1
|
Healing the Broken Hearts: A Glimpse on Next Generation Therapeutics. HEARTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts3040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 32% of deaths globally and thus representing almost 18 million people according to WHO. Myocardial infarction, the most prevalent adult cardiovascular pathology, affects over half a million people in the USA according to the last records of the AHA. However, not only adult cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent diseases in adulthood, but congenital heart diseases also affect 0.8–1.2% of all births, accounting for mild developmental defects such as atrial septal defects to life-threatening pathologies such as tetralogy of Fallot or permanent common trunk that, if not surgically corrected in early postnatal days, they are incompatible with life. Therefore, both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases represent an enormous social and economic burden that invariably demands continuous efforts to understand the causes of such cardiovascular defects and develop innovative strategies to correct and/or palliate them. In the next paragraphs, we aim to briefly account for our current understanding of the cellular bases of both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases, providing a perspective of the plausible lines of action that might eventually result in increasing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. This analysis will come out with the building blocks for designing novel and innovative therapeutic approaches to healing the broken hearts.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ranjbar K. Improved Cardiac Function Following Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Using Exercise Preconditioning and L-Arginine Supplementation via Oxidative Stress Mitigation and Angiogenesis Amelioration. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:736-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
Wongsuttawas S, Brikshavana P, Durongphongtorn S, Techangamsuwan S. Serum angiopoietin-2 levels in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma, haemangioma, and splenitis. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:55-66. [PMID: 33964126 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemangioma (HA) and haemangiosarcoma (HSA) are among the most common splenic neoplasms in dogs. The survival time in splenic HSA is short, probably due to the lack of proper biological markers allowing early detection. We investigated the serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations in 9 healthy dogs and 40 dogs with abnormal splenic masses. The Ang-2 concentration differences were further compared in healthy dogs, dogs with splenitis, splenic HA and HSA. The results showed that the Ang-2 level in healthy dogs was significantly lower than in the splenitis and splenic HA cases. Moreover, the Ang-2 level was significantly higher in splenic HA than in splenic HSA. Conversely, no significant differences in Ang-2 level were recorded between healthy and splenic HSA dogs, and between splenitis and splenic neoplasms (HA and HSA). No significant correlations were observed between the Ang-2 level and (i) the clinical stage, (ii) histological growth pattern, and (iii) median survival time of splenic HSA dogs. In conclusion, serum Ang-2 concentration is a potentially useful biological marker for the discrimination of dogs with splenitis and splenic HA, as well as for the differentiation of splenic HA from its malignant form, HSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supissara Wongsuttawas
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasakorn Brikshavana
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumit Durongphongtorn
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- 2Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marcella S, Petraroli A, Braile M, Parente R, Ferrara AL, Galdiero MR, Modestino L, Cristinziano L, Rossi FW, Varricchi G, Triggiani M, de Paulis A, Spadaro G, Loffredo S. Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins as new players in mastocytosis. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:415-427. [PMID: 33687603 PMCID: PMC8266723 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and/or accumulation of mast cells in different organs. More than 90% of patients with systemic mastocytosis have a gain-of-function mutation in codon 816 of the KIT receptor on mast cells (MCs). The symptoms of mastocytosis patients are related to the MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects. MCs produce angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins (ANGPTs). Serum concentrations of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 were determined in 64 mastocytosis patients and 64 healthy controls. Intracellular concentrations and spontaneous release of these mediators were evaluated in the mast cell lines ROSAKIT WT and ROSA KIT D816V and in human lung mast cells (HLMCs). VEGF-A, ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and VEGF-C concentrations were higher in mastocytosis patients compared to controls. The VEGF-A, ANGPT2 and VEGF-C concentrations were correlated with the symptom severity. ANGPT1 concentrations were increased in all patients compared to controls. ANGPT2 levels were correlated with severity of clinical variants and with tryptase levels. VEGF-A, ANGPT1 and VEGF-C did not differ between indolent and advanced mastocytosis. ROSAKIT WT, ROSAKIT D816V and HLMCs contained and spontaneously released VEGFs and ANGPTs. Serum concentrations of VEGFs and ANGPTs are altered in mastocytosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Braile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Parente
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hausenloy DJ, Chilian W, Crea F, Davidson SM, Ferdinandy P, Garcia-Dorado D, van Royen N, Schulz R, Heusch G. The coronary circulation in acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a target for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1143-1155. [PMID: 30428011 PMCID: PMC6529918 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary circulation is both culprit and victim of acute myocardial infarction. The rupture of an epicardial atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombosis causes coronary occlusion, and this occlusion must be removed to induce reperfusion. However, ischaemia and reperfusion cause damage not only in cardiomyocytes but also in the coronary circulation, including microembolization of debris and release of soluble factors from the culprit lesion, impairment of endothelial integrity with subsequently increased permeability and oedema formation, platelet activation and leucocyte adherence, erythrocyte stasis, a shift from vasodilation to vasoconstriction, and ultimately structural damage to the capillaries with eventual no-reflow, microvascular obstruction (MVO), and intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH). Therefore, the coronary circulation is a valid target for cardioprotection, beyond protection of the cardiomyocyte. Virtually all of the above deleterious endpoints have been demonstrated to be favourably influenced by one or the other mechanical or pharmacological cardioprotective intervention. However, no-reflow is still a serious complication of reperfused myocardial infarction and carries, independently from infarct size, an unfavourable prognosis. MVO and IMH can be diagnosed by modern imaging technologies, but still await an effective therapy. The current review provides an overview of strategies to protect the coronary circulation from acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. This article is part of a Cardiovascular Research Spotlight Issue entitled 'Cardioprotection Beyond the Cardiomyocyte', and emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)-CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - William Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, USA
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, F. Policlinico Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Biology and Metabolism Area, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nagaraja S, Chen L, DiPietro LA, Reifman J, Mitrophanov AY. Predictive Approach Identifies Molecular Targets and Interventions to Restore Angiogenesis in Wounds With Delayed Healing. Front Physiol 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31191342 PMCID: PMC6547939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of wounds with delayed healing, and currently used therapies to restore angiogenesis have limited efficacy. Here, we employ a computational simulation-based approach to identify influential molecular and cellular processes, as well as protein targets, whose modulation may stimulate angiogenesis in wounds. We developed a mathematical model that captures the time courses for platelets, 9 cell types, 29 proteins, and oxygen, which are involved in inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis during wound healing. We validated our model using previously published experimental data. By performing global sensitivity analysis on thousands of simulated wound-healing scenarios, we identified six processes (among the 133 modeled in total) whose modulation may improve angiogenesis in wounds. By simulating knockouts of 25 modeled proteins and by simulating different wound-oxygenation levels, we identified four proteins [namely, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2)], as well as oxygen, as therapeutic targets for stimulating angiogenesis in wounds. Our modeling results indicated that simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and supplementation of either FGF-2 or ANG-2 could be more effective in stimulating wound angiogenesis than the modulation of either protein alone. Our findings suggest experimentally testable intervention strategies to restore angiogenesis in wounds with delayed healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Nagaraja
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Y Mitrophanov
- Department of Defense, Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jian W, Li L, Wei XM, Wu CQ, Gui C. Prognostic value of angiopoietin-2 for patients with coronary heart disease after elective PCI. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14216. [PMID: 30702576 PMCID: PMC6380730 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently have cardiovascular complications after undergoing PCI. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is an important proangiogenic factor that also plays an important role in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the value of Ang-2 in predicting cardiovascular events after elective PCI.This prospective study enrolled 97 patients with CHD who underwent elective PCI from 2013 to 2014. Blood samples were collected in the first morning after admission and within 24 to 48 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction/repeat revascularization, readmission for severe deterioration of angina and readmission for new onset heart failure. Based on the median level of pre-PCI or post-PCI Ang-2, the patients were divided into a low level group and a high level group.During the whole follow-up period (mean, 53 ± 13 months), Kaplan-Meier curves of cardiovascular events showed that there was no significant difference between the two pre-PCI groups (χ = 2.22, P = .137, and log-rank test) or the two post-PCI groups (χ = 2.83, P = .093, and log-rank test). However, in a multivariable Cox regression model, landmark analysis showed that the patients in high level group of post-PCI, not pre-PCI, were associated with remarkable higher risks of cardiovascular events compared to the low level group during the first 1.5 years of follow-up (adjusted HR = 9.99, 95%CI = 1.99-50.13, P = .005). However, that was of no significance from 1.5 years to maximum follow-up years (adjusted HR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.26-2.59, P = .733).High Ang-2 levels of post-PCI can predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events in the short to medium term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Xiao-Min Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jian W, Li L, Wei XM, Guan JH, Yang GL, Gui C. Serum angiopoietin-2 concentrations of post-PCI are correlated with the parameters of renal function in patients with coronary artery disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13960. [PMID: 30608432 PMCID: PMC6344115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently have comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their renal function may deteriorate because of the use of contrast agent after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), which is highly expressed in the site of angiogenesis, plays an important role in both CAD and CKD. This study aimed to investigate the relation of serum Ang-2 concentrations with the renal function after PCI.This study enrolled 57 patients with CAD undergoing PCI. Blood samples for Ang-2 were collected in the first morning after admission and within 24 to 48 h after PCI. The parameters of renal function (serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR) were tested on the first day after admission and within 72 h after PCI.Overall, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI were significantly lower than those of pre-PCI [median, 1733 (IQR, 1100-2568) vs median, 2523 (IQR, 1702-3640) pg/mL; P < .001]. However, in patients with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m), there was no significant difference between serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI and those of pre-PCI [median, 2851 (IQR, 1720-4286) vs. median, 2492 (IQR, 1434-4994) pg/mL; P = .925]. In addition, serum Ang-2 levels of post-PCI, but not pre-PCI, were significantly correlated with the post-PCI parameters of renal function.Serum Ang-2 concentrations of post-PCI are closely related to renal function in patients with CAD. It may have potential to be the early biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Xiao-Min Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou
| | - Jia-Hui Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Liang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Svensson F, Zoufir A, Mahmoud S, Afzal AM, Smit I, Giblin KA, Clements PJ, Mettetal JT, Pointon A, Harvey JS, Greene N, Williams RV, Bender A. Information-Derived Mechanistic Hypotheses for Structural Cardiotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1119-1127. [PMID: 30350600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse events resulting from drug therapy can be a cause of drug withdrawal, reduced and or restricted clinical use, as well as a major economic burden for society. To increase the safety of new drugs, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms causing the adverse events. One way to derive new mechanistic hypotheses is by linking data on drug adverse events with the drugs' biological targets. In this study, we have used data mining techniques and mutual information statistical approaches to find associations between reported adverse events collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and assay outcomes from ToxCast, with the aim to generate mechanistic hypotheses related to structural cardiotoxicity (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes and/or loss of viability). Our workflow identified 22 adverse event-assay outcome associations. From these associations, 10 implicated targets could be substantiated with evidence from previous studies reported in the literature. For two of the identified targets, we also describe a more detailed mechanism, forming putative adverse outcome pathways associated with structural cardiotoxicity. Our study also highlights the difficulties deriving these type of associations from the very limited amount of data available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Svensson
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Azedine Zoufir
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Samar Mahmoud
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Avid M Afzal
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Ines Smit
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A Giblin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Clements
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd , Park Road , Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP , United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety and ADME Translational Sciences , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - James S Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd , Park Road , Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP , United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Greene
- Predictive Compound Safety and ADME , AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Richard V Williams
- Lhasa Limited , Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf , Leeds LS11 5PS , United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fracassi F, Niccoli G, Vetrugno V, Cauteruccio M, Buffon A, Gatto I, Giarretta I, Tondi P, Pola R, Crea F. The 9p21 Rs 1333040 polymorphism is associated with coronary microvascular obstruction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2017; 8:703-707. [PMID: 28984467 DOI: 10.1177/2048872617735808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular obstruction (MVO) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) leads to higher incidence of both early and late complications. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9p21 chromosome have been shown to affect angiogenesis in response to ischaemia. In particular, Rs1333040 with its three genotypic vriants C/C, T/C and T/T might influence the occurrence of MVO after pPCI. METHODS We enrolled ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing pPCI. The Rs1333040 polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism using restriction endonucleases (Bsml). Two expert operators unaware of the patients' identity performed the angiographic analysis; collaterals were assessed applying Rentrop's classification. Angiographic MVO was defined as a post-pPCI Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)<3 or TIMI 3 with myocardial blush grade 0 or 1, whereas electrocardiographic MVO was defined as ST segment resolution <70% one hour after pPCI. RESULTS Among our 133 STEMI patients (mean age 63 ± 11 years, men 72%), 35 (26%) and 53 (40%) respectively experienced angiographic or electrocardiographic MVO. Angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO were different among the three variants (p= 0.03 and p=0.02 respectively). In particular, T/T genotype was associated with a higher incidence of both angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO compared with C/C genotype (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively). Moreover, Rentrop score <2 detection rate differed among the three genotypes (p=0.03). In particular T/T genotype was associated with a higher incidence of a Rentrop score <2 as compared with C/C genotype (p= 0.02). CONCLUSION Rs1333040 polymorphism genetic variants portend different MVO incidence. In particular, T/T genotype is related to angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO and to worse collaterals towards the culprit artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fracassi
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vetrugno
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cauteruccio
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Buffon
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gatto
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Giarretta
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pola
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of dedicated research, is understood to be dictated through multiple mechanisms that include extravascular compressive forces (tissue pressure), coronary perfusion pressure, myogenic, local metabolic, endothelial as well as neural and hormonal influences. While each of these determinants can have profound influence over myocardial perfusion, largely through effects on end-effector ion channels, these mechanisms collectively modulate coronary vascular resistance and act to ensure that the myocardial requirements for oxygen and substrates are adequately provided by the coronary circulation. The purpose of this series of Comprehensive Physiology is to highlight current knowledge regarding the physiologic regulation of coronary blood flow, with emphasis on functional anatomy and the interplay between the physical and biological determinants of myocardial oxygen delivery. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:321-382, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gregory M Dick
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 872 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA
| | - Alexander M Kiel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, Lafayette, IN
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL, Mesbah Y, Soliman MF. Vascular and cellular changes accompany altered expression of angiopoietins in placenta of non-complicated ART pregnancies. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:284-289. [PMID: 28238760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ART is steadily performed for infertility cases and most of the previous researches have focused on complicated pregnancies. Nonetheless, few ones have concerned with placenta of ART in non-complicated pregnancies. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of angiopoietins (ANG) and their receptor, TIE-2, in placenta of full-term non-complicated pregnancies having ART (n=28) versus those with spontaneous conception (n=28) together with the histological as well as morphometric analysis. RESULTS While no prominent changes were noticed in the histological structure of the placenta ART pregnancies, it showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the percentage of syncytial area and numbers of syncytial knots with insignificant reduction in the placental villous area. Vascular changes in the form of significant decrease (p<0.05) in the chorionic vessel diameter and significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage of vessel area were detected in the ART placenta. In addition, the levels ANG-1, ANG-2 and TIE-2 were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the ART placentas compared with those of SC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that there is an altered expression of angiopoietins accompanying the morphometric changes occurring in placenta of ART pregnancies. These changes may indicate vascular and cellular adaptation mechanism for a potential subclinical hypoxia in placenta of ART even in non-complicated pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Alaa El-Din L Firgany
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yaser Mesbah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mona Fm Soliman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng ZY, Gui C, Li L, Wei XM. Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Serum Angiopoietin-2 in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:631-5. [PMID: 26960364 PMCID: PMC4804407 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.177968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and is expressed only in sites of vascular remodeling. Ang-2 expression can be regulated by hypoxia inducible factors and other regulators with exposure to hypoxia. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on serum Ang-2 concentrations, and analyze the correlation between serum Ang-2 and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Sixty-four patients with CHD were selected as the study group, each undergone PCI. Thirty-two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Pre-PCI and post-PCI serum Ang-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was evaluated using angiographic Gensini scores, and the coronary collateral vessels were scored according to Rentrop's classification. Results: Concentrations of pre-PCI serum Ang-2 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (4625.06 ± 1838.06 vs. 1945.74 ± 1588.17 pg/ml, P < 0.01); however, concentrations of post-PCI serum Ang-2 were significantly lower than those of pre-PCI (3042.63 ± 1845.33 pg/ml vs. 4625.06 ± 1838.06 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Concentrations of pre-PCI serum Ang-2 were significantly correlated with Gensini scores (r = 0.488, P < 0.01); however, the decrease in serum Ang-2 after PCI was not correlated with Gensini scores, coronary collateral vessel grading, or left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: Serum Ang-2 concentrations significantly increased in patients with CHD, and PCI treatment significantly decreased these concentrations. Serum Ang-2 concentrations, but not the decrease in serum Ang-2 concentrations, were significantly correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. These results suggested that Ang-2 may be a biomarker of myocardial ischemia and vessel remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sabatino L, Kusmic C, Nicolini G, Amato R, Casini G, Iervasi G, Balzan S. T3 enhances Ang2 in rat aorta in myocardial I/R: comparison with left ventricle. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:139-49. [PMID: 27444191 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for recovery after tissue damage in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, and tri-iodothyronine (T3) has documented effects on angiogenesis. The angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor represent an essential system in angiogenesis controlling endothelial cell survival and vascular maturation. Recently, in a 3-day ischemia/reperfusion rat model, the infusion of a low dose of T3 improved the post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function.Adopting this model, our study aimed to investigate the effects of T3 on the capillary index and the expression of angiogenic genes as the angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor system, in the thoracic aorta and in the left ventricle. In the thoracic aorta, T3 infusion significantly improved the angiogenic sprouting and angiopoietin 2 expression. Instead, Sham-T3 group did not show any significant increment of capillary density and angiopoietin 2 expression. In the area at risk (AAR) of the left ventricle, T3 infusion did not increase capillary density but restored levels of angiopoietin 1, which were reduced in I/R group. Angiopoietin 2 levels were similar to Sham group and unchanged by T3 administration. In the remote zone, T3 induced a significant increment of both angiopoietin 1/2. In conclusion, T3 infusion induced a different response of angiopoietin 1/2 between the ventricle (the AAR and the remote zone) and the thoracic aorta, probably reflecting the different action of angiopoietin 1/2 in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Overall, these data suggest a new aspect of T3-mediated cardioprotection through angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosario Amato
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ye L, Haider HK, Jiang SJ, Sim EKW. Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 12:173-81. [PMID: 15213090 DOI: 10.1177/021849230401200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor can reduce tissue ischemia by simulating the natural process of angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor not only stimulates endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate, but also mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells and achieves vascular protection. Besides direct administration of angiogenic proteins, plasmids and viral vectors carrying angiogenic genes have been used. Animal experiments have shown promise with evidence of neovascularization and improved perfusion in the target myocardium. Initial phase I and II clinical trials results are encouraging and reflect the potential success of therapeutic angiogenesis as a clinical modality for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. This review discusses the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in therapeutic angiogenesis, along with the problems and considerations of this approach as a treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ho YT, Poinard B, Kah JCY. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems and their use in cardiac tissue therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:693-714. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases make up one of the main causes of death today, with myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease contributing a large share of the deaths reported. With mainstream clinical therapy focusing on palliative medicine following myocardial infarction, the structural changes that occur in the diseased heart will eventually lead to end-stage heart failure. Heart transplantation remains the only gold standard of cure but a shortage in donor organs pose a major problem that led to clinicians and researchers looking into alternative strategies for cardiac repair. This review will examine some alternative methods of treatment using chemokines and drugs carried by nanoparticles as drug delivering agents for the purposes of treating myocardial infarction through the promotion of revascularization. We will also provide an overview of existing studies involving such nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, their reported efficacy and the challenges facing their translation into ubiquitous clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teck Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Barbara Poinard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma Z, Shou K, Li Z, Jian C, Qi B, Yu A. Negative pressure wound therapy promotes vessel destabilization and maturation at various stages of wound healing and thus influences wound prognosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1307-1317. [PMID: 27073441 PMCID: PMC4812564 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been observed to accelerate the wound healing process in humans through promoting angiogenesis. However, the potential biological effect and relevant molecular mechanisms, including microvessel destabilization, regression and endothelial cell proliferation in the early stage (1–3 days), and the neovascular stabilization and maturation in the later stage (7–15 days), have yet to be fully elucidated. The current study aimed to research the potential effect of NPWT on angiogenesis and vessel maturation, and investigate relevant association between mature microvessels and wound prognosis, as well as the regulatory mechanisms in human wound healing. Patients in the present study (n=48) were treated with NPWT or a petrolatum gauze, and relevant growth factors and vessel changes were detected using various experimental methods. NPWT increased the expression levels of angiogenin-2 (Ang-2), and decreased the expression levels of Ang-1 and ratios of Ang-1/Ang-2 in the initial stages of wound healing. However, in the latter stages of wound healing, NPWT increased the expression levels of Ang-1 and ratios of Ang-1/Ang-2, as well as the phosphorylation level of tyrosine kinase receptor-2. Consequently, microvessel pericyte coverage was gradually elevated, and the basement membrane was gradually supplied with new blood at the later stage of wound healing. In conclusion, NPWT may preferentially stimulate microvessel destabilization and regression in the early stage of wound healing, and as a consequence, increase angiogenesis. Subsequently, in the later stage of wound healing, NPWT may preferentially promote microvessel stabilization, thereby promoting microvessel maturation in human wounds through the angiogenin/tyrosine kinase receptor-2 signaling pathway. The results of the present study results demonstrated that NPWT was able to accelerate wound healing speed, and thus influence wound prognosis, as a result of an abundance of mature microvessels in human wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kangquan Shou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zonghuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Olver TD, Ferguson BS, Laughlin MH. Molecular Mechanisms for Exercise Training-Induced Changes in Vascular Structure and Function: Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, and the Brain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:227-57. [PMID: 26477917 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compared with resting conditions, during incremental exercise, cardiac output in humans is elevated from ~5 to 25 L min(-1). In conjunction with this increase, the proportion of cardiac output directed toward skeletal muscle increases from ~20% to 85%, while blood flow to cardiac muscle increases 500% and blood flow to specific brain structures increases nearly 200%. Based on existing evidence, researchers believe that blood flow in these tissues is matched to the increases in metabolic rate during exercise. This phenomenon, the matching of blood flow to metabolic requirement, is often referred to as functional hyperemia. This chapter summarizes mechanical and metabolic factors that regulate functional hyperemia as well as other exercise-induced signals, which are also potent stimuli for chronic adaptations in vascular biology. Repeated exposure to exercise-induced increases in shear stress and the induction of angiogenic factors alter vascular cell gene expression and mediate changes in vascular volume and blood flow control. The magnitude and regulation of this coordinated response appear to be tissue specific and coupled to other factors such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The cumulative effects of these adaptations contribute to increased exercise capacity, reduced relative challenge of a given submaximal exercise bout and ameliorated vascular outcomes in patient populations with pathological conditions. In the subsequent discussion, this chapter explores exercise as a regulator of vascular biology and summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise training-induced changes in vascular structure and function in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian S Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Al-Ameen MA, Li J, Beer DG, Ghosh G. Sensitive, quantitative, and high-throughput detection of angiogenic markers using shape-coded hydrogel microparticles. Analyst 2015; 140:4530-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of the application of shape coded hydrogel microparticles for multiplexed detection of angiogenic molecules. Utilization of single fluorophore eliminates the spectral overlap associated with microparticle based multiplexed analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Al-Ameen
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - Ji Li
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
| | - David G. Beer
- Thoracic Surgery
- Department of Surgery
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Ann Arbor MI 48109
- USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Bioengineering Program
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Dearborn
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng Y, Lu X, Li J, Zhang Q, Reinhardt JD. Impact of remote physiological ischemic training on vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial progenitor cells and coronary angiogenesis after myocardial ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:894-901. [PMID: 25453408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experimental study investigates the potential role of physiological ischemic training (PIT) of remote limbs on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and myocardial angiogenesis after myocardial ischemia. METHODS Forty-two rabbits were assigned into six groups at random: sham-operated (SO), training only (TO), myocardial ischemia (MI), PIT, EPC promoter (PIT+), and EPC inhibitor (PIT-). MI was experimentally induced by implanting a constrictor around the left ventricular branch. The PIT procedure included three 3-min cycles of cuff inflations on the hind limbs followed by a 5 min reperfusion. VEGF mRNA, protein and EPC numbers were measured in plasma and myocardium. Capillary density (CD), coronary blood flow (CBF) and coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF) were also determined. RESULTS Groups were compared using non-parametric statistics and associations between agents were explored with fractional polynomial regression. VEGF-mRNA and -protein levels were highest in PIT+ and PIT. PIT differed significantly from SO, TO, MI, and PIT- regarding VEGF-mRNA and -protein in plasma and VEGF-protein in myocardium. EPCs were highest in PIT+ followed by PIT. PIT differed significantly from SO, TO, MI, and PIT- regarding plasma EPCs. CD, CCBF and CCBF/CBF were significantly increased in PIT+ and PIT as compared to controls. PIT- did not differ significantly from SO and TO. VEGF explained up to 43% of variance in EPCs. EPCs explained up to 87% of variance in CD. CD explained up to 97% of variance in CCBF and CCBF/CBF. CONCLUSION PIT stimulates VEGF-mediated mobilization of EPCs as well as angiogenesis and might be proven as a new treatment strategy for patients with coronary heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China; Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qingsha Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; University of Lucerne, Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Physical ischaemia induced by isometric exercise facilitated collateral development in the remote ischaemic myocardium of humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:581-8. [PMID: 24888429 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isometric-handgrip-exercise-induced local ischaemia in the normal limb facilitated collateral recruitment in acutely occluded vessels in patients with coronary artery disease. Ischaemic-handgrip-exercise-induced physical ischaemic training for 3 months facilitated myocardial collateral growth.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hutcheson R, Chaplin J, Hutcheson B, Borthwick F, Proctor S, Gebb S, Jadhav R, Smith E, Russell JC, Rocic P. miR-21 normalizes vascular smooth muscle proliferation and improves coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2014; 28:4088-99. [PMID: 24903275 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate cell proliferation is considered a major causative factor for impaired coronary collateral growth (CCG). Proangiogenic growth factors (GFs) stimulate cell proliferation, but their administration does not promote CCG in patients. These GFs are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome and in animal models, where CCG is impaired. Here, we investigated whether excessive cell proliferation underlies impaired CCG in metabolic syndrome. Normal [Sprague-Dawley (SD)] and metabolic syndrome [James C. Russell (JCR)] rats underwent repetitive ischemia (RI; transient, repetitive coronary artery occlusion and myocardial ischemia). We have shown that CCG was maximal at d 9 of RI in SD rats but did not occur in JCR rats. The increase in cell proliferation (PCNA, Ki-67, cyclin A, phospho- cdc2, p21Waf, p27Kip) was transient (∼4-fold, d 3 RI) in SD rats but greater and sustained in JCR rats (∼8- to 6-fold, d 3-9 RI). In JCR rats, this was associated with increased and sustained miR-21 expression and accumulation of proliferating synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells in the lumen of small arterioles, which failed to undergo outward expansion. Administration of anti-miR-21 blocked RI-induced cell proliferation and significantly improved CCG in JCR rats (∼60%). miR-21-dependent excessive cell proliferation in the later stages of collateral remodeling correlates with impaired CCG in metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Faye Borthwick
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Spencer Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Gebb
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Rashmi Jadhav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Erika Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - James C Russell
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pourrajab F, Babaei Zarch M, Baghi Yazdi M, Rahimi Zarchi A, Vakili Zarch A. Application of stem cell/growth factor system, as a multimodal therapy approach in regenerative medicine to improve cell therapy yields. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:12-9. [PMID: 24612559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells hold a great promise for regenerative medicine, especially for replacing cells in infarcted organ that hardly have any intrinsic renewal capacity, including heart and brain. Signaling pathways that regulate pluripotency or lineage-specific gene and protein expression have been the major focus of stem cell research. Between them, there are some well known signaling pathways such as GF/GFR systems, SDF-1α/CXC4 ligand receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt signaling, and cytokines may regulate cell fate decisions, and can be utilized to positively influence cell therapy outcomes or accentuate synergistic compliance. For example, contributing factors in the progression of heart failure are both the loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction, and the absence of an adequate endogenous repair signaling. Combining cell engraftment with therapeutic signaling factor delivery is more exciting in terms of host progenitor/donor stem cell survival and proliferation. Thus stem cell-based therapy, besides triggering signaling pathways through GF/GFR systems can become a realistic option in regenerative processes for replacing lost cells and reconstituting the damaged organ, as before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourrajab
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | | | - Abolfazl Rahimi Zarchi
- School of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Vakili Zarch
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Niccoli G, Fracassi F, Cosentino N, Falcioni E, Roberto M, De Luca G, Leone AM, Burzotta F, Porto I, Trani C, Severino A, Crea F. No-Reflow Reversibility: A Study Based on Serial Assessment of Multiple Biomarkers. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:798-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Wang X, Yong H, Mi L, Bai Y, Guo L, Gao W, Cui M, Zhang Y. Changes and significance of serum angiopoietin-2 levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Biomarkers 2013. [PMID: 23190218 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.727028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. To investigate angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) profiles, we evaluated serum Ang-2 levels in different types of CHD in 166 subjects. Ang-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with CHD and gradually increased with advance of CHD. Ang-2 was positively correlated with Gensini scores and hs-CRP. Ang-2 might have potential implication in detecting and monitoring the progression of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Formiga FR, Tamayo E, Simón-Yarza T, Pelacho B, Prósper F, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Angiogenic therapy for cardiac repair based on protein delivery systems. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:449-73. [PMID: 21979836 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the first cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries and are a major problem not only in the western nations but also in developing countries. Current standard approaches for treating patients with ischemic heart disease include angioplasty or bypass surgery. However, a large number of patients cannot be treated using these procedures. Novel curative approaches under investigation include gene, cell, and protein therapy. This review focuses on potential growth factors for cardiac repair. The role of these growth factors in the angiogenic process and the therapeutic implications are reviewed. Issues including aspects of growth factor delivery are presented in relation to protein stability, dosage, routes, and safety matters. Finally, different approaches for controlled growth factor delivery are discussed as novel protein delivery platforms for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Formiga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Dong H, Jiang B, Wang Z, Chen R, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Hypoxic response elements and Tet-On advanced double-controlled systems regulate hVEGF 165 and angiopoietin-1 gene expression in vitro. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:204-12. [PMID: 23554691 PMCID: PMC3597057 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in ischemic tissue is a complex and multi-gene event. In the study, we constructed hypoxic response elements (HRE) and the Tet-On advanced double-controlled systems and investigated their effects on the expression of hVEGF165 and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) genes in rat cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia and pharmacologic induction. We infected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with recombinant rAAV-rtTA-Rs-M2/rAAV-TRE-Tight-Ang-1 and rAAV-9HRE- hVEGF165. Our results indicated that the viral titer was 1×1012 vg /mL and the viral purity exceeded 98%. hVEGF165 expression was induced by hypoxia, but not by normoxia (P < 0.001). Ang-1 expression was evident under doxycycline induction, but undetectable without doxycycline induction (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining showed that positively stained hVEGF165 and Ang-1 protein appeared only under both hypoxia and doxycycline induction. We demonstrate here that HRE and the recombinant Tet-On advanced double gene-controlled systems sensitively regulate the expression of hVEGF165 and Ang-1 genes in an altered oxygen environment and under pharmacological induction in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sequential, timely and controlled expression of hVEGF165 and Ang-1 effectively improves functional angiogenesis and cardiac function in vivo. Gene Ther 2013; 20:893-900. [PMID: 23514706 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to control the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the ischemic heart to explore the feasibility of sequential, timely and controlled multigene expression as a means of improving therapeutic angiogenesis in vivo. Adult rabbit myocardial infarction models were surgically established (n=120). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-hypoxic response element (HIF1α-HRE) and Tet (tetracycline)-On advanced gene control systems were reconstructed for controlled expression of the human VEGF165 (hVEGF165) and Ang-1 genes, respectively. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV)-9HRE-hVEGF165 and rAAV-TRE-Tight-Ang-1 were delivered into the ischemic myocardium for 12 weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect gene and protein expression. Vessel functionality, vascular permeability and animal cardiac function were also evaluated. Under the control of the HIF1α-HRE and Tet-On gene control systems, the expression of the exogenous hVEGF165 and Ang-1 genes was consistent in the ischemia control. In the sequential group, we found that the number of functional vessels with a larger diameter and more vascular branches was increased, and vascular permeability was significantly reduced. In addition, animal heart function was significantly improved compared with the non-sequential and hVEGF165- or Ang-1-only groups (P<0.05, P<0.05, respectively). Sequential, timely and controlled expression of the hVEGF165 and Ang-1 genes in vivo is a new therapeutic angiogenesis strategy that can effectively promote functional vessel regeneration and can improve cardiac function in ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Isola V, Pece A, Massironi C, Reposi S, Dimastrogiovanni F. Accelerated ischemic vascular retinopathy after intravitreally injected bevacizumab for central retinal vein occlusion in elderly patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:455-60. [PMID: 23467497 PMCID: PMC3589185 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s30156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic changes in the retinal circulation are an uncommon but severe adverse vascular reaction to intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin®, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA/Roche, Basel, Switzerland) for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). In the two cases reported here, ischemic changes in the retina vasculature following intravitreal bevacizumab for CRVO were observed with the aim of describing the clinical and angiographic features of these changes. Methods: Two elderly patients with recent-onset CRVO received one off-label intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 0.05 mL/1.25 mg. Results: In Case 1, the patient’s pre-treatment visual acuity was 20/400. At 3 weeks post injection, the patient could count fingers at a distance of 1 ft (30 cm) and fluorescein angiography showed reduction in intraretinal hemorrhages and areas of retinal non-perfusion. However, at 6 weeks these were markedly increased compared with those seen in the photograph taken 3 weeks after treatment. In Case 2, the patient’s pre-treatment visual acuity was 20/200. At 1 month post injection, vision had decreased to 20/400 and fluorescein angiography showed severe macular ischemia with a remarkable capillary dropout throughout the macula. Conclusion: Ischemic retinal injury may be an uncommon but severe adverse vascular reaction to intravitreal bevacizumab for CRVO. Although progression of retinal ischemia in CRVO could be observed shortly after intravitreal bevacizumab, whether this is a drug- or procedure-related effect or part of the natural history of the condition remains uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Isola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Melegnano Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Changes of serum angiogenic factors concentrations in patients with diabetes and unstable angina pectoris. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:34. [PMID: 23421785 PMCID: PMC3598554 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Diabetic microvascular changes are considered to be influenced by angiogenic factors. As a compensatory mechanism, the expression of some angiogenic factors are elevated in ischemic myocardium. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of serum angiogenic factors, and the association among these angiogenic factors, the severity of coronary artery stenosis and collateral vessels form in patients with diabetes and unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Methods 42 patients with diabetes (diabetes group), 57 patients with UAP (UAP group), and 36 age-matched healthy people (control group) were selected. Serum concentrations of angiogenic factors were measured using cytokine array technology. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was scored using the angiographic Gensini score. Coronary collateral vessels were scored according to Rentrop's classification. Results No significant differences in the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), angiogenin, angiostatin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were detected between control group and diabetes group. But in patients with diabetes complicated with UAP and in patients with UAP without diabetes, serum concentrations of VEGF and Ang-2 were elevated (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). Only serum Ang-2 concentrations were significantly correlated with Gensini score (r=0.585, p < 0.001), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (r=0.501, p < 0.001), left ventricular end systolic diameter (r=0.563, p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (r=−0.523, p < 0.001). Conclusion Serum concentrations of VEGF and Ang-2 were increased, and diabetes didn’t affect this increases in patients with UAP. Serum Ang-2 concentrations were correlated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Interfering growth of malignant melanoma with Ang2-siRNA. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1463-71. [PMID: 23160899 PMCID: PMC3538013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the intervention therapy effect on the growth of malignant melanoma, we have made an observation of expression levels of Ang2 in malignant melanoma cells, which was transduced by small interfering RNA (Ang2-siRNA) of Ang2 in vitro and in vivo. We successfully constructed Ang2-siRNA lent virus, and constructed nude mice model by transplanting malignant melanoma. Ang2-siRNA lent virus inhibited Ang2 mRNA of malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited malignant melanoma tumor growth at the same time. Ang2-siRNA lent virus can interfere expression levels of Ang2 in malignant melanoma cells, inhibit tumor growth, and silent Ang2 gene expression, which may pave a new way for clinical gene therapy of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim BH, Ko YG, Her AY, Kim JS, Hwang KC, Shin DH, Kim BK, Choi D, Ha JW, Hong MK, Jang Y. Serial plasma levels of angiogenic factors in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Korean Circ J 2012; 42:464-70. [PMID: 22870080 PMCID: PMC3409395 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2012.42.7.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with acute myocardial infarction show varying degrees of collateral development. However, the relationships between angiogenic factors and degree of collaterals are not well known. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients (mean age, 59±10 years) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were divided into one of 2 groups: group I (Rentrop collateral grade 0/1, n=34) or group II (grade 2/3, n=25). Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor (sFlt-1), angiopoietin (Ang)-2, and soluble Tie-2 at baseline, 24 and 48 hours after PCI were measured. RESULTS There were fewer diabetic patients and higher incidence of previous angina and multi-vessel disease in group II. Group II had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and a trend toward longer pain-to-balloon time. Plasma levels of Ang-2, sFlt-1 were elevated prior to primary PCI and decreased after PCI, whereas plasma level of VEGF was relatively low initially, however rose after PCI. sTie-2 levels showed no significant interval change in group I, but decreased over time in group II. VEGF, sFlt-1, and Tie-2 levels did not differ between the groups at each time point. However, plasma levels of Ang-2 were higher in group I than in group II at baseline and at 48 hours. CONCLUSION Presence of collaterals in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI was associated with lesser rise in Ang-2 plasma level. VEGF showed a delayed response to acute ischemia compared to Ang-2. Clinical implications of our findings need to be investigated in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smith AH, Kuliszewski MA, Liao C, Rudenko D, Stewart DJ, Leong-Poi H. Sustained improvement in perfusion and flow reserve after temporally separated delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1320-8. [PMID: 22464261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare temporally separated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)-1 delivery with concomitant delivery or single VEGF delivery, for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic ischemia. BACKGROUND Single gene delivery of VEGF results in immature neovessels that ultimately regress. Endogenously, VEGF acts early to initiate angiogenesis, whereas Ang-1 acts later to induce vessel maturation. Timing VEGF and Ang-1 gene delivery to mimic endogenous angiogenesis might be more effective for sustained neovascularization. METHODS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in 170 rats. Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery was performed with cationic microbubbles and plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Groups included VEGF at 2 weeks, VEGF/Ang-1 at 2 weeks, VEGF at 2 weeks with Ang-1 at 4 weeks, and untreated control subjects. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after ligation, blood flow and flow reserve (FR) were assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Vascular density, organization, and supporting cell coverage were assessed by fluorescent microangiography and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In untreated control subjects, blood flow, FR, and vessel density remained reduced. The VEGF delivery improved flow and vessel density at 4 weeks; however, FR remained low, supporting cell coverage was poor, and flow and vessel density regressed by 8 weeks. The VEGF/Ang-1 co-delivery marginally increased flow and vessel density; however, FR and supporting cell coverage improved. After temporally separated VEGF and Ang-1 delivery, blood flow, vessel density, and FR increased and were sustained, with improved pericyte coverage at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, temporally separated VEGF and Ang-1 gene therapy results in sustained and functional neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre--Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meng H, Guo J, Sun JY, Pei JM, Wang YM, Zhu MZ, Huang C. Angiogenic Effects of the Extracts from Chinese Herbs: Angelica and ChuanXiong. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:541-54. [PMID: 18543387 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angelica and ChuanXiong are used to cure ischemic heart disease in China. Previous studies found that these two herbs could increase myocardial blood flow, oxygen-supply and keep myocardial oxygen balance, etc. However, the mechanisms of angiogenic effects of these two herbs are not well-known. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Angelica and ChuanXiong on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat myocardial infarction, on endothelial cell proliferation and quantity of vessels on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). In this study, rats were divided randomly into either pre-treatment or acute-treatment group and sacrificed at the end of the treatments. VEGF expression using Western blot analysis was significantly increased in the groups pre-treated with ChuanXiong and Angelica when compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). There was significant increase in VEGF expression in the rats treated acutely with Angelica ( p < 0.05). In the contrary, the rats treated with ChuanXiong showed a decrease in VEGF expression when compared to the acute-treatment control group ( p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in immunohistochemistry of VEGF expression in the myocardia. Our study also demonstrated that these two herbs significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation ( p < 0.05) and revascularity in CAM ( p < 0.05). The data showed that Angelica and ChuanXiong could affect VEGF expression in rat myocardial infarction, promote endothelial cell proliferation and stimulate quantity of vessels on CAM model. The results suggest that Angelica and ChuanXiong have angiogenic effects, and may provide some mechanisms for the treatment of myocardial infarction and peripheral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Meng
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian-Ming Pei
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue-Min Wang
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miao-Zhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Circulating neuregulin-1β levels vary according to the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and ischemia. Coron Artery Dis 2012; 22:577-82. [PMID: 22027878 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e32834d3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading killer in the United States. Patients with severe CAD and ischemia have worse prognosis. Therefore expansion of biomarker research, to identify at-risk individuals and explain the complex biology between cardiovascular growth factors and atherosclerosis is needed. Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) is a myocardial stress activated growth and survival factor released from endocardial and endothelial cells. NRG-1β is essential for cardiovascular development and a regulator of angiogenesis. We postulated that plasma and serum levels of NRG-1β would vary in relation to CAD severity and the presence of stress-induced ischemia. METHODS We measured serum and plasma levels of NRG-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 60 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. CAD severity was calculated from angiographic results using a modified Duke jeopardy score. RESULTS Serum NRG-1β (sNRG-1β), plasma NRG-1β (pNRG-1β), serum VEGF, and plasma VEGF were detectable in the majority of patients. The pNRG-1β levels were approximately two-fold higher than sNRG-1β. Both sNRG-1β and pNRG-1β correlated inversely with CAD severity. pNRG-1β levels were statistically higher in patients with stress-induced ischemia denoted by a positive myocardial perfusion imaging study that correlated with angiographic findings (P=0.02). CONCLUSION Both sNRG-1β and pNRG-1β correlated inversely with angiographic severity of CAD. pNRG-1β levels were two-fold higher than serum and were higher in patients with stress-induced ischemia. Therefore we conclude that plasma is the optimal source for the further exploration of the biological significance of NRG-1β as a biomarker of CAD severity and ischemia.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rocic P. Why is coronary collateral growth impaired in type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome? Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:179-86. [PMID: 22342811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are strong predictors of severity of occlusive coronary disease and poorer outcomes of coronary revascularization therapies. Coronary collateral growth can provide an alternative or accessory pathway of revascularization. However, collateral growth is impaired in type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Although many factors necessary for collateral growth are known and many interventions have shown promising results in animal studies, not a single attempt to induce coronary collateral growth in human clinical trials has led to satisfactory results. Accordingly, the first part of this review outlines the known deleterious effects of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome on factors necessary for collateral growth, including pro-angiogenic growth factors, endothelial function, the redox state of the coronary circulation, intracellular signaling, leukocytes and bone marrow-derived progenitors cells. The second section highlights the gaps in our current knowledge of how these factors interact with the radically altered environment of the coronary circulation in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The interplay between these pathologies and inadequately explored areas related to the temporal regulation of collateral remodeling and the roles of the extracellular matrix, vascular cell phenotype and pro-inflammatory cytokines are emphasized with implications to development of efficient therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rocic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Porto I, Dato I, Di Vito L, De Maria GL, Tritarelli A, Leone AM, Paglia A, Capogrossi MC, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Differential levels of circulating progenitor cells in acute coronary syndrome patients with a first event versus patients with recurring events. Int J Cardiol 2011; 149:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Beohar N, Rapp J, Pandya S, Losordo DW. Rebuilding the damaged heart: the potential of cytokines and growth factors in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1287-97. [PMID: 20888519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine therapy promises to provide a noninvasive treatment option for ischemic heart disease. Cytokines are thought to influence angiogenesis directly via effects on endothelial cells or indirectly through progenitor cell-based mechanisms or by activating the expression of other angiogenic agents. Several cytokines mobilize progenitor cells from the bone marrow or are involved in the homing of mobilized cells to ischemic tissue. The recruited cells contribute to myocardial regeneration both as a structural component of the regenerating tissue and by secreting angiogenic or antiapoptotic factors, including cytokines. To date, randomized, controlled clinical trials have not reproduced the efficacy observed in pre-clinical and small-scale clinical investigations. Nevertheless, the list of promising cytokines continues to grow, and combinations of cytokines, with or without concurrent progenitor cell therapy, warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Depressed expression of angiogenic growth factors in the subacute phase of myocardial ischemia: a mechanism behind the remodeling plateau? Coron Artery Dis 2010; 21:65-71. [PMID: 20016374 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e3283349cbb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To investigate whether, in the subacute phase of acute myocardial infarction, in the peri-infarcted area the expressions of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin (Ang) ligand receptors are depressed, and whether overexpression of these angiogens counteracts a downregulation of myocardial function. METHODS Acute myocardial infarction was induced by left anterior descending artery ligation and overexpression through injection of human VEGF-A165 and Ang-1 plasmids. The capillary and arteriolar densities, Akt-1 phosphorylation and citrate synthase activity were measured concurrent with the expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and R2, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2. RESULTS One day after AMI, VEGR-2 was unchanged but all other measured factors in the two families were upregulated. After day 2, the Ang-2 expression increased but other measured factors decreased. After gene transfer, the vascular supply, Akt phosphorylation and citrate synthase activity were higher in the peri-infarcted area, where also the endogenous angiogenic growth factor expressions were increased. CONCLUSION A rapid decrease in angiogenic stimulating factors occurs in the subacute phase of AMI and is related to a progressive decrease in myocardial contraction. A negative consequence of such a circuit is a successive reduction in the vascular supply and contractility in areas with reduced perfusion. These negative adaptations can be counteracted by angiogen overexpression.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bin-Jaliah I, Ammar HI, Mikhailidis DP, Dallak MA, Al-Hashem FH, Haidara MA, Yassin HZ, Bahnasi AA, Rashed LA, Isenovic ER. Cardiac Adaptive Responses After Hypoxia in an Experimental Model. Angiology 2009; 61:145-56. [PMID: 19939823 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709352486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in mediating hypoxic preconditioning under the acute intermittent hypoxic condition (AIH) was investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned and kept in normoxic conditions, (Nx) or in AIH conditions and subjected to brief cycles hypoxia/reoxygenation. Hearts were isolated, perfused, and subjected to in vitro global ischemia followed by reperfusion. During and at the end of reperfusion, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP); LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP); rate pressure product (RPP); peak left ventricular pressure rise (ΔP/Δt max ) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Hearts subjected to AIH displayed a significant higher LVDP (P < .001), RPP (P < .001), and ΔP/Δt max (P < .001). Expression of VEGF and EPO were significantly increased at 3, 8, and 24 hours after AIH. Hypoxic training could provide a new approach to enhance endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, king Khalid University, Abha, SA
| | - Hania I. Ammar
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London
| | - Mohammed A. Dallak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, king Khalid University, Abha, SA
| | - Fahaid H. Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, king Khalid University, Abha, SA
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, king Khalid University, Abha, SA
| | - Hanaa Z. Yassin
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Bahnasi
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, king Khalid University, Abha, SA
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Vinča Institute, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
D'Alessandro DA, Kajstura J, Hosoda T, Gatti A, Bello R, Mosna F, Bardelli S, Zheng H, D'Amario D, Padin-Iruegas ME, Carvalho AB, Rota M, Zembala MO, Stern D, Rimoldi O, Urbanek K, Michler RE, Leri A, Anversa P. Progenitor cells from the explanted heart generate immunocompatible myocardium within the transplanted donor heart. Circ Res 2009; 105:1128-40. [PMID: 19815820 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.207266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic rejection, accelerated coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart failure determine the unfavorable evolution of the transplanted heart in humans. OBJECTIVE Here we tested whether the pathological manifestations of the transplanted heart can be corrected partly by a strategy that implements the use of cardiac progenitor cells from the recipient to repopulate the donor heart with immunocompatible cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS A large number of cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels were created in a rather short period of time from the delivery, engraftment, and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells from the recipient. A proportion of newly formed cardiomyocytes acquired adult characteristics and was integrated structurally and functionally within the transplant. Similarly, the regenerated arteries, arterioles, and capillaries were operative and contributed to the oxygenation of the chimeric myocardium. Attenuation in the extent of acute damage by repopulating cardiomyocytes and vessels decreased significantly the magnitude of myocardial scarring preserving partly the integrity of the donor heart. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that tissue regeneration by differentiation of recipient cardiac progenitor cells restored a significant portion of the rejected donor myocardium. Ultimately, immunosuppressive therapy may be only partially required improving quality of life and lifespan of patients with cardiac transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A D'Alessandro
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yun J, Rocic P, Pung YF, Belmadani S, Carrao ACR, Ohanyan V, Chilian WM. Redox-dependent mechanisms in coronary collateral growth: the "redox window" hypothesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1961-74. [PMID: 19416057 PMCID: PMC2848513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the complexity of coronary collateral growth from the aspect of redox signaling and introduces the concept of a "redox window" in the context of collateral growth. In essence, the redox window constitutes a range in the redox state of cells, which not only is permissive for the actions of growth factors but also amplifies their actions. The interactions of redox-dependent signaling with growth factors are well established through the actions of many redox-dependent kinases (e.g., Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase). The initial changes in cellular redox can be induced by a variety of events, from the oxidative burst during reperfusion after ischemia, to recruitment of various types of inflammatory cells capable of producing reactive oxygen species. Any event that "upsets" the normal redox equilibrium is capable of amplifying growth. However, extremes of the redox window, oxidative and reductive stresses, are associated with diminished growth-factor signaling and reduced activation of redox-dependent kinases. This concept of a redox window helps to explain why the clinical trials aimed at stimulating coronary collateral growth, the "therapeutic angiogenesis trials," failed. However, understanding of redox signaling in the context of coronary collateral growth could provide new paradigms for stimulating collateral growth in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June Yun
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Van Orman JR, Weihrauch D, Warltier DC, Lough J. Myocardial interstitial fluid inhibits proliferation and cardiomyocyte differentiation in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1369-76. [PMID: 19633209 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00172.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that the transplantation of pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can improve or restore the function of infarcted myocardium. Although the extent of remuscularization and its contribution to the restoration of function are unclear, these outcomes are likely strongly influenced by factors in the infarcted and/or ischemic environment. As an initial step toward understanding how the ischemic environment of host myocardium affects transplanted pluripotent cells, we have taken a reductionist approach wherein mESCs are cultured in medium containing ischemic myocardial interstitial fluid (iMIF). iMIF is generated in canine myocardium during eight hourly episodes of transient ischemia and collected on a daily basis, over a 24-day collection period. iMIF strongly reduced the numbers of pluripotent mESCs after 11 days in culture. This inhibitory effect, which was most pronounced for iMIF pools from early time points of the 24-day collection period, resulted from an inhibition of cell proliferation. iMIF also inhibited the differentiation of pluripotent mESCs into cardiomyocytes. By contrast, the expression of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell markers was relatively unaffected, consistent with previous findings that iMIF promotes angiogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that whereas the ischemic/infarcted environment is favorable to stem cell-mediated angiogenesis, it is hostile to cardiac myogenesis. These findings also imply that observations of mESC-mediated improvement of cardiac function after transplantation of pluripotent cells do not reflect remuscularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Van Orman
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tajima H, Iwai-Takano M, Yaoita H, Ogawa K, Yamaki T, Takeishi Y, Maruyama Y. Mast cells contribute to flow restoration by bone marrow cell transplantation in rats with ischemic limbs. Int Heart J 2009; 50:247-57. [PMID: 19367034 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.50.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether mast cells are involved in the recovery of diminished cutaneous blood flow (CBF) by bone marrow cell transplantation (BMCT) in limb arterial occlusion. In a hindlimb ischemia model, CBF was measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging in White spot (Ws) rats which genetically lack mast cells, and their wild-type with or without BMCT. After 14 days, tissue mast cell density was assessed by toluidine blue staining. To evaluate angiogenesis, we also determined CD 31-positive capillary density in the ischemic limbs.CBF in ischemic limbs decreased to 36 +/- 2% of nonischemic limbs, but 7 to 14 days later it naturally recovered to 65 +/- 2% and reached a plateau in both types of rats. BMCT further (P < 0.05) increased CBF with increases in tissue mast cell and capillary densities in wild-type rats, but not in Ws rats. Treatment with sodium cromoglycate, an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation, diminished the increases in mast cell and capillary densities, and CBF by BMCT in ischemic limbs of wild-type rats. Mast cells may not be involved in ischemia-induced natural angiogenesis and a partial recovery of CBF, however, they appear to be involved in the therapeutic angiogenesis by BMCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tajima
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang J, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Tomihara K, Tanaka T, Chen J, Hamada H. Sendai viral vector mediated angiopoietin-1 gene transfer for experimental ischemic limb disease. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:243-9. [PMID: 19322669 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sendai virus vector is emerging as a promising vector for gene therapy, and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has been reported to improve the blood flow recovery in the ischemic limb or heart. In this study, we constructed a human Ang-1-expressing Sendai viral vector (SeVhAng-1) and injected it into the ischemic limb of rats. We found that SeVhAng-1 improved the blood flow recovery and increased the capillary density of the ischemic limb, compared with the controls. We also found that SeVhAng-1 increased p-Akt during the early period of limb ischemia, and decreased apoptosis in ischemic limb. It suggests that SeVhAng-1 may serve as a potential therapeutic tool in ischemic limb disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vöö S, Dunaeva M, Eggermann J, Stadler N, Waltenberger J. Diabetes mellitus impairs CD133+ progenitor cell function after myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 2009; 265:238-49. [PMID: 19019194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating progenitor cells (PC) can positively influence the healing of ischaemic myocardium. Cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes mellitus (DM) may have a negative influence on both number and recruitment of PC. Recent evidence suggests that less differentiated CD133(+)PC contribute to myocardial healing and are promising candidates for therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether DM affects CD133(+)PC. METHODS CD133(+)PC were analyzed in patients following acute myocardial infarction and successful reperfusion [acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=45) with/without non-insulin-requiring type 2 DM (T2DM)]. Stable coronary artery disease patients (CAD, n = 45) served as stable controls. Number and phenotype of CD133(+)PC were assessed by flow cytometry. CD133(+)PC chemotaxis was assessed towards vascular endothelial growth factor, an angiogenic stimulus upregulated in AMI. The expression of anti-oxidant enzymes in CD133(+)PC was detected by reverse-transcriptase PCR. RESULTS In non-DM patients, the number of CD133(+)PC increased on day 3 following AMI (P=0.0001). In contrast, no changes were observed in AMI patients with T2DM. Regarding the function of CD133(+)PC, an enhanced chemotactic response was observed following AMI in both non-DM (P=0.0001) and T2DM (P=0.007). However, the AMI-related functional activation was significantly weaker in diabetic patients (P=0.001). Moreover, the expression of catalase was lower in CD133(+)PC from T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that T2DM not only limits the abundance of CD133(+)PC following AMI, but also limits their activation. This might be explained by a lower resistance of CD133(+)PC to oxidative stress. Our data provide a possible explanation for the delayed postischaemic vascular healing and myocardial recovery in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vöö
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Effect of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells from rats of different ages on the improvement of heart function after acute myocardial infarction. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200811020-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
49
|
Gotsch F, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Dombrowski M, Erez O, Than NG, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Espinoza J, Hassan SS. Preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age are associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis: soluble Tie-2. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:389-402. [PMID: 18570117 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802046069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An anti-angiogenic state has been described in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses and fetal death, and changes in the concentration of circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors can precede the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and SGA by several weeks. Gene deletion studies demonstrate that a selective group of endothelial growth factors are required for vascular development, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, as well as angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), both ligands for the tyrosine kinase endothelial cell receptor Tie-2. These angiogenic factors have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in a coordinated and complementary fashion. Soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2) is the soluble form of the Tie-2 receptor, which is detectable in biological fluids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with preeclampsia and mothers who deliver a SGA neonate have changes in the plasma concentrations of sTie-2. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included patients in the following groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 40), (2) women with normal pregnancies (n = 135), (3) patients with preeclampsia (n = 112), and (4) patients who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 53). Maternal plasma concentrations of sTie-2 were measured by a sensitive immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) The median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 was lower in normal pregnant women than in non-pregnant women [median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6) vs. median 20.7 ng/mL (range 10.8-52.4), respectively; p = 0.01)). (2) Plasma sTie-2 concentrations in normal pregnancy changed significantly as a function of gestational age. (3) Patients with preeclampsia and those who delivered SGA neonates had a lower median maternal plasma concentration of sTie-2 than those with a normal pregnancy [preeclampsia: median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3); SGA: median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1); normal pregnancy: median 16.0 ng/mL (range 5.0-71.6); p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively]. (4) Patients with SGA neonates had a lower median plasma concentration of sTie-2 than that of those with preeclampsia [median 10.9 ng/mL (range 5.1-29.1) vs. median 14.9 ng/mL (range 4.9-67.3), respectively; p < 0.001]. (5) Patients with early-onset preeclampsia (<or=34 weeks) had lower concentrations of sTie-2 than women with late-onset preeclampsia (>34 weeks) median of delta values: -0.13 ng/mL (range -0.47-0.58) vs. median of delta values: -0.09 ng/mL (range: -0.60-0.58), respectively; p = 0.043]. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the maternal plasma sTie-2 concentration between women with severe and mild preeclampsia (p = 0.6). CONCLUSION Patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA fetuses have lower median plasma concentrations of soluble Tie-2 than women with normal pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Effect and mechanism of intermittent myocardial ischemia induced by exercise on coronary collateral formation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 87:803-14. [PMID: 18688201 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e31817faed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To hypothesize that appropriate intermittent myocardial ischemia induced by exercise could safely promote coronary collateral formation in the ischemic area through the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1). DESIGN A balloon constrictor was surgically implanted in the first obtuse marginal coronary artery (OM1) of Guangxi BA-MA miniature pigs. The subjects were divided into three groups: sham-operated (SO), pure ischemia (PI), and exercise training (ET). Subjects in the ET group performed individualized treadmill programs with two episodes of exercise-induced ischemia for 8 wks; two preexercise episodes of pure ischemia induced by brief OM1 occlusion were also conducted. Only pure ischemia was induced in the PI group, and the SO group remained sedentary for the experimental period. VEGF and Flk-1 expression levels were measured by Western blot and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses; capillary density by immunohistochemistry; relative myocardial blood flow by microspheres; and cardiac troponin I by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The relative myocardial blood flow, VEGF, Flk-1, and capillary density in the ET group were statistically higher than those in the PI and SO groups. All parameters in the PI group were statistically higher than those in the SO group. There was no myocardial damage in the ET or PI groups by cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent myocardial ischemia induced by exercise with optimal stimulation safely promotes coronary collateral formation through increased VEGF and Flk-1 expression in a porcine model.
Collapse
|