1
|
McHenry MW, Shi P, Camara CM, Cohen DT, Rettenmaier TJ, Adhikary U, Gygi MA, Yang K, Gygi SP, Wales TE, Engen JR, Wells JA, Walensky LD. Covalent inhibition of pro-apoptotic BAX. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:1022-1032. [PMID: 38233584 PMCID: PMC11252247 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) is a promising therapeutic target for activating or restraining apoptosis in diseases of pathologic cell survival or cell death, respectively. In response to cellular stress, BAX transforms from a quiescent cytosolic monomer into a toxic oligomer that permeabilizes the mitochondria, releasing key apoptogenic factors. The mitochondrial lipid trans-2-hexadecenal (t-2-hex) sensitizes BAX activation by covalent derivatization of cysteine 126 (C126). In this study, we performed a disulfide tethering screen to discover C126-reactive molecules that modulate BAX activity. We identified covalent BAX inhibitor 1 (CBI1) as a compound that selectively derivatizes BAX at C126 and inhibits BAX activation by triggering ligands or point mutagenesis. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that CBI1 can inhibit BAX by a dual mechanism of action: conformational constraint and competitive blockade of lipidation. These data inform a pharmacologic strategy for suppressing apoptosis in diseases of unwanted cell death by covalent targeting of BAX C126.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McHenry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peiwen Shi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Camara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Justin Rettenmaier
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Utsarga Adhikary
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Micah A Gygi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ka Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Ding J, Xia B, Liu K, Zheng K, Wu J, Huang C, Yuan X, You Q. L-theanine alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mice. Mol Med 2024; 30:98. [PMID: 38943069 PMCID: PMC11214244 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid in tea that is widely used as a safe food additive. We investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of L-theanine in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). METHODS The cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of L-theanine and the role of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling were investigated in MIRI mice using measures of cardiac function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. RESULTS Administration of L-theanine (10 mg/kg, once daily) suppressed the MIRI-induced increase in infarct size and serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, as well as MIRI-induced cardiac apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in Bcl-2 expression and a decrease in Bax/caspase-3 expression. Administration of L-theanine also decreased the levels of parameters reflecting oxidative stress, such as dihydroethidium, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide, and increased the levels of parameters reflecting anti-oxidation, such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in ischemic heart tissue. Further analysis showed that L-theanine administration suppressed the MIRI-induced decrease of phospho-JAK2 and phospho-STAT3 in ischemic heart tissue. Inhibition of JAK2 by AG490 (5 mg/kg, once daily) abolished the cardioprotective effect of L-theanine, suggesting that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may play an essential role in mediating the anti-I/R effect of L-theanine. CONCLUSIONS L-theanine administration suppresses cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress in part via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating MIRI-induced cardiac injury. L-theanine could be developed as a potential drug to alleviate cardiac damage in MIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Staehlke S, Mahajan S, Thieme D, Trosan P, Fuchsluger TA. Suppressing Pro-Apoptotic Proteins by siRNA in Corneal Endothelial Cells Protects against Cell Death. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1439. [PMID: 39062012 PMCID: PMC11274739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CE) are critical for the cornea's transparency. For severe corneal damage, corneal tissue transplantation is the most promising option for restoring vision. However, CE apoptotic cell death occurs during the storage of donor corneas for transplantation. This study used small interfering (si)RNA-mediated silencing of pro-apoptotic proteins as a novel strategy to protect CE against apoptosis. Therefore, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were silenced in the human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC-12) by transfection with Accell™siRNA without any adverse effects on cell viability. When apoptosis was induced, e.g., etoposide, the caspase-3 activity and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay indicated a significantly reduced apoptosis rate in Bax+Bak-siRNA transfected HCECs compared to control (w/o siRNA). TUNEL assay in HCECs exposed also significantly lower cell death in Bax+Bak-siRNA (7.5%) compared to control (w/o siRNA: 32.8%). In ex vivo donor corneas, a significant reduction of TUNEL-positive CEs in Bax+Bak-siRNA corneas (8.1%) was detectable compared to control-treated corneas (w/o siRNA: 27.9%). In this study, we demonstrated that suppressing pro-apoptotic siRNA leads to inhibiting CE apoptosis. Gene therapy with siRNA may open a new translational approach for corneal tissue treatment in the eye bank before transplantation, leading to graft protection and prolonged graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siddharth Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Trosan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Thomas A. Fuchsluger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin D, Jia XF, Hanna A, Lee J, Pekson R, Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Frangogiannis NG, Kitsis RN. BAK contributes critically to necrosis and infarct generation during reperfused myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:1-12. [PMID: 37709008 PMCID: PMC10841630 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At least seven cell death programs are activated during myocardial infarction (MI), but which are most important in causing heart damage is not understood. Two of these programs are mitochondrial-dependent necrosis and apoptosis. The canonical function of the pro-cell death BCL-2 family proteins BAX and BAK is to mediate permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane during apoptosis allowing apoptogen release. BAX has also been shown to sensitize cells to mitochondrial-dependent necrosis, although the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Genetic deletion of Bax or both Bax and Bak in mice reduces infarct size following reperfused myocardial infarction (MI/R), but the contribution of BAK itself to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis and infarction has not been investigated. In this study, we use Bak-deficient mice and isolated adult cardiomyocytes to delineate the role of BAK in the pathogenesis of infarct generation and post-infarct remodeling during MI/R and non-reperfused MI. Generalized homozygous deletion of Bak reduced infarct size ∼50% in MI/R in vivo, which was attributable primarily to decreases in necrosis. Protection from necrosis was also observed in BAK-deficient isolated cardiomyocytes suggesting that the cardioprotection from BAK loss in vivo is at least partially cardiomyocyte-autonomous. Interestingly, heterozygous Bak deletion, in which the heart still retains ∼28% of wild type BAK levels, reduced infarct size to a similar extent as complete BAK absence. In contrast to MI/R, homozygous Bak deletion did not attenuate acute infarct size or long-term scar size, post-infarct remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, or mortality in non-reperfused MI. We conclude that BAK contributes significantly to cardiomyocyte necrosis and infarct generation during MI/R, while its absence does not appear to impact the pathogenesis of non-reperfused MI. These observations suggest BAK may be a therapeutic target for MI/R and that even partial pharmacological antagonism may provide benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Qin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaotong F Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Masri A. Apoptosis and long non-coding RNAs: Focus on their roles in Heart diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154889. [PMID: 38238070 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the principal death reasons around the world and there is a growing requirement to discover novel healing targets that have the potential to avert or manage these illnesses. On the other hand, apoptosis is a strongly controlled, cell removal procedure that has a crucial part in numerous cardiac problems, such as reperfusion injury, MI (myocardial infarction), consecutive heart failure, and inflammation of myocardium. Completely comprehending the managing procedures of cell death signaling is critical as it is the primary factor that influences patient mortality and morbidity, owing to cardiomyocyte damage. Indeed, the prevention of heart cell death appears to be a viable treatment approach for heart illnesses. According to current researches, a number of long non-coding RNAs cause the heart cells death via different methods that are embroiled in controlling the activity of transcription elements, the pathways that signals transmission within cells, small miRNAs, and the constancy of proteins. When there is too much cell death in the heart, it can cause problems like reduced blood flow, heart damage after restoring blood flow, heart disease in diabetics, and changes in the heart after reduced blood flow. Therefore, studying how lncRNAs control apoptosis could help us find new treatments for heart diseases. In this review, we present recent discoveries about how lncRNAs are involved in causing cell death in different cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ajzashokouhi AH, Rezaee R, Omidkhoda N, Karimi G. Natural compounds regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:741-757. [PMID: 36593695 PMCID: PMC10026916 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2161959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway is crucial in regulating cardiomyocyte growth and survival. It has been shown that activation of this pathway alleviates the negative impact of ischemia-reperfusion. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) induces apoptosis through stimulation of transcription factors, and its phosphorylation has been suggested as a new therapeutic target for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). GSK3β regulatory role is mediated by the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, and its inhibition by Akt activation blocks mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and enhances myocardial survival. The present article discusses the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in cardioprotective effects of natural products against MIRI.Abbreviations: Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Bad: bcl2-associated agonist of cell death; Bax: bcl2-associated x protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; CRP: C-reactive-protein; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; EGCG: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Enos: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERK ½: extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase ½; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3; GSRd: Ginsenoside Rd; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; HR: hypoxia/reoxygenation; HSYA: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A; ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; IKK-b: IκB kinase; IL: interleukin; IPoC: Ischemic postconditioning; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Keap1: kelch-like ECH-associated protein- 1; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LVEDP: left ventricular end diastolic pressure; LVP: left ventricle pressure; LVSP: left ventricular systolic pressure; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDA: malondialdehyde; MIRI: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; mtHKII: mitochondria-bound hexokinase II; Nrf-1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; NO: nitric oxide; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ coactivator‑1α; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinases; RISK: reperfusion injury salvage kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RSV: Resveratrol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TFAM: transcription factor A mitochondrial; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF-B: vascular endothelial growth factor B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He J, Liu D, Zhao L, Zhou D, Rong J, Zhang L, Xia Z. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Mechanisms of injury and implications for management (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:430. [PMID: 35607376 PMCID: PMC9121204 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the primary causes of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease worldwide. Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction restores blood supply of ischemic myocardium and decreases the mortality risk. However, when the interrupted myocardial blood supply is recovered within a certain period of time, it causes more serious damage to the original ischemic myocardium; this is known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to MIRI are associated with oxidative stress, intracellular calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. These interplay with one another and directly or indirectly lead to aggravation of the effect. In the past, apoptosis and autophagy have attracted more attention but necroptosis and ferroptosis also serve key roles. However, the mechanism of MIRI has not been fully elucidated. The present study reviews the mechanisms underlying MIRI. Based on current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of MIRI, the association between cell death-associated signaling pathways were elaborated, providing direction for investigation of novel targets in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Danyong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Dongcheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Protective Effect of Sufentanil on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6267720. [PMID: 35356663 PMCID: PMC8958077 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6267720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sufentanil is the most common drug in clinical practice for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. This study is to investigate the protective mechanism of sufentanil on rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods A rat I/R model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. A total of 24 SD male rats were enrolled and divided randomly into the control group, I/R group, sufentanil group (SUF; 3 μg/kg), and diltiazem group (DLZ; 20 mg/kg; positive control). The rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Subsequently, hemodynamics, pathological changes of myocardial tissue, serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress factors, the level of serum inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and other bioactive factors were analyzed in the rats. Result Compared with the I/R group, sufentanil significantly improved cardiac action, myocardial fiber, and cardiomyocyte morphology and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in rats in the SUF group. And the level of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), troponin (cTn), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), iNOS, and IL-6 was significantly declined in the serum of SUF group, while the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly activated in the myocardial tissues. In addition, sufentanil also significantly decreased the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, Caspase 12, and ATF6 in the myocardial tissue of the SUF group. Conclusion Sufentanil has a significant protective activity on myocardial I/R injury in rats, the mechanism of which may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Su Y, Wang W, Meng X. Revealing the Roles of MOAP1 in Diseases: A Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050889. [PMID: 35269511 PMCID: PMC8909730 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulator of apoptosis protein1 (MOAP1), also known as MAP1 and PNMA4, belongs to the PNMA gene family consisting of at least 15 genes located on different chromosomes. MOAP1 interacts with the BAX protein, one of the most important apoptosis regulators. Due to its critical role in a few of disease-associated pathways, MOAP1 is associated with many diseases such as cancers and neurological diseases. In this study, we introduced MOAP1 and its biological functions and reviewed the associations between MOAP1 and a few diseases including cancers, neurological diseases, and other diseases such as inflammation and heart diseases. We also explained possible biological mechanisms underlying the associations between MOAP1 and these diseases, and discussed a few future directions regarding MOAP1, especially its potential roles in neurodegenerative disorders. In summary, MOAP1 plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancers and neurological diseases by regulating a few genes related to cellular apoptosis such as BAX and RASSF1A and interacting with disease-associated miRNAs, including miR-25 and miR1228.
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular Signaling to Preserve Mitochondrial Integrity against Ischemic Stress in the Heart: Rescue or Remove Mitochondria in Danger. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123330. [PMID: 34943839 PMCID: PMC8699551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). The heart is a high-energy demanding organ, and myocardial energy reserves are limited. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but under stress conditions, they become damaged, release necrotic and apoptotic factors, and contribute to cell death. Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a significant role in ischemic heart disease. In response to stress, protective signaling pathways are activated to limit mitochondrial deterioration and protect the heart. To prevent mitochondrial death pathways, damaged mitochondria are removed by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial quality control mediated by mitophagy is functionally linked to mitochondrial dynamics. This review provides a current understanding of the signaling mechanisms by which the integrity of mitochondria is preserved in the heart against ischemic stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Han RH, Huang HM, Han H, Chen H, Zeng F, Xie X, Liu DY, Cai Y, Zhang LQ, Liu X, Xia ZY, Tang J. Propofol postconditioning ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy via upregulating forkhead transcription factors under hyperglycemia. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 34753510 PMCID: PMC8579603 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic with antioxidant property, immediately at the onset of post-ischemic reperfusion (propofol postconditioning, P-PostC) has been shown to confer cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. The FoxO transcription factors are reported to play critical roles in activating cardiomyocyte survival signaling throughout the process of cellular injuries induced by oxidative stress and are also involved in hypoxic postconditioning mediated neuroprotection, however, the role of FoxO in postconditioning mediated protection in the heart and in particular in high glucose condition is unknown. METHODS Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG) for 48 h (h), then subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R, composed of 8 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation) in the absence or presence of postconditioning with various concentrations of propofol (P-PostC) at the onset of reoxygenation. After having identified the optical concentration of propofol, H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R and P-PostC in the absence or presence of FoxO1 or FoxO3a gene silencing to explore their roles in P-PostC mediated protection against apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths under hyperglycemia. RESULTS The results showed that HG with or without H/R decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells, all of which were significantly reversed by propofol (P-PostC), especially at the concentration of 25 µmol/L (P25) (all P < 0.05, NC vs. HG; HG vs. HG + HR; HG + HR + P12.5 or HG + HR + P25 or HG + HR + P50 vs. HG + HR). Moreover, we found that propofol (P25) decreased H9c2 cells apoptosis and autophagy that were concomitant with increased FoxO1 and FoxO3a expression (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR). The protective effects of propofol (P25) against H/R injury were reversed by silencing FoxO1 or FoxO3a (all P < 0.05, HG + HR + P25 vs. HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-1 or HG + HR + P25 + siRNA-5). CONCLUSION It is concluded that propofol postconditioning attenuated H9c2 cardiac cells apoptosis and autophagy induced by H/R injury through upregulating FoxO1 and FoxO3a under hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - He-Meng Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 518000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dan-Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 57 South Renming Avenue Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, 524000, Guandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi M, Cao X, Zhuang J, Chen X. The cardioprotective effect and mechanism of bioactive glass on myocardial reperfusion injury. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34049296 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial reperfusion treatment for ischemic infarction may cause lethal injury of cardiomyocytes, which is known as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. As a kind of prospective biomaterial with superior properties, the application of bioactive glasses (BGs) in myocardial tissue engineering have received great interests. In this study, the cardioprotective effect and relevant mechanism of BG on myocardial reperfusion injury were investigatedin vitro. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with BG extracts and then cultured in hypoxic environment for 30 min followed by reoxygenation for 1 h. The activity of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in H9c2 cells were tested by assay kits. Cell viability was analyzed by Live/Dead staining assay and the number of living cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cytoskeletal protein F-actin was stained and observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis ratio were evaluated by fluorescent observation and flow cytometry simultaneously. The gene expressions relevant to apoptosis were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results showed that BG extracts effectively inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell injury by suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) within H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis caused by H/R injury was alleviated and three classic apoptotic signaling pathways were proved to be regulated by BG extracts. Further analysis showed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was up-regulated in H/R-induced H9c2 cells by BG extracts, leading to relieved cellular apoptosis. These results indicated that BG might exert cardioprotective effect in reperfusion injury when applied in myocardial tissue regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wingard MC, Dalal S, Shook PL, Myers R, Connelly BA, Thewke DP, Singh M, Singh K. Deficiency of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase modulates functional and biochemical parameters of the heart in response to Western-type diet. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2324-H2338. [PMID: 33929897 PMCID: PMC8289354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00990.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase deficiency exacerbates heart dysfunction late after myocardial infarction. Here, we hypothesized that ATM deficiency modulates Western-type diet (WD)-induced cardiac remodeling with an emphasis on functional and biochemical parameters of the heart. Weight gain was assessed in male wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice on weekly basis, whereas cardiac functional and biochemical parameters were measured 14 wk post-WD. hKO-WD mice exhibited rapid body weight gain at weeks 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 versus WT-WD. WD decreased percent fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and increased end-systolic volumes and diameters to a similar extent in both genotypes. However, WD decreased stroke volume, cardiac output, peak velocity of early ventricular filling, and aortic ejection time and increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and Tei index versus WT-NC (normal chow). Conversely, IVRT, isovolumetric contraction time, and Tei index were lower in hKO-WD versus hKO-NC and WT-WD. Myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. WD increased fibrosis and expression of collagen-1α1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in WT. WD enhanced AMPK activation, while decreasing mTOR activation in hKO. Akt and IKK-α/β activation, and Bax, PARP-1, and Glut-4 expression were higher in WT-WD versus WT-NC, whereas NF-κB activation and Glut-4 expression were lower in hKO-WD versus hKO-NC. Circulating concentrations of IL-12(p70), eotaxin, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. Thus, ATM deficiency accelerates weight gain, induces systolic dysfunction with increased preload, and associates with increased apoptosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation in response to WD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase deficiency in humans associates with enhanced susceptibility to ischemic heart disease. Here, we provide evidence that ATM deficiency accelerates body weight gain and associates with increased cardiac preload, hypertrophy, and apoptosis in mice fed with Western-type diet (WD). Further investigations of the role of ATM deficiency in WD-induced alterations in function and biochemical parameters of the heart may provide clinically applicable information on treatment and/or nutritional counseling for patients with ATM deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wingard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Paige L Shook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Rachel Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Barbara A Connelly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Douglas P Thewke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li K, van Delft MF, Dewson G. Too much death can kill you: inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis to treat disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107341. [PMID: 34037273 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. Since many types of cancerous cells intrinsically evade apoptotic elimination, induction of apoptosis has become an attractive and often necessary cancer therapeutic approach. Conversely, some cells are extremely sensitive to apoptotic stimuli leading to neurodegenerative disease and immune pathologies. However, due to several challenges, pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis is still only a recently emerging strategy to combat pathological cell loss. Here, we describe several key steps in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway that represent potential targets for inhibitors in disease contexts. We also discuss the mechanisms of action, advantages and limitations of small-molecule and peptide-based inhibitors that have been developed to date. These inhibitors serve as important research tools to dissect apoptotic signalling and may foster new treatments to reduce unwanted cell loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Li
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark F van Delft
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Men H, Cai H, Cheng Q, Zhou W, Wang X, Huang S, Zheng Y, Cai L. The regulatory roles of p53 in cardiovascular health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2001-2018. [PMID: 33179140 PMCID: PMC11073000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally, so further investigation is required to identify its underlying mechanisms and potential targets for its prevention. The transcription factor p53 functions as a gatekeeper, regulating a myriad of genes to maintain normal cell functions. It has received a great deal of research attention as a tumor suppressor. In the past three decades, evidence has also shown a regulatory role for p53 in the heart. Basal p53 is essential for embryonic cardiac development; it is also necessary to maintain normal heart architecture and physiological function. In pathological cardiovascular circumstances, p53 expression is elevated in both patient samples and animal models. Elevated p53 plays a regulatory role via anti-angiogenesis, pro-programmed cell death, metabolism regulation, and cell cycle arrest regulation. This largely promotes the development of CVDs, particularly cardiac remodeling in the infarcted heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Roles for p53 have also been found in atherosclerosis and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. However, it has different roles in cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, even in the same model. In this review, we describe the different effects of p53 in cardiovascular physiological and pathological conditions, in addition to potential CVD therapies targeting p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Men
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - He Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Quanli Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshimura C, Nagasaka A, Kurose H, Nakaya M. Efferocytosis during myocardial infarction. J Biochem 2021; 168:1-6. [PMID: 32302392 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Many heart cells die during myocardial infarction through various processes such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. These dead cells in infarcted hearts expose the so-called 'eat-me' signals, such as phosphatidylserine, on their surfaces, enhancing their removal by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Clearance of dead cells by phagocytes in the diseased hearts plays a crucial role in the pathology of myocardial infarction by inhibiting the inflammatory responses caused by the leakage of contents from dead cells. This review focuses on the rapidly growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dead cell phagocytosis, termed efferocytosis, during myocardial infarction, which contributes to the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Ni L, Wang W, Zong L, Yao B. LncRNA Fendrr inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating p53 expression. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1211-1220. [PMID: 32537758 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LncRNA Fendrr plays an important role in cardiac development, but its role in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. P53 has been shown to be an important regulator of apoptosis and is involved in myocardial I/R-induced apoptosis. This study aims at investigating whether Fendrr affects hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through p53. METHODS The left anterior descending coronary artery of the rat was ligated for 30 min and then reperfusion for 120 min by releasing the suture. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and rat cardiac cell line H9c2 were cultured for 6 h in hypoxia (95% N2 and 5% CO2 ), followed by reoxygenation (95% air and 5% CO2 ) for 6 h. Transfection were performed in cells. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the regulation of Fendrr on p53 protein. KEY FINDINGS Fendrr was decreased in I/R-induced myocardium and H/R-induced cardiomyocyte, and overexpression of Fendrr inhibited H/R-induced NRVM or H9c2 cells apoptosis. Further research found that the 1381-2100 nt of Fendrr bound to p53 protein and Fendrr promoted t direct binding of p53 to Cop1. The inhibition of Fendrr reduced the binding of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) to p53 and reduced the ubiquitination of p53. Furthermore, the inhibition of Fendrr on H/R-induced NRVM or H9c2 cells apoptosis could be reversed by overexpression of p53. CONCLUSIONS Fendrr can inhibit H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is partly through promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 by increasing the binding of Cop1 and p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Liangchun Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Liang Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu T, Zhang K, Kan F, Li F, Yu B, Du W, Nie H. Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Small RNA Interference of TLR4 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Rats. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:127-135. [PMID: 30854968 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190311122521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intensive investigation, effective therapeutic procedures for myocardial I/R injury are still in demand. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated small interfering RNA targeting TLR4 in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and its influence on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. METHODS Rats were divided into 3 groups, namely, the sham, AAV9-siRNA control, and AAV9-TLR4 siRNA groups. siRNA solution or normal saline was injected through the tail vain. The rat myocardial I/R injury model was then established. HE staining and TUNEL staining were applied to compare the pathological changes in cardiomyocytes in the three groups. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were utilized to detect TLR4 expression under siRNA interference. Serum inflammatory factor (IL-1β, TNF-α) expression was determined by an ELISA commercial kit. Key proteins in the MAPK (p38, JNK 1/2) and NF-κB (p65) signaling pathways were determined to identify the TLR4 siRNA functional mechanism. RESULTS Fluorescence microscopic images of the myocardium indicated that AAV9- mediated siRNA was efficiently transfected into the myocardium, and the infarcted size after I/R injury was decreased by AAV9-TLR4 siRNA when compared with negative control rats (P<0.05). TLR4 protein expression was significantly decreased by siRNA interference (P<0.001). Apoptosis-related factor BCL-2 expression was increased in the TLR4 gene silencing group, whereas Bax expression was decreased. The Bax/BCL-2 ratio was also decreased, demonstrating a protective effect for cardiomyocytes. Inflammatory factors were lower in the TLR4 gene silencing group than in the siRNA control group (P<0.001). The MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were activated in myocardial I/R injury; however, the primary proteins in these two signaling pathways were downregulated upon interference of TLR4 siRNA, with significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AAV9-TLR4 siRNA has a positive effect on myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and can be used as a potential therapeutic method for myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuikui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Fengqin Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ying D, Zhou X, Ruan Y, Wang L, Wu X. LncRNA Gm4419 induces cell apoptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating the miR-455-SOX6 axis. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:474-483. [PMID: 32114773 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is known to be involved in a variety of diseases. However, the role of Gm4419 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. To study this, we first established a rat model of hepatic I/R, and a BRL-3A cell model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) for in vivo and in vitro studies. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin and hepatic injury scores were used to evaluate the degree of hepatic I/R injury. Cell apoptosis was assessed via staining with Edu, and with annexin V-FITC-propidium iodide assays. The interactions between Gm4419 and miR-455, as well as miR-455 and SOX6 were evaluated via luciferase reporter activity assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In vivo, we found that Gm4419 was up-regulated in the rats subjected to I/R. Moreover, knockdown of Gm4419 alleviated the I/R-induced liver damage in the rats. In vitro, knockdown of Gm4419 alleviated H/R-induced apoptosis in BRL-3A cells. Interestingly, we found that miR-455 is a target of Gm4419, and Gm4419 regulates the expression of miR-455 via sponging. Furthermore, SOX6 was proven to be the target of miR-455. Finally, rescue experiments confirmed that knockdown of Gm4419 inhibits apoptosis by regulating miR-455 and SOX6 in H/R-treated BRL-3A cells. Therefore, our findings show that the lncRNA Gm4419 accelerates hepatic I/R injury by targeting the miR-455-SOX6 axis, which suggests a novel therapeutic target for hepatic I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Ying
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China.,Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China.,Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China.,Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China
| | - Luoluo Wang
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China.,Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China.,Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315040, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular machinery and interplay of apoptosis and autophagy in coronary heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:27-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, Liu Q, Kitsis RN. Fundamental Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death and Implications for Heart Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1765-1817. [PMID: 31364924 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated necrosis (necroptosis), mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death. This is followed by a dissection of the roles of these cell death programs in the major cardiac syndromes: myocardial infarction and heart failure. The most important conclusion relevant to heart disease is that regulated forms of cardiomyocyte death play important roles in both myocardial infarction with reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion) and heart failure. While a role for apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion cannot be excluded, regulated forms of necrosis, through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, are critical. Ferroptosis and parthanatos are also likely important in ischemia/reperfusion, although it is unclear if these entities are functioning as independent death programs or as amplification mechanisms for necrotic cell death. Pyroptosis may also contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury, but potentially through effects in non-cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte loss through apoptosis and necrosis is also an important component in the pathogenesis of heart failure and is mediated by both death receptor and mitochondrial signaling. Roles for immunogenic cell death in cardiac disease remain to be defined but merit study in this era of immune checkpoint cancer therapy. Biology-based approaches to inhibit cell death in the various cardiac syndromes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Del Re
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dulguun Amgalan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Lu L, Zhang Q, Zhu R, Wang W. A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:5115-5124. [PMID: 28950815 PMCID: PMC6340156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170925163427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and it is the end stage of sev-eral cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the management of heart failure for a long time. Only until recently, well-designed clinical trials have been put into practice to study the efficacies of Chinese herbs. Extensive studies have also been carried out to explore the under-lying mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of Chinese herbs. In this study, we will summarize the frequently used Chinese herbs, formulae and patent Chinese drugs in treating patients with heart failure and review published clinical evaluations of Chinese herbs in treating cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which Chinese herbs exert cardio-protective effects will also be reviewed. In the end, we will point out the limitations of current studies and challenges facing modernization of traditional Chi-nese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Lu
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reshma PL, Binu P, Anupama N, Vineetha RC, Abhilash S, Nair RH, Raghu KG. Pretreatment of Tribulus terrestris L. causes anti-ischemic cardioprotection through MAPK mediated anti-apoptotic pathway in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1342-1352. [PMID: 30841448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation is the evaluation and elucidation of the mechanisms by which Tribulus terrestris L. methanol extract (TTM) devoid of fruit exhibits protection against cardiac ischemia in in vitro (H9c2 cell line) and in vivo (Wistar rat) model. Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) was used in this study to evaluate the efficacy against cardiac ischemia employing in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia. H9c2 cells were used for the in vitro induction of ischemia. Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) weighing 180-220 g were used for the in vivo experiments. ECG and clinically relevant cardiac biomarkers like serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine kinase, serum creatinine kinase myocardial B fraction, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were analysed to evaluate efficacy in the rat. For elucidation of molecular mechanisms of its beneficial activity in vitro, expression of apoptotic markers like Bax, Bad, Bcl-2 and signalling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinases like p38α, JNK, and Akt were studied. Tribulus terrestris L. was found effective against cardiac ischemia in the rat which was evident from ECG and various cardiac biomarkers analysis. Tribulus terrestris L. was found to act through the mitogen-activated signalling pathway leading to prevention of apoptosis during ischemic insult. The beneficial effect of Tribulus terrestris L. against cardiac ischemia was seen both in in vitro and in vivo models via its anti-apoptotic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Reshma
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - P Binu
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Nair Anupama
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - R C Vineetha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - S Abhilash
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - R Harikumaran Nair
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hammarsten O, Mair J, Möckel M, Lindahl B, Jaffe AS. Possible mechanisms behind cardiac troponin elevations. Biomarkers 2018; 23:725-734. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1490969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III – Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Möckel
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan S. Jaffe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Medical School, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Postischemic application of estrogen ameliorates myocardial damage in an in vivo mouse model. J Surg Res 2018; 231:366-372. [PMID: 30278955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioprotection provided by estrogen has been recognized for many years. It is noteworthy that most of these studies employ a means of preinjury application in experimental research and the preventive usage in clinical studies. Compared to pretreatment, postischemic administration of estrogen will be more practical in treating myocardial ischemia. On the other hand, defect in circadian clock gene period2 (Per2) has been shown to aggravate ischemia-induced heart damage. Given that Per2 expression decreases as a consequence of menopause, in this study, we aim to determine (1) potential improvement of myocardial function by postischemic administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) using an in vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and (2) the role of E2 in regulating myocardial Per2 expression following I/R. METHODS Thirty-minute occlusion of left anterior descending artery followed by 24-h reperfusion was performed on adult C57BL ovariectomized female mice. Groups (n = 3-6/group) were as follows: (1) Sham, (2) I/R + vehicle, and (3) I/R + E2. Vehicle or 0.5 mg/kg of E2 was subcutaneously injected right after 30-min ischemia. Following 24-h reperfusion, myocardial function was determined. Heart tissue was collected for analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and Per2 expression by Western blotting, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS I/R significantly impaired left ventricular function and increased myocardial levels of active caspase-3, IL-1β, and IL-6. Importantly, postischemic treatment of E2 markedly restored I/R-depressed myocardial function, reduced caspase-3 activation, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Intriguingly, a trend of the decreased Per2 level was observed in ovariectomized female hearts subjected to I/R, whereas E2 treatment upregulated myocardial Per2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the initial evidence that postischemic administration of E2 effectively preserves the myocardium against I/R injury and this protective effect of E2 may involve upregulation of Per2 in ischemic heart.
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu S, Wu N, Miao J, Huang Z, Li X, Jia P, Guo Y, Jia D. Protective effect of morin on myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1379-1390. [PMID: 29956744 PMCID: PMC6089753 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morin, a natural flavonol, exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in various pathological and physiological processes. However, whether morin exerts a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effect of morin on MIRI in cultured cardiomyocytes and isolated rat hearts, and to additionally explore the underlying mechanism. The effect of morin on the viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, and cardiac function and infarct size of rat hearts following ischemia/reperfusion in an animal model were measured. Furthermore, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the change in the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 and mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins following MPTP opening were also detected. The results indicated that morin treatment significantly increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity and cell apoptosis, improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased the myocardial infarct size. Furthermore, morin treatment markedly inhibited MPTP opening, prevented the decrease of ΔΨm, and decreased the expression of cytochrome c, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, caspase-9, caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. However, these beneficial effects were reversed by treatment with atractyloside, an MPTP opener. The present study demonstrated that morin may prevent MIRI by inhibiting MPTP opening and revealed the possible mechanism of the cardioprotection of morin and its acting target. It also provided an important theoretical basis for the research on drug interventions for MIRI in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou H, Wang S, Hu S, Chen Y, Ren J. ER-Mitochondria Microdomains in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Fresh Perspective. Front Physiol 2018; 9:755. [PMID: 29962971 PMCID: PMC6013587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is pivotal to the maintenance of an array of physiological processes. The physical contact and association between ER and mitochondria, known as the ER–mitochondria microdomains or mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), temporally and spatially regulates the mitochondria/ER structure and function. More evidence suggests a role for MAMs in energy production, cellular contraction and mobility, and normal extracellular signal transmission. In pathological states, such as cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R injury), this ER–mitochondria microdomains may act to participate in the cellular redox imbalance, ER stress, mitochondrial injury, energy deletion, and programmed cell death. From a therapeutic perspective, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenic ER–mitochondria contact should help to identify potential therapeutic target for cardiac I/R injury and other cardiovascular diseases and also pave the road to new treatment modalities pertinent for the treatment of reperfusion damage in clinical practice. This review will mainly focus on the possible signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the ER–mitochondria contact. In particular, we will summarize the downstream signaling modalities influenced by ER–mitochondria microdomains, for example, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, calcium balance, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Shunying Hu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He Y, Li C, Ma Q, Chen S. Esculetin inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Liu GS, Gardner G, Adly G, Jiang M, Cai WF, Lam CK, Alogaili F, Robbins N, Rubinstein J, Kranias EG. A novel human S10F-Hsp20 mutation induces lethal peripartum cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3911-3919. [PMID: 29761889 PMCID: PMC6050507 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) has been shown to be a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte survival upon cardiac stress. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of a novel human Hsp20 mutation (S10F) in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Previous findings showed that cardiac-specific overexpression of this mutant were associated with reduced autophagy, left ventricular dysfunction and early death in male mice. However, this study indicates that females have normal function with no alterations in autophagy but died within a week after 1-4 pregnancies. Further examination of mutant females revealed left ventricular chamber dilation and hypertrophic remodelling. Echocardiography demonstrated increases in left ventricular end-systolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume, while ejection fraction and fractional shortening were depressed following pregnancy. Subsequent studies revealed that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was elevated in mutant female hearts after the third delivery, associated with decreases in the levels of Bcl-2/Bax and Akt phosphorylation. These results indicate that the human S10F mutant is associated with dysregulation of cell survival signalling, accelerated heart failure and early death post-partum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Adly
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fawzi Alogaili
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tanaka K, Soto-Gutierrez A, Navarro-Alvarez N, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Jun HS, Kobayashi N. Functional Hepatocyte Culture and its Application to Cell Therapies. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:855-64. [PMID: 17299989 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Berry and Friend developed methods to isolate hepatocytes from the liver by a collagenase digestion technique in 1969, studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated that hepatocyte transplantation could potentially be used for the treatment of liver failure and inborn errors of liver-based metabolism. Healthy human hepatocytes are an ideal source for hepatocyte transplantation; however, their relative scarcity is one of the major drawbacks, further compounded by the competing demands of liver transplantation. Notably, most of the hepatocytes are isolated from discarded livers that are not suitable for organ transplantation for a variety of reasons, including excessive fat content. Importantly, the hepatocyte isolation procedure itself exerts major stress on hepatocytes by the disruption of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix contacts, resulting in hepatocytic apoptosis. Prevention of apoptosis would maximize yield of healthy cells and maintain hepatocyte differentiated function in culture. In this review, we describe methods to prevent apoptosis by utilizing both antiapoptotic molecules and matrices. We also introduce a new type of liver tissue engineering, hepatocyte sheet transplantation, which utilizes unwoven cloth having a cellular adhesive property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Briasoulis A, Androulakis E, Christophides T, Tousoulis D. The role of inflammation and cell death in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2016; 21:169-76. [PMID: 26872673 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation underlies a variety of seemingly unrelated conditions including coronary artery disease. The interest in exploring the role of inflammation in heart failure (CHF) arises from earlier observations that circulating pro-inflammatory biomarker levels are elevated in patients with both ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies and correlate with severity of disease and prognosis (McMurray et al. in Eur Heart J 33:1787-1847, 2012; Mosterd and Hoes in Heart 93:1137-1146, 2007; Owan et al. in New Engl J Med 355:251-259, 2006). In acute decompensated HF, pro-inflammatory biomarker levels have been associated with mortality and readmission rates (Cowie et al. in Heart 83:505-510, 2000). Similar to neurohormonal activation and inflammation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is a response to stress in an attempt to restore cellular function. However, sustained expression and exposure to cytokines can lead to left ventricular dysfunction, negative inotropic effects, altered cardiac metabolism, myocardial remodelling and HF progression. However, it is unclear whether elevated levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, signify an ongoing inflammatory process that leads to HF progression, or are merely markers of advanced disease. Beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis antagonists, statins and immunosuppressants have been found to decrease the levels of cytokines in small clinical studies of patients with HF (Hobbs et al. in Heart J 28:1128-1134, 2007). However, 'immunomodulatory' approaches applied in the RECOVER, RENAISSANCE, ATTACH, IMAC and ACCLAIM double-blind, placebo-controlled studies had neutral or negative effects on outcomes of patients with HF. In the present review, we focus on the role of inflammation in pathogenesis and progression of the HF, the value of pro-inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic applications of immunomodulation in HF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Androulakis
- Division of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Christophides
- Division of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Division of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kankeu C, Clarke K, Passante E, Huber HJ. Doxorubicin-induced chronic dilated cardiomyopathy-the apoptosis hypothesis revisited. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:239-248. [PMID: 27933370 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) has significantly increased survival rates of pediatric and adult cancer patients. However, 10% of pediatric cancer survivors will 10-20 years later develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), whereby the exact molecular mechanisms of disease progression after this long latency time remain puzzling. We here revisit the hypothesis that elevated apoptosis signaling or its increased likelihood after DOX exposure can lead to an impairment of cardiac function and cause a cardiac dilation. Based on recent literature evidence, we first argue why a dilated phenotype can occur when little apoptosis is detected. We then review findings suggesting that mature cardiomyocytes are protected against DOX-induced apoptosis downstream, but not upstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). This lack of MOMP induction is proposed to alter the metabolic phenotype, induce hypertrophic remodeling, and lead to functional cardiac impairment even in the absence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We discuss findings that DOX exposure can lead to increased sensitivity to further cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which may cause a gradual loss in cardiomyocytes over time and a compensatory hypertrophic remodeling after treatment, potentially explaining the long lag time in disease onset. We finally note similarities between DOX-exposed cardiomyocytes and apoptosis-primed cancer cells and propose computational system biology as a tool to predict patient individual DOX doses. In conclusion, combining recent findings in rodent hearts and cardiomyocytes exposed to DOX with insights from apoptosis signal transduction allowed us to obtain a molecularly deeper insight in this delayed and still enigmatic pathology of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kankeu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kylie Clarke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Egle Passante
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li F, Zheng X, Fan X, Zhai K, Tan Y, Kou J, Yu B. YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis Through AMPK Activation. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:495-508. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adiponectin protects the rats liver against chronic intermittent hypoxia induced injury through AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34151. [PMID: 27678302 PMCID: PMC5039704 DOI: 10.1038/srep34151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the liver, the associated mechanisms and the potential therapeutic roles of adiponectin (Ad). Sixty rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the normal control (NC), NC and Ad supplement (NC + Ad), CIH, and CIH and Ad supplement (CIH + Ad) groups. The rats in the CIH and CIH + Ad groups were exposed to a hypoxic environment for 4 months. Rats in the NC + Ad and CIH + Ad groups were also treated with an intravenous injection of Ad (10 ug), twice a week. The plasma levels of hepatic enzymes, serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and hepatic cell apoptosis in hepatic tissue, were higher in the CIH group than in the NC and NC + Ad groups. However, the Ad supplementation in the CIH + Ad group rescued the hepatic tissue insult by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In conclusion, Ad could protect against CIH-induced hepatic injury partly through the AMPK pathway.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan G, Yu J, Asare PF, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhu Y, Gao X. Danshensu alleviates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis via activation of mTOR signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1908-19. [PMID: 27385290 PMCID: PMC5020629 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Danshensu (DSS) has a protective effect on cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the DSS action remain undefined. We investigated the potential role of DSS in autophagy and apoptosis using cardiac I/R injury models of cardiomyocytes and isolated rat hearts. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to 6 hrs of hypoxia followed by 18 hrs of reoxygenation to induce cell damage. The isolated rat hearts were used to perform global ischaemia for 30 min., followed by 60 min. reperfusion. Ischaemia/reperfusion injury decreased the haemodynamic parameters on cardiac function, damaged cardiomyocytes or even caused cell death. Pre-treatment of DSS significantly improved cell survival and protected against I/R-induced deterioration of cardiac function. The improved cell survival upon DSS treatment was associated with activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (as manifested by increased phosphorylation of S6K and S6), which was accompanied with attenuated autophagy flux and decreased expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins (including p62, LC3-II, Beclin-1, Bax, and Caspase-3) at both protein and mRNA levels. These results suggest that alleviation of cardiac I/R injury by pre-treatment with DSS may be attributable to inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Fordjour Asare
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Murphy E, Ardehali H, Balaban RS, DiLisa F, Dorn GW, Kitsis RN, Otsu K, Ping P, Rizzuto R, Sack MN, Wallace D, Youle RJ. Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1960-91. [PMID: 27126807 PMCID: PMC6398603 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
39
|
Gronbeck KR, Rodrigues CMP, Mahmoudi J, Bershad EM, Ling G, Bachour SP, Divani AA. Application of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid for Treatment of Neurological and Non-neurological Diseases: Is There a Potential for Treating Traumatic Brain Injury? Neurocrit Care 2016; 25:153-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-015-0225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
40
|
Levy E, Kornowski R, Gavrieli R, Fratty I, Greenberg G, Waldman M, Birk E, Shainberg A, Akirov A, Miskin R, Hochhauser E. Long-Lived αMUPA Mice Show Attenuation of Cardiac Aging and Leptin-Dependent Cardioprotection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144593. [PMID: 26673217 PMCID: PMC4681471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
αMUPA transgenic mice spontaneously consume less food compared with their wild type (WT) ancestors due to endogenously increased levels of the satiety hormone leptin. αMUPA mice share many benefits with mice under caloric restriction (CR) including an extended life span. To understand mechanisms linked to cardiac aging, we explored the response of αMUPA hearts to ischemic conditions at the age of 6, 18, or 24 months. Mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo and to ischemia/reperfusion ex vivo. Compared to WT mice, αMUPA showed functional and histological advantages under all experimental conditions. At 24 months, none of the WT mice survived the first ischemic day while αMUPA mice demonstrated 50% survival after 7 ischemic days. Leptin, an adipokine decreasing under CR, was consistently ~60% higher in αMUPA sera at baseline. Leptin levels gradually increased in both genotypes 24h post MI but were doubled in αMUPA. Pretreatment with leptin neutralizing antibodies or with inhibitors of leptin signaling (AG-490 and Wortmannin) abrogated the αMUPA benefits. The antibodies also reduced phosphorylation of the leptin signaling components STAT3 and AKT specifically in the αMUPA myocardium. αMUPA mice did not show elevation in adiponectin, an adipokine previously implicated in CR-induced cardioprotection. WT mice treated for short-term CR exhibited cardioprotection similar to that of αMUPA, however, along with increased adiponectin at baseline. Collectively, the results demonstrate a life-long increased ischemic tolerance in αMUPA mice, indicating the attenuation of cardiac aging. αMUPA cardioprotection is mediated through endogenous leptin, suggesting a protective pathway distinct from that elicited under CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Levy
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Cardiology Dept., Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Reut Gavrieli
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Fratty
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Waldman
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Einat Birk
- Cardiology Dept. and Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amit Akirov
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ruth Miskin
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is defined as sudden ischemic death of myocardial tissue. In the clinical context, myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affected myocardium and causes rapid depression of systolic function. Prolonged myocardial ischemia activates a "wavefront" of cardiomyocyte death that extends from the subendocardium to the subepicardium. Mitochondrial alterations are prominently involved in apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes in the infarcted heart. The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, thus the infarcted myocardium heals through formation of a scar. Infarct healing is dependent on an inflammatory cascade, triggered by alarmins released by dying cells. Clearance of dead cells and matrix debris by infiltrating phagocytes activates anti-inflammatory pathways leading to suppression of cytokine and chemokine signaling. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and release of transforming growth factor-β induce conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, promoting deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Infarct healing is intertwined with geometric remodeling of the chamber, characterized by dilation, hypertrophy of viable segments, and progressive dysfunction. This review manuscript describes the molecular signals and cellular effectors implicated in injury, repair, and remodeling of the infarcted heart, the mechanistic basis of the most common complications associated with myocardial infarction, and the pathophysiologic effects of established treatment strategies. Moreover, we discuss the implications of pathophysiological insights in design and implementation of new promising therapeutic approaches for patients with myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Krahe TE, Medina AE, Lantz CL, Filgueiras CC. Hyperactivity and depression-like traits in Bax KO mice. Brain Res 2015; 1625:246-54. [PMID: 26363094 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Bax gene is a member of the Bcl-2 gene family and its pro-apoptotic Bcl-associated X (Bax) protein is believed to be crucial in regulating apoptosis during neuronal development as well as following injury. With the advent of mouse genomics, mice lacking the pro-apoptotic Bax gene (Bax KO) have been extensively used to study how cell death helps to determine synaptic circuitry formation during neurodevelopment and disease. Surprisingly, in spite of its wide use and the association of programmed neuronal death with motor dysfunctions and depression, the effects of Bax deletion on mice spontaneous locomotor activity and depression-like traits are unknown. Here we examine the behavioral characteristics of Bax KO male mice using classical paradigms to evaluate spontaneous locomotor activity and depressive-like responses. In the open field, Bax KO animals exhibited greater locomotor activity than their control littermates. In the forced swimming test, Bax KO mice displayed greater immobility times, a behavior despair state, when compared to controls. Collectively, our findings corroborate the notion that a fine balance between cell survival and death early during development is critical for normal brain function later in life. Furthermore, it points out the importance of considering depressive-like and hyperactivity behavioral phenotypes when conducting neurodevelopmental and other studies using the Bax KO strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Krahe
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, USA
| | | | - Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Cláudio C Filgueiras
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dan H, Zhang L, Qin X, Peng X, Wong M, Tan X, Yu S, Fang N. Moutan cortex extract exerts protective effects in a rat model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:245-50. [PMID: 26610043 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Moutan cortex (MC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with diverse biological effects. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of MC on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats and to explore its possible mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MC extract (1.98 g/kg, i.g.) for 14 days and underwent a subsequent open-chest procedure involving 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. The cardioprotective effect of MC was demonstrated by reduced infarct size and marked improvement in the histopathological examination. The increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that MC effectively promoted the anti-oxidative defense system. Increased anti-oxidative defense was accompanied by decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). The reduction in TUNEL-positive myocytes demonstrated that MC decreased myocardial apoptosis. The mRNA expression of B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) was upregulated by MC and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA expression was increased. MC pretreatment decreased the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The data from this study suggest that MC exerted protective effects on acute myocardial I/R injury via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Dan
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Qin
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyan Wong
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription (Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 1 Huang-jia-hu, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Tan
- b Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanggong Yu
- c Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Nianbai Fang
- c Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.,d Departments of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Badalzadeh R, Mokhtari B, Yavari R. Contribution of apoptosis in myocardial reperfusion injury and loss of cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:201-15. [PMID: 25726180 PMCID: PMC10717803 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow of the myocardium declines, leading to cardiomyocyte death. However, reperfusion of ischemic regions decreases the rate of mortality, but it can also cause later complications. In a clinical setting, ischemic heart disease is always coincident with other co-morbidities such as diabetes. The risk of heart disease increases 2-3 times in diabetic patients. Apoptosis is considered to be one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Diabetes can disrupt the anti-apoptotic intracellular signaling cascades involved in myocardial protection. Therefore, targeting these changes may be an effective cardioprotective approach in the diabetic myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, we review the interaction of diabetes with the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, focusing on the contribution of apoptosis in this context, and then discuss the alterations of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic pathways probably responsible for the loss of cardioprotection in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badalzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raana Yavari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brown DI, Griendling KK. Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2015; 116:531-49. [PMID: 25634975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been elucidated. Signaling pathways modulated by ROS are complex and compartmentalized, and we are only beginning to identify the molecular modifications of specific targets. Here, we review the current literature on ROS signaling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the role of ROS in normal physiology and how dysregulation of signaling circuits contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In particular, we consider how ROS modulate signaling pathways related to phenotypic modulation, migration and adhesion, contractility, proliferation and hypertrophy, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and senescence. Understanding the specific targets of ROS may guide the development of the next generation of ROS-modifying therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Euler G. Good and bad sides of TGFβ-signaling in myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25788886 PMCID: PMC4349055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevailing cause of death in industrial countries. In spite of the good opportunities we have nowadays in interventional cardiology to reopen the clotted coronary arteries for reperfusion of ischemic areas, post-infarct remodeling emerges and contributes to unfavorable structural conversion processes in the myocardium, finally resulting in heart failure. The growth factor TGFβ is upregulated during these processes. In this review, an overview on the functional role of TGFβ signaling in the process of cardiac remodeling is given, as it can influence apoptosis, fibrosis and hypertrophy thereby predominantly aggravating ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Wang Z, Wang Y, Ye J, Lu X, Cheng Y, Xiang L, Chen L, Feng W, Shi H, Yu X, Lin L, Zhang H, Xiao J, Li X. bFGF attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion via activation of PI3K/Akt/ERK1/2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:595-607. [PMID: 25533999 PMCID: PMC4369816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research focused on finding effective strategies to prevent or improve recovery from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to have therapeutic potential in some heart disorders, including ischaemic injury. In this study, we demonstrate that bFGF administration can inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced in the heart in a mouse model of I/R injury. In vitro, bFGF exerts a protective effect by inhibiting the ER stress response and mitochondrial dysfunction proteins that are induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment. Both of these in vivo and in vitro effects are related to the activation of two downstream signalling pathways, PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2. Inhibition of these PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways by specific inhibitors, LY294002 and PD98059, partially reduces the protective effect of bFGF. Taken together, our results indicate that the cardioprotective role of bFGF involves the suppression of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemic oxidative damage models and oxidative stress-induced H9C2 cell injury; furthermore, these effects underlie the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouguang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China; School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Co-expression of POU4F2/Brn-3b with p53 may be important for controlling expression of pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocytes following ischaemic/hypoxic insults. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1503. [PMID: 25356872 PMCID: PMC4649532 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte death following ischaemic/hypoxic injury causes irreversible damage to cardiac function and contributes to chronic diseases such as heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms associated with myocyte loss under these conditions can help to identify strategies to minimise/abrogate such detrimental effects. The p53 protein can induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, but effects on cell fate depend on interactions with other regulators such as POU4F2/Brn-3b (Brn-3b), which co-operates with p53 to increase the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. In contrast, the related POU4F1/Brn-3a (Brn-3a) blocks p53-mediated apoptosis but co-operates with p53 to enhance cell cycle arrest. In this study, we showed that permanent coronary artery ligation in mouse hearts, which induced apoptotic markers, activated caspase-3 and -8 and necroptosis markers; RIP-1 and -3 also increased Brn-3b and Brn-3a expression. However, Brn-3a was only detected in uninjured myocardium but not at the site of injury, whereas Brn-3b showed generalised increase, including within the infarct zone. Conversely, p53 was detected in the infarct zone and in some cells adjacent to the site of injury but not in uninjured myocardium. Co-localisation studies showed Brn-3a co-expression with p53 in cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infarct zone, whereas Brn-3b was co-localised with p53 in the infarct zone only. Increased Brn-3b and p53 correlated with elevated expression of pro-apoptotic target genes, Bax, Noxa and PUMA, whereas cleaved caspase-3 confirmed the presence of apoptotic cells within this region of the injured heart. Similarly, simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation (sI/R) injury in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM) and heart derived H9c2 myoblasts increased Brn-3b, p53 as well as apoptotic genes, and this was associated with enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, targeted reduction of Brn-3b using shRNA caused reduction in pro-apoptotic Bax and Noxa proteins, even though p53 expression remained intact, suggesting that Brn-3b is important for controlling the fate of the myocardium in the injured heart.
Collapse
|
50
|
Dorn GW, Kitsis RN. The mitochondrial dynamism-mitophagy-cell death interactome: multiple roles performed by members of a mitochondrial molecular ensemble. Circ Res 2014; 116:167-82. [PMID: 25323859 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial research is experiencing a renaissance, in part, because of the recognition that these endosymbiotic descendants of primordial protobacteria seem to be pursuing their own biological agendas. Not only is mitochondrial metabolism required to produce most of the biochemical energy that supports their eukaryotic hosts (us) but mitochondria can actively (through apoptosis and programmed necrosis) or passively (through reactive oxygen species toxicity) drive cellular dysfunction or demise. The cellular mitochondrial collective autoregulates its population through biogenic renewal and mitophagic culling; mitochondrial fission and fusion, 2 components of mitochondrial dynamism, are increasingly recognized as playing central roles as orchestrators of these processes. Mitochondrial dynamism is rare in striated muscle cells, so cardiac-specific genetic manipulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion factors has proven useful for revealing noncanonical functions of mitochondrial dynamics proteins. Here, we review newly described functions of mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in cardiac mitochondrial quality control, cell death, calcium signaling, and cardiac development. A mechanistic conceptual paradigm is proposed in which cell death and selective organelle culling are not distinct processes, but are components of a unified and integrated quality control mechanism that exerts different effects when invoked to different degrees, depending on pathophysiological context. This offers a plausible explanation for seemingly paradoxical expression of mitochondrial dynamics and death factors in cardiomyocytes wherein mitochondrial morphometric remodeling does not normally occur and the ability to recover from cell suicide is severely limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (G.W.D.); and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.).
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (G.W.D.); and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|