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Mzimela N, Dimba N, Sosibo A, Khathi A. Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on pulmonary vascular function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1431405. [PMID: 39050565 PMCID: PMC11266053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1431405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant worldwide health concern caused by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. Beyond glycemic control, T2DM impacts multiple organ systems, leading to various complications. While traditionally associated with cardiovascular and microvascular complications, emerging evidence indicates significant effects on pulmonary health. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction and fibrosis, characterized by alterations in vascular tone and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, are increasingly recognized in individuals with T2DM. The onset of T2DM is often preceded by prediabetes, an intermediate hyperglycemic state that is associated with increased diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. This review explores the relationship between T2DM, pulmonary vascular dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on potential links with prediabetes. Pulmonary vascular function, including the roles of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), is discussed in the context of T2DM and prediabetes. Mechanisms linking T2DM to pulmonary fibrosis, such as oxidative stress, dysregulated fibrotic signaling, and chronic inflammation, are explained. The impact of prediabetes on pulmonary health, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and dysregulated vasoactive mediators, is highlighted. Early detection and intervention during the prediabetic stage may reduce respiratory complications associated with T2DM, emphasizing the importance of management strategies targeting blood glucose regulation and vascular health. More research that looks into the mechanisms underlying pulmonary complications in T2DM and prediabetes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhlakanipho Mzimela
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Walker AE, Cole JA, Krishna Kumaran S, Kato JI, Zhuang X, Wolf JR, Henson GD, McCully BH. INFLUENCE OF OBESITY ON VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AFTER TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGE. Shock 2023; 59:318-325. [PMID: 36731028 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Obesity increases the risk for morbidity and mortality after trauma. These complications are associated with profound vascular damage. Traumatic hemorrhage acutely attenuates vascular responsiveness, but the impact of obesity on this dysfunction is not known. The local inflammatory response in vascular cells is also unknown. We hypothesized that obesity potentiates trauma-induced vascular inflammation and dysfunction. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (~250 g) were fed normal chow (NC; 13.5% kcal fat, n = 20) or high-fat (HF; 60% kcal fat, n = 20) diets for 6 to 8 weeks. Under anesthesia, hemorrhage was induced by a mesenteric artery laceration, a Grade V splenic injury, and hypotension (MAP = 30-40 mm Hg) for 30 minutes. Vascular responsiveness was assessed ex vivo in isolated mesenteric arteries prehemorrhage and posthemorrhage. Gene expression for IL-1β, and IL-6, prooxidant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2), and α-adrenergic receptor were assessed in carotid artery endothelial cells (ECs) and non-ECs (media + adventitia). Results: In NC rats, hemorrhage attenuated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine. In HF rats, baseline norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was attenuated compared with NC, but vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation did not change prehemorrhage to posthemorrhage. Hemorrhage led to elevated IL-1β gene expression in ECs and elevated IL1β, IL-6, NOX2, and α-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the media + adventitia compared with sham. HF rats had greater EC IL-1 β and NOX2 gene expression compared with NC rats. The hemorrhage-induced elevation of IL-1β in the media + adventitia was greatest in HF rats. Conclusion: Traumatic hemorrhage attenuates vascular responsiveness and induces vascular inflammation. The attenuated vascular responsiveness after hemorrhage is absent in obese rats, while the elevated vascular inflammation persists. A HF diet amplifies the arterial inflammation after hemorrhage. Altered vascular responsiveness and vascular inflammation may contribute to worse outcomes in obese trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Jazmin A Cole
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Jonathan I Kato
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Xinhao Zhuang
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Julia R Wolf
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
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Obesity blunts cephalic-phase microvascular responses to food. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113087. [PMID: 32707159 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurally mediated anticipatory responses, also named cephalic-phase responses, and microcirculatory regulation are two important mechanisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Altered cephalic-phase responses in obesity and its metabolic consequences have been proposed. There is, however, a lack of studies focusing on in vivo assessment of the microcirculation during this phase in patients with obesity. In this randomized controlled trial, we selected patients with obesity and healthy subjects after clinical and laboratory assessments. Those with obesity were randomized into two groups: experimental (cephalic-phase microvascular response stimulation - CP group, n = 13) and controls (n = 14). Healthy subjects (n = 17) were also included to form a CP control group. Skin microvascular assessment was used as a model of systemic microcirculation. Resting functional capillary density (FCD) and peak FCD during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) were measured by dorsal finger videocapillaroscopy and expressed mainly capillary recruitment capacity. Resting red blood cell velocity (RBCV), peak RBCV during PORH (RBCVmax), and time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax) were assessed by dynamic nailfold videocapillaroscopy and expressed the microhemodynamics. Patients with obesity (with or without stimulus) failed to show an increase on FCD during PORH post-stimulus (p = 0.221 and p = 0.307, respectively) depicting lack of capillary recruitment. In contrast, healthy subjects presented an increase in this microvascular outcome (p = 0.004). Changes in all variables of microhemodynamics occurred in both CP groups (healthy and those with obesity). During CP, we originally demonstrated an absence of capillary recruitment in subjects with obesity. These findings might contribute to the literature of microvascular impairment and metabolic conditions.
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Norel X, Sugimoto Y, Ozen G, Abdelazeem H, Amgoud Y, Bouhadoun A, Bassiouni W, Goepp M, Mani S, Manikpurage HD, Senbel A, Longrois D, Heinemann A, Yao C, Clapp LH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin E 2 Receptors (EP1-4) and Prostacyclin Receptor (IP): Specific Roles in Pathophysiologic Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:910-968. [PMID: 32962984 PMCID: PMC7509579 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 are strongly involved in the regulation of homeostasis and main physiologic functions. In addition, the synthesis of these two prostaglandins is significantly increased during inflammation. PGI2 and PGE2 exert their biologic actions by binding to their respective receptors, namely prostacyclin receptor (IP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1-4, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. IP and EP1-4 receptors are widely distributed in the body and thus play various physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies using pharmacological approaches, genetically modified animals, and genome-wide association studies regarding the roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors in the immune, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. In particular, we highlight similarities and differences between human and rodents in terms of the specific roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, functions, and activities for each biologic system. We also highlight the potential novel therapeutic benefit of targeting IP and EP1-4 receptors in several diseases based on the scientific advances, animal models, and human studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiologic role of the prostacyclin receptor, prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors when activated by the two main prostaglandins, namely prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, produced during inflammatory conditions in human and rodents. In addition, this comparison of the published results in each tissue and/or pathology should facilitate the choice of the most appropriate model for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yasmine Amgoud
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amel Bouhadoun
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Salma Mani
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amira Senbel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
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Larsen RG, Thomsen JM, Hirata RP, Steffensen R, Poulsen ER, Frøkjaer JB, Graven-Nielsen T. Impaired microvascular reactivity after eccentric muscle contractions is not restored by acute ingestion of antioxidants or dietary nitrate. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14162. [PMID: 31293100 PMCID: PMC6640596 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed eccentric exercise leads to impaired microvascular function but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress and of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Thirty young men and women performed eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (ECC), with the contralateral leg serving as nonexercising control (CON). Participants were randomized into three groups ingesting an antioxidant cocktail (AO), beetroot juice (BR) or placebo 46 h postexercise. At baseline and 48 h postexercise, hyperemic responses to brief muscle contractions and 5 min of cuff occlusion were assessed bilaterally in the TA muscles using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging. Eccentric contractions resulted in delayed time-to-peak (~22%; P < 0.001), blunted peak (~21%; P < 0.001) and prolonged time-to-half relaxation (~12%, P < 0.001) in the BOLD response to brief contractions, with no effects of AO or BR, and no changes in CON. Postocclusive time-to-peak was also delayed (~54%; P < 0.001) in ECC, with no effects of AO or BR, and no changes in CON. Impaired microvascular reactivity after eccentric contractions is confined to the exercised tissue, and is not restored with acute ingestion of AO or BR. Impairments in microvascular reactivity after unaccustomed eccentric contractions may result from structural changes within the microvasculature that can diminish muscle blood flow regulation during intermittent activities requiring prompt adjustments in oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Larsen
- Sports Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens M Thomsen
- Sports Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rogerio P Hirata
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eva R Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Frøkjaer
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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6
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Limberg JK, Casey DP, Trinity JD, Nicholson WT, Wray DW, Tschakovsky ME, Green DJ, Hellsten Y, Fadel PJ, Joyner MJ, Padilla J. Assessment of resistance vessel function in human skeletal muscle: guidelines for experimental design, Doppler ultrasound, and pharmacology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H301-H325. [PMID: 31886718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00649.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of duplex Doppler ultrasound almost half a century ago signified a revolutionary advance in the ability to assess limb blood flow in humans. It is now widely used to assess blood flow under a variety of experimental conditions to study skeletal muscle resistance vessel function. Despite its pervasive adoption, there is substantial variability between studies in relation to experimental protocols, procedures for data analysis, and interpretation of findings. This guideline results from a collegial discussion among physiologists and pharmacologists, with the goal of providing general as well as specific recommendations regarding the conduct of human studies involving Doppler ultrasound-based measures of resistance vessel function in skeletal muscle. Indeed, the focus is on methods used to assess resistance vessel function and not upstream conduit artery function (i.e., macrovasculature), which has been expertly reviewed elsewhere. In particular, we address topics related to experimental design, data collection, and signal processing as well as review common procedures used to assess resistance vessel function, including postocclusive reactive hyperemia, passive limb movement, acute single limb exercise, and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Darren P Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael E Tschakovsky
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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7
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Frisbee JC, Lewis MT, Wiseman RW. Skeletal muscle performance in metabolic disease: Microvascular or mitochondrial limitation or both? Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12517. [PMID: 30471168 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the clearly established health outcomes associated with chronic metabolic diseases (eg, type II diabetes mellitus) is that the ability of skeletal muscle to maintain contractile performance during periods of elevated metabolic demand is compromised as compared to the fatigue-resistance of muscle under normal, healthy conditions. While there has been extensive effort dedicated to determining the major factors that contribute to the compromised performance of skeletal muscle with chronic metabolic disease, the extent to which this poor outcome reflects a dysfunctional state of the microcirculation, where the delivery and distribution of metabolic substrates can be impaired, versus derangements to normal metabolic processes and mitochondrial function, versus a combination of the two, represents an area of considerable unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to present some of the current concepts for dysfunction to both the microcirculation of skeletal muscle as well as to mitochondrial metabolism under these conditions, such that these diverse issues can be merged into an integrated framework for future investigation. Based on an interpretation of the current literature, it may be hypothesized that the primary site of dysfunction with earlier stages of metabolic disease may lie at the level of the vasculature, rather than at the level of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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8
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Differential Expression of Prostaglandin I2 Synthase Associated with Arachidonic Acid Pathway in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:6301980. [PMID: 30532780 PMCID: PMC6250001 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6301980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other oxygenases enzymes involved in biotransformation mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous compounds can lead to oral tumor development. Objective We aimed to identify the expression profile of these genes, searching for susceptibility biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients and Methods Sixteen oral squamous cell carcinoma samples were included in this study (eight tumor and eight adjacent non-tumor tissues). Gene expression quantification was performed using TaqMan Array Human CYP450 and other Oxygenases 96-well plate (Applied Biosystems) by real time qPCR. Protein quantification was performed by ELISA and IHC methods. Bioinformatics tools were used to find metabolic pathways related to the enzymes encoded by differentially expressed genes. Results. CYP27B1, CYP27A1, CYP2E1, CYP2R1, CYP2J2, CYP2U1, CYP4F12, CYP4X1, CYP4B1, PTGIS, ALOX12, and MAOB genes presented differential expression in the oral tumors. After correction by multiple tests, only the PTGIS (Prostaglandin I2 Synthase) gene presented significant differential expression (P < 0.05). The PTGIS gene and protein were reduced in oral tumors. Conclusion PTGIS presents downexpression in oral tumors. PTGIS play an important role in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Arachidonic acid and/or metabolites are derived from this pathway, which can influence the regulation of important physiological mechanisms in tumorigenesis process.
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9
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Limberg JK, Morgan BJ, Schrage WG. Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 44:116-22. [PMID: 27223271 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Departments of 2Kinesiology and 3Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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10
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Gomez-Smith M, Janik R, Adams C, Lake EM, Thomason LA, Jeffers MS, Stefanovic B, Corbett D. Reduced Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Increased Resting Cerebral Perfusion in Rats Exposed to a Cafeteria Diet. Neuroscience 2018; 371:166-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Scalzo RL, Bauer TA, Harrall K, Moreau K, Ozemek C, Herlache L, McMillin S, Huebschmann AG, Dorosz J, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG. Acute vitamin C improves cardiac function, not exercise capacity, in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29456629 PMCID: PMC5813393 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have impaired exercise capacity, even in the absence of complications, which is predictive of their increased cardiovascular mortality. Cardiovascular dysfunction is one potential cause of this exercise defect. Acute infusion of vitamin C has been separately shown to improve diastolic and endothelial function in prior studies. We hypothesized that acute vitamin C infusion would improve exercise capacity and that these improvements would be associated with improved cardiovascular function. METHODS Adults with T2D (n = 31, 7 female, 24 male, body mass index (BMI): 31.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and BMI-similar healthy adults (n = 21, 11 female, 10 male, BMI: 30.4 ± 0.7 kg/m2) completed two randomly ordered visits: IV infusion of vitamin C (7.5 g) and a volume-matched saline infusion. During each visit peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), reactive hyperemia (RH; plethysmography), and cardiac echocardiography were measured. General linear mixed models were utilized to assess the differences in all study variables. RESULTS Acute vitamin C infusion improved diastolic function, assessed by lateral and septal E:E' (P < 0.01), but did not change RH (P = 0.92), or VO2peak (P = 0.33) in any participants. CONCLUSION Acute vitamin C infusion improved diastolic function but did not change FMD, forearm reactive hyperemia, or peak exercise capacity. Future studies should further clarify the role of endothelial function as well as other possible physiological causes of exercise impairment in order to provide potential therapeutic targets.Trial registration NCT00786019. Prospectively registered May 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), 12801 E17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Timothy A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kylie Harrall
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kerrie Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- VAMC-Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO 80215 USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Leah Herlache
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Shawna McMillin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Amy G. Huebschmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jennifer Dorosz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), 12801 E17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO 80215 USA
| | - Judith G. Regensteiner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine (UCSOM), Aurora, CO USA
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12
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Total Antioxidant Capacity from Dietary Supplement Decreases the Likelihood of Having Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101055. [PMID: 28937597 PMCID: PMC5691672 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate antioxidant vitamin intake and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from diet and dietary supplements and to examine their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. Out of 6308 adults 19~64 years old from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1847 adults were classified as dietary supplement users and the other 4461 adults were classified as non-users. Antioxidant intake and TAC from diet and dietary supplements were estimated using dietary intake data and linked with the antioxidant and TAC database for common Korean foods. The prevalence of MetS was lower in dietary supplement users (odds ratio (OR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–0.98) than that in non-users. Among dietary supplement users, a lower prevalence of MetS was observed in the highest tertile for vitamin A (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.99) and vitamin E (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–0.99) intake than that in the lowest tertile among non-users. Subjects in the highest tertile of TAC among dietary supplement users showed a lower prevalence of MetS (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99) than non-users. The results imply that intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, and TAC from dietary supplements might have a protective effect on MetS among Korean adults.
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13
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Sorop O, Olver TD, van de Wouw J, Heinonen I, van Duin RW, Duncker DJ, Merkus D. The microcirculation: a key player in obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1035-1045. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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14
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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15
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La Favor JD, Dubis GS, Yan H, White JD, Nelson MAM, Anderson EJ, Hickner RC. Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Sedentary, Obese Humans Is Mediated by NADPH Oxidase: Influence of Exercise Training. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2412-2420. [PMID: 27765769 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) on microvascular endothelial function in obese human subjects and the efficacy of an aerobic exercise intervention on alleviating obesity-associated dysfunctionality. APPROACH AND RESULTS Young, sedentary men and women were divided into lean (body mass index 18-25; n=14), intermediate (body mass index 28-32.5; n=13), and obese (body mass index 33-40; n=15) groups. A novel microdialysis technique was utilized to detect elevated interstitial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide levels in the vastus lateralis of obese compared with both lean and intermediate subjects. Nutritive blood flow was monitored in the vastus lateralis via the microdialysis-ethanol technique. A decrement in acetylcholine-stimulated blood flow revealed impaired microvascular endothelial function in the obese subjects. Perfusion of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, lowered (normalized) H2O2 and superoxide levels, and reversed microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects. After 8 weeks of exercise, H2O2 levels were decreased in the obese subjects and microvascular endothelial function in these subjects was restored to levels similar to lean subjects. Skeletal muscle protein expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox was increased in obese relative to lean subjects, where p22phox and p67phox expression was attenuated by exercise training in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates NADPH oxidase as a source of excessive ROS production in skeletal muscle of obese individuals and links excessive NADPH oxidase-derived ROS to microvascular endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training proved to be an effective strategy for alleviating these maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D La Favor
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.).
| | - Gabriel S Dubis
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
| | - Huimin Yan
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
| | - Joseph D White
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
| | - Robert C Hickner
- From the Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology (J.D.L.F., G.S.D., H.Y., J.D.W., R.C.H.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.A.M.N., E.J.A.), Physiology (R.C.H.), East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute (J.D.L.F., M.A.M.N., E.J.A., R.C.H.), Center for Health Disparities (R.C.H.), East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; Department of Urology, The James Buchannan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.D.L.F.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.J.A.); and Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (R.C.H.)
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16
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Maruyama K, Kagota S, McGuire JJ, Wakuda H, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K. Age-related changes to vascular protease-activated receptor 2 in metabolic syndrome: a relationship between oxidative stress, receptor expression, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:356-364. [PMID: 28103056 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is expressed in vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) - cyclic GMP-mediated vasodilation in response to 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2fLIGRLO), a PAR2-activating peptide, is impaired in aortas from aged SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated mechanisms linking PAR2's vascular effects to phenotypic characteristics of male SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. We found vasodilation responses to either 2fLIGRLO or enzyme-mediated PAR2 activation by trypsin were sustained until 20 weeks and lessened at 30 weeks. PAR2 protein and mRNA levels were lower in aortas at 30 weeks than at 10 and 20 weeks. PAR2-mediated responses positively correlated with PAR2 protein and mRNA levels. Decreased cGMP accumulation in the presence of 2fLIGRLO paralleled the decreased relaxations elicited by nitroprusside and the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP, and the less soluble guanylyl cyclase protein at 30 weeks. 2fLIGRLO-induced relaxation was negatively correlated with serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of oxidative stress, which increased with age. Forward stepwise data regression supported a model of age-related decreases in PAR2 function resulting from decreased PAR2 mRNA and increased oxidative stress. We conclude that decreased responsiveness of aortic smooth muscle to NO and downregulation of receptor expression impair PAR2 functions at later stages of metabolic syndrome in SHRSP.ZF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Maruyama
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Satomi Kagota
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - John J McGuire
- b Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Hirokazu Wakuda
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshikawa
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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17
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Limberg JK, Peltonen GL, Johansson RE, Harrell JW, Kellawan JM, Eldridge MW, Sebranek JJ, Walker BJ, Schrage WG. Greater Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Vasodilation in Women Using Oral Contraceptives. Front Physiol 2016; 7:215. [PMID: 27375493 PMCID: PMC4896959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: β-adrenergic receptors play an important role in mitigating the pressor effects of sympathetic nervous system activity in young women. Based on recent data showing oral contraceptive use in women abolishes the relationship between muscle sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure, we hypothesized forearm blood flow responses to a β-adrenergic receptor agonist would be greater in young women currently using oral contraceptives (OC+, n = 13) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (OC–, n = 10). Methods: Women (18–35 years) were studied during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 1–5) or placebo phase of oral contraceptive use. Forearm blood flow (FBF, Doppler ultrasound) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, brachial arterial catheter) were measured at baseline and during graded brachial artery infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, Isoproterenol (ISO), as well as Acetylcholine (ACH, endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and Nitroprusside (NTP, endothelium-independent vasodilation). Forearm vascular conductance was calculated (FVC = FBF/MAP, ml/min/100 mmHg) and the rise in FVC from baseline during infusion quantified vasodilation (ΔFVC = FVCinfusion − FVCbaseline). Results: ISO increased FVC in both groups (p < 0.01) and ISO-mediated ΔFVC was greater in OC+ compared to OC– (Main effect of group, p = 0.02). Expressing data as FVC and FBF resulted in similar conclusions. FVC responses to both ACH and NTP were also greater in OC+ compared to OC–. Conclusions: These data are the first to demonstrate greater β-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasodilation in the forearm of women currently using oral contraceptives (placebo phase) when compared to those not using oral contraceptives (early follicular phase), and suggest oral contraceptive use influences neurovascular control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John W Harrell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Sebranek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Shimabukuro M, Higa N, Masuzaki H, Sata M, Ueda S. Impact of individual metabolic risk components or its clustering on endothelial and smooth muscle cell function in men. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:77. [PMID: 27188597 PMCID: PMC4869187 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired vasoreactivity is often observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome, a condition that includes the presence of a specific cluster of risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, hierarchical causes in the impaired vasoreactivity have not been clarified. We evaluated the impact of individual metabolic risk components or its clustering under the condition of insulin resistance on endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. METHODS Vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (Ach), with or without nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N (G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and insulin sensitivity index (M mg/kg/min) in euglycemic clamp were measured in men without (n = 18, control group) or with (n = 19, metabolic syndrome group) metabolic syndrome. RESULTS (1) Ach-induced maximal forearm blood flow (maxFBF) was impaired in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In particular, the NOS-dependent component of Ach-induced maxFBF was selectively decreased, while the NOS-independent component remained relatively unchanged. (2) Ach-induced maxFBF and ∆Ach-induced maxFBF with L-NMMA were correlated with waist circumference, glucose, and triglycerides, and most strongly correlated with visceral fat area, adiponectin, and M. (3) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that individual metabolic risk components explained Ach-induced maxFBF by 4-21 %. Clustering of all metabolic risk components increased this to 35 %, and the presence of metabolic syndrome explained 30 %, indicating that defining metabolic syndrome can effectively predict impairment of endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial dysfunction was correlated with individual metabolic risk components, but more strongly with clustering of the components under a condition with low insulin sensitivity. We suggest that in subjects with metabolic syndrome, endothelial function is impaired by multiple cardiovascular risk factors exclusively when under the condition of insulin insensitivity and also that defining metabolic syndrome can effectively predict impairment of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Namio Higa
- Cardiovascular Department, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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19
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Wenner MM, Taylor HS, Stachenfeld NS. Peripheral Microvascular Vasodilatory Response to Estradiol and Genistein in Women with Insulin Resistance. Microcirculation 2016; 22:391-9. [PMID: 25996650 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E2 enhances vasodilation in healthy women, but vascular effects of the phytoestrogen GEN are still under investigation. IR compromises microvascular function. We therefore examined the interaction of E2 , GEN, and IR on microvascular vasodilatory responsiveness. METHODS We hypothesized that E2 and GEN increase microvascular vasodilation in healthy women (control, n = 8, 23 ± 2 year, BMI: 25.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2) but not in women with IR (n = 7, 20 ± 1 year, BMI: 27.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2). We used the cutaneous circulation as a model of microvascular vasodilatory function. We determined CVC with laser Doppler flowmetry and beat-to-beat blood pressure during local cutaneous heating (42 °C) with E2 or GEN microdialysis perfusions. Because heat-induced vasodilation is primarily an NO-mediated response, we examined microvascular vasodilation with and without L-NMMA. RESULTS In C, E2 enhanced CVC (94.4 ± 2.6% vs. saline 81.6 ± 4.2% CVCmax , p < 0.05), which was reversed with L-NMMA (80.9 ± 7.8% CVCmax , p < 0.05), but GEN did not affect vasodilation. Neither E2 nor GEN altered CVC in IR, although L-NMMA attenuated CVC during GEN. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support improved microvascular responsiveness during GEN exposure in healthy young women, and demonstrates that neither E2 nor GEN improves microvascular vasodilatory responsiveness in women with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Impaired endothelium independent vasodilation in the cutaneous microvasculature of young obese adults. Microvasc Res 2016; 104:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Limberg JK, Johansson RE, Peltonen GL, Harrell JW, Kellawan JM, Eldridge MW, Sebranek JJ, Schrage WG. β-Adrenergic-mediated vasodilation in young men and women: cyclooxygenase restrains nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H756-64. [PMID: 26747505 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00886.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that women exhibit greater vasodilator responses to β-adrenoceptor stimulation compared with men. We further hypothesized women exhibit a greater contribution of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase to β-adrenergic-mediated vasodilation compared with men. Forearm blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) was measured in young men (n = 29, 26 ± 1 yr) and women (n = 33, 25 ± 1 yr) during intra-arterial infusion of isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist). In subset of subjects, isoproterenol responses were examined before and after local inhibition of nitric oxide synthase [N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA); 6 male/10 female] and/or cyclooxygenase (ketorolac; 5 male/5 female). Vascular conductance (blood flow ÷ mean arterial pressure) was calculated to assess vasodilation. Vascular conductance increased with isoproterenol infusion (P < 0.01), and this effect was not different between men and women (P = 0.41). l-NMMA infusion had no effect on isoproterenol-mediated dilation in men (P > 0.99) or women (P = 0.21). In contrast, ketorolac infusion markedly increased isoproterenol-mediated responses in both men (P < 0.01) and women (P = 0.04) and this rise was lost with subsequent l-NMMA infusion (men, P < 0.01; women, P < 0.05). β-Adrenergic vasodilation is not different between men and women and sex differences in the independent contribution of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase to β-mediated vasodilation are not present. However, these data are the first to demonstrate β-adrenoceptor activation of cyclooxygenase suppresses nitric oxide synthase signaling in human forearm microcirculation and may have important implications for neurovascular control in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John W Harrell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Joshua J Sebranek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin;
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22
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Harrell JW, Johansson RE, Evans TD, Sebranek JJ, Walker BJ, Eldridge MW, Serlin RC, Schrage WG. Preserved Microvascular Endothelial Function in Young, Obese Adults with Functional Loss of Nitric Oxide Signaling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:387. [PMID: 26733880 PMCID: PMC4686588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Data indicate endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) may be preserved in the skeletal muscle microcirculation of young, obese adults. Preserved EDD might be mediated by compensatory mechanisms, impeding insight into preclinical vascular dysfunction. We aimed to determine the functional roles of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) toward EDD in younger obese adults. We first hypothesized EDD would be preserved in young, obese adults. Further, we hypothesized a reduced contribution of NOS in young, obese adults would be replaced by increased COX signaling. Microvascular EDD was assessed with Doppler ultrasound and brachial artery infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) in younger (27 ± 1 year) obese (n = 29) and lean (n = 46) humans. Individual and combined contributions of NOS and COX were examined with intra-arterial infusions of l-NMMA and ketorolac, respectively. Vasodilation was quantified as an increase in forearm vascular conductance (ΔFVC). Arterial endothelial cell biopsies were analyzed for protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ΔFVC to ACh was similar between groups. After l-NMMA, ΔFVC to ACh was greater in obese adults (p < 0.05). There were no group differences in ΔFVC to ACh with ketorolac. With combined NOS-COX inhibition, ΔFVC was greater in obese adults at the intermediate dose of ACh. Surprisingly, arterial endothelial cell eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS were similar between groups. Younger obese adults exhibit preserved EDD and eNOS expression despite functional dissociation of NOS-mediated vasodilation and similar COX signaling. Compensatory NOS- and COX-independent vasodilatory mechanisms conceal reduced NOS contributions in otherwise healthy obese adults early in life, which may contribute to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Harrell
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca E Johansson
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Trent D Evans
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Sebranek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- The John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald C Serlin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - William G Schrage
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Larsen RG, Hirata RP, Madzak A, Frøkjær JB, Graven-Nielsen T. Eccentric exercise slows in vivo microvascular reactivity during brief contractions in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:1272-81. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise involving eccentric contractions results in muscle soreness and an overall decline in muscle function, however, little is known about the effects of eccentric exercise on microvascular reactivity in human skeletal muscle. Fourteen healthy men and women performed eccentric contractions of the dorsiflexor muscles in one leg, while the contralateral leg served as a control. At baseline, and 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise, the following were acquired bilaterally in the tibialis anterior muscle: 1) transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted magnetic resonance images to determine muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and T2; 2) blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) images during and following brief, maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) to monitor the hyperemic responses with participants positioned supine in a 3T magnet; 3) muscle strength; and 4) pain pressure threshold. Compared with the control leg, eccentric exercise resulted in soreness, decline in strength (∼20%), increased mCSA (∼7%), and prolonged T2 (∼7%) at 24 and 48 h ( P < 0.05). The BOLD response to a brief MVC was altered 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise, such that time-to-peak (∼35%, P < 0.05) and time-to-half-recovery (∼23%, P < 0.05) were prolonged. The altered contraction-induced hyperemic response suggests slowed microvascular reactivity and altered matching of O2 delivery to O2 utilization within muscle tissue showing signs of muscle damage. These changes in microvascular regulation after eccentric exercise may impede rapid adjustments in muscle blood flow at exercise onset and during activities involving brief bursts of muscle activation, which may impair O2 delivery and contribute to reduced muscle function after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Larsen
- Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Rogerio P. Hirata
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Adnan Madzak
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; and
| | - Jens B. Frøkjær
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; and
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Alborg, Denmark
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Di-peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin protects vascular function in metabolic syndrome: possible role of epigenetic regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 41:4853-63. [PMID: 24838371 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex medical disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, and high risk of coronary disease and stroke. Microvascular rarefaction and endothelial dysfunction have also been linked with MetS, and recent evidence from clinical studies supports the efficacy of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies for vascular protection in diabetes. Previous studies pointed out the importance of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition in endothelial cells due to getting protection against metabolic pathologies. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on vascular function in rats with high-sucrose diet-induced MetS. In order to elucidate the mechanisms implicated in the effects of DPP-4 inhibition, we tested the involvement of NO pathway and epigenetic regulation in the MetS. Acute use of sitagliptin protects the vascular function in the rats with MetS in part due to NO pathway via restoring the depressed aortic relaxation responses mediated by receptors. Application of sitagliptin enhanced the depressed phosphorylation levels of both the endothelial NO synthase and the apoptotic status of protein kinase B, known as Akt, in endothelium-intact thoracic aorta from rats with MetS. One-hour application of sitagliptin on aortic rings from rats with MetS also induced remarkable histon posttranslational modifications such as increased expression of H3K27Me3, but not of H3K27Me2, resulting in an accumulation of the H3K27Me3. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its well-known hypoglycemic action, sitagliptin may also have beneficial effects on hyperglycemia-induced vascular changes in an endotheium-dependent manner. These present results with sitagliptin aside from the glycaemic control, may demonstrate its important role in the treatment of patients with MetS.
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25
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Premorbid obesity and metabolic disturbances as promising clinical targets for the prevention and early screening of bipolar disorder. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Exercise vasodilation is greater in women: contributions of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1735-46. [PMID: 25820143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized exercise vasodilation would be greater in women due to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling. METHODS 45 healthy adults (23 women, W, 22 men, M, 26 ± 1 years) completed two 10-min trials of dynamic forearm exercise at 15 % intensity. Forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound), arterial pressure (brachial catheter), and forearm lean mass were measured to calculate relative forearm vascular conductance (FVCrel) = FBF 100 mmHg(-1) 100 g(-1) lean mass. Local intra-arterial infusion of L-NMMA or ketorolac acutely inhibited NOS and COX, respectively. In Trial 1, the first 5 min served as control exercise (CON), followed by 5 min of L-NMMA or ketorolac over the last 5 min of exercise. In Trial 2, the remaining drug was infused during 5-10 min, to achieve combined NOS-COX inhibition (double blockade, DB). RESULTS Are mean ± SE. Women exhibited 29 % greater vasodilation in CON (ΔFVCrel, 19 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 1, p = 0.01). L-NMMA reduced ΔFVCrel (p < 0.001) (W: Δ -2.3 ± 1.3 vs. M: Δ -3.7 ± 0.8, p = 0.25); whereas, ketorolac modestly increased ΔFVCrel (p = 0.04) similarly between sexes (W: Δ 1.6 ± 1.1 vs. M: Δ 2.0 ± 1.6, p = 0.78). DB was also found to be similar between the sexes (p = 0.85). CONCLUSION These data clearly indicate women produce a greater exercise vasodilator response. Furthermore, contrary to experiments in animal models, these data are the first to demonstrate vascular control by NOS and COX is similar between sexes.
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Chantler PD, Frisbee JC. Arterial function in cardio-metabolic diseases: from the microcirculation to the large conduits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:489-96. [PMID: 25220256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a constellation of metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia that co-occur within a given individual. This consultation of risk factors exposes MetS to a 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and an even higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this increased cardiovascular risk are incompletely understood but likely include alterations to macro- and micro-vasculature. The vasculature plays an important role not only in delivery and adjusting the quantity of blood delivered to the tissues, but the dynamic changes in structure and compliance significantly alter the hemodynamic stress imposed on the heart and end-organs. This review will give an overview of the pathophysiological changes to the vasculature that accompany MetS in both human and animal models, as well as the possible mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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28
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Limberg JK, Kellawan JM, Harrell JW, Johansson RE, Eldridge MW, Proctor LT, Sebranek JJ, Schrage WG. Exercise-mediated vasodilation in human obesity and metabolic syndrome: effect of acute ascorbic acid infusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H840-7. [PMID: 25038148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00312.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that infusion of ascorbic acid (AA), a potent antioxidant, would alter vasodilator responses to exercise in human obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Forearm blood flow (FBF, Doppler ultrasound) was measured in lean, obese, and MetSyn adults (n = 39, 32 ± 2 yr). A brachial artery catheter was inserted for blood pressure monitoring and local infusion of AA. FBF was measured during dynamic handgrip exercise (15% maximal effort) with and without AA infusion. To account for group differences in blood pressure and forearm size, and to assess vasodilation, forearm vascular conductance (FVC = FBF/mean arterial blood pressure/lean forearm mass) was calculated. We examined the time to achieve steady-state FVC (mean response time, MRT) and the rise in FVC from rest to steady-state exercise (Δ, exercise - rest) before and during acute AA infusion. The MRT (P = 0.26) and steady-state vasodilator responses to exercise (ΔFVC, P = 0.31) were not different between groups. Intra-arterial infusion of AA resulted in a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (174 ± 37%). AA infusion did not alter MRT or steady-state FVC in any group (P = 0.90 and P = 0.85, respectively). Interestingly, higher levels of C-reactive protein predicted longer MRT (r = 0.52, P < 0.01) and a greater reduction in MRT with AA infusion (r = -0.43, P = 0.02). We concluded that AA infusion during moderate-intensity, rhythmic forearm exercise does not alter the time course or magnitude of exercise-mediated vasodilation in groups of young lean, obese, or MetSyn adults. However, systemic inflammation may limit the MRT to exercise, which can be improved with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, and
| | - John W Harrell
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, and
| | - Rebecca E Johansson
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, and
| | | | - Lester T Proctor
- Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joshua J Sebranek
- Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, and
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Harrell JW, Schrage WG. Cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstriction restrains hypoxia-mediated cerebral vasodilation in young adults with metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H261-9. [PMID: 24213610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poor cerebrovascular function in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) likely contributes to elevated risk of cerebrovascular disease in this growing clinical population. Younger MetSyn adults without clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease exhibit preserved hypercapnic vasodilation yet markedly impaired hypoxic vasodilation, but the mechanisms behind reduced hypoxic vasodilation are unknown. Based on data from rats, we tested the hypothesis that younger adults with MetSyn exhibit reduced cerebral hypoxic vasodilation due to loss of vasodilating prostaglandins. Middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound in adults with MetSyn (n = 13, 33 ± 3 yr) and healthy controls (n = 15, 31 ± 2 yr). Isocapnic hypoxia was induced by titrating inspired oxygen to lower arterial saturation to 90% and 80% for 5 min each. Separately, hypercapnia was induced by increasing end-tidal CO2 10 mmHg above baseline levels. Cyclooxygenase inhibition (100 mg indomethacin) was conducted in a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled design. MCAv was normalized for group differences in blood pressure (healthy: 89 ± 2 mmHg vs. MetSyn: 102 ± 2 mmHg) as cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi), and used to assess cerebral vasodilation. Hypoxia increased CVCi in both groups; however, vasodilation was ∼55% lower in MetSyn at SpO2 = 80% (P < 0.05). Indomethacin tended to decrease hypoxic vasodilation in healthy controls, and unexpectedly increased dilation in MetSyn (P < 0.05). In contrast to hypoxia, hypercapnia-mediated vasodilation was similar between groups, as was the decrease in vasodilation with indomethacin. These data indicate increased production of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins restrains hypoxic cerebral vasodilation in MetSyn, preventing them from responding appropriately to this important physiological stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Harrell
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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