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Abu-Baih DH, Gomaa AAR, Abdel-Wahab NM, Abdelaleem ER, Zaher AMA, Hassan NF, Bringmann G, Abdelmohsen UR, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Mokhtar FA, Abdelwahab MF. Apium extract alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats via modulating the VEGF and IK-κB/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway: insights from in silico and in vivo investigations. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38355510 PMCID: PMC10865661 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric ulcers represent a worldwide health problem, characterized by erosions that affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and may even reach the muscular layer, leading to serious complications. Numerous natural products have been assessed as anti-ulcerogenic agents, and have been considered as new approaches for treatment or prevention of gastric ulcers. The present research investigated the preventive benefits of Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae), known as celery, seed extract towards indomethacin-induced ulceration of the stomach in rats. METHODS Metabolomic profiling, employing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS), was implemented with the aim of investigating the chemical profile of the seeds. Histopathological analysis of gastric tissues, as well as assessment of numerous inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators, confirmed the in vivo evaluation. RESULTS The prior treatment with A. graveolens seed extract resulted in a substantial reduction in the ulcer index when compared to the indomethacin group, indicating an improvement in stomach mucosal injury. Moreover, the gastroprotective effect was demonstrated through examination of the oxidative stress biomarkers which was significantly attenuated upon pre-treatment with A. graveolens seed extract. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a fundamental angiogenic factor that stimulates angiogenesis, was markedly inhibited by indomethacin. A. graveolens seed extract restored this diminished level of VEGF. The dramatic reductions in NF-κB protein levels indicate a considerable attenuation of the indomethacin-induced IKκB/NF-κB p65 signaling cascade. These activities were also correlated to the tentatively featured secondary metabolites including, phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids, previously evidenced to exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to our network pharmacology study, the identified metabolites annotated 379 unique genes, among which only 17 genes were related to gastric ulcer. The PTGS2, MMP2 and PTGS1 were the top annotated genes related to gastric ulcer. The top biological pathway was the VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSION A. graveolens seed extract possesses significant anti-ulcer activity, similar to famotidine, against gastric lesions induced by indomethacin in rats. It is worth highlighting that the extract overcomes the negative effects of conventional chemical anti-secretory drugs because it does not lower stomach acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H Abu-Baih
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, 61111, Egypt
| | | | | | - Enas Reda Abdelaleem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel Zaher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, 61111, Egypt.
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Fujairah Research Centre, Sakamkam Road, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Miada F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Oncel S, Basson MD. Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1725-1750. [PMID: 35633906 PMCID: PMC9099196 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i17.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis, which depends upon the balance between mucosal injury by destructive factors and healing via protective factors. The persistence of noxious agents such as acid, pepsin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or Helicobacter pylori breaks down the mucosal barrier and injury occurs. Depending upon the size and site of the wound, it is healed by complex and overlapping processes involving membrane resealing, cell spreading, purse-string contraction, restitution, differentiation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis, each modulated by extracellular regulators. Unfortunately, the gut does not always heal, leading to such pathology as peptic ulcers or inflammatory bowel disease. Currently available therapeutics such as proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylate, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants all attempt to minimize or reduce injury to the gastrointestinal tract. More recent studies have focused on improving mucosal defense or directly promoting mucosal repair. Many investigations have sought to enhance mucosal defense by stimulating mucus secretion, mucosal blood flow, or tight junction function. Conversely, new attempts to directly promote mucosal repair target proteins that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics such as tubulin, talin, Ehm2, filamin-a, gelsolin, and flightless I or that proteins regulate focal adhesions dynamics such as focal adhesion kinase. This article summarizes the pathobiology of gastrointestinal mucosal healing and reviews potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Oncel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
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Saaed HK, Chiggiato L, Webb DL, Rehnberg AS, Rubio CA, Befrits R, Hellström PM. Elevated gaseous luminal nitric oxide and circulating IL-8 as features of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:8116. [PMID: 34754406 PMCID: PMC8559587 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested as a biomarker of inflammation and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between gastric [NO], immunological biomarkers and histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in 96 dyspepsia patients. Luminal [NO] was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture and histopathology. H. pylori IgG was detected by immunoblot assay. Biobanked plasma from 76 dyspepsia patients (11 H. pylori positives) was analyzed for 39 cytokines by multiplexed ELISA. RESULTS H. pylori-positive patients had higher [NO] (336 ± 26 ppb, mean ± 95% CI, n = 77) than H. pylori-negative patients (128 ± 47 ppb, n = 19) (P < 0.0001). Histopathological changes were found in 99% of H. pylori-positive and 37% of H. pylori-negative patients. Histopathological concordance was 78-100% between corpus and antrum. Correlations were found between gastric [NO] and severity of acute, but not chronic, inflammation. Plasma IL-8 (increased in H. pylori positives) had greatest difference between positive and negative groups, with eotaxin, MIP-1β, MCP-4, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C also higher (P < 0.004 to P < 0.032). Diagnostic odds ratios using 75% cut-off concentration were 7.53 for IL-8, 1.15 for CRP, and 2.88 for gastric NO. CONCLUSIONS Of the parameters tested, increased gastric [NO] and circulating IL-8 align most consistently and selectively in H. pylori-infected patients. Severity of mucosal inflammatory changes is proportional to luminal [NO], which might be tied to IL-8 production. It is proposed that IL-8 be further investigated as a blood biomarker of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa K Saaed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Chiggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Rehnberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Befrits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Xu X, Xia X, Zhang K, Rai A, Li Z, Zhao P, Wei K, Zou L, Yang B, Wong WK, Chiu PWY, Bian L. Bioadhesive hydrogels demonstrating pH-independent and ultrafast gelation promote gastric ulcer healing in pigs. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/558/eaba8014. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft materials used in an array of biomedical applications. However, the in situ formation of hydrogels at target sites, particularly in dynamic in vivo environments, usually requires a prolonged gelation time and results in poor adhesion. These limitations cause considerable loss of both hydrogel mass and encapsulated therapeutic cargoes, thereby compromising treatment outcomes. Here, we report the development of a hydrogel based on thiourea-catechol reaction to enhance the bioadhesion. Compared with classical bioadhesive hydrogels, our hydrogels show enhanced mechanical properties, exceedingly short curing time, and pH-independent gelation with a much lower oxidant concentration. We further report the robust adhesion of our hydrogels to acidic gastric tissues and easy delivery to the porcine stomach via endoscopy. The delivered hydrogels adhered to ulcer sites in vivo for at least 48 hours. Hydrogel treatment of gastric ulcers in rodent and porcine models accelerated ulcer healing by suppressing inflammation and promoting re-epithelization and angiogenesis. The improved retention of proregenerative growth factors and reduced exposure to external catabolic factors after hydrogel application may contribute to the observed therapeutic outcomes. Our findings reveal a promising biomaterial-based approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xianfeng Xia
- Department of Endoscopy, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aliza Rai
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Pengchao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Orthpaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wai-Ki Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Philip Wai-Yan Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
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VEGFR Recognition Interface of a Proangiogenic VEGF-Mimetic Peptide Determined In Vitro and in the Presence of Endothelial Cells by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2018; 24:11461-11466. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Celentano V, Diana D, Festa L, Di Stasi R, De Rosa L, Fattorusso R, D'Andrea LD. Unveiling a VEGF-mimetic peptide sequence in the IQGAP1 protein. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1619-1629. [PMID: 28685787 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modulate angiogenesis by chemical tools has several important applications in different scientific fields. With the perspective of finding novel proangiogenic molecules, we searched peptide sequences with a chemical profile similar to that of the QK peptide, a well described VEGF mimetic peptide. We found that residues 1617-1627 of the IQGAP1 protein show molecular features similar to those of the QK peptide sequence. The IQGAP1-derived synthetic peptide was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and its biological activity was characterized in endothelial cells. These studies showed that this IQGAP1-derived peptide has a biological activity similar to that of VEGF and could be considered as a novel tool for reparative angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Capasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Veronica Celentano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Luisa Festa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Stasi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luca D D'Andrea
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
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7
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Alese MO, Adewole SO, Akinwunmi KF, Omonisi AE, Alese OO. Aspirin-Induced Gastric Lesions Alters EGFR and PECAM-1 Immunoreactivity in Wistar Rats: Modulatory Action of Flavonoid Fraction of Musa Paradisiaca. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:569-577. [PMID: 28932294 PMCID: PMC5591583 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor and Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 were localised to investigate the healing effects of a flavonoid-rich fraction of M. paradisiaca fruit in the gastric corpus of Wistar rats following aspirin-induced gastric lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mature, unripe fruits of M. paradisiaca were peeled; air dried, pulverised, extracted with 70% methanol, concentrated and partitioned. Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 15 rats each. The gastric lesion was induced in groups B, C, D, E and F rats by administration of 400 mg/kg aspirin in distilled water. Group A received distilled water. After 24 hours, flavonoid fraction of M. paradisiaca was administered to groups C, D and E at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Group F rats received omeprazole at 1.8 mg/kg for 21 days. Five rats from each group were anaesthetized with ketamine on days 14, 21 and 28. Gastric tissues were excised and fixed in Neutral buffered formalin. This was followed by paraffin wax embedding method and sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin and for immunolocalisation of EGFR and PECAM-1. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the ulcer index in the corpus of control and treated rats throughout the experimental period (p = 0.0001). H&E stained sections showed a gradual restoration of the epithelial lining in the treated groups. Immunohistochemical examination showed that M. paradisiaca significantly increased (p < 0.05) reactivity for both EGFR and CD31 across the treatment groups. CONCLUSION The efficacy of Musa paradisiaca in attenuating the damaging effects of aspirin on the gastric mucosa was observed as there was a significantly increased reactivity for EGFR and PECAM-1 in the gastric corpus in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kemi Feyisayo Akinwunmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi Emmanuel Omonisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole Ojo Alese
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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9
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Pignataro G, Ziaco B, Tortiglione A, Gala R, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Lapi D, Mastantuono T, Anzilotti S, D’Andrea LD, Pedone C, di Renzo G, Annunziato L, Cataldi M. Neuroprotective Effect of VEGF-Mimetic Peptide QK in Experimental Brain Ischemia Induced in Rat by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1517-25. [PMID: 26173041 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the VEGF-mimetic peptide, QK, on ischemic brain damage and on blood-brain barrier permeability in the rat. QK administered by the intracerebroventricular, intravenous, or intranasal route caused a 40% decrease in ischemic brain damage induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery relative to that in controls. No increase in the volume of the ischemic hemisphere compared to that of the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere was observed in rats treated with QK, suggesting that this peptide did not cause brain edema. The effect of QK on vessel permeability was evaluated by intravital pial microvessel videoimaging, a technique that allows the pial vessels to be visualized through a surgically prepared open cranial window. The results showed that QK did not cause any leakage of intravenously injected fluorescein-dextran conjugates after intracarotid administration or topical application to the brain cortex. Collectively, these data suggest that QK may exert neuroprotective activity in the context of stroke without promoting any increase in vascular permeability. Because VEGF's neuroprotective activity may be overshadowed by the appearance of brain edema and microbleeds, QK could represent a significant step forward in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Ziaco
- Institute
of Biostructure and Bioimaging, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Domenico D’Andrea
- Institute
of Biostructure and Bioimaging, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedone
- Institute
of Biostructure and Bioimaging, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy
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Epithelial MUC1 promotes cell migration, reduces apoptosis and affects levels of mucosal modulators during acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)-induced gastropathy. Biochem J 2015; 465:423-31. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20140617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MUC1, a transmembrane mucin highly expressed in the stomach, is up-regulated after acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) intake in humans and mice. Epithelial Muc1/MUC1 facilitates mucosal wound healing by enhancing cell migration and proliferation, protecting against apoptosis and mediating expression of mucosal modulators.
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11
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Tarnawski AS, Ahluwalia A, Jones MK. Angiogenesis in gastric mucosa: an important component of gastric erosion and ulcer healing and its impairment in aging. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29 Suppl 4:112-23. [PMID: 25521743 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis (also referred to as neovascularization-formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels) is a fundamental process essential for healing of tissue injury and ulcers because regeneration of blood microvessels is a critical requirement for oxygen and nutrient delivery to the healing site. This review article updates the current views on angiogenesis in gastric mucosa following injury and during ulcer healing, its sequential events, the underlying mechanisms, and the impairment of angiogenesis in aging gastric mucosa. We focus on the time sequence and ultrastructural features of angiogenesis, hypoxia as a trigger, role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling (VEGF), serum response factor, Cox2 and prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and importin. Recent reports indicate that gastric mucosa of aging humans and experimental animals exhibits increased susceptibility to injury and delayed healing. Gastric mucosa of aging rats has increased susceptibility to injury by a variety of damaging agents such as ethanol, aspirin, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because of structural and functional abnormalities including: reduced gastric mucosal blood flow, hypoxia, reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin, and increased expression of early growth response protein 1 (egr-1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Until recently, postnatal neovascularization was assumed to occur solely through angiogenesis sprouting of endothelial cells and formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. New studies in the last decade have challenged this paradigm and indicate that in some tissues, including gastric mucosa, the homing of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells to the site of injury can also contribute to neovascularization by a process termed vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Tarnawski
- Veterans Administration Long Beach Healthcare System, 5901 E. Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA; The University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Chen L, Chen Y, Fan Q, Han QL, Tang HL, Li J, Yang CM. Effect of persistent positive acceleration on the quality of ulcer healing in rats with experimental gastric ulcer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1841-1846. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i19.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of positive acceleration (+Gz) on gastric ulcer healing in rats and to explore the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into a control group, a +5Gz exposure group, a +10Gz exposure group, and a +10Gz exposure plus KangFuXin solution group. Gastric ulcer was induced in rats with acetic acid. After 3 d, rats in the latter three groups were exposed to +Gz each other day for 1 wk (four times in all, five minutes each time). The rats in the +10Gz exposure plus KangFuXin solution group were additionally gavaged with 2 mL of KangFuXin solution every day for 1 wk. Tissue and bloods samples were taken to detect the contents of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the gastric mucosa and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in blood by radioimmunoassay and the content of nitric oxide (NO) in blood by nitrate reductase assay.
RESULTS: The higher +Gz, the thinner restored mucosa thickness and the more the number of cystically dilated glands. The contents of PGE2 in the gastric mucosa were significantly lower in the +10Gz exposure group than in the +5Gz exposure group, control group, and +10Gz exposure plus KangFuXin solution group (3.438 pg/mL ± 0.908 pg/mL vs 5.147 pg/mL ± 0.652 pg/mL, 6.986 pg/mL ± 0.743 pg/mL, 6.133 pg/mL ± 0.545 pg/mL, all P < 0.01). The contents of CGRP in blood were significantly lower in the +10Gz exposure group than in the +5Gz exposure group, control group, and +10Gz exposure plus KangFuXin solution group (62.254 pg/mL ± 15.943 pg/mL vs 78.333 pg/mL ± 11.290 pg/mL, 82.583 pg/mL ± 11.788 pg/mL, 78.455 pg/mL±12.645 pg/mL, all P < 0.05). The contents of NO in blood were significantly lower in the +10Gz exposure group than in the +5Gz exposure group, control group, and +10Gz exposure plus KangFuXin solution group (44.773 μmol/L ± 6.858 μmol/L vs 47.783 μmol/L ± 2.847 μmol/L, 53.806 μmol/L ± 9.272 μmol/L, 53.853 μmol/L ± 7.372 μmol/L, all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Positive acceleration delays gastric ulcer healing in rats, and treatment with KangFuXin Solution can improve the quality of ulcer healing.
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Dharmani P, De Simone C, Chadee K. The probiotic mixture VSL#3 accelerates gastric ulcer healing by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58671. [PMID: 23484048 PMCID: PMC3590171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies assessing the effect and mechanism of probiotics on diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GI) including gastric ulcers are limited despite extensive work and promising results of this therapeutic option for other GI diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which the probiotic mixture VSL#3 (a mixture of eight probiotic bacteria including Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus species) heals acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats. VSL#3 was administered orally at low (6×109 bacteria) or high (1.2×1010 bacteria) dosages from day 3 after ulcer induction for 14 consecutive days. VSL#3 treatments significantly enhanced gastric ulcer healing in a dose-dependent manner. To assess the mechanism(s) whereby VSL#3 exerted its protective effects, we quantified the gene expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein and expression of stomach mucin-Muc5ac, regulatory cytokine-IL-10, COX-2 and various growth factors. Of all the components examined, only expression and protein production of VEGF was increased 332-fold on day 7 in the ulcerated tissues of animals treated with VSL#3. Predictably, animals treated with VEGF neutralizing antibody significantly delayed gastric ulcer healing in VSL#3 treated animals. This is the first report to demonstrate high efficacy of the probiotic mixture VSL#3 in enhancing gastric ulcer healing. Probiotic efficacy was effective at higher concentrations of VSL#3 by specifically increasing the expression and production of angiogenesis promoting growth factors, primarily VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Dharmani
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claudio De Simone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Diana D, Di Stasi R, De Rosa L, Isernia C, D'Andrea LD, Fattorusso R. Structural investigation of the VEGF receptor interaction with a helical antagonist peptide. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:214-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16; Napoli; Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stasi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16; Napoli; Italy
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16; Napoli; Italy
| | - Carla Isernia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali; Seconda Università di Napoli; Via Vivaldi 43; Caserta; Italy
| | - Luca D. D'Andrea
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16; Napoli; Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali; Seconda Università di Napoli; Via Vivaldi 43; Caserta; Italy
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15
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C-terminal truncation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mimetic helical peptide preserves structural and receptor binding properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:290-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Finetti F, Basile A, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Di Stasi R, Pascale M, Turco CM, Ziche M, Morbidelli L, D'Andrea LD. Functional and pharmacological characterization of a VEGF mimetic peptide on reparative angiogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:303-11. [PMID: 22554565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Low molecular weight molecules able to stimulate angiogenesis have interesting medical application for example in regenerative medicine, but at present none has reached the clinic. We reported that a VEGF mimetic helical peptide, QK, designed on the VEGF helix sequence 17-25, is able to bind and activate the VEGF receptors, producing angiogenesis. In this study we evaluate the pharmacological properties of peptide QK with the aim to propose it as a VEGF-mimetic drug to be employed in reparative angiogenesis. We show that the peptide QK is able to recapitulate all the biological activities of VEGF in vivo and on endothelial cells. In experiments evaluating sprouting from aortic ring and vessel formation in an in vivo angiogenesis model, the peptide QK showed biological effects comparable with VEGF. At endothelial level, the peptide up-regulates VEGF receptor expression, activates intracellular pathways depending on VEGFR2, and consistently it induces endothelial cell proliferation, survival and migration. When added to angiogenic factors (VEGF and/or FGF-2), QK produces an improved biological action, which resulted in reduced apoptosis and accelerated in vitro wound healing. The VEGF-like activity of the short peptide QK, characterized by lower cost of production and easier handling compared to the native glycoprotein, suggests that it is an attractive candidate to be further developed for application in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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17
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Chin LC, Kumar P, Palmer JA, Rophael JA, Dolderer JH, Thomas GPL, Morrison WA, Penington AJ, Stewart AG, Mitchell GM. The influence of nitric oxide synthase 2 on cutaneous wound angiogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165:1223-35. [PMID: 21895624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible nitric oxide synthase (nitric oxide synthase 2, NOS 2) inhibition significantly suppresses chronically ischaemic skin flap survival, possibly because of reduced angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of genetic NOS 2 inhibition on cutaneous wound angiogenesis in two in vivo murine models. The impact of NOS 2 manipulation on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A stimulated and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 stimulated angiogenesis was also investigated in the Matrigel(®) plug assay. METHODS (i) Matrigel plugs/incisional wounds: two groups of NOS 2-/- mice and two groups of wild-type (WT) mice had bilateral Matrigel plugs containing 500 ng mL(-1) VEGF-A or 1000 ng mL(-1) FGF-2 injected subcutaneously in the abdomen. A 2·5 cm long dorsal incisional skin wound was created and sutured closed in the same animals. Wounds and plugs were explored at 7 or 12 days. (ii) Excisional wounds: dorsal 0·5 × 1·0 cm excisional skin wounds were created in four groups (two NOS 2-/- and two WT) and explored at 7 or 14 days. Wounds and Matrigel plugs were examined histologically and morphometrically for determination of percentage vascular volume (PVV). RESULTS The PVV in NOS 2-/- incisional wounds and excisional wounds was significantly less than in WT wounds (P = 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). The PVV was significantly less in VEGF-A stimulated Matrigel plugs compared with FGF-2 stimulated plugs in NOS 2-/- mice (P < 0·01), but not in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS NOS 2 is significantly involved in angiogenic signalling in healing skin wounds, particularly within the first 7 days. However, Matrigel plug vascularization suggests that the role of NOS 2 in angiogenesis is related to VEGF-A but not FGF-2 stimulated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chin
- The O'Brien Institute and University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery at St Vincent's Hospital, 42 Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy, Vic. 3065, Australia
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Chan TR, Stahl PJ, Yu SM. Matrix-Bound VEGF Mimetic Peptides: Design and Endothelial Cell Activation in Collagen Scaffolds. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2011; 21:4252-4262. [PMID: 26312060 PMCID: PMC4547390 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Long term survival and success of artificial tissue constructs depend greatly on vascularization. Endothelial cell (EC) differentiation and vasculature formation are dependent on spatio-temporal cues in the extracellular matrix that dynamically interact with cells, a process difficult to reproduce in artificial systems. Here we present a novel bifunctional peptide that mimics matrix-bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be used to encode spatially controlled angiogenic signals in collagen scaffolds. The peptide is comprised of a collagen mimetic domain that was previously reported to bind to type I collagen by a unique hybridization mechanism, and a VEGF mimetic domain with pro-angiogenic activity. Circular dichroism and collagen binding studies confirm the triple helical structure and the collagen binding affinity of the collagen mimetic domain, and EC culture studies demonstrate the peptide's ability to induce endothelial cell morphogenesis and network formation as a matrix-bound factor in 2D and 3D collagen scaffolds. We also show spatial modification of collagen substrates with this peptide that allows localized EC activation and network formation. These results demonstrate that the peptide can be used to present spatially directed angiogenic cues in collagen scaffolds, which may be useful for engineering organized microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania R. Chan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
| | - Patrick J. Stahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
| | - S. Michael Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 (USA)
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Diana D, Basile A, De Rosa L, Di Stasi R, Auriemma S, Arra C, Pedone C, Turco MC, Fattorusso R, D'Andrea LD. β-hairpin peptide that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors: design, NMR characterization, and biological activity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41680-41691. [PMID: 21969375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.257402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF receptors have been the target of intense research aimed to develop molecules able to inhibit or stimulate angiogenesis. Based on the x-ray structure of the complex placental growth factor-VEGF receptor 1(D2), we designed a VEGF receptor-binding peptide reproducing the placental growth factor β-hairpin region Gln(87)-Val(100) that is involved in receptor recognition. A conformational analysis showed that the designed peptide adopts the expected fold in pure water. Moreover, a combination of NMR interaction analysis and cell binding studies were used to demonstrate that the peptide targets VEGF receptors. The VEGF receptor 1(D2)-interacting residues were characterized at the molecular level, and they correspond to the residues recognizing the placental growth factor sequence Gln(87)-Val(100). Finally, the peptide biological activity was characterized in vitro and in vivo, and it showed a VEGF-like behavior. Indeed, the peptide activated VEGF-dependent intracellular pathways, induced endothelial cell proliferation and rescue from apoptosis, and promoted angiogenesis in vivo. This compound is one of the few peptides known with proangiogenic activity, which makes it a candidate for the development of a novel peptide-based drug for medical applications in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Lucia De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Stasi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Auriemma
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale," via Mariano Semmola 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Pedone
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Seconda Università di Napoli, via Antonio Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luca Domenico D'Andrea
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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Di Stasi R, Diana D, Capasso D, Palumbo R, Romanelli A, Pedone C, Fattorusso R, D'Andrea LD. VEGFR1(D2) in drug discovery: Expression and molecular characterization. Biopolymers 2011; 94:800-9. [PMID: 20564033 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor. Its biological activity is mediated by the binding to the extracellular domain of two tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors: VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Deletion studies showed that VEGF binding site resides in the first three domains of VEGFR1 and in domains 2 and 3 of VEGFR2. In particular, the second extracellular domain of VEGFR1 (VEGFR1(D2)) contains most of the VEGF binding requirements. Here, we report an efficient expression protocol and the molecular characterization by spectroscopic techniques of VEGFR1(D2). The protein was expressed in E. coli and refolded from inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein assumes the correct fold as assessed by a combination of biochemical and functional assays as well as by NMR characterization. Furthermore, the recombinant VEGFR1(D2) was analyzed by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The protein obtained by this procedure is suitable for the structural characterization of the complexes with receptor binders and to be used in interaction/screening studies.
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Shibuya A, Onda K, Kawahara H, Uchiyama Y, Nakayama H, Omi T, Nagaoka M, Matsui H, Hirano T. Sofalcone, a gastric mucosa protective agent, increases vascular endothelial growth factor via the Nrf2-heme-oxygenase-1 dependent pathway in gastric epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:581-4. [PMID: 20599750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sofalcone, 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone, is an anti-ulcer agent that is classified as a gastric mucosa protective agent. Recent studies indicate heat shock proteins such as HSP32, also known as heme-oxygenase-1(HO-1), play important roles in protecting gastrointestinal tissues from several stresses. We have previously reported that sofalcone increases the expression of HO-1 in adipocytes and pre-adipocytes, although the effect of sofalcone on HO-1 induction in gastrointestinal tissues is not clear. In the current study, we investigated the effects of sofalcone on the expression of HO-1 and its functional role in rat gastric epithelial (RGM-1) cells. We found that sofalcone increased HO-1 expression in RGM-1 cells in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. The HO-1 induction was associated with the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in RGM-1 cells. We also observed that sofalcone increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the culture medium. Treatment of RGM-1 cells with an HO-1 inhibitor (tin-protoporphyrin), or HO-1 siRNA inhibited sofalcone-induced VEGF production, suggesting that the effect of sofalcone on VEGF expression is mediated by the HO-1 pathway. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of sofalcone are partly exerted via Nrf2-HO-1 activation followed by VEGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Wallace JL, Caliendo G, Santagada V, Cirino G. Markedly reduced toxicity of a hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen (ATB-346). Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:1236-46. [PMID: 20128814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide is an important mediator of gastric mucosal defence. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs continues to be limited by their toxicity, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the gastrointestinal safety and anti-inflammatory efficacy of a novel hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen, ATB-346 [2-(6-methoxy-napthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid 4-thiocarbamoyl-phenyl ester]. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The ability of ATB-346 versus naproxen to cause gastric damage was evaluated in healthy rats and in rats with compromised gastric mucosal defence. Effects on the small intestine and on the healing of ulcers were also assessed. The ability of ATB-346 to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 and to reduce inflammation in vivo was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS ATB-346 suppressed gastric prostaglandin E(2) synthesis as effectively as naproxen, but produced negligible damage in the stomach and intestine. In situations in which the gastric mucosa was rendered significantly more susceptible to naproxen-induced damage (e.g. ablation of sensory afferent nerves, inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide or hydrogen sulphide synthesis, co-administration with aspirin, antagonism of K(IR)6.x channels), ATB-346 did not cause significant damage. Unlike naproxen and celecoxib, ATB-346 accelerated healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers. In a mouse airpouch model, ATB-346 suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 activity and inhibited leukocyte infiltration more effectively than naproxen. ATB-346 was as effective as naproxen in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, with a more rapid onset of activity. Unlike naproxen, ATB-346 did not elevate blood pressure in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ATB-346 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties similar to naproxen, but with substantially reduced gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gastroduodenum has multiple means by which it resists injury from intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including gastric acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori. We review recent insights into the mechanisms by which the gastroduodenum resists injury and discuss factors contributing to defensive failure. RECENT FINDINGS Duodenal bicarbonate secretion, a primary defensive mechanism, is mediated by the downregulated in adenoma anion exchanger and is stimulated by estrogens. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastric damage is dependent on toll-like receptor signaling. Portal hypertensive gastropathy impairs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, increasing oxidative stress. H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer disease is associated with inadequate regulatory T cell responses. SUMMARY Enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of gastroduodenal defense and injury provides new insight into potential therapeutic targets, which contributes towards the development of more well tolerated and more effective therapies.
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Ortiz-Masiá D, Hernández C, Quintana E, Velázquez M, Cebrián S, Riaño A, Calatayud S, Esplugues JV, Barrachina MD. iNOS-derived nitric oxide mediates the increase in TFF2 expression associated with gastric damage: role of HIF-1. FASEB J 2009; 24:136-45. [PMID: 19741170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-137489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil (TFF) peptides are involved in gastrointestinal mucosal restitution. An hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)-dependent induction of TFF genes has been reported in gastric epithelial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with mucosal damage and modulates HIF-1 activity. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of iNOS-derived NO in HIF-1alpha stabilization and TFF gene expression in damaged gastric mucosa. Aspirin caused gastric injury that peaked 6 h after dosing and returned to normality at 24 h. iNOS mRNA expression occurs in the corpus in parallel with damage. Blockade of iNOS activity did not modify gastric lesions induced by aspirin but delayed mucosal healing. Aspirin induced HIF-1alpha stabilization and TFF2 mRNA up-regulation in the mucosa, but these effects were diminished when iNOS activity was inhibited. Results obtained using a coculture setup showed that iNOS-derived NO from activated macrophages induced HIF-1alpha stabilization, TFF gene expression, and accelerated wound healing in cultured epithelial cells. Finally, transient silencing of endogenous HIF-1alpha in epithelial cells significantly undermined activated macrophage-induced TFF gene expression. Evidence suggests that the iNOS-derived NO associated with NSAID-induced gastric injury is implicated in mucosal restitution via the HIF-1-mediated induction of TFF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15-17, Valencia, Spain
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Beaumont PE, Kang HK. Ranibizumab and Nonocular Hemorrhage. Ophthalmology 2009; 116:1593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Santulli G, Ciccarelli M, Palumbo G, Campanile A, Galasso G, Ziaco B, Altobelli GG, Cimini V, Piscione F, D'Andrea LD, Pedone C, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. In vivo properties of the proangiogenic peptide QK. J Transl Med 2009; 7:41. [PMID: 19505323 PMCID: PMC2702279 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main regulator of neovascularization is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). We recently demonstrated that QK, a de novo engineered VEGF mimicking peptide, shares in vitro the same biological properties of VEGF, inducing capillary formation and organization. On these grounds, the aim of this study is to evaluate in vivo the effects of this small peptide. Therefore, on Wistar Kyoto rats, we evaluated vasomotor responses to VEGF and QK in common carotid rings. Also, we assessed the effects of QK in three different models of angiogenesis: ischemic hindlimb, wound healing and Matrigel plugs. QK and VEGF present similar endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, the ability of QK to induce neovascularization was confirmed us by digital angiographies, dyed beads dilution and histological analysis in the ischemic hindlimb as well as by histology in wounds and Matrigel plugs. Our findings show the proangiogenic properties of QK, suggesting that also in vivo this peptide resembles the full VEGF protein. These data open to new fields of investigation on the mechanisms of activation of VEGF receptors, offering clinical implications for treatment of pathophysiological conditions such as chronic ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche, Cattedra di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi Federico II di Napoli, Italy.
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