1
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Preston KJ, Kawai T, Torimoto K, Kuroda R, Nakayama Y, Akiyama T, Kimura Y, Scalia R, Autieri MV, Rizzo V, Hashimoto T, Osei-Owusu P, Eguchi S. Mitochondrial fission inhibition protects against hypertension induced by angiotensin II. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1338-1349. [PMID: 38383894 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in various types of cardiovascular disease including hypertension. Mitochondrial fission fusion balance is critical to mitochondrial quality control, whereas enhanced fission has been reported in several models of cardiovascular disease. However, limited information is available regarding the contribution of mitochondrial fission in hypertension. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that inhibition of mitochondrial fission attenuates the development of hypertension and associated vascular remodeling. In C57BL6 mice infused with angiotensin II for 2 weeks, co-treatment of mitochondrial fission inhibitor, mdivi1, significantly inhibited angiotensin II-induced development of hypertension assessed by radiotelemetry. Histological assessment of hearts and aortas showed that mdivi1 inhibited vessel fibrosis and hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. This was associated with attenuation of angiotensin II-induced decline in mitochondrial aspect ratio seen in both the endothelial and medial layers of aortas. Mdivi1 also mitigated angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy assessed by heart weight-to-body weight ratio as well as by echocardiography. In ex vivo experiments, mdivi1 inhibited vasoconstriction and abolished the enhanced vascular reactivity by angiotensin II in small mesenteric arteries. Proteomic analysis on endothelial cell culture media with angiotensin II and/or mdivi1 treatment revealed that mdivi1 inhibited endothelial cell hypersecretory phenotype induced by angiotensin II. In addition, mdivi1 attenuated angiotensin II-induced protein induction of periostin, a myofibroblast marker in cultured vascular fibroblasts. In conclusion, these data suggest that mdivi1 prevented angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling via multicellular mechanisms in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Preston
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ryohei Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix AZ, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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2
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Paz-Cruz E, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramirez P, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ibarra-Castillo R, Laso-Bayas JL, Onofre-Ruiz P, Domenech N, Ibarra-Rodriguez AA, Zambrano AK. Associations of MYPN, TTN, SCN5A, MYO6 and ELN Mutations With Arrhythmias and Subsequent Sudden Cardiac Death: A Case Report of an Ecuadorian Individual. Cardiol Res 2023; 14:409-415. [PMID: 37936622 PMCID: PMC10627373 DOI: 10.14740/cr1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathologies are among the most frequent causes of death worldwide. Regarding cardiovascular deaths, it is estimated that 5 million cases are caused by sudden cardiac death (SCD) annually. The primary cause of SCD is ventricular arrhythmias. Genomic studies have provided pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variants of uncertain significance that may predispose individuals to cardiac causes of sudden death. In this study, we describe the case of a 43-year-old individual who experienced an episode of aborted SCD. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed to prevent further SCD episodes. The diagnosis was ventricular fibrillation. Genomic analysis revealed some variants in the MYPN (pathogenic), GCKR (likely pathogenic), TTN (variant of uncertain significance), SCN5A (variant of uncertain significance), MYO6 (variant of uncertain significance), and ELN (variant of uncertain significance) genes, which could be associated with SCD episodes. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was obtained, with proteins related to ventricular arrhythmia and the biological processes involved. Therefore, this study identified genetic variants that may be associated with and trigger SCD in the individual. Moreover, genetic variants of uncertain significance, which have not been reported, could contribute to the genetic basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Viviana A Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Paul Onofre-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nieves Domenech
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de A Coruna (INIBIC) - CIBERCV, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruna (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad da Coruna (UDC), Spain
| | | | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigacion Genetica y Genomica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
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3
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Dixon AJ, Osei-Owusu P. Elastin haploinsufficiency accelerates age-related structural and functional changes in the renal microvasculature and impairment of renal hemodynamics in female mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141094. [PMID: 37179824 PMCID: PMC10167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in functional elastin is associated with increased arterial stiffness, a known risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. While the contribution of elastin insufficiency to the stiffening of conduit arteries is well described, little is known about the impact on the structure and function of the resistance vasculature, which contributes to total peripheral resistance and the regulation of organ perfusion. In this study, we determined how elastin insufficiency impinges on age-related changes in the structure and biomechanical properties of the renal microvasculature, altering renal hemodynamics and the response of the renal vascular bed to changes in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) in female mice. Using Doppler ultrasonography, we found that resistive index and pulsatility index were elevated in young Eln +/- and aged mice. Histological examination showed thinner internal and external elastic laminae, accompanied by increased elastin fragmentation in the medial layer without any calcium deposits in the small intrarenal arteries of kidneys from young Eln +/- and aged mice. Pressure myography of interlobar arteries showed that vessels from young Eln +/- and aged mice had a slight decrease in distensibility during pressure loading but a substantial decline in vascular recoil efficiency upon pressure unloading. To examine whether structural changes in the renal microvasculature influenced renal hemodynamics, we clamped neurohumoral input and increased renal perfusion pressure by simultaneously occluding the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Increased renal perfusion pressure caused robust changes in blood pressure in all groups; however, changes in renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow (RBF) were blunted in young Eln +/- and aged mice, accompanied by decreased autoregulatory index, indicating greater impairment of renal autoregulation. Finally, increased pulse pressure in aged Eln +/- mice positively correlated with high renal blood flow. Together, our data show that the loss of elastin negatively affects the structural and functional integrity of the renal microvasculature, ultimately worsening age-related decline in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia J Dixon
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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4
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Brengle BM, Lin M, Roth RA, Jones KD, Wagenseil JE, Mecham RP, Halabi CM. A new mouse model of elastin haploinsufficiency highlights the importance of elastin to vascular development and blood pressure regulation. Matrix Biol 2023; 117:1-14. [PMID: 36773748 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is an autosomal dominant disease resulting from elastin (ELN) haploinsufficiency. Individuals with SVAS typically develop a thickened arterial media with an increased number of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers and stenosis superior to the aortic valve. A mouse model of SVAS (Eln+/-) was generated that recapitulates many aspects of the human disease, including increased medial SMC layers and elastic lamellae, large artery stiffness, and hypertension. The vascular changes in these mice were thought to be responsible for the hypertension phenotype. However, a renin gene (Ren) duplication in the original 129/Sv genetic background and carried through numerous strain backcrosses raised the possibility of renin-mediated effects on blood pressure. To exclude excess renin activity as a disease modifier, we utilized the Cre-LoxP system to rederive Eln hemizygous mice on a pure C57BL/6 background (Sox2-Cre;Elnf/f). Here we show that Sox2-Cre;Eln+/f mice, with a single Ren1 gene and normal renin levels, phenocopy the original global knockout line. Characteristic traits include an increased number of elastic lamellae and SMC layers, stiff elastic arteries, and systolic hypertension with widened pulse pressure. Importantly, small resistance arteries of Sox2-Cre;Eln+/f mice exhibit a significant change in endothelial cell function and hypercontractility to angiotensin II, findings that point to pathway-specific alterations in resistance arteries that contribute to the hypertensive phenotype. These data confirm that the cardiovascular changes, particularly systolic hypertension, seen in Eln+/- mice are due to Eln hemizygosity rather than Ren duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Brengle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kara D Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Winder NR, Reeve EH, Kronquist EK, Khurana A, Lee B, Nguyen T, Henson GD, Walker AE. High pulse pressure impairs cerebral artery endothelial function in young, but not old, mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112101. [PMID: 36690049 PMCID: PMC9974894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of vascular aging is increased pulse pressure. This elevated pulse pressure is associated with deleterious effects on cerebral vascular function; however, it is unknown if age modulates the susceptibility to high pulse pressure. To examine the effects of age on the cerebral artery response to pulse pressure, we studied isolated cerebral arteries collected from young (6.1 ± 0.2 mo) and old (26.7 ± 0.5 mo) male C57BL/6 mice. Isolated cerebral arteries were exposed ex vivo to static pressure, low pulse pressure (25 mmHg), and high pulse pressure (50 mmHg). In cerebral arteries from young mice, endothelium-dependent dilation was similar between the static and low pulse pressure conditions. Exposure to high pulse pressure impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in cerebral arteries from young mice, mediated by less nitric oxide bioavailability and greater oxidative stress. Cerebral arteries from old mice had impaired cerebral artery endothelium-dependent dilation at static pressure compared with young cerebral arteries. However, exposure to low or high pulse pressure did not cause any further impairments to endothelium-dependent dilation in old cerebral arteries compared with static pressure. The old cerebral arteries had less distension during exposure to high pulse pressure and greater stiffness compared with young cerebral arteries. These results indicate that acute exposure to high pulse pressure impairs endothelium-dependent dilation in young, but not old, cerebral arteries. The greater stiffness of cerebral arteries from old mice potentially protects against the negative consequences of high pulse pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Winder
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Emily H Reeve
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Elise K Kronquist
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Aleena Khurana
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Byron Lee
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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6
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Zhang R, Xu X, Chen X, Hao C, Ji Z, Zuo P, Yang M, Ma G, Li Y. Upregulation of key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were associated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:592. [PMID: 35964009 PMCID: PMC9375926 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common pre-conditions that accompanies heart failure. This study aimed to identify the key pathogenic genes in the disease process. Methods GSE18224 was re-analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. Networks of transcription factor (TF)-mRNA, microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) were constructed, and a key module was further screened out from PPI network. GSE36074 dataset and our transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model were used to validate gene expression in the module. Finally, the correlation between the genes and biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy were evaluated. Results Totally, there were 348 DEGs in GSE18224, which were mainly enriched in biological processes including collagen fibril organization, cellular response to transforming growth factor-beta stimulus and were involved in ECM-receptor interaction and Oxytocin signaling pathway. There were 387 miRNAs targeted by 257 DEGs, while 177 TFs targeted 71 DEGs. The PPI network contained 222 nodes and 770 edges, with 18 genes screened out into the module. After validation, 8 genes, which were also significantly upregulated in the GSE36074 dataset, were selected from the 18 DEGs. 2 of the 8 DEGs, including Eln and Tgfb3 were significantly upregulated in our mouse model of myocardial hypertrophy. Finally, the expression of Eln and Tgfb3 were found to be positively correlated with the level of the disease biomarkers. Conclusions Upregulated key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were positively correlated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08778-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chunshu Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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7
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De Munck DG, Leloup AJA, De Moudt S, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Mouse aortic biomechanics are affected by short-term defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:7. [PMID: 35277137 PMCID: PMC10717727 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) cells is affected by autophagy, a catabolic cellular mechanism responsible for nutrient recycling. Autophagy-inducing compounds may reverse arterial stiffening, whereas congenital VSMC-specific autophagy deficiency promotes arterial stiffening. The elevated aortic stiffness in 3.5-month-old C57Bl/6 mice, in which the essential autophagy-related gene Atg7 was specifically deleted in the VSMCs (Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice) was mainly due to passive aortic wall remodeling. The present study investigated whether aortic stiffness was also modulated by a shorter duration of autophagy deficiency. Therefore, aortic segments of 2-month-old Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice were studied. Similarly to the older mice, autophagy deficiency in VSMCs promoted aortic stiffening by elastin degradation and elastin breaks, and increased the expression of the calcium binding protein S100A4 (+ 157%), the aortic wall thickness (+ 27%), the sensitivity of the VSMCs to depolarization and the contribution of VGCC mediated Ca2+ influx to α1 adrenergic contractions. Hence, all these phenomena occurred before the age of 2 months. When compared to autophagy deficiency in VSMCs at 3.5 months, shorter term autophagy deficiency led to higher segment diameter at 80 mmHg (+ 7% versus - 2%), normal baseline tonus (versus increased), unchanged IP3-mediated phasic contractions (versus enhanced), and enhanced endothelial cell function (versus normal). Overall, and because in vivo cardiac parameters or aortic pulse wave velocity were not affected, these observations indicate that congenital autophagy deficiency in VSMCs of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice initiates compensatory mechanisms to maintain circulatory homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien G De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur J A Leloup
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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Lin M, Roth RA, Kozel BA, Mecham RP, Halabi CM. Loss of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Improves Blood Pressure in Elastin Insufficiency. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:782138. [PMID: 34790711 PMCID: PMC8591102 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.782138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence supporting a role for angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in counterbalancing the effects of angiotensin II (ang II) through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor by promoting vasodilation and having anti-inflammatory effects. Elastin insufficiency in both humans and mice results in large artery stiffness and systolic hypertension. Unexpectedly, mesenteric arteries from elastin insufficient (Eln+/−) mice were shown to have significant vasoconstriction to AT2R agonism in vitro suggesting that AT2R may have vasoconstrictor effects in elastin insufficiency. Given the potential promise for the use of AT2R agonists clinically, the goal of this study was to determine whether AT2R has vasoconstrictive effects in elastin insufficiency in vivo. To avoid off-target effects of agonists and antagonists, mice lacking AT2R (Agtr2−/Y) were bred to Eln+/− mice and cardiovascular parameters were assessed in wild-type (WT), Agtr2−/Y, Eln+/−, and Agtr2−/Y;Eln+/− littermates. As previously published, Agtr2−/Y mice were normotensive at baseline and had no large artery stiffness, while Eln+/− mice exhibited systolic hypertension and large artery stiffness. Loss of AT2R in Eln+/− mice did not affect large artery stiffness or arterial structure but resulted in significant reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These data support a potential vasocontractile role for AT2R in elastin insufficiency. Careful consideration and investigation are necessary to determine the patient population that might benefit from the use of AT2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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9
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Ogola BO, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Harris NR, Gentry KL, Gunda SS, Kilanowski-Doroh I, Wong TJ, Visniauskas B, Lawrence DJ, Zimmerman MA, Bayer CL, Groban L, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. Sex and the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Impact Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2021; 78:e1-e14. [PMID: 34024124 PMCID: PMC8192475 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard O. Ogola
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabrielle L. Clark
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caleb M. Abshire
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Kaylee L. Gentry
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shreya S. Gunda
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Tristen J. Wong
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dylan J. Lawrence
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn L. Bayer
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kristin S. Miller
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
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10
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Zhu J, Angelov S, Alp Yildirim I, Wei H, Hu JH, Majesky MW, Brozovich FV, Kim F, Dichek DA. Loss of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Causes Endothelial Dysfunction and Aortic Hypercontractility. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1956-1971. [PMID: 33853348 PMCID: PMC8159907 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm/physiopathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Female
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/deficiency
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Zhu
- Surgery (J.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stoyan Angelov
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ilkay Alp Yildirim
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Now with Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (I.A.Y.)
| | - Hao Wei
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jie Hong Hu
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Pediatrics (M.W.M.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.W.M., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
- The Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA (M.W.M.)
| | - Frank V Brozovich
- Department of Medicine, Mayo School of Medicine, Rochester, MN (F.V.B.)
| | - Francis Kim
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David A Dichek
- Departments of Medicine (S.A., I.A.Y., H.W., J.H.H., F.K., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (M.W.M., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
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11
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Troia A, Knutsen RH, Halabi CM, Malide D, Yu ZX, Wardlaw-Pickett A, Kronquist EK, Tsang KM, Kovacs A, Mecham RP, Kozel BA. Inhibition of NOX1 Mitigates Blood Pressure Increases in Elastin Insufficiency. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab015. [PMID: 34223172 PMCID: PMC8248879 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastin (ELN) insufficiency leads to the cardiovascular hallmarks of the contiguous gene deletion disorder, Williams-Beuren syndrome, including hypertension and vascular stiffness. Previous studies showed that Williams-Beuren syndrome deletions, which extended to include the NCF1 gene, were associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced vascular stiffness. NCF1 encodes for p47phox, the regulatory component of the NOX1 NADPH oxidase complex that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular wall. Dihydroethidium and 8-hydroxyguanosine staining of mouse aortas confirmed that Eln heterozygotes (Eln+/- ) had greater ROS levels than the wild-types (Eln+/+ ), a finding that was negated in vessels cultured without hemodynamic stressors. To analyze the Nox effect on ELN insufficiency, we used both genetic and chemical manipulations. Both Ncf1 haploinsufficiency (Ncf1+/- ) and Nox1 insufficiency (Nox1-/y ) decreased oxidative stress and systolic BP in Eln+/- without modifying vascular structure. Chronic treatment with apocynin, a p47phox inhibitor, lowered systolic BP in Eln+/- , but had no impact on Eln+/+ controls. In vivo dosing with phenylephrine (PE) produced an augmented BP response in Eln+/- relative to Eln+/+ , and genetic modifications or drug-based interventions that lower Nox1 expression reduced the hypercontractile response to PE in Eln+/- mice to Eln+/+ levels. These results indicate that the mechanical and structural differences caused by ELN insufficiency leading to oscillatory flow can perpetuate oxidative stress conditions, which are linked to hypertension, and that by lowering the Nox1-mediated capacity for vascular ROS production, BP differences can be normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Troia
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell H Knutsen
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Wardlaw-Pickett
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise K Kronquist
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kit Man Tsang
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Address correspondence to B.A.K. (e-mail: )
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elastin has historically been described as an amorphous protein that functions to provide recoil to tissues that stretch. However, evidence is growing that elastin's role may not be limited to biomechanics. In this minireview, we will summarize current knowledge regarding vascular elastic fibers, focusing on structural differences along the arterial tree and how those differences may influence the behavior of affiliated cells. RECENT FINDINGS Regional heterogeneity, including differences in elastic lamellar number, density and cell developmental origin, plays an important role in vessel health and function. These differences impact cell-cell communication, proliferation and movement. Perturbations of normal cell-matrix interactions are correlated with human diseases including aneurysm, atherosclerosis and hypertension. SUMMARY Although classically described as a structural protein, recent data suggest that differences in elastin deposition along the arterial tree have important effects on heterotypic cell interactions and human disease.
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13
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Chemokine mediated signalling within arteries promotes vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. Commun Biol 2020; 3:734. [PMID: 33277595 PMCID: PMC7719186 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) on arteries versus veins during early development is a well-described phenomenon, but the molecular pathways underlying this polarization are not well understood. In zebrafish, the cxcr4a receptor (mammalian CXCR4) and its ligand cxcl12b (mammalian CXCL12) are both preferentially expressed on arteries at time points consistent with the arrival and differentiation of the first vSMCs during vascular development. We show that autocrine cxcl12b/cxcr4 activity leads to increased production of the vSMC chemoattractant ligand pdgfb by endothelial cells in vitro and increased expression of pdgfb by arteries of zebrafish and mice in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that expression of the blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a in primitive veins negatively regulates cxcr4/cxcl12 and pdgfb expression, restricting vSMC recruitment to the arterial vasculature. Together, this signalling axis leads to the differential acquisition of vSMCs at sites where klf2a expression is low and both cxcr4a and pdgfb are co-expressed, i.e. arteries during early development. Stratman et al. provide evidence linking the cxcl12b/cxcr4a signaling axis in endothelial cells to an increased release of platelet-derived growth factor b, leading to the recruitment of smooth muscle cells to developing arteries. This signalling axis is suppressed in the venous endothelium during early development by the high expression of blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a.
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14
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Koch JN, Dahlen SA, Owens EA, Osei-Owusu P. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 Facilitates Uterine Artery Adaptation During Pregnancy in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010917. [PMID: 31030617 PMCID: PMC6512123 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Decreased uterine blood flow is known to contribute to pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Previously, we showed that the loss of regulator of G protein signaling 2 ( RGS 2), a GTP ase activating protein for Gq/11 and Gi/o class G proteins, decreases uterine blood flow in the nonpregnant state in mice. Here, we examined the effects of the absence of RGS 2 and 5 on uterine blood flow and uterine vascular structure and function at early, mid, and late gestation, as well as peripartum period in mice. Methods and Results Abdominal Doppler ultrasonography was performed on adult female wild-type, Rgs2-/-, and Rgs5-/- mice at pre-pregnancy, gestational days 10, 15, and 18, and postpartum day 3. Uterine artery structure and function were also assessed by vessel myograph studies. At mid-pregnancy, uterine blood flow decreased in both Rgs2-/- and Rgs5-/- mice, whereas resistive index increased only in Rgs2-/- mice. In uterine arteries from wild-type mice, mRNA expression of RGS 2 and 4 increased, whereas RGS 5 expression remained elevated at mid-pregnancy. These changes in gene expression were unique to uterine arteries because they were absent in mesenteric arteries and the aorta of wild-type mice. In Rgs2-/- mice, uterine artery medial cross-sectional area and G protein-coupled receptor-mediated vasoconstriction increased in mid-pregnancy, implicating a role for RGS 2 in structural and functional remodeling of uterine arteries during pregnancy. In contrast, RGS 5 absence increased vasoconstriction only in the peripartum period. Conclusions These data together indicate that RGS 2 plays a critical role in the structural and functional remodeling of uterine arteries to impact uterine blood flow during pregnancy. Targeting the signaling pathway regulated by RGS 2 may therefore be a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating utero-placental perfusion disorders during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Koch
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Shelby A Dahlen
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Elizabeth A Owens
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
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15
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Dunlap JD, Green MC, Shah AM, Kibby BT, Billmire DF. Cardiac arrest after induction of anesthesia in a 2-month-old infant with undiagnosed Williams syndrome. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 22:210-212. [PMID: 30971606 PMCID: PMC6489387 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-month-old male infant presented for elective repair of inguinal hernias. His preoperative medical history and physical examination were unremarkable. During induction of anesthesia, the infant sustained an adverse cardiac event. The event was characterized by tachycardia, hypotension, and massive ST-segment elevation. Despite vigorous resuscitation, spontaneous hemodynamic stability could not be achieved and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed severe hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. As effective cardiac function did not recover and there was evidence of diffuse ischemic brain injury, life support was withdrawn. Genetic testing performed postoperatively was definitive for Williams syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Dunlap
- Department of Clinical Anaesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5200, USA
| | - Morton C Green
- Department of Clinical Anaesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5200, USA
| | - Aali M Shah
- Department of Clinical Anaesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5200, USA
| | - Brandon T Kibby
- Department of Clinical Anaesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5200, USA
| | - Deborah F Billmire
- Department of Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5200, USA
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16
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Lin CJ, Staiculescu MC, Hawes JZ, Cocciolone AJ, Hunkins BM, Roth RA, Lin CY, Mecham RP, Wagenseil JE. Heterogeneous Cellular Contributions to Elastic Laminae Formation in Arterial Wall Development. Circ Res 2019; 125:1006-1018. [PMID: 31590613 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Elastin is an important ECM (extracellular matrix) protein in large and small arteries. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) produce the layered elastic laminae found in elastic arteries but synthesize little elastin in muscular arteries. However, muscular arteries have a well-defined internal elastic lamina (IEL) that separates endothelial cells (ECs) from SMCs. The extent to which ECs contribute elastin to the IEL is unknown. OBJECTIVE To use targeted elastin (Eln) deletion in mice to explore the relative contributions of SMCs and ECs to elastic laminae formation in different arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS We used SMC- and EC-specific Cre recombinase transgenes with a novel floxed Eln allele to focus gene inactivation in mice. Inactivation of Eln in SMCs using Sm22aCre resulted in depletion of elastic laminae in the arterial wall with the exception of the IEL and SMC clusters in the outer media near the adventitia. Inactivation of elastin in ECs using Tie2Cre or Cdh5Cre resulted in normal medial elastin and a typical IEL in elastic arteries. In contrast, the IEL was absent or severely disrupted in muscular arteries. Interruptions in the IEL resulted in neointimal formation in the ascending aorta but not in muscular arteries. CONCLUSIONS Combined with lineage-specific fate mapping systems, our knockout results document an unexpected heterogeneity in vascular cells that produce the elastic laminae. SMCs and ECs can independently form an IEL in most elastic arteries, whereas ECs are the major source of elastin for the IEL in muscular and resistance arteries. Neointimal formation at IEL disruptions in the ascending aorta confirms that the IEL is a critical physical barrier between SMCs and ECs in the large elastic arteries. Our studies provide new information about how SMCs and ECs contribute elastin to the arterial wall and how local elastic laminae defects may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.-J.L., B.M.H., R.A.R., R.P.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (C.-J.L.)
| | - Marius C Staiculescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (M.C.S., J.Z.H., J.E.W.)
| | - Jie Z Hawes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (M.C.S., J.Z.H., J.E.W.)
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.J.C.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bridget M Hunkins
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.-J.L., B.M.H., R.A.R., R.P.M.)
| | - Robyn A Roth
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.-J.L., B.M.H., R.A.R., R.P.M.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Pathology and Immunology (C.-Y.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert P Mecham
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (C.-J.L., B.M.H., R.A.R., R.P.M.)
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (M.C.S., J.Z.H., J.E.W.)
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17
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Stoka KV, Maedeker JA, Bennett L, Bhayani SA, Gardner WS, Procknow JD, Cocciolone AJ, Walji TA, Craft CS, Wagenseil JE. Effects of Increased Arterial Stiffness on Atherosclerotic Plaque Amounts. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2672193. [PMID: 29392300 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis in humans, but there have been limited animal studies investigating the relationship between these factors. We bred elastin wildtype (Eln+/+) and heterozygous (Eln+/-) mice to apolipoprotein E wildtype (Apoe+/+) and knockout (Apoe-/-) mice and fed them normal diet (ND) or Western diet (WD) for 12 weeks. Eln+/- mice have increased arterial stiffness. Apoe-/- mice develop atherosclerosis on ND that is accelerated by WD. It has been reported that Apoe-/- mice have increased arterial stiffness and that the increased stiffness may play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. We found that Eln+/+Apoe-/- arterial stiffness is similar to Eln+/+Apoe+/+ mice at physiologic pressures, suggesting that changes in stiffness do not play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression in Apoe-/- mice. We found that Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice have increased structural arterial stiffness compared to Eln+/+Apoe-/- mice, but they only have increased amounts of ascending aortic plaque on ND, not WD. The results suggest a change in atherosclerosis progression but not end stage disease in Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice due to increased arterial stiffness. Possible contributing factors include increased blood pressure and changes in circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) that are also associated with Eln+/- genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie V Stoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Justine A Maedeker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Lisa Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Siddharth A Bhayani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - William S Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jesse D Procknow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Tezin A Walji
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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18
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Kim J, Cocciolone AJ, Staiculescu MC, Mecham RP, Wagenseil JE. Captopril treatment during development alleviates mechanically induced aortic remodeling in newborn elastin knockout mice. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:99-112. [PMID: 31270728 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of elastin and collagen in the aorta correlates with increases in blood pressure and flow during development, suggesting that the aorta adjusts its mechanical properties in response to hemodynamic stresses. Elastin knockout (Eln-/-) mice have high blood pressure and pathological remodeling of the aorta and die soon after birth. We hypothesized that decreasing blood pressure in Eln-/- mice during development may reduce hemodynamic stresses and alleviate pathological remodeling of the aorta. We treated Eln+/+ and Eln-/- mice with the anti-hypertensive medication captopril throughout embryonic development and then evaluated left ventricular (LV) pressure and aortic remodeling at birth. We found that captopril treatment decreased Eln-/- LV pressure to values near Eln+/+ mice and alleviated the wall thickening and changes in mechanical behavior observed in untreated Eln-/- aorta. The changes in thickness and mechanical behavior in captopril-treated Eln-/- aorta were not due to alterations in measured elastin or collagen amounts, but may have been caused by alterations in smooth muscle cell (SMC) properties. We used a constitutive model to understand how changes in stress contributions of each wall component could explain the observed changes in composite mechanical behavior. Our modeling results show that alterations in the collagen natural configuration and SMC properties in the absence of elastin may explain untreated Eln-/- aortic behavior and that partial rescue of the SMC properties may account for captopril-treated Eln-/- aortic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., CB 1185, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marius C Staiculescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., CB 1185, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., CB 1185, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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19
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Stiff Substrates Enhance Endothelial Oxidative Stress in Response to Protein Kinase C Activation. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:6578492. [PMID: 31110559 PMCID: PMC6487160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6578492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, which increases with aging and hypertension, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. While stiffer substrates are known to affect single endothelial cell morphology and migration, the effect of substrate stiffness on endothelial monolayer function is less understood. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness increased endothelial monolayer reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to protein kinase C (PKC) activation and if this oxidative stress then impacted adherens junction integrity. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured on varied stiffness polyacrylamide gels and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which stimulates PKC and ROS without increasing actinomyosin contractility. PMA-treated endothelial cells on stiffer substrates increased ROS and adherens junction loss without increased contractility. ROS scavengers abrogated PMA effects on cell-cell junctions, with a more profound effect in cells on stiffer substrates. Finally, endothelial cells in aortae from elastin haploinsufficient mice (Eln+/-), which were stiffer than aortae from wild-type mice, showed decreased VE-cadherin colocalization with peripheral actin following PMA treatment. These data suggest that oxidative stress may be enhanced in endothelial cells in stiffer vessels, which could contribute to the association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Walker AE, Kronquist EK, Chinen KT, Reihl KD, Li DY, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Cerebral and skeletal muscle feed artery vasoconstrictor responses in a mouse model with greater large elastic artery stiffness. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:434-442. [PMID: 30633428 DOI: 10.1113/ep087453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Greater large artery stiffness is associated with dysfunctional resistance artery vasodilatory responses, impaired memory and greater risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unknown whether stiffer large arteries affect cerebral and skeletal muscle feed artery responses to vasoconstrictors. What is the main finding and its importance? In a mouse model with greater large artery stiffness (Eln+/- ), we find an exacerbated vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II in cerebral arteries, but not skeletal muscle feed arteries, thus implicating altered cerebral artery angiotensin II responsiveness in the poor brain outcomes associated with greater large artery stiffness. ABSTRACT Greater stiffness of the large elastic arteries is associated with end-organ damage and dysfunction. At the same time, resistance artery vasoconstrictor responsiveness influences vascular tone and organ blood flow. However, it is unknown whether large elastic artery stiffness modulates the responsiveness to vasoconstrictors in resistance arteries of the cerebral or skeletal muscle circulations. We previously described the elastin haploinsufficient (Eln+/- ) mouse as a model with greater aortic stiffness, but with similar cerebral and skeletal muscle feed artery stiffness to wild-type (Eln+/+ ) mice. Here, we used this model to examine the relationship between large elastic artery stiffness and resistance artery vasoconstrictor responses. In middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was ∼40% greater in Eln+/- compared with Eln+/+ mice (P = 0.02), and this group difference was ameliorated by losartan, indicating a role for Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs). In gastrocnemius feed arteries, Eln+/- and Eln+/+ mice did not differ in the response to Ang II. In addition, the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, endothelin-1 and potassium chloride were not different between Eln+/- and Eln+/+ mice for either MCAs or gastrocnemius feed arteries. The MCA AT1R gene expression did not differ between groups, whereas Ang II type 2 receptor gene expression was ∼50% lower in MCAs from Eln+/- versus Eln+/+ mice (P = 0.01). In conclusion, greater large elastic artery stiffness is associated with an exacerbated vasoconstriction response to Ang II in cerebral arteries, but is not associated with the responses to other vasoconstrictors in either cerebral or skeletal muscle feed arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elise K Kronquist
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Kerrick T Chinen
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Kelly D Reihl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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21
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Meleka MM, Edwards AJ, Xia J, Dahlen SA, Mohanty I, Medcalf M, Aggarwal S, Moeller KD, Mortensen OV, Osei-Owusu P. Anti-hypertensive mechanisms of cyclic depsipeptide inhibitor ligands for G q/11 class G proteins. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:264-275. [PMID: 30634050 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Augmented vasoconstriction is a hallmark of hypertension and is mediated partly by hyper-stimulation of G protein couple receptors (GPCRs) and downstream signaling components. Although GPCR blockade is a key component of current anti-hypertensive strategies, whether hypertension is better managed by directly targeting G proteins has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we tested whether inhibiting Gq/11 proteins in vivo and ex vivo using natural cyclic depsipeptide, FR900359 (FR) from the ornamental plant, Ardisia crenata, and YM-254890 (YM) from Chromobacterium sp. QS3666, or it's synthetic analog, WU-07047 (WU), was sufficient to reverse hypertension in mice. All three inhibitors blocked G protein-dependent vasoconstriction, but to our surprise YM and WU and not FR inhibited K+-induced Ca2+ transients and vasoconstriction of intact vessels. However, each inhibitor blocked whole-cell L-type Ca2+ channel current in vascular smooth muscle cells. Subcutaneous injection of FR or YM (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) in normotensive and hypertensive mice elicited bradycardia and marked blood pressure decrease, which was more severe and long lasting after the injection of FR relative to YM (FRt1/2 ≅ 12 h vs. YMt1/2 ≅ 4 h). In deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension mice, chronic injection of FR (0.3 mg/kg, s.c., daily for seven days) reversed hypertension (vehicle SBP: 149 ± 5 vs. FR SBP: 117 ± 7 mmHg), without any effect on heart rate. Our results together support the hypothesis that increased LTCC and Gq/11 activity is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and that dual targeting of both proteins can reverse hypertension and associated cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Meleka
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology, United States; Internal Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, United States
| | | | - Jingsheng Xia
- Departments of Pharmacology & Physiology, United States
| | | | | | - Matthew Medcalf
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | | | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
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Knutsen RH, Beeman SC, Broekelmann TJ, Liu D, Tsang KM, Kovacs A, Ye L, Danback JR, Watson A, Wardlaw A, Wagenseil JE, Garbow JR, Shoykhet M, Kozel BA. Minoxidil improves vascular compliance, restores cerebral blood flow, and alters extracellular matrix gene expression in a model of chronic vascular stiffness. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H18-H32. [PMID: 29498532 PMCID: PMC6087770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00683.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular stiffness correlates with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in aging adults. Elastin (ELN) insufficiency, as observed in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome or with familial supravalvular aortic stenosis, also increases vascular stiffness and leads to arterial narrowing. We used Eln+/- mice to test the hypothesis that pathologically increased vascular stiffness with concomitant arterial narrowing leads to decreased blood flow to end organs such as the brain. We also hypothesized that drugs that remodel arteries and increase lumen diameter would improve flow. To test these hypotheses, we compared carotid blood flow using ultrasound and cerebral blood flow using MRI-based arterial spin labeling in wild-type (WT) and Eln+/- mice. We then studied how minoxidil, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener and vasodilator, affects vessel mechanics, blood flow, and gene expression. Both carotid and cerebral blood flows were lower in Eln+/- mice than in WT mice. Treatment of Eln+/- mice with minoxidil lowered blood pressure and reduced functional arterial stiffness to WT levels. Minoxidil also improved arterial diameter and restored carotid and cerebral blood flows in Eln+/- mice. The beneficial effects persisted for weeks after drug removal. RNA-Seq analysis revealed differential expression of 127 extracellular matrix-related genes among the treatment groups. These results indicate that ELN insufficiency impairs end-organ perfusion, which may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. Minoxidil, despite lowering blood pressure, improves end-organ perfusion. Changes in matrix gene expression and persistence of treatment effects after drug withdrawal suggest arterial remodeling. Such remodeling may benefit patients with genetic or age-dependent ELN insufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work with a model of chronic vascular stiffness, the elastin ( Eln)+/- mouse, shows reduced brain perfusion as measured by carotid ultrasound and MRI arterial spin labeling. Vessel caliber, functional stiffness, and blood flow improved with minoxidil. The ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener increased Eln gene expression and altered 126 other matrix-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Knutsen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott C Beeman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Delong Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kit Man Tsang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua R Danback
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anderson Watson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amanda Wardlaw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Shoykhet
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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23
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Soluble TNFα Signaling within the Spinal Cord Contributes to the Development of Autonomic Dysreflexia and Ensuing Vascular and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4146-4162. [PMID: 29610439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2376-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and susceptibility to infection are leading causes of morbidity and mortality for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). A major contributor to these is autonomic dysreflexia (AD), an amplified reaction of the autonomic nervous system (hallmarked by severe hypertension) in response to sensory stimuli below the injury. Maladaptive plasticity of the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit below the SCI results in AD intensification over time. Mechanisms underlying this maladaptive plasticity are poorly understood, restricting the identification of treatments. Thus, no preventative treatments are currently available. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in other pathologies associated with hyperexcitable neural circuits. Specifically, the soluble form of TNFα (sTNFα) is known to play a role in neuroplasticity. We hypothesize that persistent expression of sTNFα in spinal cord underlies AD exacerbation. To test this, we intrathecally administered XPro1595, a biologic that renders sTNFα nonfunctional, after complete, high-level SCI in female rats. This dramatically attenuated the intensification of colorectal distension-induced and naturally occurring AD events. This improvement is mediated via decreased sprouting of nociceptive primary afferents and activation of the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit. We also examined peripheral vascular function using ex vivo pressurized arterial preparations and immune function via flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes. Diminishing AD via pharmacological inhibition of sTNFα mitigated ensuing vascular hypersensitivity and immune dysfunction. This is the first demonstration that neuroinflammation-induced sTNFα is critical for altering the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit, elucidating a novel mechanism for AD. Importantly, we identify the first potential pharmacological, prophylactic treatment for this life-threatening syndrome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a disorder that develops after spinal cord injury (SCI) and is hallmarked by sudden, extreme hypertension, contributes to cardiovascular disease and susceptibility to infection, respectively, two leading causes of mortality and morbidity in SCI patients. We demonstrate that neuroinflammation-induced expression of soluble TNFα plays a critical role in AD, elucidating a novel underlying mechanism. We found that intrathecal administration after SCI of a biologic that inhibits soluble TNFα signaling dramatically attenuates AD and significantly reduces AD-associated peripheral vascular and immune dysfunction. We identified mechanisms behind diminished plasticity of neuronal populations within the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit. This study is the first to pinpoint a potential pharmacological, prophylactic strategy to attenuate AD and ensuing cardiovascular and immune dysfunction.
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24
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Does elastin deficiency cause chronic kidney disease? Kidney Int 2017; 92:1036-1038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Owens EA, Jie L, Reyes BA, Van Bockstaele EJ, Osei-Owusu P. Elastin insufficiency causes hypertension, structural defects and abnormal remodeling of renal vascular signaling. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1100-1118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Kanai SM, Edwards AJ, Rurik JG, Osei-Owusu P, Blumer KJ. Proteolytic degradation of regulator of G protein signaling 2 facilitates temporal regulation of G q/11 signaling and vascular contraction. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19266-19278. [PMID: 28974581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) controls signaling by receptors coupled to the Gq/11 class heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS2 deficiency causes several phenotypes in mice and occurs in several diseases, including hypertension in which a proteolytically unstable RGS2 mutant has been reported. However, the mechanisms and functions of RGS2 proteolysis remain poorly understood. Here we addressed these questions by identifying degradation signals in RGS2, and studying dynamic regulation of Gq/11-evoked Ca2+ signaling and vascular contraction. We identified a novel bipartite degradation signal in the N-terminal domain of RGS2. Mutations disrupting this signal blunted proteolytic degradation downstream of E3 ubiquitin ligase binding to RGS2. Analysis of RGS2 mutants proteolyzed at various rates and the effects of proteasome inhibition indicated that proteolytic degradation controls agonist efficacy by setting RGS2 protein expression levels, and affecting the rate at which cells regain agonist responsiveness as synthesis of RGS2 stops. Analyzing contraction of mesenteric resistance arteries supported the biological relevance of this mechanism. Because RGS2 mRNA expression often is strikingly and transiently up-regulated and then down-regulated upon cell stimulation, our findings indicate that proteolytic degradation tightly couples RGS2 transcription, protein levels, and function. Together these mechanisms provide tight temporal control of Gq/11-coupled receptor signaling in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Kanai
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Alethia J Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
| | - Joel G Rurik
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
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Urbano RL, Furia C, Basehore S, Clyne AM. Stiff Substrates Increase Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Monolayer Tension and Permeability. Biophys J 2017; 113:645-655. [PMID: 28793219 PMCID: PMC5550298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and inflammation are associated with atherosclerosis, and each have individually been shown to increase endothelial monolayer tension and permeability. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness enhanced endothelial monolayer tension and permeability in response to inflammatory cytokines. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured at confluence on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and treated with either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) or thrombin. Monolayer tension was measured through vinculin localization at the cell membrane, traction force microscopy, and phosphorylated myosin light chain quantity and actin fiber colocalization. Cell permeability was measured by cell-cell junction confocal microscopy and a dextran permeability assay. When treated with TNFα or thrombin, endothelial monolayers on stiffer substrates showed increased traction forces, vinculin at the cell membrane, and vinculin phosphorylation, suggesting elevated monolayer tension. Interestingly, VE-cadherin shifted toward a smaller molecular weight in endothelial monolayers on softer substrates, which may relate to increased VE-cadherin endocytosis and degradation. Phosphorylated myosin light chain colocalization with actin stress fibers increased in endothelial monolayers treated with TNFα or thrombin on stiffer substrates, indicating elevated cell monolayer contractility. Endothelial monolayers also developed focal adherens intercellular junctions and became more permeable when cultured on stiffer substrates in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines. Whereas each of these effects was likely mitigated by Rho/ROCK, Rho/ROCK pathway inhibition via Y27632 disrupted cell-cell junction morphology, showing that cell contractility is required to maintain adherens junction integrity. These data suggest that stiff substrates change intercellular junction protein localization and degradation, which may counteract the inflammation-induced increase in endothelial monolayer tension and thereby moderate inflammation-induced junction loss and associated endothelial monolayer permeability on stiffer substrates.
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28
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Canver AC, Ngo O, Urbano RL, Clyne AM. Endothelial directed collective migration depends on substrate stiffness via localized myosin contractility and cell-matrix interactions. J Biomech 2016; 49:1369-1380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Loss of Elastic Fiber Integrity Compromises Common Carotid Artery Function: Implications for Vascular Aging. Artery Res 2016; 14:41-52. [PMID: 27570569 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Competent elastic fibers endow central arteries with the compliance and resilience that are fundamental to their primary mechanical function in vertebrates. That is, by enabling elastic energy to be stored in the arterial wall during systole and then to be used to work on the blood during diastole, elastic fibers decrease ventricular workload and augment blood flow in pulsatile systems. Indeed, because elastic fibers are formed during development and stretched during somatic growth, their continual tendency to recoil contributes to the undulation of the stiffer collagen fibers, which facilitates further the overall compliance of the wall under physiologic pressures while allowing the collagen to limit over-distension during acute increases in blood pressure. In this paper, we use consistent methods of measurement and quantification to compare the biaxial material stiffness, structural stiffness, and energy storage capacity of murine common carotid arteries having graded degrees of elastic fiber integrity - normal, elastin-deficient, fibrillin-1 deficient, fibulin-5 null, and elastase-treated. The finding that the intrinsic material stiffness tends to be maintained nearly constant suggests that intramural cells seek to maintain a favorable micromechanical environment in which to function. Nevertheless, a loss of elastic energy storage capability due to the loss of elastic fiber integrity severely compromises the primary function of these central arteries.
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Walker AE, Henson GD, Reihl KD, Morgan RG, Dobson PS, Nielson EI, Ling J, Mecham RP, Li DY, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Greater impairments in cerebral artery compared with skeletal muscle feed artery endothelial function in a mouse model of increased large artery stiffness. J Physiol 2015; 593:1931-43. [PMID: 25627876 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increased large artery stiffness is a hallmark of arterial dysfunction with advancing age and is also present in other disease conditions such as diabetes. Increased large artery stiffness is correlated with resistance artery dysfunction in humans. Using a mouse model of altered arterial elastin content, this is the first study to examine the cause-and-effect relationship between large artery stiffness and peripheral resistance artery function. Our results indicate that mice with genetically greater large artery stiffness have impaired cerebral artery endothelial function, but generally preserved skeletal muscle feed artery endothelial function. The mechanisms for impaired cerebral artery endothelial function are reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidative stress. These findings suggest that interventions that target large artery stiffness may be important to reduce disease risk associated with cerebral artery dysfunction in conditions such as advancing age. ABSTRACT Advancing age as well as diseases such as diabetes are characterized by both increased large artery stiffness and impaired peripheral artery function. It has been hypothesized that greater large artery stiffness causes peripheral artery dysfunction; however, a cause-and-effect relationship has not previously been established. We used elastin heterozygote mice (Eln(+/-) ) as a model of increased large artery stiffness without co-morbidities unrelated to the large artery properties. Aortic stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity, was ∼35% greater in Eln(+/-) mice than in wild-type (Eln(+/+) ) mice (P = 0.04). Endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD), assessed by the maximal dilatation to acetylcholine, was ∼40% lower in Eln(+/-) than Eln(+/+) mice in the middle cerebral artery (MCA, P < 0.001), but was similar between groups in the gastrocnemius feed arteries (GFA, P = 0.79). In the MCA, EDD did not differ between groups after incubation with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(ω) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (P > 0.05), indicating that lower NO bioavailability contributed to the impaired EDD in Eln(+/-) mice. Superoxide production and content of the oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine was higher in MCAs from Eln(+/-) compared with Eln(+/+) mice (P < 0.05). In the MCA, after incubation with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, maximal EDD improved by ∼65% in Eln(+/-) (P = 0.002), but was unchanged in Eln(+/+) mice (P = 0.17). These results indicate that greater large artery stiffness has a more profound effect on endothelial function in cerebral arteries compared with skeletal muscle feed arteries. Greater large artery stiffness can cause cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO bioavailability and increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Prisco SZ, Priestley JRC, Weinberg BD, Prisco AR, Hoffman MJ, Jacob HJ, Flister MJ, Lombard JH, Lazar J. Vascular dysfunction precedes hypertension associated with a blood pressure locus on rat chromosome 12. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1103-10. [PMID: 25320330 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00464.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously isolated a 6.1-Mb region of SS/Mcwi (Dahl salt-sensitive) rat chromosome 12 (13.4-19.5 Mb) that significantly elevated blood pressure (BP) (Δ+34 mmHg, P < 0.001) compared with the SS-12(BN) consomic control. In the present study, we examined the role of vascular dysfunction and remodeling in hypertension risk associated with the 6.1-Mb (13.4-19.5 Mb) locus on rat chromosome 12 by reducing dietary salt, which lowered BP levels so that there were no substantial differences in BP between strains. Consequently, any observed differences in the vasculature were considered BP-independent. We also reduced the candidate region from 6.1 Mb with 133 genes to 2 Mb with 23 genes by congenic mapping. Both the 2 Mb and 6.1 Mb congenic intervals were associated with hypercontractility and decreased elasticity of resistance vasculature prior to elevations of BP, suggesting that the vascular remodeling and dysfunction likely contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in these congenic models. Of the 23 genes within the narrowed congenic interval, 12 were differentially expressed between the resistance vasculature of the 2 Mb congenic and SS-12(BN) consomic strains. Among these, Grifin was consistently upregulated 2.7 ± 0.6-fold (P < 0.05) and 2.0 ± 0.3-fold (P < 0.01), and Chst12 was consistently downregulated -2.8 ± 0.3-fold (P < 0.01) and -4.4 ± 0.4-fold (P < 0.00001) in the 2 Mb congenic compared with SS-12(BN) consomic under normotensive and hypertensive conditions, respectively. A syntenic region on human chromosome 7 has also been associated with BP regulation, suggesting that identification of the genetic mechanism(s) underlying cardiovascular phenotypes in this congenic strain will likely be translated to a better understanding of human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Z Prisco
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Brian D Weinberg
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony R Prisco
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew J Hoffman
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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