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Ribatti D. Microbiota and angiogenesis in the intestinal vasculature. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102466. [PMID: 38986346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is responsible for several metabolic functions, producing various metabolites with numerous roles for the host. The gut microbiota plays a key role in constructing the microvascular network in the intestinal villus, depending on the Paneth cells, strategically positioned to coordinate the development of both the microbiota and the microvasculature. The gut microbiota secretes several molecules and chemokines involved in the induction of the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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2
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Xu J, Chen C, Gan S, Liao Y, Fu R, Hou C, Yang S, Zheng Z, Chen W. The Potential Value of Probiotics after Dental Implant Placement. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1845. [PMID: 37513016 PMCID: PMC10383117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implantation is currently the optimal solution for tooth loss. However, the health and stability of dental implants have emerged as global public health concerns. Dental implant placement, healing of the surgical site, osseointegration, stability of bone tissues, and prevention of peri-implant diseases are challenges faced in achieving the long-term health and stability of implants. These have been ongoing concerns in the field of oral implantation. Probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms, play a significant role in the body by inhibiting pathogens, promoting bone tissue homeostasis, and facilitating tissue regeneration, modulating immune-inflammatory levels. This review explores the potential of probiotics in addressing post-implantation challenges. We summarize the existing research regarding the importance of probiotics in managing dental implant health and advocate for further research into their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yihan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Probiotics in Intestinal Mucosal Healing: A New Therapy or an Old Friend? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111181. [PMID: 34832962 PMCID: PMC8622522 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation, while their pathogenesis remains mostly unelucidated. Gut commensal microbiota seem to be one of the various implicated factors, as several studies have shown a significant decrease in the microbiome diversity of patients with IBD. Although the question of whether microbiota dysbiosis is a causal factor or the result of chronic inflammation remains unanswered, one fact is clear; active inflammation in IBD results in the disruption of the mucus layer structure, barrier function, and also, colonization sites. Recently, many studies on IBD have been focusing on the interplay between mucosal and luminal microbiota, underlining their possible beneficial effect on mucosal healing. Regarding this notion, it has now been shown that specific probiotic strains, when administrated, lead to significantly decreased inflammation, amelioration of colitis, and improved mucosal healing. Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host’s health when administered in adequate quantity. The aim of this review was to present and discuss the current findings on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in intestinal wound healing and the effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosal wound closure.
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Marion-Letellier R, Leboutte M, Amamou A, Raman M, Savoye G, Ghosh S. Diet in Intestinal Fibrosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093148. [PMID: 34579023 PMCID: PMC8470259 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn’s disease, is frequently complicated by intestinal fibrosis. Because of the lack of effective treatments for intestinal fibrosis, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies. Factors promoting intestinal fibrosis are currently unclear, but diet is a potential culprit. Diet may influence predisposition to develop intestinal fibrosis or alter its natural history by modification of both the host immune response and intestinal microbial composition. Few studies have documented the effects of dietary factors in modulating IBD-induced intestinal fibrosis. As the mechanisms behind fibrogenesis in the gut are believed to be broadly similar to those from extra-intestinal organs, it may be relevant to investigate which dietary components can inhibit or promote fibrosis factors such as myofibroblasts progenitor activation in other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marion-Letellier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Mathilde Leboutte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Asma Amamou
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (A.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.L.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (A.A.); (S.G.)
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Kusumaningsih T, Irmawati A, Ernawati DS, Prahasanti C, Aljunaid M, Amelia S. The differences in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels after the topical and systemic administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotics for the treatment of traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus). Vet World 2021; 14:1279-1283. [PMID: 34220131 PMCID: PMC8243686 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1279-1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The use of drugs as a therapy for traumatic ulcers may lead to drug resistance and other side effects. Lactobacillus casei Shirota can affect the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the number of fibroblast cells and blood vessels after the topical and systemic administration of L. casei Shirota probiotics in Wistar rats with traumatic ulcer. Materials and Methods Overall, 36 healthy male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months old and weighing 175-250 g in body weight were used as a sample. Traumatic ulcer was made on the labial fornix incisive inferior. The subject rats were divided into groups: (1) A control group over 3 days, (2) a group that used distilled water over 7 days, (3) a group that underwent topical treatment over 3 days, (4) a group that used probiotics administered topically over 7 days, (5) a group that underwent systemic treatment over 3 days, and (6) a group that took oral probiotics for the traumatic ulcers over 7 days. The number of fibroblasts and blood vessels was observed through a hematoxylin-eosin examination. Results Based on the results of the study, a significant difference was observed in the number of fibroblasts (p=0.00) and blood vessels (p=0.018) in the 3-day topical group that underwent a 3-day systemic administration of probiotics compared with the number of fibroblast cells in the 7-day topical group and 7-day systemic group (p=0.00). Conclusion Overall, significant differences were observed in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in Wistar rats with traumatic ulcer after undergoing the topical and systemic administration of L. casei Shirota probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuti Kusumaningsih
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anis Irmawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chiquita Prahasanti
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Aljunaid
- Postgraduate Program of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Amelia
- Undergraduate Program of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Her JY, Lee Y, Kim SJ, Heo G, Choo J, Kim Y, Howe C, Rhee SH, Yu HS, Chung HY, Pothoulakis C, Im E. Blockage of protease-activated receptor 2 exacerbates inflammation in high-fat environment partly through autophagy inhibition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G30-G42. [PMID: 33146548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, its precise role in colitis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of PAR2 in high-fat diet-fed mice with colitis and its potential role in autophagy. PAR2+/+ and PAR2-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 days before colitis induction with dextran sodium sulfate. Deletion of PAR2 and an HFD significantly exacerbated colitis, as shown by increased mortality, body weight loss, diarrhea or bloody stools, colon length shortening, and mucosal damage. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were elevated in HFD-fed PAR2-/- mice and in cells treated with the PAR2 antagonist GB83, palmitic acid (PA), and a cytokine cocktail (CC). Damaging effects of PAR2 blockage were associated with autophagy regulation by reducing the levels of YAP1, SIRT1, PGC-1α, Atg5, and LC3A/B-I/II. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated only in cells treated with GB83, PA, and CC. Reduced cell viability and greater induction of apoptosis, as shown by increased levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), were observed in cells treated with GB83, PA, and CC but not in those treated with only PA and CC. Collectively, protective effects of PAR2 were elucidated during inflammation accompanied by a high-fat environment by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis, suggesting PAR2 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease co-occurring with metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deletion of PAR2 with high-fat diet feeding exacerbates colitis in a murine colitis model. Proinflammatory effects of PAR2 blockage in a high-fat environment were associated with an altered balance between autophagy and apoptosis. Increased colonic levels of PAR2 represent as a therapeutic strategy for IBD co-occurring with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Her
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunna Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuju Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cody Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Sang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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miR-23a-3p is a Key Regulator of IL-17C-Induced Tumor Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061363. [PMID: 32492770 PMCID: PMC7348989 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in tumor angiogenesis. Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) was identified to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17C on tumor angiogenesis, the involvement of miR-23a-3p in IL-17C signaling, and the direct target gene of miR-23a-3p in CRC. In vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis, a mouse xenograft experiment, and immunostaining were performed to test the effect of IL-17C on tumor angiogenesis. ELISA, quantitative real time PCR, and gene silencing were used to uncover the underlying mechanism. IL-17C induced angiogenesis of intestinal endothelial cells, subsequently enhancing cell invasion and migration of DLD-1 cells. IL-17C-stimulated DLD-1 cells produced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance angiogenesis. Moreover, IL-17C markedly accelerated xenograft tumor growth, which was manifested by substantially reduced tumor growth when treated with the VEGF receptor 2 inhibitor Ki8751. Accordingly, Ki8751 suppressed the expression of IL-17C-stimulated PECAM and VE-cadherin in xenografts. Furthermore, IL-17C activated STAT3 to increase the expression of miR-23a-3p that suppressed semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D) expression, thereby permitting VEGF production. Taken together, our study demonstrates that IL-17C promotes tumor angiogenesis through VEGF production via a STAT3/miR-23a-3p/SEMA6D axis, suggesting its potential as a novel target for anti-CRC therapy.
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Xu BF, Wang QQ, Zhang JP, Hu WL, Zhang RL. Treponema pallidum induces the activation of endothelial cells via macrophage-derived exosomes. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:121-130. [PMID: 30712088 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-01888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exosomes play a role in pathogenesis and in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and tumours. We explored the effects of Treponema pallidum-induced macrophage-derived exosomes on vascular endothelial cells to determine whether they are involved in the pathogenesis of syphilis. A syphilis infection model was established using rabbits to harvest T. pallidum at the peak of proliferation. Exosomes derived from macrophages were extracted using commercial kits and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, western blot assays, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Secreted cytokine levels and the adhesion and permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in a co-culture model using the extracted exosomes. The results of this study revealed that exosomes derived from T. pallidum-infected macrophages enhanced cell adhesion and permeability. The levels of the secreted cytokines, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VEGF, and IL-8 were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Our findings suggest that exosomes derived from T. pallidum-infected macrophages affect the cell adhesion and permeability of vascular endothelial cells. These changes may play important roles in syphilis pathogenesis. This study is the first to reveal the effects of exosomes derived from T. pallidum-infected macrophages on the adhesion, permeability, and secreted cytokines of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Fang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Peking University First Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qian-Qiu Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Skin Hospital, China Center for Diseases control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and National Center for STD Control, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Skin Hospital, China Center for Diseases control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and National Center for STD Control, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Institute of Dermatology and Skin Hospital, China Center for Diseases control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and National Center for STD Control, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Rui-Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
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Singh AK, Hertzberger RY, Knaus UG. Hydrogen peroxide production by lactobacilli promotes epithelial restitution during colitis. Redox Biol 2018; 16:11-20. [PMID: 29471162 PMCID: PMC5835490 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by cycles of acute flares, recovery and remission phases. Treatments for accelerating tissue restitution and prolonging remission are scarce, but altering the microbiota composition to promote intestinal homeostasis is considered a safe, economic and promising approach. Although probiotic bacteria have not yet fulfilled fully their promise in clinical trials, understanding the mechanism of how they exert beneficial effects will permit devising improved therapeutic strategies. Here we probe if one of the defining features of lactobacilli, the ability to generate nanomolar H2O2, contributes to their beneficial role in colitis. H2O2 generation by wild type L. johnsonii was modified by either deleting or overexpressing the enzymatic H2O2 source(s) followed by orally administering the bacteria before and during DSS colitis. Boosting luminal H2O2 concentrations within a physiological range accelerated recovery from colitis, while significantly exceeding this H2O2 level triggered bacteraemia. This study supports a role for increasing H2O2 within the physiological range at the epithelial barrier, independently of the enzymatic source and/or delivery mechanism, for inducing recovery and remission in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Singh
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosanne Y Hertzberger
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Hoffman JM, Sideri A, Ruiz JJ, Stavrakis D, Shih DQ, Turner JR, Pothoulakis C, Karagiannides I. Mesenteric Adipose-derived Stromal Cells From Crohn's Disease Patients Induce Protective Effects in Colonic Epithelial Cells and Mice With Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:1-16. [PMID: 29928668 PMCID: PMC6008259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue hyperplasia is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD). Recently, we showed that mesenteric adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) from CD, ulcerative colitis, and control patients synthesize and release adipokines in a disease-dependent manner. Here we examined the expression profiles of CD and control patient-derived mesenteric ADSCs and studied the effects of their extracellular mediators on colonocyte signaling in vitro and experimental colitis in vivo. ADSCs were isolated from mesenteric fat of control and CD patients. Microarray profiling and network analysis were performed in ADSCs and human colonocytes treated with conditioned media from cultured ADSCs. Mice with acute colitis received daily injections of conditioned media from patient-derived ADSCs, vehicle, or apolactoferrin. Proliferative responses were evaluated in conditioned media-treated colonocytes and mouse colonic epithelium. Total protein was isolated from cultured colonocytes after treatment with apolactoferrin for Western blot analysis of phosphorylated intracellular signaling kinases. Microarray profiling revealed differential mRNA expression in CD patient-derived ADSCs compared with controls, including lactoferrin. Administration of CD patient-derived medium or apolactoferrin increased colonocyte proliferation compared with controls. Conditioned media from CD patient-derived ADSCs or apolactoferrin attenuated colitis severity in mice and enhanced colonocyte proliferation in vivo. ADSCs from control and CD patients show disease-dependent inflammatory responses and alter colonic epithelial cell signaling in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate lactoferrin production by adipose tissue, specifically mesenteric ADSCs. We suggest that mesenteric ADSC-derived lactoferrin may mediate protective effects and participate in the pathophysiology of CD by promoting colonocyte proliferation and the resolution of inflammation.
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Key Words
- ADSC, adipose-derived stromal cell
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IBS, irritable bowel syndrome
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Intestinal Epithelium
- Mesenteric Adipose Tissue
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Preadipocytes
- RT, reverse-transcriptase
- TNBS, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- i.c., intracolonic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Hoffman
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Jill Hoffman, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL Building 1220, Los Angeles, California 90095. fax: (310) 825-3542
| | - Aristea Sideri
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan J. Ruiz
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitris Stavrakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Q. Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Iordanes Karagiannides
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Iordanes Karagiannides, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL Building 1220, Los Angeles, California 90095. fax: (310) 825-3542.
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11
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Mechanisms of angiogenesis in microbe-regulated inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Angiogenesis 2017; 21:1-14. [PMID: 29110215 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbiota inhabit all the mucosal surfaces of the human body. It plays significant roles during homeostatic conditions, and perturbations in numbers and/or products are associated with several pathological disorders. Angiogenesis, the process of new vessel formation, promotes embryonic development and critically modulates several biological processes during adulthood. Indeed, deregulated angiogenesis can induce or augment several pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence has implicated the angiogenic process in various microbiota-associated human diseases. Herein, we critically review diseases that are regulated by microbiota and are affected by angiogenesis, aiming to provide a broad understanding of how angiogenesis is involved and how microbiota regulate angiogenesis in microbiota-associated human conditions.
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12
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Lee Y, Choo J, Kim SJ, Heo G, Pothoulakis C, Kim YH, Im E. Analysis of endogenous lipids during intestinal wound healing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183028. [PMID: 28800645 PMCID: PMC5553895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal wound healing is a new therapeutic goal for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as complete healing of the mucosa is the key element of clinical remission in IBD. Previous studies showed that termination of inflammation can be achieved by adding pro-resolving lipids like DHA and EPA exogenously. However, the roles of these lipids in mucosal healing have not been investigated. To recapitulate intestinal healing process, mice were received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days in the drinking water followed by regular tap water for 5 additional days. DSS-induced intestinal inflammation featuring body weight loss, histological tissue damage, increased cytokine production and infiltration of inflammatory cells was gradually reduced upon switching to water. To investigate whether endogenous lipids play a role in mucosal healing, the lipidomics analysis of mouse serum was performed. Reduced levels of arachidonic acid, the biosynthetic precursor of prostaglandin F (PGF)2α, 19H-PGF1α, the metabolite of prostacyclin, and 20H-PGF2α, the metabolite of PGF2α, suggest subsiding inflammation. In contrast, increased levels of an active metabolite of resolvin D1 along with decreased levels of its precursor DHA as well as decreased levels of the precursor of resolvin E, 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, suggest inauguration of mucosal healing by endogenous lipids. Furthermore, exogenously supplied fish oil enhanced the process even further. These results suggest the presence of mucosal healing regulated by endogenous pro-healing lipids and also indicate that the remission state of IBD could be prolonged by enhancing the levels of these lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Section of Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yong-Hak Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Granger DN, Holm L, Kvietys P. The Gastrointestinal Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1541-83. [PMID: 26140727 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) circulation receives a large fraction of cardiac output and this increases following ingestion of a meal. While blood flow regulation is not the intense phenomenon noted in other vascular beds, the combined responses of blood flow, and capillary oxygen exchange help ensure a level of tissue oxygenation that is commensurate with organ metabolism and function. This is evidenced in the vascular responses of the stomach to increased acid production and in intestine during periods of enhanced nutrient absorption. Complimenting the metabolic vasoregulation is a strong myogenic response that contributes to basal vascular tone and to the responses elicited by changes in intravascular pressure. The GI circulation also contributes to a mucosal defense mechanism that protects against excessive damage to the epithelial lining following ingestion of toxins and/or noxious agents. Profound reductions in GI blood flow are evidenced in certain physiological (strenuous exercise) and pathological (hemorrhage) conditions, while some disease states (e.g., chronic portal hypertension) are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. The sacrificial nature of GI blood flow is essential for ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during periods of whole body stress. The restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) to GI organs following ischemia elicits an exaggerated tissue injury response that reflects the potential of this organ system to generate reactive oxygen species and to mount an inflammatory response. Human and animal studies of inflammatory bowel disease have also revealed a contribution of the vasculature to the initiation and perpetuation of the tissue inflammation and associated injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Angiogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:970890. [PMID: 26839731 PMCID: PMC4709626 DOI: 10.1155/2015/970890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important component of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are two closely related processes. Chronic intestinal inflammation is dependent on angiogenesis and this angiogenesis is modulated by immune system in IBD. Angiogenesis is a very complex process which includes multiple cell types, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and signal transduction. Lymphangiogenesis is a new research area in the pathogenesis of IBD. While angiogenesis supports inflammation via leukocyte migration, carrying oxygen and nutrients, on the other hand, it has a major role in wound healing. Angiogenic molecules look like perfect targets for the treatment of IBD, but they have risk for serious side effects because of their nature.
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15
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Lee NK, Son SH, Jeon EB, Jung GH, Lee JY, Paik HD. The prophylactic effect of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus KU3 against cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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16
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Ward CL, Sanchez CJ, Pollot BE, Romano DR, Hardy SK, Becerra SC, Rathbone CR, Wenke JC. Soluble factors from biofilms of wound pathogens modulate human bone marrow-derived stromal cell differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and cytokine secretion. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:75. [PMID: 25886581 PMCID: PMC4381664 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterized by the persistence of bacteria within biofilms - aggregations of cells encased within a self-produced polysaccharide matrix. Biofilm bacteria exhibit unique characteristics from planktonic, or culture-grown, bacterial phenotype, including diminished responses to antimicrobial therapy and persistence against host immune responses. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are host cells characterized by their multifunctional ability to undergo differentiation into multiple cell types and modulation of host-immune responses by secreting factors that promote wound healing. While these characteristics make MSCs an attractive therapeutic for wounds, these pro-healing activities may be differentially influenced in the context of an infection (i.e., biofilm related infections) within chronic wounds. Herein, we evaluated the effect of soluble factors derived from biofilms of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the viability, differentiation, and paracrine activity of human MSCs to evaluate the influence of biofilms on MSC activity in vitro. Results Exposure of MSCs to biofilm-conditioned medias of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa resulted in reductions in cell viability, in part due to activation of apoptosis. Similarly, exposure to soluble factors from biofilms was also observed to diminish the migration ability of cells and to hinder multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs. In contrast to these findings, exposure of MSCs to soluble factors from biofilms resulted in significant increases in the release of paracrine factors involved in inflammation and wound healing. Conclusions Collectively, these findings demonstrate that factors produced by biofilms can negatively impact the intrinsic properties of MSCs, in particular limiting the migratory and differentiation capacity of MSCs. Consequently, these studies suggest use/application of stem-cell therapies in the context of infection may have a limited therapeutic effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0412-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Ward
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Carlos J Sanchez
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Beth E Pollot
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Desiree R Romano
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sharanda K Hardy
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra C Becerra
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Sonal Sekhar M, Unnikrishnan MK, Vijayanarayana K, Rodrigues GS, Mukhopadhyay C. Topical application/formulation of probiotics: will it be a novel treatment approach for diabetic foot ulcer? Med Hypotheses 2013; 82:86-8. [PMID: 24296233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic conditions like diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is challenging due to increased susceptibility for infection and delayed wound healing. Complexity of existing therapy, adverse effects and microbial resistance emphasizes the need of an alternative approach for the management of DFU. The increasing body of evidence associated with probiotic application in diverse disease states merits its use in wound healing and infection too. Different probiotic strains have shown their efficacy in various infections like gut infections, oral infections and urogenital infections. Experimental studies have demonstrated probiotics' ability for gastric ulcer healing. Underlying mechanism of the above therapeutic effects of probiotics involves modulation of local and systemic immunity. The hypothesis is based on the concept that mechanism of anti-infective and ulcer healing action of probiotics will be similar in peripheral wounds and ulcers as on any other part of the body. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that topical applications/formulation of probiotics may be effective for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonal Sekhar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - M K Unnikrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - K Vijayanarayana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
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18
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Chen X, Yang G, Song JH, Xu H, Li D, Goldsmith J, Zeng H, Parsons-Wingerter PA, Reinecker HC, Kelly CP. Probiotic yeast inhibits VEGFR signaling and angiogenesis in intestinal inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64227. [PMID: 23675530 PMCID: PMC3652827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) can protect against intestinal injury and tumor formation, but how this probiotic yeast controls protective mucosal host responses is unclear. Angiogenesis is an integral process of inflammatory responses in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and required for mucosal remodeling during restitution. The aim of this study was to determine whether Sb alters VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) signaling, a central regulator of angiogenesis. Methods HUVEC were used to examine the effects of Sb on signaling and on capillary tube formation (using the ECMatrix™ system). The effects of Sb on VEGF-mediated angiogenesis were examined in vivo using an adenovirus expressing VEGF-A(164) in the ears of adult nude mice (NuNu). The effects of Sb on blood vessel volume branching and density in DSS-induced colitis was quantified using VESsel GENeration (VESGEN) software. Results 1) Sb treatment attenuated weight-loss (p<0.01) and histological damage (p<0.01) in DSS colitis. VESGEN analysis of angiogenesis showed significantly increased blood vessel density and volume in DSS-treated mice compared to control. Sb treatment significantly reduced the neo-vascularization associated with acute DSS colitis and accelerated mucosal recovery restoration of the lamina propria capillary network to a normal morphology. 2) Sb inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo in the mouse ear model. 3) Sb also significantly inhibited angiogenesis in vitro in the capillary tube assay in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). 4) In HUVEC, Sb reduced basal VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, VEGFR-2 phosphorylation in response to VEGF as well as activation of the downstream kinases PLCγ and Erk1/2. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the probiotic yeast S boulardii can modulate angiogenesis to limit intestinal inflammation and promote mucosal tissue repair by regulating VEGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Bader J, Albin A, Stahl U. Spore-forming bacteria and their utilisation as probiotics. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:67-75. [PMID: 22348911 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, the beneficial application of bacterial spore formers as probiotics in the food industry is discussed based on the knowledge gleaned from current publications. The summary of new scientific results provides evidence of the advantages of the utilisation of Bacillus or Clostridium strains in the food industry. Both bacteria are able to produce a very stable duration form: the endospore. Compared to the widely used lactic acid bacteria, bacterial spores offer the advantage of a higher survival rate during the acidic stomach passage and better stability during the processing and storage of the food product. In many food products, germination of the spores does not occur. Hence the product quality of the food is not affected because of their inactive metabolism. Besides the possible utilisation and functional properties, an overview of the fast-developing knowledge about the mechanisms of the beneficial health effects of spore-forming bacteria is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bader
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet für Angewandte und Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Germany.
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20
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Thomas S, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Dörffel Y, Baumgart DC. Anti-inflammatory effects of Saccharomyces boulardii mediated by myeloid dendritic cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G1083-92. [PMID: 21903765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00217.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast that has demonstrated efficacy in pilot studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microbial antigen handling by dendritic cells (DC) is believed to be of critical importance for immunity and tolerance in IBD. The aim was to characterize the effects of Sb on DC from IBD patients. Highly purified (>95%), lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD123(-) myeloid DC (mDC) from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 36), Crohn's disease (CD; n = 26), or infectious controls (IC; n = 4) were cultured in the presence or absence of fungal supernatant from Sb (SbS). Phenotype and cytokine production and/or secretion of IBD mDC were measured by flow cytometry and cytometric bead arrays, respectively. T cell phenotype and proliferation were assessed in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with allogenic CD4(+)CD45RA(+) naïve T cells from healthy donors. Mucosal healing was investigated in epithelial wounding and migration assays with IEC-6 cells. SbS significantly decreased the frequency of CD40-, CD80-, and CD197 (CCR7; chemokine receptor-7)-expressing IBD mDC and reduced their secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 while increasing IL-8. In the MLR, SbS significantly inhibited T cell proliferation induced by IBD mDC. Moreover, SbS inhibited T(H)1 (TNF-α and interferon-γ) polarization induced by UC mDC and promoted IL-8 and transforming growth factor-β-dependent mucosal healing. In summary, we provide novel evidence of synergistic mechanisms how Sb controls inflammation (inhibition of T cell costimulation and inflammation-associated migration and mobilization of DC) and promotes epithelial restitution relevant in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Charité Medical Center-Virchow Hospital, Medical School of the Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Pinto D, Marzani B, Minervini F, Calasso M, Giuliani G, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. Plantaricin A synthesized by Lactobacillus plantarum induces in vitro proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes and increases the expression of TGF-β1, FGF7, VEGF-A and IL-8 genes. Peptides 2011; 32:1815-24. [PMID: 21782870 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work showed the effect of pheromone plantaricin A (PlnA) on the proliferation and migration of the human keratinocytes NCTC 2544. PlnA was chemically synthesized and used as pure peptide or biologically synthesized during co-cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was used as the crude preparation containing PlnA. The inductive effect of PlnA on the proliferation of NCTC 2544 cells was higher than that found for hyaluronic acid, a well known skin protective compound. As shown by scratch assay and image analyses, PlnA enhanced the migration of NCTC 2544 cells. Compared to the basal serum free medium (control), the highest inductive effect was found using 10μg/ml of chemically synthesized PlnA. Similar results (P>0.05) were found for CFS. In agreement, the percentage of the starting scratch area was decreased after treatment (24h) with PlnA. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), keratinocyte growth factor 7 (FGF7), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes was affected by PlnA. Compared to control, TGF-β1 gene was under expressed in the first 4h of treatments and up-regulated after 8-24h. On the contrary, FGF7 gene was strongly up-regulated in the first 4h of treatments. Compared to control, VEGF-A and IL-8 genes were always up-regulated during the 4-24h from scratching. Since capable of promoting the proliferation and migration of the human keratinocytes and of stimulating IL-8 cytokine, the use of PlnA for dermatological purposes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pinto
- Department of Biologia e Chimica Agro-Forestale ed Ambientale, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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22
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Backly RE, Ulivi V, Tonachini L, Cancedda R, Descalzi F, Mastrogiacomo M. Platelet Lysate Induces In Vitro Wound Healing of Human Keratinocytes Associated with a Strong Proinflammatory Response. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1787-800. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania El Backly
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Universita'di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Laura Tonachini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Universita'di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Universita'di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Descalzi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Universita'di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Universita'di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, Cabana MD, Gibson G, Hentges E, Sanders ME. Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:392-403. [PMID: 21729093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Cromer WE, Mathis JM, Granger DN, Chaitanya GV, Alexander JS. Role of the endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:578-93. [PMID: 21350707 PMCID: PMC3040330 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i5.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease. At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells, whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply, immune cell emigration, and regulation of the tissue environment. Expansion of the endothelium in IBD (angiogenesis), mediated by inflammatory growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity. The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, altering coagulant capacity, barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury. This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.
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