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Frias H, Murga Valderrama NL, Flores Durand GJ, Cornejo VG, Romani AC, Bardales W, Segura GT, Polveiro RC, Vieira DDS, Ramos Sanchez EM, Lopez Lapa RM, Maicelo Quintana JL. Comparative analysis of fasting effects on the cecum microbiome in three guinea pig breeds: Andina, Inti, and Peru. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1283738. [PMID: 38173670 PMCID: PMC10761435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1283738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Guinea pigs have historically been used as a food source and are also an important model for studying the human intestines. Fasting is the act of temporarily stopping the intake of food. This process can alter the microbiota of various animals. This study is the first to investigate the impact of fasting on the cecum microbiome of three guinea pig breeds. We investigated the impact of fasting on the microbiome population structure in the cecum of three guinea pig breeds. This was done by sequencing and analyzing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene in bacterial communities found in cecum mucosa samples. To achieve this, we established two treatment groups (fasting and fed), for each of the three guinea pig breeds: Andina, Inti, and Peru. The study involved twenty-eight guinea pigs, which were divided into the following groups: Andina-fed (five), Andina-fasting (five), Inti-fed (four), Inti-fasting (five), Peru-fed (five), and Peru-fasting (four). The results indicated a significant difference in beta diversity between the treatment groups for the Peru breed (P-value = 0.049), but not for the treatment groups of the Andina and Inti breeds. The dominant phyla across all groups were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. We observed variations in the abundance of different taxa in the cecum microbiota when comparing the treatment groups for each breed. Additionally, there was a higher number of unique taxa observed in the fasting groups compared to the fed groups. We discovered that the genus Victivallis was the only one present in all fasting groups across all breeds. Despite the findings, the resilience of the gut microbiome was not challenged in all three breeds, which can lead to disruptive changes that may affect the overall maintenance of the cecum microbiome. Based on the observed differences in the treatment groups of the Peru breed, it can be suggested that fasting has a greater impact on this particular breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Frias
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Gary J. Flores Durand
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Victor G. Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Ana C. Romani
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - William Bardales
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - G. T. Segura
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Richard C. Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dielson da S. Vieira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Eduardo M. Ramos Sanchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Rainer M. Lopez Lapa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
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Bai J, Wei JQ, Tian Q, Xue F, Zhang W, He H. The impact of electroacupuncture on anxiety-like behavior and gut microbiome in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1292835. [PMID: 38033481 PMCID: PMC10687179 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1292835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electroacupuncture (EA) is a beneficial physiotherapy approach for addressing neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of EA on the gut microbiome in relation to anxiety disorders remains poorly understood. Methods To address this gap, we conducted a study using a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model to investigate the anti-anxiety outcome of EA and its influence on gut microbiota. Our research involved behavioral tests and comprehensive sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA microbiomes. Results Our findings revealed that CRS led to significant anxiety-like behaviors and an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Specifically, we identified 13 species that exhibited changes associated with anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, EA partially alleviated both behaviors related to anxiety and the dysbiosis induced by CRS. Discussion In summary, this study sheds light on the alterations in gut microbiota species resulting from CRS treatment and brings new light into the connection between EA's anti-anxiety effects and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong He
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Frias H, Murga Valderrama NL, Flores GJ, Cornejo VG, Del Solar JC, Romani AC, Bardales W, Segura GT, Polveiro RC, Vieira DDS, Lopez Lapa RM, Maicelo Quintana JL. An analysis of the cecum microbiome of three breeds of the guinea pig: Andina, Inti, and Peru. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:50-61. [PMID: 37321011 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of host genetics on the structure and composition of the cecum microbiota of three breeds of guinea pigs: Andina, Inti, and Peru. Fifteen guinea pigs were distributed into three groups according to their breed: Andina (5), Inti (5), and Peru (5). We discovered that four main phyla were shared between the three breeds: Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Spirochaetota, and Synergistota. Although there were no significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity analysis, we found that the Linear discriminant analysis effect size and the heat tree analysis showed significant differences between the abundance of several taxa present in the cecum microbiome of the three breeds. These results suggest that host genetics could be a factor in the structure and composition of the guinea pig cecum microbiome. In addition, we found unique genera for each breed that have fermentation capacity and, therefore can be analyzed in further studies to determine if there is a functional relationship between them and the breed and its industrial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Frias
- Academic Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Zootechnical Engineering, Agribusiness and Biotechnology, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Gary J Flores
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Victor G Cornejo
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Jakson Ch Del Solar
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Ana C Romani
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - William Bardales
- Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, Faculty of Zootechnical Engineering, Agribusiness, and Biotechnology, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - G T Segura
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Richard C Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dielson da S Vieira
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rainer M Lopez Lapa
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru.
| | - Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana
- Livestock and Biotechnology Research Institute, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru
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Weng JQ, Li JB, Yuan MF, Yao TT, Zhang JF, Zeng YY, Zhao J, Li Y, Xu K, Shen XX. Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Intestinal Barrier, Intestinal Flora, and Trimethylamine Oxide in Rats with Heart Failure. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:155-161. [PMID: 36369611 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-2898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) modulating the gut microbiome and trimethylamine oxide (TAMO) to exert cardioprotective effects. METHODS Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in rats to induce heart failure (HF). Except for the sham-operation group (n=10), 36 operation-induced models were randomized into 3 groups using a random number table (n=12 in each group): the model group, the BYHWD group (15.02 g/kg BYHWD), and the positive group (4.99 g/kg metoprolol succinate). After 4-week treatment (once daily by gavage), echocardiography was applied to evaluate the cardiac function and the Tei index (the ratio of ventricular isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) and isovolumic diastolic time (IVRT) to ejection time (ET)) was calculated; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was observed to characterize the pathology of the myocardium and small intestinal villi. D-lactic acid was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens (ZO-1) were detected by Western blot. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) sequencing was used to explore the changes in the intestinal flora. TMAO was detected via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In the echocardiography, the Tei index was considerably lower in the positive and BYHWD groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). Besides, BYHWD improved the pathology of myocardium and small intestine of HF rats and lowered the D-lactic acid content in the serum, when compared with the model group (P<0.05). BYHWD also improved the expression of occludin and claudin-1 (P<0.05); in the gut microbiota analysis, BYHWD slowed down modifications in the structure distribution of gut microbiota and regulated the diversity of intestinal flora in HF rats. The content of TMAO in the serum was significantly lowered by BYWHT compared with the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION BYHWD may delay progression of HF by enhancing the intestinal barrier structure, and regulating intestinal flora and TAMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jie-Bai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing-Fang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Are neuromodulation interventions associated with changes in the gut microbiota? A systematic review. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109318. [PMID: 36334762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) refers to the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota and recent studies have linked the MGBA to health and disease. Research has so far investigated this axis mainly from microbiota to brain but less is known about the other direction. One approach to examine the MGBA from brain to microbiota is through understanding if and how neuromodulation might impact microbiota. Neuromodulation encompasses a wide range of stimulation techniques and is used to treat neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders, like Parkinson's Disease, depression and obesity. Here, we performed a systematic review to investigate whether neuromodulation is associated with subsequent changes in the gut microbiota. Searches in PsycINFO and MEDLINE were performed up to March 2022. Included studies needed to be clinical or preclinical studies comparing the effects of deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation or vagal nerve stimulation on the gut microbiota before and after treatment or between active and control groups. Seven studies were identified. Neuromodulation was associated with changes in relative bacterial abundances, but not with (changes in) α-diversity or β-diversity. Summarizing, currently reported findings suggest that neuromodulation interventions are associated with moderate changes in the gut microbiome. However, findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number and varying quality of included studies, as well as the large heterogeneity between studies. More research is required to more conclusively establish whether, and if so, via which mechanism(s) of action neuromodulation interventions might influence the gut microbiota.
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Kumar T, Dutta RR, Velagala VR, Ghosh B, Mudey A. Analyzing the Complicated Connection Between Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases. Cureus 2022; 14:e28165. [PMID: 36148181 PMCID: PMC9482761 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relentless human curiosity to understand the basis of every aspect of medical science has led humanity to unlock the deepest secrets about the physiology of human existence and, in the process, has reached milestones that a century ago could only be imagined. Recent ground-breaking breakthroughs have helped scientists and physicians all over the world to update the scientific basis of diseases and hence further improve treatment outcomes. According to recent studies, scientists have found a link between intestinal flora and the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Any change in the typical habitat of gut microbiota has been shown to result in the culmination of various metabolic and cardiac diseases. Therefore, gut microbiota can be credited for influencing the course of the development of a disease. Any change in the composition and function of bacterial species living in the gut can result in both beneficial and harmful effects on the body. Gut microbiota achieves this role by numerous mechanisms. Generations of various metabolites like TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), increased receptibility of various bacterial antigens, and disruption of the enzyme action in various metabolic pathways like the bile acids pathway may result in the development of metabolic as well as cardiovascular diseases. Even if they may not be the only etiological factor in the pathogenesis of a disease, they may very well serve as a contributing factor in worsening the outcome of the condition. Studies have shown that they actively play a role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerotic plaque formation and rising blood pressure. The focus of this review article is to establish a relation between various cardiovascular diseases and gut microbiota. This could prove beneficial for clinicians, health care providers, and scientists to develop novel therapeutic algorithms while treating cardiac patients.
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Spehlmann ME, Rangrez AY, Dhotre DP, Schmiedel N, Chavan N, Bang C, Müller OJ, Shouche YS, Franke A, Frank D, Frey N. Heart Failure Severity Closely Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Subsequent Metabolomic Alterations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040809. [PMID: 35453559 PMCID: PMC9033061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests an altered gut microbiome in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the exact interrelationship between microbiota, HF, and its consequences on the metabolome are still unknown. We thus aimed here to decipher the association between the severity and progression of HF and the gut microbiome composition and circulating metabolites. Using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), gut bacterial diversity was found to be significantly lower in mice as early as day 7 post-TAC compared to Sham controls (p = 0.03), with a gradual progressive decrease in alpha-diversity on days 7, 14, and 42 (p = 0.014, p = 0.0016, p = 0.0021) compared to day 0, which coincided with compensated hypertrophy, maladaptive hypertrophy, and overtly failing hearts, respectively. Strikingly, segregated analysis based on the severity of the cardiac dysfunction (EF < 40% vs. EF 40−55%) manifested marked differences in the abundance and the grouping of several taxa. Multivariate analysis of plasma metabolites and bacterial diversity produced a strong correlation of metabolic alterations, such as reduced short-chain fatty acids and an increase in primary bile acids, with a differential abundance of distinct bacteria in HF. In conclusion, we showed that HF begets HF, likely via a vicious cycle of an altered microbiome and metabolic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E. Spehlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Y. Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.Y.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Dhiraj P. Dhotre
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411021, India; (D.P.D.); (N.C.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Nesrin Schmiedel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikita Chavan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411021, India; (D.P.D.); (N.C.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yogesh S. Shouche
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411021, India; (D.P.D.); (N.C.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (C.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.S.); (N.S.); (O.J.M.); (D.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.Y.R.); (N.F.)
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Anselmi G, Gagliardi L, Egidi G, Leone S, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD, Galiuto L. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Critical Review. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:195-204. [PMID: 32639240 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human intestine contains the largest and most diverse ecosystem of microbes. The main function of the intestinal bacterial flora is to limit the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, the intestinal microbiota is increasingly emerging as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, bile acids, and polyphenols play a pivotal role in maintaining healthy cardiovascular function, and when dysregulated, can potentially lead to CVD. In particular, changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the microbiota and its metabolites have become a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition to a varied and balanced diet, the use of prebiotic and probiotic treatments or selective trimethylamine-N-oxide inhibitors could play a pivotal role in the prevention of CVD, especially in patients with a high metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Anselmi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Egidi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Leone
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonarda Galiuto
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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9
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Gutiérrez-Calabrés E, Ortega-Hernández A, Modrego J, Gómez-Gordo R, Caro-Vadillo A, Rodríguez-Bobada C, González P, Gómez-Garre D. Gut Microbiota Profile Identifies Transition From Compensated Cardiac Hypertrophy to Heart Failure in Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2020; 76:1545-1554. [PMID: 32921194 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculatory alterations displayed by patients with heart failure (HF) induce structural and functional intestinal changes that may affect normal gut microbial community. At the same time, gut microbiota can influence pathological mechanisms implicated in HF progression. However, it is unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis can precede the development of cardiac alterations in HF or it is only a mere consequence. Our aim was to investigate the potential relationship between gut microbiota composition and HF development by comparing spontaneously hypertensive heart failure and spontaneously hypertensive rat models. Gut microbiota from spontaneously hypertensive heart failure, spontaneously hypertensive rat, and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats at 9 and 19 months of age was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, and KEGG metabolic pathways associated to 16S profiles were predicted. Beta diversity, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, taxonomic abundances, and potential metabolic functions of gut microbiota were significantly different in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure with respect to spontaneously hypertensive rat before (9 months) and after (19 months) cardiac differences were presented. Nine-month-old spontaneously hypertensive heart failure showed a significant increase in the genera Paraprevotella, Oscillospira, Prevotella 9, Faecalitalea, Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium 6, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyrivibrio, Parasutterella, and Parabacteroides compared with both Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat, while Ruminiclostridium 9, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Mucispirillum, Intestinimonas, and Akkermansia were diminished. Of them, Akkermansia, Prevotella 9, Paraprevotella, and Phascolarctobaterium were associated to changes in cardiac structure and function. Our results demonstrate an association between specific changes in gut microbiota and the development of HF in a hypertensive model of HF and further support the intervention to restore gut microbiota as an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gutiérrez-Calabrés
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
| | - Adriana Ortega-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
| | - Javier Modrego
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
| | - Rubén Gómez-Gordo
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (A.C.-V.)
| | - Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada
- Unit of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Pablo González
- Unit of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
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10
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Farrand AQ, Verner RS, McGuire RM, Helke KL, Hinson VK, Boger HA. Differential effects of vagus nerve stimulation paradigms guide clinical development for Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1323-1332. [PMID: 32629028 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) modifies brain rhythms in the locus coeruleus (LC) via the solitary nucleus. Degeneration of the LC in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an early catalyst of the spreading neurodegenerative process, suggesting that stimulating LC output with VNS has the potential to modify disease progression. We previously showed in a lesion PD model that VNS delivered twice daily reduced neuroinflammation and motor deficits, and attenuated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell loss. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the differential effects of three clinically-relevant VNS paradigms in a PD lesion model. METHODS Eleven days after DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, noradrenergic lesion, administered systemically)/6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine, dopaminergic lesion, administered intrastriatally) rats were implanted with VNS devices, and received either low-frequency VNS, standard-frequency VNS, or high-frequency microburst VNS. After 10 days of treatment and behavioral assessment, rats were euthanized, right prefrontal cortex (PFC) was dissected for norepinephrine assessment, and the left striatum, bilateral substantia nigra (SN), and LC were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of catecholamine neurons, α-synuclein, astrocytes, and microglia. RESULTS At higher VNS frequencies, specifically microburst VNS, greater improvements occurred in motor function, attenuation of TH-positive cell loss in SN and LC, and norepinephrine concentration in the PFC. Additionally, higher VNS frequencies resulted in lower intrasomal α-synuclein accumulation and glial density in the SN. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that higher stimulation frequencies provided the greatest attenuation of behavioral and pathological markers in this PD model, indicating therapeutic potential for these VNS paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Q Farrand
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ryan S Verner
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Ryan M McGuire
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 165 Ashley Ave, Children's Hospital 309, MSC 908, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 309, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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11
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Jin M, Qian Z, Yin J, Xu W, Zhou X. The role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2343-2350. [PMID: 30712327 PMCID: PMC6433673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the recent years, both human and animal experiments have revealed that alterations in the composition and function of intestinal flora, recognized as gut microflora dysbiosis, can accelerate the progression of CVDs. Moreover, intestinal flora metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid and indoxyl sulfate, which affects the host physiological processes by activation of numerous signalling pathways. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for CVD that involve interfering with the composition, function and metabolites of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suzuki JI, Komuro I. Novel Concept of a Heart-Gut Axis in the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:663-669. [PMID: 28955383 PMCID: PMC5614941 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) have structural and functional changes of the gut as a result of microcirculatory disturbances. A disrupted gut epithelial barrier may lead to translocation of microbial products into systemic circulation, possibly aggravating HF by inducing inflammatory responses. Gut microbiota play an essential role in the maintenance of host homeostasis because large quantities of their gene products complement host physiological processes. Emerging evidence has suggested the potential clinical significance of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of HF. Imbalances of gut microbe-derived metabolites can contribute to cardiac dysfunction and other morbidities in patients with HF. Therapeutic research for HF through targeting microbiota is under way. Thus, the novel concept of a heart-gut axis may lead to breakthroughs in the development of innovative diagnostics and therapeutic approaches for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kamo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Zabell A, Tang WHW. Targeting the Microbiome in Heart Failure. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2017; 19:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-017-0528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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