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Liu X, Zhang J, Li P, Han P, Kang YJ, Zhang W. Gene expression patterns and related pathways in the hearts of rhesus monkeys subjected to prolonged myocardial ischemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:350-360. [PMID: 36814407 PMCID: PMC10159524 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231151968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI) occurs, progressive pathological cardiac remodeling results in heart dysfunction and even heart failure during the following months or years. The present study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the late phase of MI at the global transcript level. A rhesus monkey model of myocardial ischemia induced by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation was established, and the heart tissue was collected eight weeks after ligation for transcriptome analysis by DNA microarray technology. Differentially expressed genes in the core infarcted area and remote infarcted area of the ischemic heart were detected with significance analysis of microarray (SAM), and related pathways were detected by Gene Ontology (GO)/pathway analysis. We found that compared to the sham condition, prolonged ischemia increased the levels of 941 transcripts, decreased the levels of 380 transcripts in the core infarcted area, and decreased the levels of 8 transcripts in the remote area in monkey heart tissue. Loss of coordination between the expression of genes, including natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), NPPB, and corin (Corin, serine peptidase), may aggravate cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, imbalance in the enriched significantly changed pathways, including fibrosis-related pathways, cardioprotective pathways, and the cardiac systolic pathway, likely also plays a key role in regulating the development of heart remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Tibenska V, Marvanova A, Elsnicova B, Hejnova L, Vebr P, Novotný J, Kolar F, Novakova O, M Zurmanova J. The cardioprotective effect persisting during recovery from cold acclimation is mediated by the β 2-adrenoceptor pathway and Akt activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:746-755. [PMID: 33332989 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00756.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The infarct size-limiting effect elicited by cold acclimation (CA) is accompanied by increased mitochondrial resistance and unaltered β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling persisting for 2 wk at room temperature. As the mechanism of CA-elicited cardioprotection is not fully understood, we examined the role of the salvage β2-AR/Gi/Akt pathway. Male Wistar rats were exposed to CA (8°C, 5 wk), whereas the recovery group (CAR) was kept at 24°C for additional 2 wk. We show that the total number of myocardial β-ARs in the left ventricular myocardium did not change after CA but decreased after CAR. We confirmed the infarct size-limiting effect in both CA and CAR groups. Acute administration of β2-AR inhibitor ICI-118551 abolished the protective effect in the CAR group but had no effect in the control and CA groups. The inhibitory Giα1/2 and Giα3 proteins increased in the membrane fraction of the CAR group, and the phospho-Akt (Ser473)-to-Akt ratio also increased. Expression, phosphorylation, and mitochondrial location of the Akt target glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) were affected neither by CA nor by CAR. However, GSK-3β translocated from the Z-disk to the H-zone after CA, and acquired its original location after CAR. Our data indicate that the cardioprotection observed after CAR is mediated by the β2-AR/Gi pathway and Akt activation. Further studies are needed to unravel downstream targets of the central regulators of the CA process and the downstream targets of the Akt protein after CAR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardioprotective effect of cold acclimation and that persisting for 2 wk after recovery engage in different mechanisms. The β2-adrenoceptor/Gi pathway and Akt are involved only in the mechanism of infarct size-limiting effect occurring during the recovery phase. GSK-3β translocated from the Z-line to the H-zone of sarcomeres by cold acclimation returns back to the original position after the recovery phase. The results provide new insights potentially useful for the development of cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tibenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Marvanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vebr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Cardiomyoblast caveolin expression: effects of simulated diabetes, α-linolenic acid, and cell signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C11-C20. [PMID: 32348174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caveolins regulate myocardial substrate handling, survival signaling, and stress resistance; however, control of expression is incompletely defined. We test how metabolic features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and modulation of cell signaling, influence caveolins in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cells were exposed to glucose (25 vs. 5 mM), insulin (100 nM), or palmitate (0.1 mM), individually or combined, and the effects of adenylate cyclase (AC) activation (50 μM forskolin), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or protein kinase C β2 (PKCβ2) inhibition (1 μM FAK inhibitor 14 or CGP-53353, respectively) or the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) α-linolenic acid (ALA; 10 μM) were tested. Simulated T2D (elevated glucose + insulin + palmitate) depressed caveolin-1 and -3 without modifying caveolin-2. Caveolin-3 repression was primarily palmitate dependent, whereas high glucose (HG) and insulin independently increased caveolin-3 (while reducing expression when combined). Differential control was evident: baseline caveolin-3 was suppressed by FAK/PKCβ2 and insensitive to AC activities, with baseline caveolin-1 and -2 suppressed by AC and insensitive to FAK/PKCβ2. Forskolin and ALA selectively preserved caveolin-3 in T2D cells, whereas PKCβ2 and FAK inhibition increased caveolin-3 under all conditions. Despite preservation of caveolin-3, ALA did not modify nucleosome content (apoptosis marker) or transcription of proinflammatory mediators in T2D cells. In summary, caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCβ2 and FAK activities depress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA and AC activation and PKCβ2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling or extent of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tia A Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Elhasi T, Blomberg A. Integrins in disguise - mechanosensors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as functional integrin analogues. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:335-355. [PMID: 31404395 PMCID: PMC6685044 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.08.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sense external mechanical stimuli is vital for all organisms. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate bidirectional signalling between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton in animals. Thus, integrins can sense changes in ECM mechanics and can translate these into internal biochemical responses through different signalling pathways. In the model yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are no proteins with sequence similarity to mammalian integrins. However, we here emphasise that the WSC-type (Wsc1, Wsc2, and Wsc3) and the MID-type (Mid2 and Mtl1) mechanosensors in yeast act as partial functional integrin analogues. Various environmental cues recognised by these mechanosensors are transmitted by a conserved signal transduction cascade commonly referred to as the PKC1-SLT1 cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. We exemplify the WSC- and MID-type mechanosensors functional analogy to integrins with a number of studies where they resemble the integrins in terms of both mechanistic and molecular features as well as in the overall phenotypic consequences of their activity. In addition, many important components in integrin-dependent signalling in humans are conserved in yeast; for example, Sla1 and Sla2 are homologous to different parts of human talin, and we propose that they together might be functionally similar to talin. We also propose that the yeast cell wall is a prominent cellular feature involved in sensing a number of external factors and subsequently activating different signalling pathways. In a hypothetical model, we propose that nutrient limitations modulate cell wall elasticity, which is sensed by the mechanosensors and results in filamentous growth. We believe that mechanosensing is a somewhat neglected aspect of yeast biology, and we argue that the physiological and molecular consequences of signal transduction initiated at the cell wall deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Elhasi
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lukovic D, Gugerell A, Zlabinger K, Winkler J, Pavo N, Baranyai T, Giricz Z, Varga ZV, Riesenhuber M, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Jakab A, Garamvölgyi R, Petnehazy Ö, Pils D, Tóth L, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P, Gyöngyösi M. Transcriptional Alterations by Ischaemic Postconditioning in a Pig Infarction Model: Impact on Microvascular Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020344. [PMID: 30650650 PMCID: PMC6358966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the application of cardioprotective ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) stimuli after myocardial infarction (MI) is a promising concept for salvaging the myocardium, translation to a clinical scenario has not fulfilled expectations. We have previously shown that in pigs, ischaemic postconditioning (IPostC) reduces myocardial oedema and microvascular obstruction (MVO), without influencing myocardial infarct size. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the IPostC-induced microvascular protection by transcriptomic analysis, followed by pathway analysis. Closed-chest reperfused MI was induced by 90 min percutaneous balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by balloon deflation in anaesthetised pigs. Animals were randomised to IPostC (n = 8), MI (non-conditioned, n = 8), or Control (sham-operated, n = 4) groups. After three hours or three days follow-up, myocardial tissue samples were harvested and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. Although the transcriptome analysis revealed similar expression between IPostC and MI in transcripts involved in cardioprotective pathways, we identified gene expression changes responding to IPostC at the three days follow-up. Focal adhesion signaling, downregulated genes participating in cardiomyopathy and activation of blood cells may have critical consequences for microvascular protection. Specific analyses of the gene subsets enriched in the endothelium of the infarcted area, revealed strong deregulation of transcriptional functional clusters, DNA processing, replication and repair, cell proliferation, and focal adhesion, suggesting sustentative function in the endothelial cell layer protection and integrity. The spatial and time-dependent transcriptome analysis of porcine myocardium supports a protective effect of IPostC on coronary microvasculature post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Martin Riesenhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvár, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Örs Petnehazy
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvár, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Levente Tóth
- Department of Radiology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- Pharmahungary Group, Graphisoft Park, 7 Záhony Street, H-1031 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Bai WJ, Jin PJ, Kuang MQ, Wei QW, Shi FX, Davis JS, Mao DG. Temporal regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, heat shock protein 70 and activating transcription factor 3 during prostaglandin F-induced luteal regression in pseudopregnant rats following heat stress. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1184-1193. [PMID: 27169499 DOI: 10.1071/rd15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase (PK) B signalling during prostaglandin F (PGF)-induced luteal regression. During pseudopregnancy, rats were exposed to heat stress (HS, 40°C, 2h) for 7 days and treated with PGF or physiological saline on Day 7; serum and ovaries were collected 0, 1, 2, 8 or 24h after PGF treatment. The early inhibitory effect of PGF on progesterone was reduced in HS rats. HSP70 expression in response to PGF was significantly enhanced in HS rats. PGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was significantly greater in the HS group; however, HS rats exhibited elevated basal levels of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2. PGF treatment increased expression of activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 at 2h, which was inhibited by heat stress. Evaluating PKB signalling revealed that phosphorylation of p-Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) was reduced at 8 and 24h after PGF treatment in both non-heat stress (NHS) and HS groups, but there were no significant differences between the HS and NHS groups at any of the time points. In conclusion, the present study provides further evidence that heat stress may enhance HSP70 and affect ERK1/2 and ATF3 expression, but not Akt activation, during PGF-induced luteal regression in pseudopregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jiao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Peng-Jing Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mei-Qian Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Xiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - John S Davis
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Da-Gan Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Quindry JC, Franklin BA. Cardioprotective Exercise and Pharmacologic Interventions as Complementary Antidotes to Cardiovascular Disease. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:5-17. [PMID: 28885265 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and pharmacologic therapies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease have advanced largely through independent efforts. Understanding of first-line drug therapies, findings from preclinical animal studies, and the need for research initiatives related to complementary cardioprotective exercise-pharma interventions are reviewed from the premise that contemporary cardioprotective therapies must include adjunctive exercise and lifestyle interventions in addition to pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Barry A Franklin
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
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Graham ZA, Touchberry CD, Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Geiger PC, Gallagher PM. Changes in α7β1 integrin signaling after eccentric exercise in heat-shocked rat soleus. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:562-8. [PMID: 24956997 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α7β1 integrin links the extracellular matrix to the focal adhesion (FA) in skeletal muscle and serves as a stabilizing and signal relayer. Heat shock (HS) induces expression of proteins that interact with the FA. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON); eccentric exercise (EE); or EE+HS (HS). Soleus muscle was analyzed at 2 h and 48 h post-exercise. RESULTS The 120-kDa α7 integrin decreased in the EE and HS groups, and the 70-kDa peptide decreased in the EE group at 2 h post-exercise. Total expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and RhoA were decreased in EE and HS at 2 h post-exercise. Expression of phosphorylated FAK(397) decreased in the EE group but not the HS group at 2 h post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS Long-duration EE may cause alterations in the FA in rat soleus muscle through the α7 integrin subunit and FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Graham
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 101DJ Robinson Center, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
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Perricone AJ, Vander Heide RS. Novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic heart disease. Pharmacol Res 2014; 89:36-45. [PMID: 25193582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the physician's ability to initiate myocardial reperfusion and salvage heart tissue, ischemic heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Consequently, alternative therapeutic strategies have been intensively investigated, especially methods of enhancing the heart's resistance to ischemic cell death - so called "cardioprotective" interventions. However, although a great deal has been learned regarding the methods and mechanisms of cardioprotective interventions, an efficacious therapy has yet to be successfully implemented in the clinical arena. This review discusses the current understanding of cardioprotection in the context of ischemic heart disease pathophysiology, highlighting those elements of ischemic heart disease pathophysiology that have received less attention as potential targets of cardioprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Perricone
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Richard S Vander Heide
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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Quindry JC, Hamilton KL. Exercise and cardiac preconditioning against ischemia reperfusion injury. Curr Cardiol Rev 2014; 9:220-9. [PMID: 23909636 PMCID: PMC3780347 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x113099990033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. Ongoing research is aimed at uncovering therapeutic interventions against IR injury. Regular exercise participation is recognized as an important lifestyle intervention in the prevention and treatment of CVD and IR injury. More recent understanding reveals that moderate intensity aerobic exercise is also an important experimental model for understanding the cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection against IR injury. An important discovery in this regard was the observation that one-to-several days of exercise will attenuate IR injury. This phenomenon has been observed in young and old hearts of both sexes. Due to the short time course of exercise induced protection, IR injury prevention must be mediated by acute biochemical alterations within the myocardium. Research over the last decade reveals that redundant mechanisms account for exercise induced cardioprotection against IR. While much is now known about exercise preconditioning against IR injury, many questions remain. Perhaps most pressing, is what mechanisms mediate cardioprotection in aged hearts and what sex-dependent differences exist. Given that that exercise preconditioning is a polygenic effect, it is likely that multiple mediators of exercise induced cardioprotection have yet to be uncovered. Also unknown, is whether post translational modifications due to exercise are responsible for IR injury prevention. This review will provide an overview the major mechanisms of IR injury and exercise preconditioning. The discussion highlights many promising avenues for further research and describes how exercise preconditioning may continue to be an important scientific paradigm in the translation of cardioprotection research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Quindry
- Cardioprotection Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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11
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Samarel AM. Focal adhesion signaling in heart failure. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1101-11. [PMID: 24515292 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, recent evidence is presented to indicate a role for specific components of the cardiomyocyte costamere (and its related structure the focal adhesion complex of cultured cardiomyocytes) in initiating and sustaining the aberrant signal transduction that contributes to myocardial remodeling and the progression to heart failure (HF). Special attention is devoted to the focal adhesion kinase family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases in bidirectional signal transduction during cardiac remodeling and HF progression. Finally, some speculations and directions for future study are provided for this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Samarel
- The Cardiovascular Institute and the Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Building 110, Rm 5222, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA,
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12
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Perricone AJ, Bivona BJ, Jackson FR, Vander Heide RS. Conditional knockout of myocyte focal adhesion kinase abrogates ischemic preconditioning in adult murine hearts. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000457. [PMID: 24080910 PMCID: PMC3835261 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the importance of a cytoskeletal‐based survival signaling pathway using in vitro models of ischemia/reperfusion (IR). However, the importance of this pathway in mediating stress‐elicited survival signaling in vivo is unknown. Methods and Results The essential cytoskeletal signaling pathway member focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was selectively deleted in adult cardiac myocytes using a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre‐Lox system (α‐MHC‐MerCreMer). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were performed to confirm FAK knockout (KO). All mice were subjected to a 40‐minute coronary occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) was performed using a standard protocol. Control groups included wild‐type (WT) and tamoxifen‐treated α‐MHC‐MerCreMer+/−/FAKWT/WT (experimental control) mice. Infarct size was expressed as a percentage of the risk region. In WT mice IP significantly enhanced the expression of activated/phosphorylated FAK by 36.3% compared to WT mice subjected to a sham experimental protocol (P≤0.05; n=6 hearts [sham], n=4 hearts [IP]). IP significantly reduced infarct size in both WT and experimental control mice (43.7% versus 19.8%; P≤0.001; 44.7% versus 17.5%; P≤0.001, respectively). No difference in infarct size was observed between preconditioned FAK KO and nonpreconditioned controls (37.1% versus 43.7% versus 44.7%; FAK KO versus WT versus experimental control; P=NS). IP elicited a 67.2%/88.8% increase in activated phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) p85/activated Akt expression in WT mice, but failed to enhance the expression of either in preconditioned FAK KO mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that FAK is an essential mediator of IP‐elicited cardioprotection and provide further support for the hypothesis that cytoskeletal‐based signaling is an important component of stress‐elicited survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Perricone
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (A.J.P., B.J.B., F.R.J., R.S.V.H.)
| | - Benjamin J. Bivona
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (A.J.P., B.J.B., F.R.J., R.S.V.H.)
| | - Fannie R. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (A.J.P., B.J.B., F.R.J., R.S.V.H.)
| | - Richard S. Vander Heide
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (A.J.P., B.J.B., F.R.J., R.S.V.H.)
- Correspondence to: Richard S. Vander Heide, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112. E‐mail:
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Kim CH, Hao J, Ahn HY, Kim SW. Activation of Akt/protein kinase B mediates the protective effects of mechanical stretching against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:235-44. [PMID: 23000580 PMCID: PMC3467398 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/protein kinase B is a well-known cell survival factor and activated by many stimuli including mechanical stretching. Therefore, we evaluated the cardioprotective effect of a brief mechanical stretching of rat hearts and determined whether activation of Akt through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in stretch-induced cardioprotection (SIC). Stretch preconditioning reduced infarct size and improved post-ischemic cardiac function compared to the control group. Phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrate, GSK-3β, was increased by mechanical stretching and completely blocked by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment with lithium or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitors) before ischemia induction mimicked the protective effects of SIC on rat heart. Gadolinium (Gd3+), a blocker of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs), inhibited the stretch-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. Furthermore, SIC was abrogated by wortmannin and Gd3+. In vivo stretching induced by an aorto-caval shunt increased Akt phosphorylation and reduced myocardial infarction; these effects were diminished by wortmannin and Gd3+ pretreatment. Our results showed that mechanical stretching can provide cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the activation of Akt, which might be regulated by SACs and the PI3K pathway, plays an important role in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
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Biophysical Forces Modulate the Costamere and Z-Disc for Sarcomere Remodeling in Heart Failure. BIOPHYSICS OF THE FAILING HEART 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7678-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cheng Z, DiMichele LA, Hakim ZS, Rojas M, Mack CP, Taylor JM. Targeted focal adhesion kinase activation in cardiomyocytes protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:924-33. [PMID: 22383703 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.245134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that cardiac-restricted deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) exacerbated myocyte death following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we interrogated whether targeted elevation of myocardial FAK activity could protect the heart from I/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic mice were generated with myocyte-specific expression of a FAK variant (termed SuperFAK) that conferred elevated allosteric activation. FAK activity in unstressed transgenic hearts was modestly elevated, but this had no discernable effect on anabolic heart growth or cardiac function. Importantly, SuperFAK hearts exhibited a dramatic increase in FAK activity and a reduction in myocyte apoptosis and infarct size 24 to 72 hours following I/R. Moreover, serial echocardiography revealed that the transgenic mice were protected from cardiac decompensation for up to 8 weeks following surgery. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated FAK activity protected cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced apoptosis by enhancing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent survival signaling during the early period of reperfusion (30 and 60 minutes). Moreover, adenoviral-mediated expression of SuperFAK in cultured cardiomyocytes attenuated H(2)O(2) or hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis, whereas blockade of the NF-κB pathway using a pharmacological inhibitor or small interfering RNAs completely abolished the beneficial effect of SuperFAK. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing cardiac FAK activity attenuates I/R-induced myocyte apoptosis through activation of the prosurvival NF-κB pathway and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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Porter K, Medford HM, McIntosh CM, Marsh SA. Cardioprotection requires flipping the 'posttranslational modification' switch. Life Sci 2011; 90:89-98. [PMID: 22154907 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing damage during reperfusion of the heart following an ischemic event is an important part of the recovery process, as is preventing future recurrences; however, restoring blood perfusion to the heart following ischemia can lead to apoptosis, necrosis, and finally, diminished cardiac function. Exercise reduces risk of heart disease and has been shown to improve the recovery of the heart following ischemia and reperfusion. Brief intermittent ischemic events administered prior to or following a myocardial infarction have also been demonstrated to reduce the infarct size and improve cardiac function, thereby providing cardioprotection. Many signaling transduction pathways are known to regulate cardioprotection, including but not limited to calcium regulation, antioxidant scavenging, and kinase activation. Although posttranslational modifications (PTM) such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, methylation, and acetylation are essential regulators of these pathways, their contributions are often overlooked in the literature. This review will examine how PTMS are important regulators of cardioprotection and demonstrate why they should be targeted when developing future therapies for the minimization of damage caused by cardiac ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Porter
- Program in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Shao ZH, Sharp WW, Wojcik KR, Li CQ, Han M, Chang WT, Ramachandran S, Li J, Hamann KJ, Vanden Hoek TL. Therapeutic hypothermia cardioprotection via Akt- and nitric oxide-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial oxidants. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H2164-73. [PMID: 20382860 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00994.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a promising cardioprotective treatment for cardiac arrest and acute myocardial infarction, but its cytoprotective mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we developed a murine cardiomyocyte model of ischemia-reperfusion injury to better determine the mechanisms of TH cardioprotection. We hypothesized that TH manipulates Akt, a survival kinase that mediates mitochondrial protection by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Cardiomyocytes, isolated from 1- to 2-day-old C57BL6/J mice, were exposed to 90 min simulated ischemia and 3 h reperfusion. For TH, cells were cooled to 32 degrees C during the last 20 min of ischemia and the first hour of reperfusion. Cell viability was evaluated by propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase release. ROS production was measured by 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) by 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazoly-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1). Phospho (p)-Akt (Thr308), p-Akt (Ser473), and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (p-HSP27) (Ser82) were analyzed by Western blot analysis. TH attenuated reperfusion ROS generation, increased NO, maintained DeltaPsim, and decreased cell death [19.3 + or - 3.3% (n = 11) vs. 44.7 + or - 2.7% (n = 10), P < 0.001]. TH also increased p-Akt during ischemia before reperfusion. TH protection and attenuation of ROS were blocked by the inhibition of Akt and NO synthase but not by a cGMP inhibitor. HSP27, a regulator of Akt, also exhibited increased phosphorylation (Ser82) during ischemia with TH. We conclude that TH cardioprotection is mediated by enhanced Akt/HSP27 phosphorylation and enhanced NO generation, resulting in the attenuation of ROS generation and the maintenance of DeltaPsim following ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Hui Shao
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emergency Resuscitation Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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