1
|
Helicobacter spp. in the Stomach of Cats: Successful Colonization and Absence of Relevant Histopathological Alterations Reveals High Adaptation to the Host Gastric Niche. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050228. [PMID: 35622756 PMCID: PMC9148067 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to Helicobacter pylori, many non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are able to cause gastric disease in humans. Cats are a natural reservoir for many of these species. Accordingly, living in close and intimate contact with animals has been identified as a risk factor, and an important zoonotic significance has therefore been attributed to NHPH. To determine the prevalence and associated gastric histopathological changes of Helicobacter species, the gastric mucosa of 71 cats were evaluated. Only four presented normal histopathological mucosa with the absence of spiral-shaped organisms. Normal gastric mucosa and the presence of spiral-shaped bacteria were observed in 13 cats. The remaining animals presented histopathological changes representative of gastritis. Helicobacter species were detected in 53 cats (74.6%) by at least one detection method. None of the animals were positive for H. pylori or for H. ailurogastricus. Helicobacter heilmannii organisms were identified in 20 animals, predominantly in the body gastric region. Helicobacter salomonis was the second most prevalent species (57.1%), although it was mainly found in association with other NHPH. Helicobacter felis and H. bizzozeronii were less frequently detected. The great majority of the Helicobacter spp. PCR-positive animals presented normal features regarding fibrosis/mucosal atrophy, neutrophils, eosinophils, or other inflammatory cells and lymphofollicular hyperplasia. Given the controversy and the strong evidence of absence of significant histopathological alterations associated with the presence of Helicobacter spp. in cats, it is possible to hypothesize that these bacteria may be able to adapt to the feline gastric microenvironment or even to comprise part of the gastric microbiome of this animal species. Thus, prudency must be taken when prescribing an antibiotic therapy based solely on the presence of these bacteria in the feline stomach.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the primary etiologic factor that induces events in the immune system that lead to peptic ulcers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immune system, as they play pivotal roles in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition of HP as well host-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent advancements such as COX-2 production, LPS recognition through TLR2, CagL, and CagY protein of HP activating TLR5, TLR9 activation via type IV secretion system (T4SS) using DNA transfer, TLR polymorphisms, their adaptor molecules, cytokines, and other factors play a significant role in PUD. Thus, some novel PUD treatments including Chuyou Yuyang granules, function by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppression and TNF-α and IL-18 inhibition also rely on TLR signaling. Similarly glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) treatment activates TLR-4 in Ana-1 cells not via TRIF, but via MYD88 expression, which is significantly upregulated to cure PUD. Therefore, understanding TLR signaling complexity and its resultant immune modulation after host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to drug and vaccine development for other diseases as well including cancer and recent pandemic COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the TLRs and HP interaction; its pathophysiology-related signaling pathways, polymorphisms, and pharmaceutical approaches toward PUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Narayan Nepal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Rong Y, Wang M, Guo Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Chen X, Wang H, Ding J, Yan L, Peng J. Analysis of gastroscopy results among healthy people undergoing a medical checkup: a retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:412. [PMID: 33297981 PMCID: PMC7724807 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings with sex, age, and Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic healthy people is unclear. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the associations of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in asymptomatic healthy people with sex, age, and H. pylori infection.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 2923 patients from a health examination center in Xiangya Hospital between September 2015 and September 2019. Data on sex, age, H. pylori infection, and gastroscopy results were collected.
Results Among 2923 asymptomatic patients who underwent gastroscopy, 2911 (99.59%) had abnormal results. The top three results were chronic gastritis (95.11%), peptic ulcer (17.45%), and duodenitis (9.17%). Inflammation of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis was more severe in the H. pylori-positive group. The incidence of peptic ulcer decreased with increasing age and was higher in men, patients aged < 30 years, and H. pylori-positive patients. The incidence of polyps was higher in women (9.54%) than in men (5.94%), and the incidence in individuals aged ≥60 years (11.63%) was higher than that in those aged < 60 years (6.83%). The pathological results of gastric polyps depended on the location of the lesion. Conclusion The incidence of abnormal upper gastrointestinal endoscopic results is high in asymptomatic healthy people undergoing a check-up and is associated with sex, age, and H. pylori infection. Gastroscopy should be considered part of a routine health check.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haosu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanting Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanghua Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenpu Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walduck AK, Raghavan S. Immunity and Vaccine Development Against Helicobacter pylori. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:257-275. [PMID: 31016627 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a highly-adapted gastrointestinal pathogen of humans and the immunology of this chronic infection is extremely complex. Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy, the global incidence of H. pylori infection remains high, particularly in low to middle-income nations. Failure of therapy and the spread of antibiotic resistance among the bacteria are significant problems and provide impetus for the development of new therapies and vaccines to treat or prevent gastric ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. The expansion of knowledge on gastric conventional and regulatory T cell responses, and the role of TH17 in chronic gastritis from studies in mouse models and patients have provided valuable insights into how gastritis is initiated and maintained. The development of human challenge models for testing candidate vaccines has meant a unique opportunity to study acute infection, but the field of vaccine development has not progressed as rapidly as anticipated. One clear lesson learned from previous studies is that we need a better understanding of the immune suppressive mechanisms in vivo to be able to design vaccine strategies. There is still an urgent need to identify practical surrogate markers of protection that could be deployed in future field vaccine trials. Important developments in our understanding of the chronic inflammatory response, progress and problems arising from human studies, and an outlook for the future of clinical vaccine trials will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gur C, Maalouf N, Gerhard M, Singer BB, Emgård J, Temper V, Neuman T, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. The Helicobacter pylori HopQ outermembrane protein inhibits immune cell activities. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1553487. [PMID: 30906650 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1553487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the colorectal cancer colonizing bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum protects tumors from immune cell attack via binding of the fusbacterial Fap2 outer-membrane protein to TIGIT, a checkpoint inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells and NK cells. Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent for peptic ulcer disease, is associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. The HopQ outer-membrane adhesin of H. pylori was recently shown to bind carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) including CEACAM1, an inhibitory receptor expressed mainly by activated T and NK cells. Here we investigated the possibility that similar to Fap2, HopQ can also inhibit immune cell activities by interacting with CEACAM1. We used several approaches to confirm that HopQ indeed interacts with CEACAM1, and show that CEACAM1-mediated activation by HopQ, may inhibit NK and T cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg center for immunology and cancer research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Immunology and Hygiene, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Emgård
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Violeta Temper
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzahi Neuman
- Pathology department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg center for immunology and cancer research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masuda S, Masuda H, Shimamura Y, Sugiyama C, Takabayashi F. Improvement Effects of Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) Leaves and Allyl Isothiocyanate on Stomach Lesions of Mongolian Gerbils Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer associated with stomach lesions has been reported. Improvement of the adverse effects induced by H. pylori is required for human health. It has been reported that wasabi ( Wasabia japonica Matsum) leaves have various effects on bacteria and mammals. In this study, the effect was examined of wasabi leaf extract and allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), which is a main functional component of wasabi, on stomach lesions in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori. After the gerbils infected with H. pylori were orally administrated with wasabi leaf extract and AIT for two weeks, colony forming units (CFU) of H. pylori, the degree of gastric mucosal erosion, and petechial hemorrhage in the stomachs of the gerbils were evaluated. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT exhibited a decreasing tendency of CFU in the stomachs. The degree of gastric mucosal erosion and petechial hemorrhage were significantly decreased by the intake of wasabi leaf extract and AIT. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT did not affect body weight, dietary intake, water intake, and the pH of the stomach. From these results, wasabi leaves and AIT may provide a natural remedy for stomach lesions induced by H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Masuda
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chitose Sugiyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hamamatsu University, Hamamatsu, 431-2102, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Takabayashi
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, 2-2-1, Ojika, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|