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Simonides W, Tijsma A, Boelen A, Jongejan R, de Rijke Y, Peeters R, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Muller A. Divergent Thyroid Hormone Levels in Plasma and Left Ventricle of the Heart in Compensated and Decompensated Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Chronic Adrenergic Stimulation in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020308. [PMID: 36837927 PMCID: PMC9960204 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hemodynamic overload of the heart induces ventricular hypertrophy that may be either compensatory or progress to decompensation and heart failure. The gradual impairment of ventricular function is, at least in part, the result of a reduction of cardiac thyroid-hormone (TH) action. Here, we examined the proposed roles of increased cardiac expression of the TH-inactivating enzyme deiodinase type 3 (D3) and reduced plasma TH levels in diminishing cardiac TH levels. Using minipumps, mice were infused for one and two weeks with isoproterenol (ISO) alone or in combination with phenylephrine (PE). Remodeling of the heart induced by these adrenergic agonists was assessed by echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) tissue and plasma TH levels (T4 and T3) were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LV D3 activity was determined by conversion of radiolabeled substrate and quantification following HPLC. The results show that ISO induced compensated LV hypertrophy with maintained cardiac output. Plasma levels of T4 and T3 remained normal, but LV hormone levels were reduced by approximately 30% after two weeks, while LV D3 activity was not significantly increased. ISO + PE induced decompensated LV hypertrophy with diminished cardiac output. Plasma levels of T4 and T3 were substantially reduced after one and two weeks, together with a more than 50% reduction of hormone levels in the LV. D3 activity was increased after one week and returned to control levels after two weeks. These data show for the first time that relative to controls, decompensated LV hypertrophy with diminished cardiac output is associated with a greater reduction of cardiac TH levels than compensated hypertrophy with maintained cardiac output. LV D3 activity is unlikely to account for these reductions after two weeks in either condition. Whereas the mechanism of the mild reduction in compensated hypertrophy is unclear, changes in systemic TH homeostasis appear to determine the marked drop in LV TH levels and associated impairment of ventricular function in decompensated hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alice Tijsma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutchanna Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Muller
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (A.M.)
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T3 Critically Affects the Mhrt/Brg1 Axis to Regulate the Cardiac MHC Switch: Role of an Epigenetic Cross-Talk. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102155. [PMID: 32987653 PMCID: PMC7598656 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The LncRNA my-heart (Mhrt) and the chromatin remodeler Brg1 inhibit each other to respectively prevent or favor the maladaptive α-myosin-heavy-chain (Myh6) to β-myosin-heavy-chain (Myh7) switch, so their balance crucially guides the outcome of cardiac remodeling under stress conditions. Even though triiodothyronine (T3) has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the cardiac Myh isoform composition, its role as a modulator of the Mhrt/Brg1 axis is still unexplored. Here the effect of T3 on the Mhrt/Brg1 regulatory circuit has been analyzed in relation with chromatin remodeling and previously identified T3-dependent miRNAs. The expression levels of Mhrt, Brg1 and Myh6/Myh7 have been assessed in rat models of hyperthyroidism or acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) treated with T3 replacement therapy. To gain mechanistic insights, in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis have been adopted in combination with gene reporter assays and loss or gain of function strategies in cultured cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate a pivotal role of Mhrt over-expression in the T3-dependent regulation of Myh switch. Mechanistically, T3 activates the Mhrt promoter at two putative thyroid hormone responsive elements (TRE) located in a crucial region that is necessary for both Mhrt activation and Brg1-dependent Mhrt repression. This newly identified T3 mode of action requires DNA chromatinization and is critically involved in mitigating the repressive function of the Brg1 protein on Mhrt promoter. In addition, T3 is also able to prevent the Brg1 over-expression observed in the post-IR setting through a pathway that might entail the T3-mediated up-regulation of miR-208a. Taken together, our data evidence a novel T3-responsive network of cross-talking epigenetic factors that dictates the cardiac Myh composition and could be of great translational relevance.
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Borisov DV, Gubaeva DN, Praskurnichiy EA. [Use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: literature review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:6-14. [PMID: 33351333 DOI: 10.14341/probl12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death all over the world. Thyroid hormones play a significant role in the regulation of cardiac function. According to a number of researches, patients with cardiovascular diseases usually have a decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood serum, which may be associated with a poor prognosis. Today it still remains unclear whether the change in the bioavailability of thyroid hormones in the myocardium is a favorable physiological mechanism or a replication of an adaptation disorder. Experimental researches suggest that thyroid hormone therapy may be applied in clinical cardiology. This review describes the results of researches examining the use of thyroid hormones in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as experiment data on animal models. The available data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure allow us to suggest that normalization of thyroid hormone levels is a safe and potentially effective treatment method in the group of patients with cardiovascular disease. At the same time, the data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients who have undergone an open-heart surgery or heart transplantation are limited. However, at present, it is difficult to draw unambiguous conclusions about the benefits, as well as about the possible risk of using thyroid hormones in the described conditions. Large-scale clinical researches are required to confirm the safety and evaluate the effectiveness of such therapy. Moreover, it is necessary to set parameters for evaluating the safety and effectiveness and understand which hormone (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), what dosage and at what stage of the disease should be applied. Until we do not have answers for these questions, thyroid hormone therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases should remain within the research field.
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Lado-Abeal J. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome, the hidden player in the septic shock induced myocardial contractile depression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109775. [PMID: 32344285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock causes high mortality in hospitalized patients, especially in those that develop myocardial dysfunction as an early complication. The myocardial dysfunction of septic shock is characterized by a decrease in ventricular relaxation (diastolic dysfunction) and reduced ventricular ejection fraction (systolic dysfunction). Most patients with septic shock have low serum thyroid hormone levels, a condition known as non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Thyroid hormones sustain myocardial contractility and energy metabolism. Septic shock non-thyroidal illness syndrome causes myocardial hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism causes myocardial dysfunction that resembles the myocardial depression of septic shock. We hypothesize that the myocardial hypothyroidism that occurs during septic shock has a causal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock-induced myocardial dysfunction. Thyroid hormones regulate the calcium cycle, the phenotype of contractile proteins, adrenergic response, and fatty acid transport and oxidation in the cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the administration of levothyroxine and liothyronine to normalize thyroid hormones level within the myocardium will improve the myocardial function. The hypothesis will be tested in humans with septic shock by performing a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare the effect of thyroid hormone administration with placebo on myocardial function. The proposed hypothesis challenges the idea that non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a beneficial response of the thyroid hormone axis to illness and that thyroid hormone replacement is detrimental. The administration of thyroid hormone in order to prevent and reverse myocardial hypothyroidism during septic shock is a new theoretical concept on thyroid hormone metabolism and action at the tissue level during non-thyroidal illness syndrome. If the hypothesis is correct, clinicians should consider cardiac hypothyroidism as a central player in myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis. Thyroid hormone replacement should be incorporated into the armamentarium of septic shock treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Lado-Abeal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Truman Medical Centers and University of Missouri Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Francois J, Al-Sadawi M, Casillas J, Botti E, Soni L, Ponse D, Decamps SM, McFarlane SI. Hypothyroidism and Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathogenetic Mechanisms & Therapeutic Rationale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RESEARCH & TRIALS 2020; 5:146. [PMID: 32617437 PMCID: PMC7331968 DOI: 10.15344/2456-8007/2020/146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is a major public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thyroid hormones (TH) have multiple effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. In recent years, studies have shown that hypothyroidism, including subclinical hypothyroidism, is associated with an increased risk for developing and worsening of HF. This review addresses the relationship between HF and hypothyroidism by highlighting the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samy I. McFarlane
- Corresponding Author: Prof. Samy I. McFarlane, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Residency Program Director, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 50, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Tel 718-270-6707, Fax 718-270-4488;
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Abstract
The cardiovascular system is one of the main targets of thyroid hormone action, and triiodothyronine deficiency has crucial consequences on cardiac structure and function. Patients with overt or subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine to improve their cardiovascular function and the potential risk of heart failure. Even patients with thyroid hormone deficiency and heart failure should receive replacement doses of levothyroxine to improve their prognosis and worsening of the cardiovascular function. An innovative therapeutic multifactorial approach could improve the progression of heart failure. There is a potential beneficial effect of thyroid hormones and their analogs in patients with heart failure.
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Kuwata S, Takanashi M, Hashimoto M, Iwamoto Y, Ishido H, Masutani S, Saiki H, Sugamoto K, Senzaki H. Thyroid Function in Patients With a Fontan Circulation. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:979-983. [PMID: 30617007 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested our hypothesis that thyroid function is impaired and contributes to perturbed hemodynamics in patients after Fontan operation. Cardiac catheterization and blood tests for thyroid function were performed in 37 patients who underwent a Fontan operation. Among them, 12 patients (33%) had subclinical thyroid dysfunction with an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone level despite normal thyroxine levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly correlated with central venous pressure (p <0.01, R2 = 0.3), and patients with subclinical hypothyroidism showed significantly elevated γ-glutamyltransferase level, an indicator of liver congestion, compared with the other patients (125.6 ± 12.2 vs 67.6 ± 4.6 IU/L, p <0.01). In addition, the levels of free triiodothyronine, an effective thyroid hormone, were significantly lower in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in those with normal thyroid function (3.1 ± 0.1 vs 3.5 ± 0.1 pg/dl, p <0.01). The free triiodothyronine level was significantly and negatively correlated with the relaxation time constant (p = 0.03) and brain natriuretic hormone (p <0.01) level and positively correlated with the cardiac index (p = 0.04). In conclusion, venous congestion in Fontan patients may cause thyroid dysfunction, which can be responsible for decreased ventricular function and cardiac output in Fontan patients. Thus, thyroid function should be routinely monitored after Fontan surgery.
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Forini F, Nicolini G, Pitto L, Iervasi G. Novel Insight Into the Epigenetic and Post-transcriptional Control of Cardiac Gene Expression by Thyroid Hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31555215 PMCID: PMC6727178 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is critically involved in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Even mild reductions of myocardial TH levels, as occur in hypothyroidism or low T3 state conditions, are thought to play a role in the progression of cardiac disorders. Due to recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying TH action, it is now accepted that TH-dependent modulation of gene expression is achieved at multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and involves the cooperation of many processes. Among them, the epigenetic remodeling of chromatin structure and the interplay with non-coding RNA have emerged as novel TH-dependent pathways that add further degrees of complexity and broaden the network of genes controlled by TH signaling. Increasing experimental and clinical findings indicate that aberrant function of these regulatory mechanisms promotes the evolution of cardiac disorders such as post-ischemic injury, pathological hypertrophy, and heart failure, which may be reversed by the correction of the underlying TH dyshomeostasis. To encourage the clinical implementation of a TH replacement strategy in cardiac disease, here we discuss the crucial effect of epigenetic modifications and control of non-coding RNA in TH-dependent regulation of biological processes relevant for cardiac disease evolution.
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Abstract
The evolution of cardiac disease after an acute ischemic event depends on a complex and dynamic network of mechanisms alternating from ischemic damage due to acute coronary occlusion to reperfusion injury due to the adverse effects of coronary revascularization till post-ischemic remodeling. Cardioprotection is a new purpose of the therapeutic interventions in cardiology with the goal to reduce infarct size and thus prevent the progression toward heart failure after an acute ischemic event. In a complex biological system such as the human one, an effective cardioprotective strategy should diachronically target the network of cross-talking pathways underlying the disease progression. Thyroid system is strictly interconnected with heart homeostasis, and recent studies highlighted its role in cardioprotection, in particular through the preservation of mitochondrial function and morphology, the antifibrotic and proangiogenetic effect and also to the potential induction of cell regeneration and growth. The objective of this review was to highlight the cardioprotective role of triiodothyronine in the complexity of post-ischemic disease evolution.
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Janssen R, Muller A, Simonides WS. Cardiac Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Heart Failure. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:130-137. [PMID: 28785539 PMCID: PMC5527173 DOI: 10.1159/000469708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a principal target of thyroid hormone, and a reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling is thought to play a role in pathological ventricular remodeling and the development of heart failure. Studies in various rodent models of heart disease have identified increased activity of cardiac type III deiodinase as a possible cause of diminished levels and action of thyroid hormone. Recent data indicate novel mechanisms underlying the induction of this thyroid hormone-degrading enzyme in the heart as well as post-transcriptional regulation of its expression by microRNAs. In addition, the relevance of diminished thyroid hormone signaling for cardiac remodeling is suggested to include miRNA-mediated effects on pathological signaling pathways. These and other recent studies are reviewed and discussed in the context of other processes and factors that have been implicated in the reduction of cardiac thyroid hormone signaling in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warner S. Simonides
- *Warner S. Simonides, PhD, Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, NL–1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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Rajagopalan V, Zhang Y, Pol C, Costello C, Seitter S, Lehto A, Savinova OV, Chen YF, Gerdes AM. Modified Low-Dose Triiodo-L-thyronine Therapy Safely Improves Function Following Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2017; 8:225. [PMID: 28446882 PMCID: PMC5388763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We have shown that thyroid hormones (THs) are cardioprotective and can be potentially used as safe therapeutic agents for diabetic cardiomyopathy and permanent infarction. However, no reliable, clinically translatable protocol exists for TH treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We hypothesized that modified low-dose triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) therapy would confer safe therapeutic benefits against IR injury. Methods: Adult female rats underwent left coronary artery ligation for 60 min or sham surgeries. At 2 months following surgery and T3 treatment (described below), the rats were subjected to functional, morphological, and molecular examination. Results: Following surgery, the rats were treated with T3 (8 μg/kg/day) or vehicle in drinking water ad libitum following IR for 2 months. Oral T3 significantly improved left ventricular (LV) contractility, relaxation, and relaxation time constant, and decreased beta-myosin heavy chain gene expression. As it takes rats ~6 h post-surgery to begin drinking water, we then investigated whether modified T3 dosing initiated immediately upon reperfusion confers additional improvement. We injected an intraperitoneal bolus of T3 (12 μg/kg) upon reperfusion, along with low-dose oral T3 (4.5 μg/kg/day) in drinking water for 2 months. Continuous T3 therapy (bolus + low-dose oral) enhanced LV contractility compared with oral T3 alone. Relaxation parameters were also improved compared to vehicle. Importantly, these were accomplished without significant increases in hypertrophy, serum free T3 levels, or blood pressure. Conclusions: This is the first study to provide a safe cardiac therapeutic window and optimized, clinically translatable treatment-monitoring protocol for myocardial IR using commercially available and inexpensive T3. Low-dose oral T3 therapy supplemented with bolus treatment initiated upon reperfusion is safer and more efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineJonesboro, AR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Christine Pol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Clifford Costello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Seitter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Ann Lehto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Olga V Savinova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Yue-Feng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic MedicineOld Westbury, NY, USA
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Diniz GP, Lino CA, Moreno CR, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. MicroRNA-1 overexpression blunts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy elicited by thyroid hormone. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3360-3368. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Placoná Diniz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Caroline Antunes Lino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Moreno
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Morais Barreto-Chaves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Vargas-Uricoechea H, Bonelo-Perdomo A. Thyroid Dysfunction and Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Associations. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:48-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dysthyroidism and Chronic Heart Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1067:239-253. [PMID: 29235066 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF), dysthyroidism represents a relevant problem especially in the ageing CHF patients worldwide. Thyroid greatly affects many cardiovascular activities and its dysfunction may worsen a CHF condition. In particular, hypothyroidism has a relative high prevalence in patients with heart failure and it plays a key role in influencing CHF onset, progression and prognosis. Hyperthyroidism, is less frequent in this clinical context but it necessitates of immediate treatment because of its negative effects on cardiovascular balance. Also, it must be considered that dysthyroism may also be iatrogenic and the main responsible drug is Amiodarone.Based on the best available evidence and our cumulative clinical experience, this manuscript analyzes the prevalence, the pathophysiology and the prognostic impact of thyroid disorders in chronic heart failure.
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Sabatino L, Kusmic C, Nicolini G, Amato R, Casini G, Iervasi G, Balzan S. T3 enhances Ang2 in rat aorta in myocardial I/R: comparison with left ventricle. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:139-49. [PMID: 27444191 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for recovery after tissue damage in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, and tri-iodothyronine (T3) has documented effects on angiogenesis. The angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor represent an essential system in angiogenesis controlling endothelial cell survival and vascular maturation. Recently, in a 3-day ischemia/reperfusion rat model, the infusion of a low dose of T3 improved the post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function.Adopting this model, our study aimed to investigate the effects of T3 on the capillary index and the expression of angiogenic genes as the angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor system, in the thoracic aorta and in the left ventricle. In the thoracic aorta, T3 infusion significantly improved the angiogenic sprouting and angiopoietin 2 expression. Instead, Sham-T3 group did not show any significant increment of capillary density and angiopoietin 2 expression. In the area at risk (AAR) of the left ventricle, T3 infusion did not increase capillary density but restored levels of angiopoietin 1, which were reduced in I/R group. Angiopoietin 2 levels were similar to Sham group and unchanged by T3 administration. In the remote zone, T3 induced a significant increment of both angiopoietin 1/2. In conclusion, T3 infusion induced a different response of angiopoietin 1/2 between the ventricle (the AAR and the remote zone) and the thoracic aorta, probably reflecting the different action of angiopoietin 1/2 in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Overall, these data suggest a new aspect of T3-mediated cardioprotection through angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosario Amato
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Langén VL, Niiranen TJ, Puukka P, Sundvall J, Jula AM. Association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and blood pressure in adults: an 11-year longitudinal study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:741-7. [PMID: 26261034 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of longitudinal studies on the association between thyroid function and blood pressure (BP) are divided. This study aimed to investigate this association in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings in a nationwide, random sample representative of the Finnish adult population aged 30 and over. METHODS The study sample was randomly drawn from the population register. A total of 5655 participants were included in the baseline analyses and 3453 in the 11-year prospective analyses. The associations between baseline TSH and (i) BP and BP change over time; and (ii) prevalent and incident hypertension were assessed using linear and logistic models, adjusted for age, gender, smoking and body mass index. RESULTS A positive association (β ± standard error) was observed between TSH and diastolic (0·36 ± 0·12, P = 0·003) but not systolic BP (0·16 ± 0·21, P = 0·45) at baseline. TSH was negatively associated with 11-year BP change in men (systolic: -0·92 ± 0·41, P = 0·03; diastolic: -0·66 ± 0·26, P = 0·01) but not in women (P ≥ 0·09 for systolic and diastolic BP change). Participants in the highest TSH tertile within the TSH reference interval (0·4-3·4 mU/L), as compared with the lowest, had increased odds of prevalent (odds ratio 1·22, 95% confidence interval 1·05-1·43, P = 0·01) but not incident hypertension (odds ratio 0·93, 95% confidence interval 0·73-1·19, P = 0·58). CONCLUSIONS A modest association was found between increasing TSH and prevalent but not incident hypertension. TSH was inversely associated with BP change in men in our study. These findings contest an independent role of thyroid function at normal to near-normal levels in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville L Langén
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Puukka
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti M Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Wadosky KM, Berthiaume JM, Tang W, Zungu M, Portman MA, Gerdes AM, Willis MS. MuRF1 mono-ubiquitinates TRα to inhibit T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:273-90. [PMID: 26862156 PMCID: PMC5453669 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is recognized for its role in cellular metabolism and growth and participates in homeostasis of the heart. T3 activates pro-survival pathways including Akt and mTOR. Treatment with T3 after myocardial infarction is cardioprotective and promotes elements of physiological hypertrophic response after cardiac injury. Although T3 is known to benefit the heart, very little about its regulation at the molecular level has been described to date. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates nuclear hormone receptors such as estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors by both degradatory and non-degradatory mechanisms. However, how the UPS regulates T3-mediated activity is not well understood. In this study, we aim to determine the role of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) in regulating T3-induced cardiomyocyte growth. An increase in MuRF1 expression inhibits T3-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas a decrease in MuRF1 expression enhances T3's activity both in vitro and in cardiomyocytes in vivo MuRF1 interacts directly with TRα to inhibit its activity by posttranslational ubiquitination in a non-canonical manner. We then demonstrated that a nuclear localization apparatus that regulates/inhibits nuclear receptors by sequestering them within a subcompartment of the nucleus was necessary for MuRF1 to inhibit T3 activity. This work implicates a novel mechanism that enhances the beneficial T3 activity specifically within the heart, thereby offering a potential target to enhance cardiac T3 activity in an organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wadosky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Makhosi Zungu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Portman
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- New York Institute of TechnologyCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Rajagopalan V, Zhang Y, Ojamaa K, Chen YF, Pingitore A, Pol CJ, Saunders D, Balasubramanian K, Towner RA, Gerdes AM. Safe Oral Triiodo-L-Thyronine Therapy Protects from Post-Infarct Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmias without Cardiovascular Adverse Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151413. [PMID: 26981865 PMCID: PMC4794221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large body of evidence suggests that thyroid hormones (THs) are beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We have shown that 3 days of triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) treatment in myocardial infarction (MI) rats increased left ventricular (LV) contractility and decreased myocyte apoptosis. However, no clinically translatable protocol is established for T3 treatment of ischemic heart disease. We hypothesized that low-dose oral T3 will offer safe therapeutic benefits in MI. Methods and Results Adult female rats underwent left coronary artery ligation or sham surgeries. T3 (~6 μg/kg/day) was available in drinking water ad libitum immediately following MI and continuing for 2 month(s) (mo). Compared to vehicle-treated MI, the oral T3-treated MI group at 2 mo had markedly improved anesthetized Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based LV ejection fraction and volumes without significant negative changes in heart rate, serum TH levels or heart weight, indicating safe therapy. Remarkably, T3 decreased the incidence of inducible atrial tachyarrhythmias by 88% and improved remodeling. These were accompanied by restoration of gene expression involving several key pathways including thyroid, ion channels, fibrosis, sympathetic, mitochondria and autophagy. Conclusions Low-dose oral T3 dramatically improved post-MI cardiac performance, decreased atrial arrhythmias and cardiac remodeling, and reversed many adverse changes in gene expression with no observable negative effects. This study also provides a safe and effective treatment/monitoring protocol that should readily translate to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMG); (VR)
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yue-feng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Christine J. Pol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
| | - Debra Saunders
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | | | - Rheal A. Towner
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - A. Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMG); (VR)
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21
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Abstract
In this review, we discuss the characteristics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications of the euthyroid sick syndrome. Multiple mechanisms have been identified to contribute to the development of euthyroid sick syndrome, including alterations in the iodothyronine deiodinases, thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, thyroid hormone binding to plasma protein, transport of thyroid hormone in peripheral tissues, and thyroid hormone receptor activity. The euthyroid sick syndrome appears to be a complex mix of physiologic adaptation and pathologic response to acute illness. The underlying cause for these alterations has not yet been elucidated. Treatment of the euthyroid sick syndrome with thyroid hormone to restore normal serum thyroid hormone levels in an effort to improve disease prognosis and outcomes continues to be a focus of many clinical studies, although currently available data do not provide evidence of a clear benefit of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan P Farwell
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Pingitore A, Iervasi G, Forini F. Role of the Thyroid System in the Dynamic Complex Network of Cardioprotection. Eur Cardiol 2016; 11:36-42. [PMID: 30310446 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2016:9:2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection is a common goal of new therapeutic strategies in patients with coronary artery disease and/or left ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial damage following ischaemia/reperfusion injury lead to left ventricular adverse remodelling through many mechanisms arising from different cell types in different myocardial districts, namely the border and remote zone. Cardioprotection must face this complex, dynamic network of cooperating units. In this scenario, thyroid hormones can represent an effective therapeutic strategy due to the numerous actions and regulating mechanisms carried out at the level of the myocytes, interstitium and the vasculature, as well as to the activation of different pro-survival intracellular pathways involved in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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23
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Abstract
Cardiac remodeling includes alterations in molecular, cellular, and interstitial systems contributing to changes in size, shape, and function of the heart. This may be the result of injury, alterations in hemodynamic load, neurohormonal effects, electrical abnormalities, metabolic changes, etc. Thyroid hormones (THs) serve as master regulators for diverse remodeling processes of the cardiovascular system-from the prenatal period to death. THs promote a beneficial cardiomyocyte shape and improve contractility, relaxation, and survival via reversal of molecular remodeling. THs reduce fibrosis by decreasing interstitial collagen and reduce the incidence and duration of arrhythmias via remodeling ion channel expression and function. THs restore metabolic function and also improve blood flow both by direct effects on the vessel architecture and decreasing atherosclerosis. Optimal levels of THs both in the circulation and in cardiac tissues are critical for normal homeostasis. This review highlights TH-based remodeling and clinically translatable strategies for diverse cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Blvd, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA,
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24
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Weltman NY, Pol CJ, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Koder A, Raza S, Zucchi R, Saba A, Colligiani D, Gerdes AM. Long-term physiological T3 supplementation in hypertensive heart disease in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1059-65. [PMID: 26254335 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that hypertension leads to cardiac tissue hypothyroidism, a condition that can by itself lead to heart failure. We have previously shown that short-term thyroid hormone treatment in Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) rats near heart failure is beneficial. This study tested the hypothesis that therapeutic, long-term T3 treatment in SHHF rats can prevent or attenuate cardiac dysfunction. Female SHHF rats were treated orally with a physiological T3 dose (0.04 μg/ml) from 12 to 24 mo of age. Age-matched female SHHF and Wistar-Kyoto rats served as hypertensive and normotensive controls, respectively. SHHF rats had reduced serum free thyroid hormone levels and cardiac tissue T3 levels, LV dysfunction, and elevated LV collagen content compared with normotensive controls. Restoration of serum and cardiac tissue thyroid hormone levels in T3-treated rats was associated with no change in heart rate, but strong trends for improvement in LV systolic function and collagen levels. For instance, end-systolic diameter, fractional shortening, systolic wall stress, and LV collagen levels were no longer significantly different from controls. In conclusion, longstanding hypertension in rats led to chronic low serum and cardiac tissue thyroid hormone levels. Long-term treatment with low-dose T3 was safe. While cardiac dysfunction could not be completely prevented in the absence of antihypertensive treatment, T3 may offer additional benefits as an adjunct therapy with possible improvement in diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Y Weltman
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Christine J Pol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
| | - Adrienne Koder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
| | - Sarah Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Colligiani
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York; and
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Wang W, Guan H, Gerdes AM, Iervasi G, Yang Y, Tang YD. Thyroid Status, Cardiac Function, and Mortality in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3210-8. [PMID: 26052725 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies claiming a relationship between thyroid dysfunction and poor prognosis of heart failure (HF) had a major limitation in that they included patients with different etiologies. OBJECTIVE With complete information of thyroid function profile from 458 consecutive patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, we tested the hypothesis that thyroid status can independently influence mortality in patients with HF. Design, Patients, and Outcome Measure: The original cohort consisted of 572 consecutive patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and 458 patients remained at the end of follow-up. All patients took thyroid function tests and other regular examinations in hospital. The risk of mortality was evaluated based on free T3, TSH, and the whole thyroid function profile, respectively. RESULTS The most frequent thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 41), followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (n = 35), low-T3 syndrome (n = 17), and hypothyroidism (n = 12). Logistic analysis showed log-TSH and free T3 as independent predictors of exacerbated cardiac function (New York Heart Association stages III-IV vs New York Heart Association stages I-II). During the follow-up (17 ± 8 mo), 111 cumulative deaths occurred. Hypothyroidism was the strongest predictor of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 4.189; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.118-8.283)], followed by low-T3 syndrome (HR 3.147; 95% CI 1.558-6.355) and subclinical hypothyroidism (HR 2.869; 95% CI 1.817-4.532). Subclinical hyperthyroidism showed no significant impact. CONCLUSIONS We found a clear association between thyroid dysfunction and increased risk of mortality in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with HF. These results suggest that monitoring thyroid function in HF patients is necessary, and further studies on the treatment of HF with thyroid dysfunction are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
| | - Haixia Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (W.W., Y.Y., Y.-D.T.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100031, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M.G.), New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568; Clinical Physiology Institute (G.I.), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Fondazione G Monasterio Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Regione Toscna, 54100 Pisa e Massa, Italy
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26
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Gao C, Li T, Liu J, Guo Q, Tian L. Endothelial Functioning and Hemodynamic Parameters in Rats with Subclinical Hypothyroid and the Effects of Thyroxine Replacement. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131776. [PMID: 26158620 PMCID: PMC4497722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and its associations with atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease remain controversial. The purpose of our study was to observe changes in endothelial functioning and hemodynamics in rats with SCH and to determine whether L-thyroxine (L-T4) administration affects these changes. METHODS In total, sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following three groups with 20 rats each: control euthyroid rats, SCH rats and SCH rats that had been treated with thyroxine (SCH+T4). The SCH rats were induced by administration of 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) methimazole (MMI) once daily by gavage for 3 months. The SCH+T4 rats were administered the same dose of MMI for three months in addition to 2 μg x kg(-1) x d(-1) L-T4 once daily by gavage after 45 days of MMI administration. The control rats received physiological saline via gavage. RESULTS The SCH group had significantly higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and endothelin (ET) levels and a lower nitric oxide (NO) level than the control and SCH+T4 groups. The tail and carotid artery blood pressures, left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate and aorta ventralis blood flow were significantly lower in the SCH group than in the control and SCH+T4 groups. ACH treatment caused concentration-dependent relaxation, which was reduced in the SCH arteries compared with the control and SCH+T4 arteries. Histopathological examination revealed the absence of pathological changes in the SCH rat arteries. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that L-T4 treatment ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic changes in SCH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Gao
- Departments of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Departments of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Departments of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
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