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Hajji N, Wannes D, Jabri MA, Rtibi K, Tounsi H, Abdellaoui A, Sebai H. Purgative/laxative actions of Globularia alypum aqueous extract on gastrointestinal-physiological function and against loperamide-induced constipation coupled to oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13858. [PMID: 32337785 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic constipation is a gastrointestinal functional disorder which affects patient quality of life. Therefore, many studies were oriented to search herbal laxative agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of Globularia alypum L. leaves aqueous extract (GAAE) against loperamide (LOP)-produced constipation. METHODS Animals were given LOP (3 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) and GAAE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) or yohimbine (2 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.), simultaneously, for 1 week. Gastric-emptying test and intestinal transit were determined. Colon histology was examined, and oxidative status was evaluated using biochemical-colorimetric methods. KEY RESULTS GAAE ameliorates significantly gastric emptying (64% to 76.5%) and intestinal transit (66.65% to 84.73%). LOP negatively influenced defecation parameters and generated a stress situation. GAAE administration in contrast ameliorated those parameters and re-established oxidative balance. CONCLUSION GAAE showed a modest action against oxidative stress and decreased LOP effect and thereby can be considered a pharmacological agent in constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Hajji
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dalanda Wannes
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentalse, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Abdellaoui
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentalse, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
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Lu KH, Cao J, Oleson S, Ward MP, Phillips R, Powley TL, Liu Z. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes gastric emptying by increasing pyloric opening measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13380. [PMID: 29797377 PMCID: PMC6160317 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging electroceutical therapy for remedying gastric disorders that are poorly managed by pharmacological treatments and/or dietary changes. Such therapy seems promising as the vagovagal neurocircuitry modulates the enteric nervous system to influence gastric functions. METHODS Here, the modulatory effects of left cervical VNS on gastric emptying in rats were quantified using a (i) feeding protocol in which the animal voluntarily consumed a postfast, gadolinium-labeled meal and (ii) a non-invasive imaging method to measure antral motility, pyloric activity and gastric emptying based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer-assisted image processing pipelines. KEY RESULTS Vagus nerve stimulation significantly accelerated gastric emptying (sham vs VNS: 29.1% ± 1.5% vs 40.7% ± 3.9% of meal emptied per 4 hours), caused a greater relaxation of the pyloric sphincter (sham vs VNS: 1.5 ± 0.1 vs 2.6 ± 0.4 mm2 cross-sectional area of lumen), and increased antral contraction amplitude (sham vs VNS: 23.3% ± 3.0% vs 32.5% ± 3.0% occlusion), peristaltic velocity (sham vs VNS: 0.50 ± 0.02 vs 0.67 ± 0.03 mm s-1 ), but not its contraction frequency (sham vs VNS: 6.1 ± 0.2 vs 6.4 ± 0.2 contractions per minute, P = .22). The degree to which VNS relaxed the pylorus was positively correlated with gastric emptying rate (r = .5887, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The MRI protocol employed in this study is expected to enable advanced preclinical studies to understand stomach pathophysiology and its therapeutics. Results from this study suggest an electroceutical treatment approach for gastric emptying disorders using cervical VNS to control the degree of pyloric sphincter relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Lu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jiayue Cao
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Steven Oleson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew P Ward
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert Phillips
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Terry L Powley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Correspondence: Zhongming Liu, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1 765 496 1872, Fax: +1 765 496 1459, . Terry L Powley, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1 765 494 6269,
| | - Zhongming Liu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Correspondence: Zhongming Liu, PhD, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1 765 496 1872, Fax: +1 765 496 1459, . Terry L Powley, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1 765 494 6269,
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Lu KH, Cao J, Oleson ST, Powley TL, Liu Z. Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gastric Emptying and Motility in Rats. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 64:2546-2554. [PMID: 28796602 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2737559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of gastric emptying and motility in humans and animals typically requires radioactive imaging or invasive measurements. Here, we developed a robust strategy to image and characterize gastric emptying and motility in rats based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer-assisted image processing. The animals were trained to naturally consume a gadolinium-labeled dietgel while bypassing any need for oral gavage. Following this test meal, the animals were scanned under low-dose anesthesia for high-resolution T1-weighted MRI in 7 Tesla, visualizing the time-varying distribution of the meal with greatly enhanced contrast against non-gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Such contrast-enhanced images not only depicted the gastric anatomy, but also captured and quantified stomach emptying, intestinal filling, antral contraction, and intestinal absorption with fully automated image processing. Over four postingestion hours, the stomach emptied by 27%, largely attributed to the emptying of the forestomach rather than the corpus and the antrum, and most notable during the first 30 min. Stomach emptying was accompanied by intestinal filling for the first 2 h, whereas afterward intestinal absorption was observable as cumulative contrast enhancement in the renal medulla. The antral contraction was captured as a peristaltic wave propagating from the proximal to distal antrum. The frequency, velocity, and amplitude of the antral contraction were on average 6.34 ± 0.07 contractions per minute, 0.67 ± 0.01 mm/s, and 30.58 ± 1.03%, respectively. These results demonstrate an optimized MRI-based strategy to assess gastric emptying and motility in healthy rats, paving the way for using this technique to understand GI diseases, or test new therapeutics in rat models.The assessment of gastric emptying and motility in humans and animals typically requires radioactive imaging or invasive measurements. Here, we developed a robust strategy to image and characterize gastric emptying and motility in rats based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer-assisted image processing. The animals were trained to naturally consume a gadolinium-labeled dietgel while bypassing any need for oral gavage. Following this test meal, the animals were scanned under low-dose anesthesia for high-resolution T1-weighted MRI in 7 Tesla, visualizing the time-varying distribution of the meal with greatly enhanced contrast against non-gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Such contrast-enhanced images not only depicted the gastric anatomy, but also captured and quantified stomach emptying, intestinal filling, antral contraction, and intestinal absorption with fully automated image processing. Over four postingestion hours, the stomach emptied by 27%, largely attributed to the emptying of the forestomach rather than the corpus and the antrum, and most notable during the first 30 min. Stomach emptying was accompanied by intestinal filling for the first 2 h, whereas afterward intestinal absorption was observable as cumulative contrast enhancement in the renal medulla. The antral contraction was captured as a peristaltic wave propagating from the proximal to distal antrum. The frequency, velocity, and amplitude of the antral contraction were on average 6.34 ± 0.07 contractions per minute, 0.67 ± 0.01 mm/s, and 30.58 ± 1.03%, respectively. These results demonstrate an optimized MRI-based strategy to assess gastric emptying and motility in healthy rats, paving the way for using this technique to understand GI diseases, or test new therapeutics in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Lu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Institute for Integrative NeurosciencePurdue University
| | - Jiayue Cao
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Purdue Institute for Integrative NeurosciencePurdue University
| | - Steven Thomas Oleson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Purdue Institute for Integrative NeurosciencePurdue University
| | - Terry L Powley
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhongming Liu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Jando J, Camargo SMR, Herzog B, Verrey F. Expression and regulation of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 in rat small intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184845. [PMID: 28915252 PMCID: PMC5600382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Absorption of neutral amino acids across the luminal membrane of intestinal enterocytes is mediated by the broad neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 (SLC6A19). Its intestinal expression depends on co-expression of the membrane-anchored peptidase angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and is additionally enhanced by aminopeptidase N (CD13). We investigated in this study the expression of B0AT1 and its auxiliary peptidases as well as its transport function along the rat small intestine. Additionally, we tested its possible short- and long-term regulation by dietary proteins and amino acids. We showed by immunofluorescence that B0AT1, ACE2 and CD13 co-localize on the luminal membrane of small intestinal villi and by Western blotting that their protein expression increases in distal direction. Furthermore, we observed an elevated transport activity of the neutral amino acid L-isoleucine during the nocturnal active phase compared to the inactive one. Gastric emptying was delayed by intragastric application of an amino acid cocktail but we observed no acute dietary regulation of B0AT1 protein expression and L-isoleucine transport. Investigation of the chronic dietary regulation of B0AT1, ACE2 and CD13 by different diets revealed an increased B0AT1 protein expression under amino acid-supplemented diet in the proximal section but not in the distal one and for ACE2 protein expression a reverse localization of the effect. Dietary regulation for CD13 protein expression was not as distinct as for the two other proteins. Ring uptake experiments showed a tendency for increased L-isoleucine uptake under amino acid-supplemented diet and in vivo L-isoleucine absorption was more efficient under high protein and amino acid-supplemented diet. Additionally, plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids were elevated under high protein and amino acid diet. Taken together, our experiments did not reveal an acute amino acid-induced regulation of B0AT1 but revealed a chronic dietary adaptation mainly restricted to the proximal segment of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jando
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M. R. Camargo
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Herzog
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Jordi J, Guggiana-Nilo D, Soucy E, Song EY, Lei Wee C, Engert F. A high-throughput assay for quantifying appetite and digestive dynamics. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R345-57. [PMID: 26108871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and digestion are vital functions, and their dysregulation is fundamental for many human diseases. Current methods do not support their dynamic quantification on large scales in unrestrained vertebrates. Here, we combine an infrared macroscope with fluorescently labeled food to quantify feeding behavior and intestinal nutrient metabolism with high temporal resolution, sensitivity, and throughput in naturally behaving zebrafish larvae. Using this method and rate-based modeling, we demonstrate that zebrafish larvae match nutrient intake to their bodily demand and that larvae adjust their digestion rate, according to the ingested meal size. Such adaptive feedback mechanisms make this model system amenable to identify potential chemical modulators. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that nicotine, l-lysine, ghrelin, and insulin have analogous impact on food intake as in mammals. Consequently, the method presented here will promote large-scale translational research of food intake and digestive function in a naturally behaving vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Jordi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Drago Guggiana-Nilo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Committee for Higher Degrees in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Soucy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Erin Yue Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
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Welsh C, Jarrin J, Daneman A, Belik J. In vivo ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying in newborn mice. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60:322-6. [PMID: 25714576 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to develop an ultrasonographic approach to comparatively assess gastric emptying in newborn wild-type and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase knockout hph-1 mice, because we previously reported gastroparesis early in life in this strain. METHODS Stomach transverse, anteroposterior, and longitudinal ultrasonographic measurements were obtained with a 40-MHz transducer in pups immediately after maternal separation and 4 hours later. A conventional equation was used and the predicted values validated by obtaining postmortem gastric content volume measurements. Wild-type and hph-1 mice gastric emptying rates were comparatively evaluated at 1 to 3 and 5 to 8 days of age, respectively. RESULTS The ultrasound equation closely predicted the newborn stomach content volumes with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93 and 0.81 (P < 0.01) for measurements obtained on full stomach and after 4 hours of fasting, respectively. In wild-type mice, gastric emptying was age dependent and associated with a greater residual volume at 1 to 3 days (65% ± 7%), as compared with 5- to 8-day-old pups (33% ± 4%; P < 0.01), after fasting. In contrast, an equal duration of fasting resulted in a significantly greater residual gastric content volume in 5- to 8-day-old hph-1 mice (68% ± 7%; P < 0.01), as compared with same-age wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography offers a sensitive and accurate estimate of gastric content volume in newborn mice. In wild-type newborn mice, gastric emptying rate is age dependent and significantly reduced in the immediate postnatal period. The newborn hph-1 mice have a significantly higher gastric residual volume, as compared with wild-type same-age animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Welsh
- *Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Paediatrics †Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jordi J, Herzog B, Lutz TA, Verrey F. Novel antidiabetic nutrients identified by in vivo screening for gastric secretion and emptying regulation in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R869-78. [PMID: 25100072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00273.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and represents a worldwide health issue. Postprandial hyperglycemia is considered a major predictor of diabetic complications, and its reduction represents a specific treatment target in Type 1 and 2 diabetes. Since postprandial glucose excursions depend to a large extent on gastric secretion and emptying, amylin and glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs are prescribed to reduce them. Although gastric function is considered mainly sensitive to ingested calories, its chemospecificity is not well understood. To identify ingestible nutrients reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, we applied intragastrically more than 40 individual nutrients at an isomolar dose to rats and quantified their impact on gastric secretion and emptying using a novel in vivo computed tomography imaging method. We identified l-tryptophan, l-arginine, l-cysteine, and l-lysine as the most potent modulators with effective strength comparable to a supraphysiological dose of amylin. Importantly, all identified candidates reduced postprandial glucose excursion within an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy and diabetic rats. This clinical beneficial effect originated predominantly from their impact on gastric function, as none of the candidates altered plasma glucose concentrations induced by intraperitoneal or intraduodenal glucose tolerance tests. Overall, these data demonstrate a remarkable chemospecificity of stomach function, unveil a strong role of the stomach for glycemic control and identifies nutrients with antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Jordi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Herzog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Baruffol C, Jordi J, Camargo S, Radovic T, Herzog B, Fried M, Schwizer W, Verrey F, Lutz TA, Steingoetter A. L-lysine dose dependently delays gastric emptying and increases intestinal fluid volume in humans and rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:999-1009. [PMID: 24890878 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel sensory inputs for the control of food intake and gastrointestinal (GI) function are of increasing interest due to the rapid increase in nutrition-related diseases. The essential amino acid L-lysine was demonstrated to have a selective impact on food intake, gastric emptying, and intestinal transit in rats, thus indicating a potential novel direct sensory input to assess dietary protein content and quality. The aim of this study was to assess translational aspects of this finding and to investigate the dose-dependent effect of L-lysine on human and rat GI function. METHODS L-lysine doses from 0-800 mg in rats and 0.5-7.5 g in humans were analyzed for their effect on gastric emptying and GI secretion. Human GI function was assessed non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rat data were acquired using standard lethal measurement methods. L-lysine dose dependently delayed gastric emptying and stimulated GI secretion in rats as reflected by residual phenol red content and increased gastric wet weight. KEY RESULTS The dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying observed in rats was confirmed in humans with an increase in halftime of gastric emptying of 4 min/g L-lysine, p < 0.01. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in intestinal fluid accumulation was observed (0.4 mL/min/g L-lysine, p < 0.0001). No effect on alkaline tide, glucose concentration, hematocrit, or visceral sensations was detected. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This translational study demonstrates comparable dose-dependent effects of intragastric L-lysine on GI function in humans and rats and suggests a broader role for individual amino acids in the control of GI motility and secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baruffol
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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