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Altered Left Ventricular Rat Gene Expression Induced by the Myosin Activator Omecamtiv Mecarbil. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010122. [PMID: 36672863 PMCID: PMC9858687 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) on the gene expression profile in adult male rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a single OM (1.2 mg/kg/h; n = 6) or placebo (n = 8) 30-min infusion. Echocardiography was performed before and after OM infusion. Seven days after infusion, rats were euthanized, and left ventricular (LV) tissues were removed for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTq-PCR) experiments. After OM infusion, pro-apoptotic Bax-to-Bcl2 ratio was decreased, with increased Bcl2 and similar Bax gene expression. The gene expression of molecules regulating oxidative stress, including glutathione disulfide reductase (Gsr) and superoxide dismutases (Sod1/Sod2), remained unchanged, whereas the expression of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) increased. While LV gene expression of key energy sensors, peroxisome proliferator activator (Ppar) α and γ, AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1) remained unchanged after OM infusion, and the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) increased. The LV expression of the major myocardial glucose transporter Glut1 decreased, with no changes in Glut4 expression, whereas the LV expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Olr1) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) increased, with no changes in fatty acid transporter Cd36. An increased LV expression of angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2 was observed, with no changes in angiotensin I-converting enzyme expression. The Kalikrein-bradykinin system was upregulated with increased LV expression of kallikrein-related peptidases Klk8, Klk1c2, and Klk1c12 and bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 (Bdkrb1 and Bdkrb2), whereas the LV expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) increased. LV expression in major molecular determinants involved in calcium-dependent myocardial contraction remained unchanged, except for an increased LV expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (Cacna1c) in response to OM. A single intravenous infusion of OM, in adult healthy rats, resulted in significant changes in the LV expression of genes regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, metabolism, and cardiac contractility.
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Ma D, Zheng B, Du H, Han X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Sun S, Chu L. The Mechanism Underlying the Protective Effects of Tannic Acid Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:716. [PMID: 32499705 PMCID: PMC7242737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) belongs to a class of complex water-soluble polyphenolic derivatives that show anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and scavenging activities. Here, we investigate the protective effects of TA against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) in mice. Mice received TA and ISO dosing and were sacrificed 48 h later. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and mitochondria enzymes were measured. Cardiac histopathology was done using H&E, Sirius red, and Masson’s Trichrome staining. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to indicate changes in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein expressions in cardiac tissue. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively), c-fos, and c-jun. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p38, phosphorylated p38, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Compared to the ISO group, the TA group had reduced levels of TLR4, p38, p-p38, NF-κB (p65), p-NF-κB (p-p65), caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, as well as CK, CK-MB, and LDH. These results indicate that TA protects against ISO-induced MF, possibly through its ability to suppress the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrative Reproductive Disorders, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiru Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijiang Sun
- Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Li AY, Wang JJ, Yang SC, Zhao YS, Li JR, Liu Y, Sun JH, An LP, Guan P, Ji ES. Protective role of Gentianella acuta on isoprenaline induced myocardial fibrosis in rats via inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:733-741. [PMID: 30554111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten (G. acuta) has been widely used in Mongolian medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Ewenki and Oroqen, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and related mechanism of G. acuta on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and myocardial damage in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, ISO induced group and ISO+G. acuta treatment group. Rats were administered with ISO subcutaneously (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, and were orally administered simultaneously with aqueous extracts of G. acuta for 21 days. This investigation showed G. acuta treatment ameliorated cardiac structural disorder, excessive collagenous fiber accumulation and cardiac malfunction. Compared with the ISO induced model group, G. acuta treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) level, prevented the rise of malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased hydroxyproline contents in the heart tissues. Moreover, G. acuta reduced the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and inhibited the expression and activation of NF-κB-P65 in myocardial tissues. These results suggested that G. acuta protects against ISO-induced cardiac malfunction probably by preventing oxidative stress, and fibrosis, and the mechanism might be through inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ying Li
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sheng-Chang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ya-Shuo Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jie-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Li-Ping An
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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Liu L, Wang C, Lin Y, Xi Y, Li H, Shi S, Li H, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Xu C, Wang L. Suppression of calcium‑sensing receptor ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:111-20. [PMID: 27176663 PMCID: PMC4918534 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) releases intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) by accumulating inositol phosphate. Changes in [Ca2+]i initiate myocardial hypertrophy. Furthermore, autophagy associated with [Ca2+]i. Autophagy has previously been demonstrated to participate in the hypertrophic process. The current study investigated whether suppression of CaSR affects the hypertrophic response via modulating autophagy. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in Wistar rats. Hypertrophic status was determined by echocardiographic assessment, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's staining. The protein expression levels of CaSR and autophagy level were observed. Changes of hypertrophy and autophagy indicators were observed following intravenous injection of a CaSR inhibitor. An ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established and used determine the involvement of GdCl3. [Ca2+]i was determined using Fluo-4/AM dye followed by confocal microscopy. The expression levels of various active proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The size of the heart, expression levels of CaSR and autophagy level were markedly increased in hypertrophic myocardium. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the indicators of hypertrophy and autophagy were effectively suppressed by CaSR inhibitor. Furthermore, similar effects were demonstrated in neonatal rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes treated with ISO. It was also observed that CaSR regulates the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway induced by ISO in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibition significantly reduced the autophagy level following CaSR stimulation (P<0.05). The results of the present demonstrated that inhibition of CaSR may ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO and the effect may be associated with the inhibition of autophagy and suppression of the CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Damasceno DD, Lima MP, Motta DF, Ferreira AJ, Quintão-Junior JF, Drummond LR, Natali AJ, Almeida AP, Pesquero JL. Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 181:30-6. [PMID: 23318501 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms of interaction between tonin-angiotensin and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) we evaluated, "in vivo" and "in vitro", in Wistar rats, cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration. Arterial pressure (AP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded in awake animals before and after tonin administration. Langendorff technique was used to analyze cardiac function in isolated heart in the presence of tonin and video motion edge detection system was used to evaluate the effect of tonin upon contractile function of isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. After tonin infusion rats presented significantly higher diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) as compared with control. The ECG analysis revealed shorter RR interval, increase in the low-frequency (LF) range of the heart rate variability (HRV) power (%) and decrease in the high-frequency (HF) of HRV power (%). Isolated hearts perfused with tonin presented an increase in the arterial coronary pressure (ACP) and decline in the ventricular systolic tension (ST), maximal (dT/dt+) and minimal (dT/dt) contractility. The rates of contraction and relaxation of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were significantly increased due to the presence of tonin. The angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the coronary sinus effluent increased in the presence of tonin in a dose-dependent manner and the effect of tonin upon ACP was completely blocked by candesartan. Tonin is able to generate the vasoconstrictor peptide Ang II in the isolated heart of the rat and the cardiovascular response induced by tonin was completely blocked by candesartan, an indication that the action of Ang II on Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptors is the major mechanism of the heart effects. Tonin affects cardiomyocyte contractile function which may be due to interference with Ca(2+) handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Damasceno
- Department of Educational Development, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, MG, Brazil.
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The levels of renin-angiotensin related components are modified in the hippocampus of rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:54-62. [PMID: 22542773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) present an increased expression of angiotensin II (AngII) AT1 and AT2 receptors in the hippocampus, supporting the idea of an upregulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in this disease. This study aimed to verify the relationship between the RAS and TLE during epileptogenesis. Levels of the peptides angiotensin I (AngI), angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), were detected by HPLC assay. Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, Mas mRNA receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), tonin and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) mRNA were also quantified at the hippocampus of Wistar rats by real time PCR, during acute (n=10), silent (n=10) and chronic (n=10) phases of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. We observed an increased peptide level of Ang1-7 into acute and silent phases, decreasing importantly (p≤0.05) in the chronic phase, suggesting that AngI may be converted into Ang 1-7 by NEP, which is present in high levels in these periods. Our results also showed increased peptide level of AngII in the chronic phase of this model. In contraposition, the ACE expression is reduced in all periods. These data suggest that angiotensinogen or AngI may be cleaved to AngII by tonin, which showed increased expression in all phases. We found changes in AT1, AT2 and Mas mRNA receptors levels suggesting that Ang1-7 could act at Mas receptor during the silent period. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time, changes in angiotensin-related peptides, their receptors as well as the releasing enzymes in the hippocampus of rats during pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.
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Electroacupuncture at PC6 (Neiguan) Improves Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathways Through the Regulation of Neuroendocrine Cytokines in Myocardial Hypertrophic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:792820. [PMID: 21876715 PMCID: PMC3163147 DOI: 10.1155/2012/792820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy has been widely accepted as a useful therapeutic technique with low or no risk in the clinical prevention of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the signaling transduction mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. The current study investigates the effects of EA on the signaling pathways of myocardial hypertrophy (MH) in rats. Up to 40 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal, model, PC6 (Neiguan), and LI4 (Hegu) groups, with ten rats in each group. All the rats except for the normal group received 3 mg/kg·d of isoprinosine hydrochloride (ISO) injection into the back skin. The rats in the PC6 and LI4 groups received EA for 14 days. On the 15th day, electrocardiograms were recorded, and the ultrastructure of the myocardial cells was observed. The myocardial hypertrophy indices (MHIs), electrocardiograph (ECG), ultrastructure observation, levels of plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin (ET), as well as protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphorylation extracellular signal regulating kinase (p-ERK) in the left ventricular myocardial tissue were measured. The results indicated that EA can improve cardiac function in MH rats by modulating upstream neuroendocrine cytokines that regulate the ERK signaling pathways.
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Higashikuni Y, Takaoka M, Iwata H, Tanaka K, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Sata M. Aliskiren in combination with valsartan exerts synergistic protective effects against ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:62-9. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The potential role of the angiotensin subtype 2 receptor in cardiovascular protection. Curr Hypertens Rep 2010; 11:260-2. [PMID: 19602326 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-009-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our knowledge of the renin-angiotensin system have led to better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the development of cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disorders. Similarly, the discovery of new components of this system offers opportunities to develop new therapeutic tools to manage these diseases. Angiotensin subtype 2 (AT2) receptor represents one of those components with the potential for improving cardiovascular protection. Current knowledge suggests that the AT2 receptor antagonizes the effects of the angiotensin subtype 1 receptor. AT2 receptor activation is linked to vasodilation, nitric oxide production, and antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. The role of the AT2 receptor in inducing natriuresis, inhibiting renin release, limiting atherosclerosis, and promoting remodeling after myocardial infarction is reviewed in this article.
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Cardoso CC, Alenina N, Ferreira AJ, Qadri F, Lima MP, Gross V, Todiras M, Pesquero JB, Pesquero JL, Bader M. Increased blood pressure and water intake in transgenic mice expressing rat tonin in the brain. Biol Chem 2010; 391:435-41. [PMID: 20180641 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tonin is a serine proteinase of the kallikrein family that can produce angiotensin II directly from angiotensinogen. To clarify the importance of this enzyme for central nervous control of the cardiovascular system, we generated transgenic mice, TGM(rTon), that express rat tonin in astrocytes. These mice present high levels of tonin mRNA and activity specifically in the brain. As a consequence, TGM(rTon) develop increased blood pressure and water intake. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is less hypotensive for transgenic mice than for control animals. The AT(1) receptor antagonist candesartan equally lowers blood pressure in transgenic and in control mice. Plasma angiotensin II, but not angiotensin I, is increased in TGM(rTon) compared to the wild type, suggesting release of the peptide from the brain into the circulation. However, AT(1) receptors are desensitized in this transgenic model, as demonstrated by a blunted pressor response to intravenous application of angiotensin II. In conclusion, tonin in the brain may represent an alternative pathway for angiotensin II generation with effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele C Cardoso
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Luft FC. Novel blood pressure-related peptide hormones vying for prime time. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION : JASH 2009; 3:76-79. [PMID: 20409948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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McMurray JJ, Pitt B, Latini R, Maggioni AP, Solomon SD, Keefe DL, Ford J, Verma A, Lewsey J. Effects of the Oral Direct Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2008; 1:17-24. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.107.740704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J.V. McMurray
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Bertram Pitt
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Roberto Latini
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Aldo P. Maggioni
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Scott D. Solomon
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Deborah L. Keefe
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Jessica Ford
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Anil Verma
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
| | - Jim Lewsey
- From the BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre (J.J.V.M.) and Department of Public Health and Health Policy (J.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Michigan School of Medicine (B.P.), Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiovascular Research (R.L.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ANMCO Research Center (A.P.M.), Florence, Italy; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (S.D.S., A.V.), Boston, Mass; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (D.L.K
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Siragy HM. Angiotensin II compartmentalization within the kidney: effects of salt diet and blood pressure alterations. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15:50-3. [PMID: 16340666 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000196148.42460.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW All components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are present within the kidney. Renin, renin receptor, angiotensinogen and angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptor and aldosterone synthase messenger RNA and protein are present in close proximity to the renal vasculature and tubules. The interaction between the different components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system determines the level of activity of this system and in turn may influence the regulation of blood pressure and renal sodium handling. RECENT FINDINGS Angiotensin through the stimulation of its subtype AT2 receptor regulates sodium excretion, renin synthesis and secretion. Aldosterone synthase mRNA and protein are expressed in glomeruli, renal vasculature and tubules, and are regulated by angiotensin AT1 receptor, diabetes and salt. Although aldosterone is known to influence renal tubular channels with the subsequent enhancement of sodium reabsorption, it is not clear if the renally produced aldosterone also influences renal sodium handling or blood pressure regulation. In addition, angiotensin II influences kidney function and structure through the stimulation of renal inflammation. New data suggest that the renal AT1 receptor plays an important role in the determination of blood pressure levels, and this effect is unique and non-redundant in the actions of extrarenal AT1 receptors. SUMMARY The finding of new functions and components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system clearly adds new knowledge to our understanding of how angiotensin II influences the kidney and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1409, USA.
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