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Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Fleming I, Zeldin DC. Disruption of Ephx2 in cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells improves functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion in isolated mouse hearts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103049. [PMID: 36822325 PMCID: PMC10040734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which have numerous effects. After cardiac ischemia, EET-induced coronary vasodilation increases delivery of oxygen/nutrients to the myocardium, and EET-induced signaling protects cardiomyocytes against postischemic mitochondrial damage. Soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) diminishes the benefits of EETs through hydrolysis to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EPHX2 inhibition or genetic disruption improves recovery of cardiac function after ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed EPHX2 expression in cardiomyocytes and some endothelial cells but little expression in cardiac smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. To determine specific roles of EPHX2 in cardiac cell types, we generated mice with cell-specific disruption of Ephx2 in endothelial cells (Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre) or cardiomyocytes (Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre) to compare to global Ephx2-deficient mice (global Ephx2-/-) and WT (Ephx2fx/fx) mice in expression, EET hydrolase activity, and heart function studies. Most cardiac EPHX2 expression and activity is in cardiomyocytes with substantially less activity in endothelial cells. Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre hearts have similar EPHX2 expression, hydrolase activity, and postischemic cardiac function as control Ephx2fx/fx hearts. However, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts were similar to global Ephx2-/- hearts with significantly diminished EPHX2 expression, decreased hydrolase activity, and enhanced postischemic cardiac function compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts. During reperfusion, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts displayed increased ERK activation compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts, which could be reversed by EEZE treatment. EPHX2 did not regulate coronary vasodilation in this model. We conclude that EPHX2 is primarily expressed in cardiomyocytes where it regulates EET hydrolysis and postischemic cardiac function, whereas endothelial EPHX2 does not play a significant role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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2
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Lertwanakarn T, Suntravat M, Sánchez EE, Wolska BM, Solaro RJ, de Tombe PP, Tachampa K. Negative inotropic mechanisms of β-cardiotoxin in cardiomyocytes by depression of myofilament ATPase activity without activation of the classical β-adrenergic pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21154. [PMID: 34707114 PMCID: PMC8551325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-cardiotoxin (β-CTX) from the king cobra venom (Ophiophagus hannah) was previously proposed as a novel β-adrenergic blocker. However, the involvement of β-adrenergic signaling by this compound has never been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to investigate the underlying mechanisms of β-CTX as a β-blocker and its association with the β-adrenergic pathway. The effects of β-CTX on isolated cardiac myocyte functions, calcium homeostasis, the phosphorylation level of targeted proteins, and the myofibrillar ATPase activity were studied. Healthy Sprague Dawley rats were used for cardiomyocytes isolation. Like propranolol, β-CTX attenuated the cardiomyocyte inotropy and calcium transient alterations as induced by isoproterenol stimulation. In contrast, these effects were not observed in forskolin-treated cells. Interestingly, cardiomyocytes treated with β-CTX showed no changes in phosphorylation level at any PKA-targeted sites in the myofilaments as demonstrated in Western blot analysis. The skinned fibers study revealed no change in myofilament kinetics by β-CTX. However, this protein exhibited the direct inhibition of myofibrillar ATPase activity with calcium de-sensitization of the enzyme. In summary, the negative inotropic mechanism of β-CTX was discovered. β-CTX exhibits an atypical β-blocker mechanism. These properties of β-CTX may benefit in developing a novel agent aid to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuchakorn Lertwanakarn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas-A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas-A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Kittipong Tachampa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Zhang C, He M, Ni L, He K, Su K, Deng Y, Li Y, Xia H. The Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:255-265. [PMID: 32623640 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with myocardial ischemic diseases or who are undergoing one of various heart treatments, such as open heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary artery intervention or drug thrombolysis, face myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, no effective treatment is currently available for MIRI. To improve the prognosis of people with cardiovascular disease, it is important to research the mechanism of MIRI. Arachidonic acid (AA) is one of the focuses of current research. The various metabolic pathways of AA are closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, and the roles of various metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury have gradually been confirmed. AA is mainly metabolized in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) pathway. This paper summarizes the progress of research on these three major AA metabolic pathways with respect to MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Meiling He
- Department of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 420100, PR China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Yinzhi Deng
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China.
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China.
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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Birkenmeier K, Moll K, Newrzela S, Hartmann S, Dröse S, Hansmann ML. Basal autophagy is pivotal for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells' survival and growth revealing a new strategy for Hodgkin lymphoma treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46579-46588. [PMID: 27366944 PMCID: PMC5216819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As current classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treatment strategies have pronounced side-effects, specific inhibition of signaling pathways may offer novel strategies in cHL therapy. Basal autophagy, a regulated catabolic pathway to degrade cell's own components, is in cancer linked with both, tumor suppression or promotion. The finding that basal autophagy enhances tumor cell survival would thus lead to immediately testable strategies for novel therapies. Thus, we studied its contribution in cHL.We found constitutive activation of autophagy in cHL cell lines and primary tissue. The expression of key autophagy-relevant proteins (e.g. Beclin-1, ULK1) and LC3 processing was increased in cHL cells, even in lymphoma cases. Consistently, cHL cells exhibited elevated numbers of autophagic vacuoles and intact autophagic flux. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine or inactivation of ATG5 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation of cHL cells. Chloroquine-mediated inhibition of basal autophagy significantly impaired HL growth in-vivo in NOD SCID γc-/- (NSG) mice. We found that basal autophagy plays a pivotal role in sustaining mitochondrial function.We conclude that cHL cells require basal autophagy for growth, survival and sustained metabolism making them sensitive to autophagy inhibition. This suggests basal autophagy as useful target for new strategies in cHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Birkenmeier
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Moll
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Newrzela
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Birkenmeier K, Dröse S, Wittig I, Winkelmann R, Käfer V, Döring C, Hartmann S, Wenz T, Reichert AS, Brandt U, Hansmann ML. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2231-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Birkenmeier
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy; Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
- Centre of Biological Chemistry, and Centre for Membrane Proteomics, Molecular Bioenergetics Group; Medical School, Goethe-University; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Centre of Biological Chemistry, and Centre for Membrane Proteomics, Molecular Bioenergetics Group; Medical School, Goethe-University; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Ria Winkelmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Viktoria Käfer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Tina Wenz
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str. 47A Cologne 50674 Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders (NCMD); The Netherlands
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt “Macromolecular Complexes”, Goethe-University; Frankfurt Am Main Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
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Schmelzle M, Felix S, Staudt A, Herda L. Cardioprotection of 17,18-Epoxyeicostetraenoic Acid in Ischemia/Reperfusion Is Mediated by Cyclooxygenase-2: A Study in a Rat Model. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1515-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Papanicolaou KN, Streicher JM, Ishikawa TO, Herschman H, Wang Y, Walsh K. Preserved heart function and maintained response to cardiac stresses in a genetic model of cardiomyocyte-targeted deficiency of cyclooxygenase-2. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:196-209. [PMID: 20399788 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 are rate-limiting enzymes in the formation of a wide array of bioactive lipid mediators collectively known as prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes). Evidence from clinical trials shows that selective inhibition of the second isoenzyme (cyclooxygenase-2, or Cox-2) is associated with increased risk for serious cardiovascular events and findings from animal-based studies have suggested protective roles of Cox-2 for the heart. To further characterize the function of Cox-2 in the heart, mice with loxP sites flanking exons 4 and 5 of Cox-2 were rendered knockout specifically in cardiac myocytes (Cox-2 CKO mice) via cre-mediated recombination. Baseline cardiac performance of CKO mice remained unchanged and closely resembled that of control mice. Furthermore, myocardial infarct size induced after in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was comparable between CKO and control mice. In addition, cardiac hypertrophy and function four weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was found to be similar between the two groups. Assessment of Cox-2 expression in purified adult cardiac cells isolated after I/R and TAC suggests that the dominant source of Cox-2 is found in the non-myocyte fraction. In conclusion, our animal-based analyses together with the cell-based observations portray a limited role of cardiomyocyte-produced Cox-2 at baseline and in the context of ischemic or hemodynamic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos N Papanicolaou
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Birkenmeier K, Janke I, Schunck WH, Trimpert C, Krieg T, Landsberger M, Völker U, Felix SB, Staudt A. Prostaglandin receptors mediate effects of substances released from ischaemic rat hearts on non-ischaemic cardiomyocytes. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:902-9. [PMID: 19021714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ischaemia and during reperfusion, rat hearts release cardiodepressive substances that are putatively cyclooxygenase-2-dependent. The present study analyses the mechanisms by which these substances mediate their effect downstream of cyclooxygenase-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 10 min of global stop-flow ischaemia, isolated rat hearts were reperfused and post-ischaemic coronary effluent was collected over a period of 30 s. Non-ischaemic effluent collected before ischaemia was used as a control. We investigated the effect of the effluents on cell shortening and Ca(++)-metabolism, by application of fluorescence microscopy of field-stimulated adult rat cardiomyocytes incubated with fura-2. Cells were pre-incubated with inhibitors of protein kinase A and C and with antagonists of protein kinase A-dependent prostaglandin receptors. We examined the expression of prostaglandin receptors in cardiomyocytes by Western blotting. RESULTS In contrast to non-ischaemic effluent, post-ischaemic effluent induced reduction of Ca(++) transient and cell shortening in the cardiomyocytes. In contrast to protein kinase C inhibitor Myr-PKC [19-27], the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMPS completely blocked the effect of post-ischaemic effluent. Furthermore, we determined a cyclic adenosine monophosphate increase in cardiomyocytes that were pre-incubated with post-ischaemic effluent. The antagonist of prostaglandin E-receptor EP2 AH6809 and the antagonist of receptor subtype EP4 AH23848 attenuated the effect of post-ischaemic effluent in contrast to other antagonists of prostaglandin D and I receptors, which did not influence the effect. In lysates of adherend cardiomyocytes, expression of prostaglandin D, E and I receptors was detected by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The effect of post-ischaemic effluent is mediated by the protein kinase A-dependent prostaglandin-receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4 downstream of cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Birkenmeier
- Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Ernst-Moritz-Amdt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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