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Jiang Y, Fang Z, Guthrie G, Stoll B, Chacko S, Lin S, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Dawson H, Pastor JJ, Ipharraguerre IR, Burrin DG. Selective Agonism of Liver and Gut FXR Prevents Cholestasis and Intestinal Atrophy in Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.03.611073. [PMID: 39282416 PMCID: PMC11398320 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.611073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to investigate the relative efficacy of feeding different bile acids in preventing PNALD in neonatal pigs. METHODS Newborn pigs given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) combined with minimal enteral feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), or increasing doses of obeticholic acid (OCA) for 19 days. RESULTS Enteral OCA (5 and 15 mg/kg), but not CDCA (30 mg/kg) reduced blood cholestasis markers compared to TPN controls and increased bile acids in the gallbladder and intestine. Major bile acids in the liver and distal intestine were CDCA, HCA, HDCA and OCA, and their relative proportions were increased by the type of bile acid (CDCA or OCA) given enterally. High doses of OCA increased the total NR1H4-agonistic bile acid profile in the liver and intestine above 50% total bile acids. Both CDCA and OCA treatments suppressed hepatic cyp7a1 expression, but only OCA increased hepatobiliary transporters, ABCB11, ABCC$ and ABCB1. Plasma phytosterol levels were reduced and biliary levels were increased by CDCA and OCA and hepatic sterol transporters, abcg5/8, expression were increased by OCA. Both CDCA and OCA increased plasma FGF19 and OCA increased intestinal FGF19, FABP6, and SLC51A. Both CDCA and OCA increased intestinal mucosal growth, whereas CDCA increased the plasma GLP-2, GLP-1 and GIP. CONCLUSIONS Enteral OCA prevented cholestasis and phytosterolemia by increased hepatic bile acid and sterol transport via induction of hepatobiliary transporter FXR target genes and not by suppression of bile acid synthesis genes. We also showed an intestinal trophic action of OCA that demonstrates a dual clinical benefit of FXR agonism in the prevention of PNALD in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Jiang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition Health (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Gregory Guthrie
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Barbara Stoll
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harry Dawson
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Jose J Pastor
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici Eureka, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignacio R Ipharraguerre
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6-8, D-24128, Kiel, Germany
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
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Khasanov R, Svoboda D, Tapia-Laliena MÁ, Kohl M, Maas-Omlor S, Hagl CI, Wessel LM, Schäfer KH. Muscle hypertrophy and neuroplasticity in the small bowel in short bowel syndrome. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:391-405. [PMID: 37395792 PMCID: PMC10624713 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a severe, life-threatening condition and one of the leading causes of intestinal failure in children. Here we were interested in changes in muscle layers and especially in the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the small bowel in the context of intestinal adaptation. Twelve rats underwent a massive resection of the small intestine to induce SBS. Sham laparotomy without small bowel transection was performed in 10 rats. Two weeks after surgery, the remaining jejunum and ileum were harvested and studied. Samples of human small bowel were obtained from patients who underwent resection of small bowel segments due to a medical indication. Morphological changes in the muscle layers and the expression of nestin, a marker for neuronal plasticity, were studied. Following SBS, muscle tissue increases significantly in both parts of the small bowel, i.e., jejunum and ileum. The leading pathophysiological mechanism of these changes is hypertrophy. Additionally, we observed an increased nestin expression in the myenteric plexus in the remaining bowel with SBS. Our human data also showed that in patients with SBS, the proportion of stem cells in the myenteric plexus had risen by more than twofold. Our findings suggest that the ENS is tightly connected to changes in intestinal muscle layers and is critically involved in the process of intestinal adaptation to SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasul Khasanov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Daniel Svoboda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - María Ángeles Tapia-Laliena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Kohl
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silke Maas-Omlor
- Enteric Nervous System Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Cornelia Irene Hagl
- Carl Remigius Medical School, Charles de Gaulle Str. 2, 81737, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas M Wessel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Enteric Nervous System Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
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3
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Yang WJ, Han FH, Gu YP, Qu H, Liu J, Shen JH, Leng Y. TGR5 agonist inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via cAMP/PKA/c-FLIP/JNK signaling pathway and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1649-1664. [PMID: 36997665 PMCID: PMC10374578 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) is a crucial cause of disrupted epithelium homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The regulation of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) in IEC apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear, and the direct evidence from selective TGR5 agonists for the treatment of UC is also lacking. Here, we synthesized a potent and selective TGR5 agonist OM8 with high distribution in intestinal tract and investigated its effect on IEC apoptosis and UC treatment. We showed that OM8 potently activated hTGR5 and mTGR5 with EC50 values of 202 ± 55 nM and 74 ± 17 nM, respectively. After oral administration, a large amount of OM8 was maintained in intestinal tract with very low absorption into the blood. In DSS-induced colitis mice, oral administration of OM8 alleviated colitis symptoms, pathological changes and impaired tight junction proteins expression. In addition to enhancing intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation, OM8 administration significantly reduced the rate of apoptotic cells in colonic epithelium in colitis mice. The direct inhibition by OM8 on IEC apoptosis was further demonstrated in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells in vitro. In HT-29 cells, we demonstrated that silencing TGR5, inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA) all blocked the suppression of JNK phosphorylation induced by OM8, thus abolished its antagonizing effect against TNF-α induced apoptosis, suggesting that the inhibition by OM8 on IEC apoptosis was mediated via activation of TGR5 and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Further studies showed that OM8 upregulated cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression in a TGR5-dependent manner in HT-29 cells. Knockdown of c-FLIP blocked the inhibition by OM8 on TNF-α induced JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis, suggesting that c-FLIP was indispensable for the suppression of OM8 on IEC apoptosis induced by OM8. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a new mechanism of TGR5 agonist on inhibiting IEC apoptosis via cAMP/PKA/c-FLIP/JNK signaling pathway in vitro, and highlighted the value of TGR5 agonist as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang-Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Pei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Bettag J, Po L, Cunningham C, Tallam R, Kurashima K, Nagarapu A, Hutchinson C, Morfin S, Nazzal M, Lin CJ, Mathur A, Aurora R, Jain AK. Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Mitigating Complications in Short Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:4660. [PMID: 36364922 PMCID: PMC9658734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a particularly serious condition in which the small intestine does not absorb sufficient nutrients for biological needs, resulting in severe illness and potentially death if not treated. Given the important role of the gut in many signaling cascades throughout the body, SBS results in disruption of many pathways and imbalances in various hormones. Due to the inability to meet sufficient nutritional needs, an intravenous form of nutrition, total parental nutrition (TPN), is administered. However, TPN presents difficulties such as severe liver injury and altered signaling secondary to the continued lack of luminal contents. This manuscript aims to summarize relevant studies into the systemic effects of TPN on systems such as the gut-brain, gut-lung, and gut-liver axis, as well as present novel therapeutics currently under use or investigation as mitigation strategies for TPN induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Bettag
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Loren Po
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Cassius Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rahul Tallam
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Kento Kurashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Aakash Nagarapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chelsea Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Sylvia Morfin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Mustafa Nazzal
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chien-Jung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Amit Mathur
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Ajay K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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5
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Kim ER, Park JS, Kim JH, Oh JY, Oh IJ, Choi DH, Lee YS, Park IS, Kim S, Lee DH, Cheon JH, Bae JW, Lee M, Cho JW, An IB, Nam EJ, Yang SI, Lee MS, Bae SH, Lee YH. A GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor dual agonist to treat NASH: Targeting the gut-liver axis and microbiome. Hepatology 2022; 75:1523-1538. [PMID: 34773257 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Currently there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved drug to treat NAFLD and NASH, the rates of which are increasing worldwide. Although NAFLD/NASH are highly complex and heterogeneous conditions, most pharmacotherapy pipelines focus on a single mechanistic target. Considering the importance of the gut-liver axis in their pathogenesis, we investigated the therapeutic effect of a long-acting dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 receptors in mice with NAFLD/NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet/high fructose and sucrose solution. After 16 weeks, mice were randomly allocated to receive vehicle, GLP1-Fc, GLP2-Fc, or GLP1/2-Fc fusion (GLP1/2-Fc) subcutaneously every 2 days for 4 weeks. Body weight was monitored, insulin/glucose tolerance tests were performed, feces were collected, and microbiome profiles were analyzed. Immobilized cell systems were used to evaluate direct peptide effect. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, immunoblot analysis, tunnel assay, and biochemical assays were performed to assess drug effects on inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, cell death, and intestinal structures. The mice had well-developed NASH phenotypes. GLP1/2-Fc reduced body weight, glucose levels, hepatic triglyceride levels, and cellular apoptosis. It improved liver fibrosis, insulin sensitivity, and intestinal tight junctions, and increased microvillus height, crypt depth, and goblet cells of intestine compared with a vehicle group. Similar effects of GLP1/2-Fc were found in in vitro cell systems. GLP1/2-Fc also changed microbiome profiles. We applied fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gain further insight into the mechanism of GLP1/2-Fc-mediated protection. We confirmed that FMT exerted an additive effect on GLP1-Fc group, including the body weight change, liver weight, hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS A long-acting dual agonist of GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ran Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Graduate SchoolYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Institute of Endocrine ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Institute of Endocrine ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - In Jeong Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Da Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yu Seol Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of GastroenterologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - SeungWon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of GastroenterologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of GastroenterologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical SciencesKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems BiologyGlycosylation Network Research CenterYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - In Bok An
- Research InstituteSL MetaGenSeoulKorea
| | | | | | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Institute of Endocrine ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science InstituteYonsei Biomedical Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Graduate SchoolYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Graduate SchoolYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Institute of Endocrine ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Systems BiologyGlycosylation Network Research CenterYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
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Lee MD, Ipharraguerre IR, Arsenault RJ, Lyte M, Lyte JM, Humphrey B, Angel R, Korver DR. Informal nutrition symposium: leveraging the microbiome (and the metabolome) for poultry production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101588. [PMID: 34933222 PMCID: PMC8703059 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of gut microbiology of poultry has advanced from a limited ability to culture relatively few microbial species, to attempting to understand the complex interactions between the bird and its microbiome. The Informal Nutrition Symposium 2021 was intended to help poultry scientists to make sense of the implications of the vast amounts of information being generated by researchers. This paper represents a compilation of the talks given at the symposium by leading international researchers in this field. The symposium began with an overview of the historical developments in the field of intestinal microbiology and microbiome research in poultry. Next, the systemic effects of the microbiome on health in the context of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system were presented. Because the microbiome and the host communicate and influence each other, the novel field of kinomics (the study of protein phosphorylation) as used in the study of the poultry microbiome was discussed. Protein phosphorylation is a rapid response to the complex of signals among the microbiome, intestinal lumen metabolites, and the host. Then, a description of why an understanding of the role of microbial endocrinology in poultry production can lead to new understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and the host can interact in defined mechanisms that ultimately determine health, pathogenesis of infectious disease, and behavior was given. Finally, a view forward was presented underscoring the importance of understanding mechanisms in microbiomes in other organ systems and other species. Additionally, the importance of the development of new -omics platforms and data management tools to more completely understand host microbiomes was stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margie D Lee
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA 19716
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Douglas R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
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Wang Y, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Yao D, Huang Y, Liu B, Duan Y, Li Y. Review article: insights into the bile acid-gut microbiota axis in intestinal failure-associated liver disease-redefining the treatment approach. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:49-63. [PMID: 34713470 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) increases mortality of patients with intestinal failure (IF), but lacks effective prevention or treatment approaches. Bile acids, gut microbiota and the host have close and complex interactions, which play a central role in modulating host immune and metabolic homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that derangement of the bile acid-gut microbiota (BA-GM) axis contributes to the development of IFALD. AIMS To review the BA-GM axis in the pathogenesis and clinical applications of IFALD, and to explore future directions for effective disease management. METHODS We conducted a literature search on bile acid and gut microbiota in IF and liver diseases. RESULTS The BA-GM axis demonstrates a unique IF signature manifesting as an increase in primary-to-secondary bile acids ratio, disturbed enterohepatic circulation, blunted bile acid signalling pathways, gut microbial dysbiosis, and altered microbial metabolic outputs. Bile acids and gut microbiota shape the compositional and functional alterations of each other in IF; collaboratively, they promote immune dysfunction and metabolic aberration in the liver. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting the BA-GM axis showed promising potential in the management of IFALD. CONCLUSIONS Bile acids and gut microbiota play a central role in the development of IFALD and make attractive biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. A multitarget, individualised therapy aiming at different parts of the BA-GM axis may provide optimal clinical benefits and requires future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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8
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Shi Y, Leng Y, Liu D, Liu X, Ren Y, Zhang J, Chen F. Research Advances in Protective Effects of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid Against Gastrointestinal Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:413-435. [PMID: 33622215 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract plays an essential role in protecting tissues from the invasion of external harmful substances due to impaired barrier function. Furthermore, it participates in immunomodulation by intestinal microorganisms, which is important in health. When the intestinal tract is destroyed, it can lose its protective function, resulting in multiple systemic complications. In severe cases, it may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thus far, there are no curative therapies for intestinal mucosal barrier injury, other than a few drugs that can relieve symptoms. Thus, the development of novel curative agents for gastrointestinal diseases remains a challenge. Ursolic acid (UA) and its isomer, Oleanolic acid (OA), are pentacyclic triterpene acid compounds. Both their aglycone and glycoside forms have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, anticancer, antidiabetic, cardio protective, hepatoprotective, and anti-neurodegenerative properties in living organisms. In recent years, several studies have shown that UA and OA can reduce the risk of intestinal pathological injury, alleviate intestinal dysfunction, and restore intestinal barrier function. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of UA and OA on intestinal damage and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Disheng Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Burrin D, Sangild PT, Stoll B, Thymann T, Buddington R, Marini J, Olutoye O, Shulman RJ. Translational Advances in Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology: New Insights from Pig Models. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2020; 8:321-354. [PMID: 32069436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are increasingly important animals for modeling human pediatric nutrition and gastroenterology and complementing mechanistic studies in rodents. The comparative advantages in size and physiology of the neonatal pig have led to new translational and clinically relevant models of important diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver in premature infants. Studies in pigs have established the essential roles of prematurity, microbial colonization, and enteral nutrition in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Studies in neonatal pigs have demonstrated the intestinal trophic effects of akey gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), and its role in the intestinal adaptation process and efficacy in the treatment of short bowel syndrome. Further, pigs have been instrumental in elucidating the physiology of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and the means by which phytosterols, fibroblast growth factor 19, and a new generation of lipid emulsions may modify disease. The premature pig will continue to be a valuable model in the development of optimal infant diets (donor human milk, colostrum), specific milk bioactives (arginine, growth factors), gut microbiota modifiers (pre-, pro-, and antibiotics), pharmaceutical drugs (GLP-2 analogs, FXR agonists), and novel diagnostic tools (near-infrared spectroscopy) to prevent and treat these pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C., Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Stoll
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C., Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randal Buddington
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Juan Marini
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Oluyinka Olutoye
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robert J Shulman
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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10
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Hunt JE, Billeschou A, Windeløv JA, Hartmann B, Ullmer C, Holst JJ, Kissow H. Pharmacological activation of TGR5 promotes intestinal growth via a GLP-2-dependent pathway in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G980-G987. [PMID: 32308039 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00062.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and -2-secreting L cells have been shown to express the bile acid receptor Takeda G protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) and increase secretion upon receptor activation. Previous studies have explored GLP-1 secretion following acute TGR5 activation, but chronic activation and GLP-2 responses have not been characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the consequences of pharmacological TGR5 receptor activation on L cell hormone production in vivo using the specific TGR5 agonist RO5527239 and the GLP-2 receptor knockout mouse. Here, we show that 1) TGR5 receptor activation led to increased GLP-1 and GLP-2 content in the colon, which 2) was associated with an increased small intestinal weight that 3) was GLP-2 dependent. Additionally, we report that TGR5-mediated gallbladder filling occurred independently of GLP-2 signaling. In conclusion, we demonstrate that pharmacological TGR5 receptor activation stimulates L cells, triggering GLP-2-dependent intestinal adaption in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using the specific Takeda G protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist RO5527239 and GLP-2 receptor knockout mice, we show that activation of TGR5 led to the increase in colonic GLP-1 and GLP-2 concomitant with a GLP-2 dependent growth response in the proximal portion of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Elizabeth Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Billeschou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Agerlin Windeløv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Limited, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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