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Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Xia Y, He F, Moukeila Yacouba MB, Zhou H, Li J, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Li H, Wang Y, Ke J. Adenosine A2a Receptor Regulates Autophagy Flux and Apoptosis to Alleviate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:755619. [PMID: 35571159 PMCID: PMC9099415 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.755619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring effective methods to lessen myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury still has positive significance. The adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) has played a crucial part in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous studies revealed that the adenosine A2a receptor regulated autophagy, but the specific mechanism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was still unclear. We established an ischemia-reperfusion model (30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion) in vivo and a model with oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h and reoxygenation for 18 h (OGDR) in vitro. The ischemia-reperfusion injury resulted in prolonged QTc interval, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and myocardial infarction. In vitro model, we found that the OGDR-induced autophagosomes and apoptosis caused myocardial cell death, as evidenced by a significant increase in the generation of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB. Furthermore, overactivated autophagy with rapamycin showed an anti-apoptotic effect. The interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was complex and variable. We discovered that the activation of adenosine A2a receptor could promote the expression of Bcl-2 to inhibit the levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II. The number of autophagosomes exceeded that of autolysosomes under OGDR, but the result reversed after A2aR activation. Activated A2aR with its agonist CGS21680 before reperfusion saved cellular survival through anti-apoptosis and anti-autophagy effect, thus improving ventricular contraction disorders, and visibly reducing myocardial infarction size. The myocardial protection of adenosine A2a receptor after ischemia may involve the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and the interaction of Bcl-2-Beclin-1.
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Hosseini Khorami SA, Mutalib MSA, Feili Shiraz M, Abdullah JA, Rejali Z, Ali RM, Khaza'ai H. Genetic determinants of obesity heterogeneity in type II diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:55. [PMID: 32670384 PMCID: PMC7346329 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is considered as the main cause of Type II diabetes (T2DM), non-obese individuals may still develop T2DM and obese individuals may not. Method The mRNA expression of PI3K/AKT axis from 100 non-obese and obese participants with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance states were compared in this study toward the understanding of obesity heterogeneity molecular mechanism. Result In present study, there was no statistically significant difference in gene expression levels of IRS1 and PTEN between groups, whereas PI3K, AKT2 and GLUT4 genes were expressed at a lower level in obese diabetic group compared to other groups and were statistically significant. PDK1 gene was expressed at a higher level in non-obese diabetic group compared to obese diabetic and non-obese non-diabetics groups. No statistically significant difference was identified in gene expression pattern of PI3K/AKT pathway between obese non-diabetics and non-obese non-diabetics. Conclusion The components of PI3K/AKT pathway which is related to the fasting state, showed reduced expression in obese diabetic group due to the chronic over-nutrition which may induced insensitivity and reduced gene expression. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity in non-obese diabetic group could be due to disturbance in another pathway related to the non-fasting state like gluconeogenesis. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of insulin signalling in non-obese diabetic individuals is different from obese diabetics which more investigations are required to study insulin signalling pathways in greater depth, in order to assess nutritional factors, contribute to insulin resistance in obese diabetic and non-obese diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Feili Shiraz
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer and IT, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Razana Mohd Ali
- Department of Pathology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Birnbaum Y, Tran D, Bajaj M, Ye Y. DPP-4 inhibition by linagliptin prevents cardiac dysfunction and inflammation by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:35. [PMID: 31388770 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of linagliptin (Lina, a DPP4 inhibitor) and GLP-1 receptor activation by exenatide followed by exendin-4 in an infusion pump (EX) on infarct size (IS), post-infarction activation of the inflammasome and remodeling in wild-type (WT) and db/db diabetic mice. Mice underwent 30 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. IS was assessed by TTC. Additional mice underwent permanent coronary artery occlusion. Echocardiography was performed 2w after infarction. Activation of the inflammasome in the border zone of the infarction was assessed by rt-PCR and ELISA 2w after reperfusion. Further in vitro experiments were done using primary human cardiofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemia-reoxygenation. Lina and EX limited IS in both the WT and the db/db mice. Lina and EX equally improved ejection fraction in both the WT and the db/db mice. mRNA levels of ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1, and Collagen-3 were higher in the db/db mice than in the WT mice. Infarction increased these levels in the WT and db/db mice. Lina more than EX attenuated the increase in ASC, NALP3, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen-1 and Collagen-3, TNFα and IL-1β, and decreased apoptosis, especially in the db/db mice. In vitro experiments showed that Lina, but not EX, attenuated the increase in TLR4 expression, an effect that was dependent on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of Let-7i and miR-146b levels. Lina and EX had similar effects on IS and post-infarction function, but Lina attenuated the activation of the inflammasome and the upregulation of collagen-1 and collagen-3 more than direct GLP-1 receptor activation. This effect depends on p38 activation with downstream upregulation of miR-146b levels that suppresses TLR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Texas Heart Institute, Baylor St Luke Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Dat Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Packer M. Is the Way to Someone's Heart Through Their Stomach? The Cardiorenal Paradox of Incretin-Based Hypoglycemic Drugs in Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004551. [PMID: 29021350 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From the Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Packer M. Augmentation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling by neprilysin inhibition: potential implications for patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:973-977. [PMID: 29603541 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmentation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signalling is an established approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, endogenous GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 receptor analogues are degraded not only by dipeptidyl peptidase-4, but also by neprilysin. This observation raises the possibilities that endogenous GLP-1 contributes to the clinical effects of neprilysin inhibition and that patients concurrently treated with sacubitril/valsartan and incretin-based drugs may experience important drug-drug interactions. Specifically, potentiation of GLP-1 receptor signalling may underlie the antihyperglycaemic actions of sacubitril/valsartan. Neprilysin inhibitors may also be able to augment the effects of long-acting GLP-1 analogues to increase heart rate and myocardial cyclic AMP, and thus, potentiate these deleterious actions; if so, concomitant treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may limit the efficacy of neprilysin inhibitors in patients with both heart failure and diabetes. For patients not concurrently treated with GLP-1 analogues, the action of neprilysin to enhance the effects of GLP-1 may be particularly relevant in the brain, where augmentation of GLP-1 and other endogenous peptides may act to inhibit amyloid-induced neuroinflammation and cytotoxicity and improve memory formation and executive functioning. Experimentally, neprilysin inhibitors may also potentiate the effects of endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on blood vessels and the kidney. The role of neprilysin in the metabolism of endogenous GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 analogues points to a range of potential pathophysiological effects that may be clinically relevant to patients with heart failure, with or without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Are targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy on the horizon? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:897-915. [PMID: 28473471 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure approximately 2.5-fold, independent of coronary artery disease and other comorbidities. This process, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, is characterized by initial impairment of left ventricular (LV) relaxation followed by LV contractile dysfunction. Post-mortem examination reveals that human diastolic dysfunction is closely associated with LV damage, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis, with impaired coronary microvascular perfusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the characteristic features of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain poorly understood, although multiple factors including altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, as well as epigenetic changes, are implicated. Despite a recent rise in research interrogating these mechanisms and an increased understanding of the clinical importance of diabetic cardiomyopathy, there remains a lack of specific treatment strategies. How the chronic metabolic disturbances observed in diabetes lead to structural and functional changes remains a pertinent question, and it is hoped that recent advances, particularly in the area of epigenetics, among others, may provide some answers. This review hence explores the temporal onset of the pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and their relative contribution to the resultant disease phenotype, as well as both current and potential therapeutic options. The emergence of glucose-optimizing agents, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium/glucose co-transporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors that confer benefits on cardiovascular outcomes, together with novel experimental approaches, highlight a new and exciting era in diabetes research, which is likely to result in major clinical impact.
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He J, Yuan G, Cheng F, Zhang J, Guo X. Mast Cell and M1 Macrophage Infiltration and Local Pro-Inflammatory Factors Were Attenuated with Incretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:344-353. [PMID: 28737448 PMCID: PMC5576269 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The global increase of obesity parallels the obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) epidemic. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were well recognized to attenuate renal injury independent of glucose control in diabetic nephropathy. There are limited studies focusing on their effects on ORG. We explored the effects of incretin-based therapies on early ORG and the inflammatory responses involved mainly concentrated on mast cell (MC) and macrophage (M) infiltration and local pro-inflammatory factors. Methods: ORG rat models were induced by high-fat diet and then divided into ORG vehicle, vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day, qd) and liraglutide (200 μg/kg, bid) treated groups. After 8 weeks of treatments, albuminuria, glomerular histology, renal inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory factors were analyzed. Results: Early ORG model was demonstrated by albuminuria, glomerulomegaly, foot process fusion, and mesangial and endothelial mild proliferation. Incretin-based therapies limited body weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity. ORG was alleviated, manifested by decreased average glomerular area, attenuated mesangial and endothelial cell proliferation, and revived cell-to-cell propagation of podocytes, which contributed to reduced albuminuria. Compared with ORG vehicle, MC and M1 macrophage (pro-inflammatory) infiltration and M1/M2 ratio were significantly decreased; M2 macrophage (anti-inflammatory) was not significantly increased after incretin-based treatments. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in renal cortex were significantly downregulated, while transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) remained unchanged. Conclusions: Incretin-based treatments could alleviate high-fat diet-induced ORG partly through the systemic insulin sensitivity improvement and the attenuated local inflammation, mainly by the decrease of MC and M1 macrophage infiltration and reduction of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Geheng Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiao Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Cameron RB, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Development of Therapeutics That Induce Mitochondrial Biogenesis for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10411-10434. [PMID: 27560192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various roles in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many acute and chronic degenerative diseases, mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a therapeutic target for treating such diseases. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic degenerative diseases and the cellular signaling pathways by which MB is induced. We then review existing work describing the development and application of drugs that induce MB in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we discuss natural products and modulators of transcription factors, kinases, cyclic nucleotides, and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cameron
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, associated with a high burden of complications and 4.6 million deaths annually worldwide. As a result of decreasing levels of physical activity and increasing rates of obesity, diabetes is shifting from a disease affecting the elderly to one that affects younger patients or even children. Thus, aggressive treatment and optimal control of risk factors is the key to improve outcomes in those patients. Accumulating evidence of the cardiovascular and lipid effects of glucose-lowering medications suggest that treatment efficacy in diabetes can be further improved. This review provides an overview of the lipid effects and cardiovascular disease risk of current anti-diabetic medications and highlights opportunities and challenges in clinical practice.
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Connelly KA, Advani A, Zhang Y, Advani SL, Kabir G, Abadeh A, Desjardins JF, Mitchell M, Thai K, Gilbert RE. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition improves cardiac function in experimental myocardial infarction: Role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α. J Diabetes 2016; 8:63-75. [PMID: 25565455 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to degrading glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inactivates several chemokines, including stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a pro-angiogenic and cardiomyocyte protective protein. We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibition may confer benefit following myocardial infarction (MI) in the diabetic setting as a consequence of enhanced SDF-1α availability rather than potentiating GLP-1. To test this we compared the effects of saxagliptin with those of liraglutide and used the SDF-1α receptor (CXCR4) antagonist plerixafor. METHODS Studies were conducted in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Rats were randomized to receive saxagliptin (10 mg/kg per day), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.), plerixafor (1 mg/kg per day, s.c.), saxagliptin plus plerixafor or vehicle (1% phosphate-buffered saline). Two weeks later, rats underwent experimental MI, with cardiac function examined 4 weeks after MI. RESULTS Glycemic control and MI size were similar in all groups. Four weeks after MI, mortality was reduced in saxagliptin-treated rats compared with vehicle treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, rats receiving saxagliptin had improved cardiac function compared with vehicle-treated rats (P < 0.05). Antagonism of CXCR4 prevented the improvement in cardiac function in saxagliptin-treated rats and was associated with increased mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Saxagliptin-mediated DPP-4 inhibition, but not liraglutide-mediated GLP-1R agonism, improved cardiac function after MI independent of glucose lowering. These findings suggest that non-GLP-1 actions of DPP-4 inhibition, such as SDF-1α potentiation, mediate biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Abadeh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Desjardins
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Birnbaum Y, Bajaj M, Qian J, Ye Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Saxagliptin prevents inflammation and renal injury by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000227. [PMID: 27547413 PMCID: PMC4985834 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rodents. The NOD-like receptor 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an important role in DN. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) inhibit the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and various other active substances. We assessed whether DPP4I attenuates diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS BTBR (T2DM), Akita (T1DM) and their matched non-diabetic control (wild-type (WT)) mice received 8-week treatment with Saxagliptin (Saxa) or vehicle. RESULTS Kidney weight and kidney/body weight ratio increased in the BTBR and Akita mice compared to their WT mice. Saxa attenuated these changes in the BTBR, but not in the Akita mice and had no effect in the WT mice. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine significantly increased in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa improved glycemic control in the BTBR mice, but had no effect on glucose levels in the Akita and WT mice. Serum C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Kidney and adipose protein levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein 1, NLRP3, TNFα and Caspase-1 were higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa reduced the levels in both types of diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Saxa attenuated diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN. As Saxa did not affect glucose levels in the Akita mice, these effects are independent of glucose lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Sharma AK, Thanikachalam PV, Rajput SK. Albiglutide: Is a better hope against diabetes mellitus? Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:120-8. [PMID: 26796275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic metabolic disorder which provokes several pitfall signalling. Though, a series of anti-diabetic drugs are available in the market but T2DM is still a huge burden on the developed and developing countries. Numerous studies and survey predict the associated baleful circumstances in near future due to incessant increase in this insidious disorder. The novelty of recent explored anti-diabetic drugs including glitazone, glitazaar and gliflozines seems to be vanished due to their associated toxic side effects. Brown and Dryburgh (1970) isolated an intestinal amino acid known as gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which had insulinotropic activity. Subsequently in 1985, another incretin glucagon likes peptide 1 (GLP-1) having potent insulinotropic properties was discovered by Schmidt and his co-workers. On the basis of results' obtained by Phase III Harmony program FDA approved (14 April, 2014) new GLP-1 agonist 'Albiglutide (ALB)', in addition to exiting components Exenatide (Eli Lilly, 2005) and Liraglutide (Novo Nordisk, 2010). ALB stimulates the release of protein kinase A (PKA) via different mechanisms which ultimately leads to increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. This increased intracellular Ca(2+) releases insulin vesicle from β-cells. In-addition, ALB being resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and has longer half life. DPP-4 can significantly degrade the level of GLP-1 agonist by hydrolysis. In spite of potent anti-hypergycemic activity, ALB has pleiotropic action of improving cardiovascular physiology. In light of these viewpoints we reveal the individual pharmacological profile of ALB and the critical analyse about its future perspective in present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| | | | - Satyendra K Rajput
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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Birnbaum Y, Nanhwan MK, Ling S, Perez-Polo JR, Ye Y, Bajaj M. PTEN upregulation may explain the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes with high dose statins. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:447-57. [PMID: 25106875 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins increase the incidence of new onset diabetes. Prolonged statin therapy upregulates PTEN expression. PTEN levels are also elevated in diabetic animals. Activation of protein kinase A by cAMP decreases PTEN expression. We assessed whether prolonged treatment with rosuvastatin (ROS) induces glucose intolerance by upregulating Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mice receiving normal (ND) or Western Diet (WD) and whether concomitant treatment with cilostazol (CIL, a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor) attenuates the effects. METHODS PTEN(loxp/cre) or PTEN(+/-) mice received ND or WD without or with ROS (10 mg/kg/day). Wild-type mice received ND or WD without or with ROS, CIL (10 mg/kg/day), or ROS+CIL for 30 days. Fasting insulin and glucose tolerance test were measured as well as PTEN and P-AKT levels in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Serum glucose after intraperitoneal injection of glucose was higher in PTEN(loxp/cre) mice receiving WD or ROS and especially WD+ROS. Levels were lower in PTEN(+/-) mice compared to PTEN(loxp/cre) in each treatment group. CIL decreased glucose levels in mice receiving WD, ROS and their combination. Insulin levels were higher in the WD+ROS group. CIL decreased insulin in mice receiving WD+ROS. WD, ROS and especially their combination increased PTEN and decreased P-AKT levels. CIL attenuated the effect of WD, ROS and their combination. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ROS can induce diabetes by upregulating PTEN. CIL attenuates these changes. Partial knockdown of PTEN also ameliorates ROS-induced insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of increasing cAMP levels to prevent the induction of diabetes by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Targeted disruption of PDE3B, but not PDE3A, protects murine heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2253-62. [PMID: 25877153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) has been reported to protect rodent heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, neither the specific PDE3 isoform involved nor the underlying mechanisms have been identified. Targeted disruption of PDE3 subfamily B (PDE3B), but not of PDE3 subfamily A (PDE3A), protected mouse heart from I/R injury in vivo and in vitro, with reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. The cardioprotective effect in PDE3B(-/-) heart was reversed by blocking cAMP-dependent PKA and by paxilline, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium-activated K channels, the opening of which is potentiated by cAMP/PKA signaling. Compared with WT mitochondria, PDE3B(-/-) mitochondria were enriched in antiapoptotic Bcl-2, produced less reactive oxygen species, and more frequently contacted transverse tubules where PDE3B was localized with caveolin-3. Moreover, a PDE3B(-/-) mitochondrial fraction containing connexin-43 and caveolin-3 was more resistant to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Proteomics analyses indicated that PDE3B(-/-) heart mitochondria fractions were enriched in buoyant ischemia-induced caveolin-3-enriched fractions (ICEFs) containing cardioprotective proteins. Accumulation of proteins into ICEFs was PKA dependent and was achieved by ischemic preconditioning or treatment of WT heart with the PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide. Taken together, these findings indicate that PDE3B deletion confers cardioprotective effects because of cAMP/PKA-induced preconditioning, which is associated with the accumulation of proteins with cardioprotective function in ICEFs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to define a role for PDE3B in cardioprotection against I/R injury and suggests PDE3B as a target for cardiovascular therapies.
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Tate M, Chong A, Robinson E, Green BD, Grieve DJ. Selective targeting of glucagon-like peptide-1 signalling as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:721-36. [PMID: 25231355 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone whose glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions have been harnessed as a novel therapy for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Although it has been known for some time that the GLP-1 receptor is expressed in the CVS where it mediates important physiological actions, it is only recently that specific cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 in the setting of diabetes have been described. GLP-1 confers indirect benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD) under both normal and hyperglycaemic conditions via reducing established risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity, which are markedly increased in diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that GLP-1 also exerts direct effects on specific aspects of diabetic CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, angiogenesis and adverse cardiac remodelling. However, the majority of studies have employed experimental models of diabetic CVD and information on the effects of GLP-1 in the clinical setting is limited, although several large-scale trials are ongoing. It is clearly important to gain a detailed knowledge of the cardiovascular actions of GLP-1 in diabetes given the large number of patients currently receiving GLP-1-based therapies. This review will therefore discuss current understanding of the effects of GLP-1 on both cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes and direct actions on the heart and vasculature in this setting and the evidence implicating specific targeting of GLP-1 as a novel therapy for CVD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Koh JS, Kim IS, Tantry US, Yoon SE, Park Y, Cho SY, Lee EJ, Park JR, Hwang SJ, Kwak CH, Hwang JY, Gurbel PA, Jeong YH. Pharmacodynamic efficacy and safety of adjunctive cilostazol loading to clopidogrel and aspirin loading: The results of the ACCEL-LOADING (Accelerated Platelet Inhibition by Cilostazol Loading) study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lipoxin a4 preconditioning and postconditioning protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:231351. [PMID: 23956501 PMCID: PMC3730367 DOI: 10.1155/2013/231351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the pre- and postconditioning effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on myocardial damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups: sham groups (C1 and C2), I/R groups (I/R1 and I/R2), and I/R plus LXA4 preconditioning and postconditioning groups (LX1 and LX2). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured. The content and the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase as well as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Along with the examination of myocardium ultrastructure and ventricular arrhythmia scores (VAS), connexin 43 (Cx43) expression were also detected. Lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cTnI, MDA content, and VAS and higher levels of IL-10, SOD activity, Na+-K+-ATPase content and activity, and Cx43 expression appeared in LX groups than I/R groups. Besides, H&E staining, TEM examination as well as analysis of gene, and protein confirmed that LXA4 preconditioning was more effective than postconditioning in preventing arrhythmogenesis via the upregulation of Cx43. That is, LXA4 postconditioning had better protective effect on Na+-K+-ATPase and myocardial ultrastructure.
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Börgeson E, Sharma K. Obesity, immunomodulation and chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:618-24. [PMID: 23751262 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation is associated with numerous pathologies and is an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD is escalating and current therapeutic strategies are seriously lacking in efficacy, and immunomodulation has been suggested as a potential new therapeutic approach. Indeed, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as lipoxins (LXs), resolvins and protectins, have demonstrated protection in adipose inflammation, restoring insulin sensitivity and adiponectin production, while modulating leukocyte infiltration and promoting resolution in visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, SPMs display direct renoprotective effect. Thus we review current evidence of immunomodulation as a potential strategy to subvert obesity-related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Institute for Metabolomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Cyclic AMP-mediated pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation. Focus on "Exendin-4 attenuates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of SERCA2a". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C505-7. [PMID: 23364263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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