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Filippov AG, Alexandrin VV, Ivanov AV, Paltsyn AA, Sviridkina NB, Virus ED, Bulgakova PO, Burmiy JP, Kubatiev AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles Is Not Associated with Their Accumulation in the Brain of Rats. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:348. [PMID: 37504843 PMCID: PMC10381480 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (nPts) have neuroprotective/antioxidant properties, but the mechanisms of their action in cerebrovascular disease remain unclear. We investigated the brain bioavailability of nPts and their effects on brain damage, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and development of brain and systemic oxidative stress (OS) in a model of cerebral ischemia (hemorrhage + temporary bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, tBCAO) in rats. The nPts (0.04 g/L, 3 ± 1 nm diameter) were administered to rats (N = 19) intraperitoneally at the start of blood reperfusion. Measurement of CBF via laser Doppler flowmetry revealed that the nPts caused a rapid attenuation of postischemic hypoperfusion. The nPts attenuated the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the decrease in reduced aminothiols level in plasma, and the glutathione redox status in the brain, which were induced by tBCAO. The content of Pt in the brain was extremely low (≤1 ng/g). Thus, nPts, despite the extremely low brain bioavailability, can attenuate the development of brain OS, CBF dysregulation, and neuronal apoptosis. This may indicate that the neuroprotective effects of nPts are due to indirect mechanisms rather than direct activity in the brain tissue. Research on such mechanisms may offer a promising trend in the treatment of acute disorders of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Alexandrovich Paltsyn
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Petrovna Burmiy
- Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultra-High-Purity Materials, Akademika Osip'yana Str., 6, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
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Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Next Generation of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114051. [PMID: 32516998 PMCID: PMC7312789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as an attractive approach for restorative medicine in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), due to their relatively easy derivation and therapeutic effect following transplantation. However, the long-term survival of the grafted cells and therapeutic efficacy need improvement. Here, we review the recent application of MSCs in TBI treatment in preclinical models. We discuss the genetic modification approaches designed to enhance the therapeutic potency of MSCs for TBI treatment by improving their survival after transplantation, enhancing their homing abilities and overexpressing neuroprotective and neuroregenerative factors. We highlight the latest preclinical studies that have used genetically modified MSCs for TBI treatment. The recent developments in MSCs’ biology and potential TBI therapeutic targets may sufficiently improve the genetic modification strategies for MSCs, potentially bringing effective MSC-based therapies for TBI treatment in humans.
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Toth P, Szarka N, Farkas E, Ezer E, Czeiter E, Amrein K, Ungvari Z, Hartings JA, Buki A, Koller A. Traumatic brain injury-induced autoregulatory dysfunction and spreading depression-related neurovascular uncoupling: Pathomechanisms, perspectives, and therapeutic implications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1118-H1131. [PMID: 27614225 PMCID: PMC5504422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00267.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem worldwide. In addition to its high mortality (35-40%), survivors are left with cognitive, behavioral, and communicative disabilities. While little can be done to reverse initial primary brain damage caused by trauma, the secondary injury of cerebral tissue due to cerebromicrovascular alterations and dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is potentially preventable. This review focuses on functional, cellular, and molecular changes of autoregulatory function of CBF (with special focus on cerebrovascular myogenic response) that occur in cerebral circulation after TBI and explores the links between autoregulatory dysfunction, impaired myogenic response, microvascular impairment, and the development of secondary brain damage. We further provide a synthesized translational view of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cortical spreading depolarization-related neurovascular dysfunction, which could be targeted for the prevention or amelioration of TBI-induced secondary brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Toth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary;
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nikolett Szarka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsebet Ezer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jed A Hartings
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; and
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Shazeeb MS, Feula G, Bogdanov A. Liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase mimetic: theranostic potential of an MR detectable and neuroprotective agent. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:221-8. [PMID: 24700749 PMCID: PMC3979542 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous manganese based superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) provides the primary defense against excess production of potentially toxic superoxide anion (O2 (-) ). M40401 is a synthetic enzyme mimetic that has a catalytic activity rate exceeding that of the native SOD enzymes. The presence of a paramagnetic Mn(II) cation in M40401 suggests that the delivery and spatial distribution of this enzyme mimetic in vivo may be directly detectible using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the cardiotoxicity of Mn(II) severely limits the use of free M40401 in living systems. To deliver M40401 in vivo in amounts sufficient for MRI detection and to limit potential cardiotoxicity, we encapsulated M40401 into 170 nm liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and PEGylated phosphatidylethanolamine to achieve extended circulation in the bloodstream. The obtained liposomes efficiently catalyzed superoxide dismutation in vitro. Using 3 T MRI we investigated the biokinetics of liposome-encapsulated M40401 in mice and found that, in addition to catalyzing superoxide dismutation in vitro, M40401 caused differential and region-specific enhancement of mouse brain after systemic administration. Thus, liposome encapsulated M40401 is an ideal candidate for development as a theranostic compound useful for simultaneous MRI-mediated tracking of delivery as well as for neuroprotective treatment of ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salman Shazeeb
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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Chrissobolis S, Faraci FM. The role of oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase in cerebrovascular disease. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:495-502. [PMID: 18929509 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress remains a very active area of biological research, particularly in relation to cellular signaling and the role of ROS in disease. In the cerebral circulation, oxidative stress occurs in diverse forms of disease and with aging. Within the vessel wall, ROS produce complex structural and functional changes that have broad implications for regulation of cerebral perfusion and permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These oxidative-stress-induced changes are thought to contribute to the progression of cerebrovascular disease. Here, we highlight recent findings in relation to oxidative stress in the cerebral vasculature, with an emphasis on the emerging role for NADPH oxidases as a source of ROS and the role of ROS in models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Shen F, Wen L, Yang X, Liu W. The potential application of gene therapy in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 2007; 30:291-8; discussion 298. [PMID: 17687574 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-007-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have allowed the possibility of using gene therapy in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The major tactics involve picking out the appropriate gene target and, by controlling its specific regional expression, inhibiting neuronal cell deaths and/or promoting neuronal regeneration. This review addresses the preliminary usage of gene therapy in in vitro experiments and in animal models to treat traumatic brain injury. The gene targets with therapeutic potentials, the vectors that can be employed to deliver the candidate genes, as well as different approaches for gene therapy are discussed in detail in this review. Despite the existence of several major obstacles to making it practical and effective, gene therapy could provide a new strategy for treatment of the traumatically injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, 310003 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One of the major contributors to brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is oxidative stress, and 1 of the major enzymatic sources of superoxide anion production in the brain is NADPH oxidase. Therefore, we studied whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) suppresses neuronal NADPH oxidase in a rat model of SAH. METHODS Eighty-three Sprague-Dawley male rats were assigned to sham, SAH, and SAH treated with HBO groups. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. HBO (2.8 atmospheres absolutes for 2 hours) was started at 1 hour after perforation. Rats were euthanized at 6 or 24 hours, and brains were collected for histology, biochemistry, and molecular biology studies including NADPH oxidase activity, gp91phox mRNA expression, and lipid peroxidation assays. Mortality and neurological scores were evaluated. RESULTS We observed an increased neuronal immunoreactivity of gp91phox at 24 hours after SAH. The upregulation of gp91phox mRNA was associated with increased oxidative stress. HBO decreased NADPH oxidase expression, activity, and the level of oxidative stress at 24 hours after SAH. HBO reduced neuronal injury and improved functional performance throughout the observation period. CONCLUSIONS HBO suppresses NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress in cerebral tissues at 24 hours after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Ogasawara K, Inoue T, Kobayashi M, Endo H, Fukuda T, Ogawa A. Pretreatment with the Free Radical Scavenger Edaravone Prevents Cerebral Hyperperfusion after Carotid Endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:1060-7. [PMID: 15509312 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000140838.27450.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a rare but potentially devastating complication. The purpose of the present study, which was not a randomized controlled trial but a case cohort study with historical control, was to determine whether pretreatment with a novel free radical scavenger, edaravone, could prevent occurrence of cerebral hyperperfusion after CEA.
METHODS:
Fifty patients with ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) underwent CEA with administration of edaravone before internal carotid artery clamping. Preoperative cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to acetazolamide were assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Cerebral blood flow also was measured immediately after CEA and on the 3rd postoperative day.
RESULTS:
Cerebral hyperperfusion (cerebral blood flow increase ≥100% compared with preoperative values) was revealed by SPECT performed immediately after CEA in only one patient (2%), who also exhibited reduced preoperative CVR. The incidence of post-CEA hyperperfusion as revealed by SPECT in the control group (51 CEA patients without administration of edaravone) was significantly higher (16%) (P= 0.0310, control versus treatment group). In addition, in a subgroup of patients with reduced preoperative CVR, the incidence of post-CEA hyperperfusion as revealed by SPECT in the edaravone group (7%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (67%) (P= 0.0029). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduced preoperative CVR and absence of pretreatment with edaravone were significant independent predictors of post-CEA hyperperfusion as revealed by SPECT.
CONCLUSION:
Pretreatment with edaravone can prevent occurrence of cerebral hyperperfusion after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
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Fabian RH, Perez-Polo JR, Kent TA. Extracellular superoxide concentration increases following cerebral hypoxia but does not affect cerebral blood flow. Int J Dev Neurosci 2004; 22:225-30. [PMID: 15245758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow during and following hypoxia and ischemia contribute to the progression of tissue injury. Oxidative stress during and following hypoxia is known to markedly increase superoxide anion concentration. There is conflicting evidence that the concentration of superoxide anion regulates cerebral blood flow through its effect on vascular tone, although difficulties in measurement of superoxide anion complicate these studies. In order to test the hypothesis that changes in cerebral blood flow during and following hypoxia are due to changes in extracellular superoxide anion levels, we examined tissue oxygen levels by fiberoptic oximetry and superoxide anion levels using a previously validated cytochrome c coated electrode on the cortical surface and correlated these measurements to cerebral blood flow measured by laser Doppler in rats subjected to 20 min of hypoxia followed by hyperoxic reoxygenation recovery. The results showed a burst of superoxide anion with the onset of reoxygenation that temporally correlated with a transient peak in tissue oxygen tension lasting 10 min. and was eliminated by pretreatment with Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase conjugated to polyethylene glycol. Cerebral blood flow did not differ during hypoxia or recovery in the polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase and control treatment groups. This study demonstrated no effect of increased superoxide anion concentration on cerebral blood flow during hyperoxic recovery following hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic H Fabian
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Blood vessels express 3 isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD): cytosolic or copper-zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD), manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) localized in mitochondria, and an extracellular form of CuZn-SOD (EC-SOD). Because there are no selective pharmacological inhibitors of individual SOD isoforms, the functional importance of the different SODs has been difficult to define. Recent molecular approaches, primarily the use of genetically-altered mice and viral-mediated gene transfer, have allowed investigators to begin to define the role of specific SOD isoforms in vascular biology. This review will focus mainly on the role of individual SODs in relation to endothelium under normal conditions and in disease states. This area is important because reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion are thought to play major roles in changes in vascular structure and function in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1081, USA.
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Shin HK, Lee JH, Kim CD, Kim YK, Hong JY, Hong KW. Prevention of impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation during acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage by gene transfer of Cu/Zn SOD-1 to cerebral vessels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003; 23:111-20. [PMID: 12500096 DOI: 10.1097/01.wcb.0000036561.60552.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study determined whether gene transfer of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-1 (Cu/Zn SOD-1) prevented the autoregulatory impairment of CBF induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). After application of recombinant adenovirus (100 microL of 1 x 10(10) pfu/mL, intracisternally) encoding human Cu/Zn SOD-1 3 days before experiments, Cu/Zn SOD-1 activity significantly increased in association with increase in Cu/Zn SOD-1 mRNA and protein expression in the cerebral vasculature of both sham-operated and SAH rats as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, and SAH-induced increase in superoxide anion was markedly reduced in accordance with increased nitric oxide production. In line with these findings, rats that received human Cu/Zn SOD-1 therapy showed the prominent restoration of blunted vasodilation of the pial artery in response to calcitonin gene-related peptide and levcromakalim, and the recovery of impaired autoregulatory vasodilation in response to acute hypotension, thereby leading to significant restoration of CBF autoregulation. These results provide a rational basis for application of Cu/Zn SOD-1 gene therapy for protection of the impairment of autoregulatory CBF during the acute stage of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Research Institute of Genetic Engineering, Pusan National University, Seo-Gu, Busan, South Korea
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