripolymer ion channels which are assembled from homologous α, β, and γ subunits. Crystal structure of ENaCs suggests that ENaC has a central ion-channel located in the central symmetry axis of the three subunits. ENaCs are protease sensitive channels whose iron-channel activity is regulated by the proteolytic reaction. Channel opening probability of ENaCs is regulated by proteinases, mechanical force, and shear stress. Several molecules are involved in regulation of ENaCs in bone formation, including nitride oxide synthases, voltage-sensitive calcium channels, and cyclooxygenase-2. Conclusion: The pathway of ENaC involved in shear stress has an effect on stimulating osteoblasts even bone formation by estrogen interference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei-Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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Rossier BC. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the control of blood pressure. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 15:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miró L, Pérez-Bosque A, Maijó M, Amat C, Naftalin RJ, Moretó M. Aldosterone induces myofibroblast EGF secretion to regulate epithelial colonic permeability. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C918-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00292.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vivo studies show that raised aldosterone (Aldo) during low-Na adaptation regulates the growth of pericryptal myofibroblasts and reduces the permeability of the colonic epithelium. The aim of this study was to reproduce in vitro the in vivo condition of increased Aldo using human CCD-18Co myofibroblasts and T84 colonic epithelial cells to measure myofibroblast and epithelial proliferation and the expression of intercellular junction proteins. Proliferation was quantified by measuring 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation. The myofibroblast expression of EGF, VEGFa, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was measured by real-time PCR and the expression of junctional complex proteins by Western blot. Aldo stimulated the proliferation of myofibroblasts by 70% ( P < 0.05) and increased EGF mRNA expression by 30% ( P < 0.05) without affecting VEGFa and TGF-β1. EGF concentration in the incubation medium increased by 30% ( P < 0.05) 24 h after Aldo addition, and these effects were prevented by the addition of spironolactone. Myofibroblast proliferation in response to Aldo was mediated by EGF receptor (EGFR) and involved both MAPKK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. When T84 cells were incubated with medium from myofibroblasts stimulated with Aldo (conditioned medium), the expression of β-catenin and claudin IV was increased by 30% ( P < 0.05) and proliferation by 40% ( P < 0.05). T84 proliferation decreased when α-EGF, or the EGFR antagonist AG1478, was present. Results in vivo indicate that rats fed a low-salt diet showed an increased expression of EGF and EGFR in the colonic mucosa. These results support the view that changes in colonic permeability during low-Na adaptation are mediated by the EGF secreted by myofibroblasts in response to raised Aldo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluïsa Miró
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Anna Pérez-Bosque
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Mònica Maijó
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Concepció Amat
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Richard J. Naftalin
- Physiology Department, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel Moretó
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
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