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Chai N, Zheng H, Zhang H, Li L, Yu X, Wang L, Bi X, Yang L, Niu T, Liu X, Zhao Y, Dong L. Spermidine Alleviates Intrauterine Hypoxia-Induced Offspring Newborn Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Mitochondrial Quality Control. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e133776. [PMID: 36945337 PMCID: PMC10024813 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in offspring. As a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, polyamine spermidine (SPD) is essential for embryonic and fetal survival and growth. However, further studies on the SPD protection and mechanisms for IUH-induced heart damage in offspring are required. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of prenatal SPD treatment on IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats and its underlying mitochondrial-related mechanism. Methods The rat model of IUH was established by exposure to 10% O2 seven days before term. Meanwhile, for seven days, the pregnant rats were given SPD (5 mg.kg-1.d-1; ip). The one-day offspring rats were sacrificed to assess several parameters, including growth development, heart damage, cardiomyocytes proliferation, myocardial oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial function, and have mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion/fission. In in vitro experiments, primary cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia with or without SPD for 24 hours. Results IUH decreased body weight, heart weight, cardiac Ki67 expression, the activity of SOD, and the CAT and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and increased the BAX/BCL2 expression, and TUNEL-positive nuclei numbers. Furthermore, IUH also caused mitochondrial structure abnormality, dysfunction, and decreased mitophagy (decreased number of mitophagosomes), declined mitochondrial biogenesis (decreased expression of SIRT-1, PGC-1α, NRF-2, and TFAM), and led to fission/fusion imbalance (increased percentage of mitochondrial fragments, increased DRP1 expression, and decreased MFN2 expression) in the myocardium. Surprisingly, SPD treatment normalized the variations in the IUH-induced parameters. Furthermore, SPD also prevented hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential decay, and the mitophagy decrease in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Maternal SPD treatment caused IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats by improving the myocardial mitochondrial function via anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, and regulating MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chai
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Department of the Laboratory Animal, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Tongxu Niu
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lijie Dong
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Author: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, China.
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Wang J, Li S, Wang J, Wu F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Lin Y, Li L, Yu X, Liu T, Zhao Y. Spermidine alleviates cardiac aging by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:650-671. [PMID: 31907336 PMCID: PMC6977682 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines have been shown to delay cellular and organismal aging and to provide cardiovascular protection in humans. Because age-related cardiovascular dysfunction is often accompanied by impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we explored the ability of spermidine (SPD), a major mammalian polyamine, to attenuate cardiac aging through activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Cardiac polyamine levels were reduced in aged (24-month-old) rats. Six-week SPD supplementation restored cardiac polyamine content, preserved myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. Immunoblotting showed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and SPD/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the myocardium of older rats. These changes were paralleled by age-dependent downregulation of components of the sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (SIRT1/PGC-1α) signaling pathway, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. SPD administration increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1, NRF2), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression; decreased ROS production; and improved OXPHOS performance in senescent (H2O2-treated) cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or SIRT1 activity abolished these effects. PGC-1α knockdown experiments confirmed that SPD activated mitochondrial biogenesis through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α. These data provide new insight into the antiaging effects of SPD, and suggest potential applicability to protect against deterioration of cardiac function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Spermidine Prevents Heart Injury in Neonatal Rats Exposed to Intrauterine Hypoxia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Fragmentation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5406468. [PMID: 31217839 PMCID: PMC6537013 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5406468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) is a common intrauterine dysplasia that can cause programming of the offspring cardiovascular system. In this study, we hypothesized that placental treatment with spermidine (SPD) can prevent heart injury in neonatal offspring exposed to IUH. Pregnant rats were exposed to 21% O2 or 10% O2 (hypoxia) for 7 days prior to term or were exposed to hypoxia and intraperitoneally administered SPD or SPD+difluromethylornithine (DFMO) on gestational days 15-21. Seven-day-old offspring were then sacrificed to assess several parameters. Our results demonstrated that IUH led to decreased myocardial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and increased spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) expression in the offspring. IUH also resulted in decreased offspring body weight, heart weight, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and antioxidant capacity and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. Furthermore, IUH caused mitochondrial structure abnormality, dysfunction, and decreased biogenesis and led to a fission/fusion imbalance in offspring hearts. In vitro, hypoxia induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation, decreased membrane potential, and increased fragmentation. Notably, all hypoxia-induced changes analyzed in this study were prevented by SPD. Thus, in utero SPD treatment is a potential strategy for preventing IUH-induced neonatal cardiac injury.
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Pourtaji A, Jahani V, Moallem SMH, Karimani A, Mohammadpour AH. Application of G-CSF in Congestive Heart Failure Treatment. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:83-90. [PMID: 30378501 PMCID: PMC6520582 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666181031115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a disorder in which the heart is unable to supply enough blood for body tissues. Since heart is an adaptable organ, it overcomes this condition by going under remodeling process. Considering cardiac myocytes are capable of proliferation after MI, stimulation of neovascularization as well as their regeneration might serve as a novel target in cardiac remodeling prevention and CHF treatment. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), is a hematopoietic cytokine that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils and is involved in cardiac repair after MI. So far, this is the first review to focus on GCSF as a novel treatment for heart failure. METHODS We conducted a search of some databases such as PubMed for articles and reviews published between 2003 and 2017, with different keywords including "G-CSF", "congestive heart failure", "new therapies for CHF", "filgrastim", "in vivo study". RESULTS GCSF exerts its beneficial effects on cardiac repair through either stem cell mobilization or direct angiogenesis promotion. All of which are capable of promoting cardiac cell repair. CONCLUSION GCSF is a promising target in CHF-therapy by means of cardiac repair and remodeling prevention through multiple mechanisms, which are effective enough to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Pourtaji
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Jahani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Karimani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Habibi J, Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Jia G, Hayden MR, Garro M, Barron B, Mayoux E, Rector RS, Whaley-Connell A, DeMarco VG. Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac diastolic function in a female rodent model of diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:9. [PMID: 28086951 PMCID: PMC5237274 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese and diabetic individuals are at increased risk for impairments in diastolic relaxation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The impairments in diastolic relaxation are especially pronounced in obese and diabetic women and predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in this population. Recent clinical data suggest sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduces CVD events in diabetic individuals, but the mechanisms of this CVD protection are unknown. To determine whether targeting SGLT2 improves diastolic relaxation, we utilized empagliflozin (EMPA) in female db/db mice. Eleven week old female db/db mice were fed normal mouse chow, with or without EMPA, for 5 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), HbA1c and fasting glucose were significantly increased in untreated db/db mice (DbC) (P < 0.01). EMPA treatment (DbE) improved glycemic indices (P < 0.05), but not BP (P > 0.05). At baseline, DbC and DbE had already established impaired diastolic relaxation as indicated by impaired septal wall motion (>tissue Doppler derived E'/A' ratio) and increased left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (<E/E' ratio). Although these abnormalities persisted throughout the study period in DbC, diastolic function improved with EMPA treatment. In DbC, myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by increased expression of profibrotic/prohypertrophic proteins, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the development of these abnormalities were reduced with EMPA. DbC exhibited eccentric LV hypertrophy that was slightly improved by EMPA, indicated by a reduction in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area. In summary, EMPA improved glycemic indices along with diastolic relaxation, as well as SGK1/ENaC profibrosis signaling and associated interstitial fibrosis, all of which occurred in the absence of any changes in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Mona Garro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Departments of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Nieto-Lima B, Cano-Marti A, Zarco-Olve G, Masso-Roja F, Paez-Arena A, Guarner-La V. GCSF Partially Repairs Heart Damage Induced by Repetitive β-adrenergic Stimulation in Mice: Potential Role of the Mobilized Bone Marrow-derived Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.689.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vineetha VP, Soumya RS, Raghu KG. Phloretin ameliorates arsenic trioxide induced mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts mediated via alterations in membrane permeability and ETC complexes. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:162-72. [PMID: 25746422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO), though a very effective drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, leads to cardiotoxicity. As mitochondria are the center of attention of cardiac cell׳s general metabolic status, it is primarily important to see the interaction of ATO with mitochondria. Studies related exclusively to the alterations in mitochondria and its associated functions caused by ATO are very limited. The present investigation aims to explore the effect of ATO on various components of electron transport chain, oxygen consumption, ATP production, mitochondrial superoxide generation, transmembrane potential, permeability pore opening, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Attempts were also made to see the efficacy of phloretin, a potent antioxidant flavonoid found majorly in apple peel on cardiotoxicity. The H9c2 cells exposed to ATO (5µM) exhibited increased oxidative stress with reduced innate antioxidant status, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis. It increased the intracellular calcium content, caused alterations in the activity of transcription factor Nrf2, xanthine oxidase, aconitase and caspase 3 compared to the control group. Phloretin at 2.5 and 5µM concentrations were able to protect the cells from ATO toxicity via protecting mitochondria through its antioxidant potential. The present investigation based on mitochondria reveals the probability of cardioprotective potential of phloretin for the cancer patients on ATO chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadavanath Prabhakaran Vineetha
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Rema Sreenivasan Soumya
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR - NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.
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Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Bender SB, Nistala R, Garro M, Mugerfeld I, Hayden MR, Johnson MS, Salam M, Whaley-Connell A, Demarco VG. Dipeptidylpeptidase inhibition is associated with improvement in blood pressure and diastolic function in insulin-resistant male Zucker obese rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2501-13. [PMID: 23653460 PMCID: PMC3689282 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a prognosticator for future cardiovascular events that demonstrates a strong correlation with obesity. Pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) to increase the bioavailability of glucagon-like peptide-1 is an emerging therapy for control of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 has insulin-independent actions in cardiovascular tissue. However, it is not known whether DPP-4 inhibition improves obesity-related diastolic dysfunction. Eight-week-old Zucker obese (ZO) and Zucker lean rats were fed normal chow diet or diet containing the DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin (LGT), for 8 weeks. Plasma DPP-4 activity was 3.3-fold higher in ZO compared with Zucker lean rats and was reduced by 95% with LGT treatment. LGT improved echocardiographic and pressure volume-derived indices of diastolic function that were impaired in ZO control rats, without altering food intake or body weight gain during the study period. LGT also blunted elevated blood pressure progression in ZO rats involving improved skeletal muscle arteriolar function, without reducing left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in ZO hearts. Expression of phosphorylated- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)(Ser1177), total eNOS, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a protein was elevated in the LGT-treated ZO heart, suggesting improved Ca(2+) handling. The ZO myocardium had an abnormal mitochondrial sarcomeric arrangement and cristae structure that were normalized by LGT. These studies suggest that LGT reduces blood pressure and improves intracellular Cai(2+) mishandling and cardiomyocyte ultrastructure, which collectively result in improvements in diastolic function in the absence of reductions in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in insulin-resistant ZO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Nagai T, Komuro I. Gene and cytokine therapy for heart failure: molecular mechanisms in the improvement of cardiac function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H501-12. [PMID: 22777420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00130.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in pharmacological and clinical treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many new therapeutic strategies, including cell transplantation, gene delivery, and cytokines or other small molecules, have been explored to treat HF. Recent advancement of our understanding of the molecules that regulate cardiac function uncover many of the therapeutic key molecules to treat HF. Furthermore, a theory of paracrine mechanism, which underlies the beneficial effects of cell therapy, leads us to search novel target molecules for genetic or pharmacological strategy. Gene therapy means delivery of genetic materials into cells to achieve therapeutic effects. Recently, gene transfer technology in the cardiovascular system has been improved and several therapeutic target genes have been started to examine in clinical research, and some of the promising results have been emerged. Among the various bioactive reagents, cytokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin have been well examined, and a number of clinical trials for acute myocardial infarction and chronic HF have been conducted. Although further research is needed in both preclinical and clinical areas in terms of molecular mechanisms, safety, and efficiency, both gene and cytokine therapy have a great possibility to open the new era of the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Taskin E, Dursun N. The protection of selenium on adriamycin-induced mitochondrial damage in rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:165-71. [PMID: 22237420 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although adriamycin (ADR) exhibits high anti-tumor efficacy in vitro, its clinical use in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to its high renal toxicity. This study investigated the mechanism of ADR nephropathy and the protective effect of selenium on ADR-induced kidney damage by analyzing of the relationship between selenium and mitochondria. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group was injected with saline i.p. for 21 days, the second group received the 4 mg/kg i.p. ADR every alternate day for 8 days, the third group received the 50 μg/kg i.p. Se for 21 days, and the fourth group received the Se. ADR co-administration i.p. blood pressures were assessed, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined. The total antioxidant (TAS) and oxidant status (TOS) in cytosol, the mitochondria of kidney cells, and plasma were measured. Mitochondrial TAS decreased and TOS increased in the ADR group compared to the Se group. ADR-treated rats showed significantly lower MMP than did the control and Se groups. MMP was significantly restored in the Se + ADR group through selenium treatment compared to the ADR group (p < 0.01). In the ADR group, a reduction in ATP content was seen compared to the control and Se groups (p < 0.01). ATP level was significantly restored through treatment with selenium in the Se + ADR group compared to the ADR group (p < 0.01). We concluded that selenium is effective in vivo against ADR-induced kidney damage via the restoration of TAS and TOS, which prevented mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylem Taskin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Kanlop N, Thommasorn S, Palee S, Weerateerangkul P, Suwansirikul S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stabilizes cardiac electrophysiology and decreases infarct size during cardiac ischaemic/reperfusion in swine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:11-20. [PMID: 21276206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on cardiac electrophysiology during ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) period are unclear. We hypothesized that G-CSF stabilizes cardiac electrophysiology during I/R injury by prolonging the effective refractory period (ERP), increasing the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and decreasing the defibrillation threshold (DFT), and that the cardioprotection of G-CSF is via preventing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS In intact-heart protocol, pigs were infused with either G-CSF or vehicle (n = 7 each group) without I/R induction. In I/R protocol, pigs were infused with G-CSF (0.33 μg kg(-1 ) min(-1) ) or vehicle (n = 8 each group) for 30 min prior to a 45-min left anterior descending artery occlusion and at reperfusion. Diastolic pacing threshold (DPT), ERP, VFT and DFT were determined in all pigs before and during I/R period. Rat's isolated cardiac mitochondria were used to test the protective effect of G-CSF (100 nm) in H(2) O(2) -induced mitochondrial oxidative damage. RESULTS Neither G-CSF nor vehicle altered any parameter in intact-heart pigs. During ischaemic period, G-CSF significantly increased the DPT, ERP and VFT without altering the DFT. During reperfusion, G-CSF continued to increase the DPT without altering other parameters. The infarct size was significantly decreased in the G-CSF group, compared to the vehicle. G-CSF could also prevent cardiac mitochondrial swelling, decrease ROS production, and prevent mitochondrial membrane depolarization. CONCLUSION G-CSF increases the DPT, ERP and VFT and reduces the infarct size, thus stabilizing the myocardial electrophysiology, and preventing fatal arrhythmia during I/R. The protective mechanism could be via its effect in preventing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanlop
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Dursun N, Taşkın E, Yerer Aycan MB, Şahin L. Selenium-mediated cardioprotection against adriamycin-induced mitochondrial damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:199-207. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.538693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shim W, Mehta A, Lim SY, Zhang G, Lim CH, Chua T, Wong P. G-CSF for stem cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: friend or foe? Cardiovasc Res 2011; 89:20-30. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Kim J, Lee S, Jeon B, Jang W, Moon C, Kim S. Protection of spermatogenesis against gamma ray-induced damage by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in mice. Andrologia 2010; 43:87-93. [PMID: 21382061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) were further investigated with respect to the testicular system. Recombinant human GCSF (100 μg kg(-1) body weight/day) was administrated to male C3H/HeN mice by subcutaneous injection for three consecutive days before pelvic irradiation (5 Gy) and histopathological parameters were assessed at 12 h and 21 days post-irradiation (pi). The GCSF protected the germ cells from radiation induced- apoptosis (P < 0.01 vs. irradiated group at 12 h pi). GCSF remarkably attenuated radiation-induced reduction in testis weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, seminiferous epithelial depth and sperm head count in the testes (P < 0.05 versus irradiated group at 21 days pi). Repopulation index and stem cell survival index of the seminiferous tubules were increased in the GCSF-treated group when compared with the radiation group (P < 0.01). The frequency of abnormal sperm in the GCSF group was lower than that in the irradiated group at 21 days pi (P < 0.01). The decrease in the sperm count and in sperm liability in the epididymis caused by irradiation was counteracted by GCSF. The present study suggests that GCSF protects from radiation-induced testicular dysfunction via an anti-apoptotic effect and recovery of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhang Y, El-Sikhry H, Chaudhary KR, Batchu SN, Shayeganpour A, Jukar TO, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Myers P, Rouse DC, Foley J, Nyska A, Zeldin DC, Seubert JM. Overexpression of CYP2J2 provides protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H37-46. [PMID: 19429816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00983.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2J2 is abundant in heart and active in biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Recently, we demonstrated that these eicosanoid products protect myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study utilized transgenic (Tr) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human CYP2J2 to investigate protection toward toxicity resulting from acute (0, 5, or 15 mg/kg daily for 3 days, followed by 24-h recovery) or chronic (0, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg biweekly for 5 wk, followed by 2-wk recovery) doxorubicin (Dox) administration. Acute treatment resulted in marked elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels that were significantly greater in wild-type (WT) than CYP2J2 Tr mice. Acute treatment also resulted in less activation of stress response enzymes in CYP2J2 Tr mice (catalase 750% vs. 300% of baseline, caspase-3 235% vs. 165% of baseline in WT vs. CYP2J2 Tr mice). Moreover, CYP2J2 Tr hearts exhibited less Dox-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis (measured by TUNEL) compared with WT hearts. After chronic treatment, comparable decreases in body weight were observed in WT and CYP2J2 Tr mice. However, cardiac function, assessed by measurement of fractional shortening with M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in CYP2J2 Tr than WT hearts after chronic Dox treatment (WT 37 +/- 2%, CYP2J2 Tr 47 +/- 1%). WT mice also had larger increases in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac ankryin repeat protein compared with CYP2J2 Tr mice. CYP2J2 Tr hearts had a significantly higher rate of Dox metabolism than WT hearts (2.2 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.50 ng.min(-1).100 microg protein(-1)). In vitro data from H9c2 cells demonstrated that EETs attenuated Dox-induced mitochondrial damage. Together, these data suggest that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 limited Dox-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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