1
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Loh KWZ, Liu C, Soong TW, Hu Z. β subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119729. [PMID: 36818347 PMCID: PMC9931737 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is required in bodily functions essential for survival, such as muscle contractions and neuronal communications. Of note, the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) expressed on muscle and neuronal cells, as well as some endocrine cells, are transmembrane protein complexes that allow for the selective entry of calcium ions into the cells. The α1 subunit constitutes the main pore-forming subunit that opens in response to membrane depolarization, and its biophysical functions are regulated by various auxiliary subunits-β, α2δ, and γ subunits. Within the cardiovascular system, the γ-subunit is not expressed and is therefore not discussed in this review. Because the α1 subunit is the pore-forming subunit, it is a prominent druggable target and the focus of many studies investigating potential therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular diseases. While this may be true, it should be noted that the direct inhibition of the α1 subunit may result in limited long-term cardiovascular benefits coupled with undesirable side effects, and that its expression and biophysical properties may depend largely on its auxiliary subunits. Indeed, the α2δ subunit has been reported to be essential for the membrane trafficking and expression of the α1 subunit. Furthermore, the β subunit not only prevents proteasomal degradation of the α1 subunit, but also directly modulates the biophysical properties of the α1 subunit, such as its voltage-dependent activities and open probabilities. More importantly, various isoforms of the β subunit have been found to differentially modulate the α1 subunit, and post-translational modifications of the β subunits further add to this complexity. These data suggest the possibility of the β subunit as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. However, emerging studies have reported the presence of cardiomyocyte membrane α1 subunit trafficking and expression in a β subunit-independent manner, which would undermine the efficacy of β subunit-targeting drugs. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the auxiliary β subunit would provide a more holistic approach when targeting the calcium channel complexes in treating cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review focuses on the post-translational modifications of the β subunit, as well as its role as an auxiliary subunit in modulating the calcium channel complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wei Zhern Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Tuck Wah Soong,
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Zhenyu Hu,
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2
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Zou Y, Zhang M, Wu Q, Zhao N, Chen M, Yang C, Du Y, Han B. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 is involved in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. eLife 2022; 11:74519. [PMID: 35731090 PMCID: PMC9224988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is expressed in hearts and implicated in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. However, the effects of TRPV4 on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear. In this study, we found that TRPV4 expression was significantly increased in mouse hypertrophic hearts, human failing hearts, and neurohormone-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Deletion of TRPV4 attenuated transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and the activation of NFκB - NOD - like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) in mice. Furthermore, the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 (GSK3874) inhibited cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by TAC. In vitro, pretreatment with GSK3874 reduced the neurohormone-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation. The specific TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A (GSK790A) triggered Ca2+ influx and evoked the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). But these effects were abolished by removing extracellular Ca2+ or GSK3874. More importantly, TAC or neurohormone stimulation-induced CaMKII phosphorylation was significantly blocked by TRPV4 inhibition. Finally, we show that CaMKII inhibition significantly prevented the phosphorylation of NFκB induced by GSK790A. Our results suggest that TRPV4 activation contributes to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. This effect is associated with upregulated Ca2+/CaMKII mediated activation of NFκB-NLRP3. Thus, TRPV4 may represent a potential therapeutic drug target for cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction after pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiongfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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3
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Wahyuni T, Kobayashi A, Tanaka S, Miyake Y, Yamamoto A, Bahtiar A, Mori S, Kametani Y, Tomimatsu M, Matsumoto K, Maeda M, Obana M, Fujio Y. Maresin-1 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through IGF-1 paracrine pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C82-C93. [PMID: 34038245 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00568.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is closely linked with tissue repair. Recent studies have revealed that macrophages suppress inflammatory reactions by producing lipid mediators, called specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs); however, the biological significance of SPMs in tissue repair remains to be fully elucidated in the heart. In this study, we focused on maresin-1 (MaR1) and examined the reparative effects of MaR1 in cardiomyocytes. The treatment with MaR1 increased cell size in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Since the expression of fetal cardiac genes was unchanged by MaR1, physiological hypertrophy was induced by MaR1. SR3335, an inhibitor of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα), mitigated MaR1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, consistent with the recent report that RORα is one of MaR1 receptors. Importantly, in response to MaR1, cardiomyocytes produced IGF-1 via RORα. Moreover, MaR1 activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, or triciribine, an Akt inhibitor, abrogated MaR1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Finally, the blockade of IGF-1 receptor by NVP-AEW541 inhibited MaR-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. These data indicate that MaR1 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through RORα/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. Considering that MaR1 is a potent resolving factor, MaR1 could be a key mediator that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation with myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Wahyuni
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Arisa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Miyake
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaha Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anton Bahtiar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Shota Mori
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kametani
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tomimatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Wang S, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Sun X, Lei S, Kang Z, Chen X, Lei M, Hu H, Zeng X, Hao L. Distinct roles of calmodulin and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isopreterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:960-966. [PMID: 32303334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium is related to cardiac hypertrophy. The CaV1.2 channel and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and CaM regulate the intracellular calcium content. However, the differences in CaMKII and CaM in cardiac hypertrophy are still conflicting and are worthy of studying as drug targets. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the roles and mechanism of CaM and CaMKII on CaV1.2 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. The results showed that ISO stimulation caused SD rat heart and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In vivo, the HW/BW, LVW/BW, cross-sectional area, fibrosis ratio and ANP expression were all increased. There were no differences in CaV1.2 channel expression in the in vivo model or the in vitro model, but the ISO stimulation induced channel activity, and the [Ca2+]i increased. The protein expression levels of CaMKII and p-CaMKII were all increased in the ISO group, but the CaM expression level decreased. AIP inhibited ANP, CaMKII and p-CaMKII expression, and ISO-induced [Ca2+]i increased. AIP also reduced HDAC4, p-HDAC and MEF2C expression. However, CMZ did not play a cardiac hypertrophy reversal role in vitro. In conclusion, we considered that compared with CaM, CaMKII may be a much more important drug target in cardiac hypertrophy reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shuai Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ze Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiye Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaorong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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5
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The caveolar-mitochondrial interface: regulation of cellular metabolism in physiology and pathophysiology. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:165-177. [PMID: 32010944 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is an important cellular organelle that is often overlooked in terms of a primary factor in regulating physiology and pathophysiology. There is emerging evidence to suggest that the plasma membrane serves a greater purpose than a simple barrier or transporter of ions. New paradigms suggest that the membrane serves as a critical bridge to connect extracellular to intracellular communication particularly to regulate energy and metabolism by forming physical and biochemical associations with intracellular organelles. This review will focus on the relationship of a particular membrane microdomain - caveolae - with mitochondria and the particular implication of this to physiology and pathophysiology.
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6
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Lang D, Glukhov AV. Functional Microdomains in Heart's Pacemaker: A Step Beyond Classical Electrophysiology and Remodeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1686. [PMID: 30538641 PMCID: PMC6277479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous beating of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, is initiated, sustained, and regulated by a complex system that integrates ion channels and transporters on the cell membrane surface (often referred to as "membrane clock") with subcellular calcium handling machinery (by parity of reasoning referred to as an intracellular "Ca2+ clock"). Stable, rhythmic beating of the SAN is ensured by a rigorous synchronization between these two clocks highlighted in the coupled-clock system concept of SAN timekeeping. The emerging results demonstrate that such synchronization of the complex pacemaking machinery at the cellular level depends on tightly regulated spatiotemporal signals which are restricted to precise sub-cellular microdomains and associated with discrete clusters of different ion channels, transporters, and regulatory receptors. It has recently become evident that within the microdomains, various proteins form an interacting network and work together as a part of a macromolecular signaling complex. These protein-protein interactions are tightly controlled and regulated by a variety of neurohormonal signaling pathways and the diversity of cellular responses achieved with a limited pool of second messengers is made possible through the organization of essential signal components in particular microdomains. In this review, we highlight the emerging understanding of the functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in SAN myocytes and their functional role in the accumulation and neurohormonal regulation of proteins involved in cardiac pacemaking. We also demonstrate how changes in scaffolding proteins may lead to microdomain-targeted remodeling and regulation of pacemaker proteins contributing to SAN dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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7
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Matsumoto K, Obana M, Kobayashi A, Kihara M, Shioi G, Miyagawa S, Maeda M, Sakata Y, Nakayama H, Sawa Y, Fujio Y. Blockade of NKG2D/NKG2D ligand interaction attenuated cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 115:765-775. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arisa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Project Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Tanaka S, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. Caveolae-Specific CaMKII Signaling in the Regulation of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel and Cardiac Hypertrophy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1081. [PMID: 30131723 PMCID: PMC6090180 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk for the progression of heart failure; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this process remain elusive. The caveolae microdomain plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes such as lipid homeostasis, signal transduction, and endocytosis, and also serves as a signaling platform. Although the caveolae microdomain has been postulated to have a major contribution to the development of cardiac pathologies, including cardiac hypertrophy, recent evidence has placed this role into question. Lack of direct evidence and appropriate methods for determining activation of caveolae-specific signaling has thus far limited the ability to obtain a definite answer to the question. In this review, we focus on the potential physiological and pathological roles of the multifunctional kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel in the caveolae, toward gaining a better understanding of the contribution of caveolae-based signaling in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Lindsey ML, Gray GA, Wood SK, Curran-Everett D. Statistical considerations in reporting cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H303-H313. [PMID: 30028200 PMCID: PMC6139626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00309.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The problem of inadequate statistical reporting is long standing and widespread in the biomedical literature, including in cardiovascular physiology. Although guidelines for reporting statistics have been available in clinical medicine for some time, there are currently no guidelines specific to cardiovascular physiology. To assess the need for guidelines, we determined the type and frequency of statistical tests and procedures currently used in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. A PubMed search for articles published in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology between January 1, 2017, and October 6, 2017, provided a final sample of 146 articles evaluated for methods used and 38 articles for indepth analysis. The t-test and ANOVA accounted for 71% (212 of 300 articles) of the statistical tests performed. Of six categories of post hoc tests, Bonferroni and Tukey tests were used in 63% (62 of 98 articles). There was an overall lack in details provided by authors publishing in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, and we compiled a list of recommended minimum reporting guidelines to aid authors in preparing manuscripts. Following these guidelines could substantially improve the quality of statistical reports and enhance data rigor and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gillian A Gray
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, Colorado
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10
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Machuki J, Zhang H, Harding S, Sun H. Molecular pathways of oestrogen receptors and β-adrenergic receptors in cardiac cells: Recognition of their similarities, interactions and therapeutic value. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28994249 PMCID: PMC5813217 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) play important roles in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, these receptors are expressed in cardiac myocytes and vascular tissues. Numerous experimental observations support the hypothesis that similarities and interactions exist between the signalling pathways of ERs (ERα, ERβ and GPR30) and βARs (β1 AR, β2 AR and β3 AR). The recently discovered oestrogen receptor GPR30 shares structural features with the βARs, and this forms the basis for the interactions and functional overlap. GPR30 possesses protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation sites and PDZ binding motifs and interacts with A-kinase anchoring protein 5 (AKAP5), all of which enable its interaction with the βAR pathways. The interactions between ERs and βARs occur downstream of the G-protein-coupled receptor, through the Gαs and Gαi proteins. This review presents an up-to-date description of ERs and βARs and demonstrates functional synergism and interactions among these receptors in cardiac cells. We explore their signalling cascades and the mechanisms that orchestrate their interactions and propose new perspectives on the signalling patterns for the GPR30 based on its structural resemblance to the βARs. In addition, we explore the relevance of these interactions to cell physiology, drugs (especially β-blockers and calcium channel blockers) and cardioprotection. Furthermore, a receptor-independent mechanism for oestrogen and its influence on the expression of βARs and calcium-handling proteins are discussed. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutic avenues that can be derived from the shared pathways, especially the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.O. Machuki
- Department of Physiology; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - H.Y. Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - S.E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College; London UK
| | - H. Sun
- Department of Physiology; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
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11
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Brooks HL, Lindsey ML. Guidelines for authors and reviewers on antibody use in physiology studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H724-H732. [PMID: 29351459 PMCID: PMC6048465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00512.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody use is a critical component of cardiovascular physiology research, and antibodies are used to monitor protein abundance (immunoblot analysis) and protein expression and localization (in tissue by immunohistochemistry and in cells by immunocytochemistry). With ongoing discussions on how to improve reproducibility and rigor, the goal of this review is to provide best practice guidelines regarding how to optimize antibody use for increased rigor and reproducibility in both immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry approaches. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-on-antibody-use-in-physiology-studies/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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12
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Vacante F, Senesi P, Montesano A, Frigerio A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. L-Carnitine: An Antioxidant Remedy for the Survival of Cardiomyocytes under Hyperglycemic Condition. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4028297. [PMID: 30622968 PMCID: PMC6304876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4028297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations as hyperglycemia and inflammation induce myocardial molecular events enhancing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Those alterations are responsible for a progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, cardiac stem cells, and consequent cardiovascular complications. Currently, there are no effective pharmacological measures to protect the heart from these metabolic modifications, and the development of new therapeutic approaches, focused on improvement of the oxidative stress condition, is pivotal. The protective effects of levocarnitine (LC) in patients with ischemic heart disease are related to the attenuation of oxidative stress, but LC mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate LC's role in oxidative stress condition, on ROS production and mitochondrial detoxifying function in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes during hyperglycemia. METHODS H9c2 cells in the hyperglycemic state (25 mmol/L glucose) were exposed to 0.5 or 5 mM LC for 48 and 72 h: LC effects on signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress condition were studied by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. To evaluate ROS production, H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 after LC pretreatment. RESULTS Our in vitro study indicates how LC supplementation might protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-related damage, preventing ROS formation and activating antioxidant signaling pathways in hyperglycemic conditions. In particular, LC promotes STAT3 activation and significantly increases the expression of antioxidant protein SOD2. Hyperglycemic cardiac cells are characterized by impairment in mitochondrial dysfunction and the CaMKII signal: LC promotes CaMKII expression and activation and enhancement of AMPK protein synthesis. Our results suggest that LC might ameliorate metabolic aspects of hyperglycemic cardiac cells. Finally, LC doses herein used did not modify H9c2 growth rate and viability. CONCLUSIONS Our novel study demonstrates that LC improves the microenvironment damaged by oxidative stress (induced by hyperglycemia), thus proposing this nutraceutical compound as an adjuvant in diabetic cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Frigerio
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Alternative Splicing of L-type Ca V1.2 Calcium Channels: Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120344. [PMID: 29186814 PMCID: PMC5748662 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alteration of CaV1.2 channel function has been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional mechanism that expands CaV1.2 channel structures to modify function, pharmacological and biophysical property such as calcium/voltage-dependent inactivation (C/VDI), or to influence its post-translational modulation by interacting proteins such as Galectin-1. Alternative splicing has generated functionally diverse CaV1.2 isoforms that can be developmentally regulated in the heart, or under pathophysiological conditions such as in heart failure. More importantly, alternative splicing of certain exons of CaV1.2 has been reported to be regulated by splicing factors such as RNA-binding Fox-1 homolog 1/2 (Rbfox 1/2), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1) and RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20). Understanding how CaV1.2 channel function is remodelled in disease will provide better information to guide the development of more targeted approaches to discover therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
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