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Bharath LP, Cho JM, Park SK, Ruan T, Li Y, Mueller R, Bean T, Reese V, Richardson RS, Cai J, Sargsyan A, Pires K, Anandh Babu PV, Boudina S, Graham TE, Symons JD. Endothelial Cell Autophagy Maintains Shear Stress-Induced Nitric Oxide Generation via Glycolysis-Dependent Purinergic Signaling to Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1646-1656. [PMID: 28684613 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired endothelial cell (EC) autophagy compromises shear stress-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation. We determined the responsible mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS On autophagy compromise in bovine aortic ECs exposed to shear stress, a decrease in glucose uptake and EC glycolysis attenuated ATP production. We hypothesized that decreased glycolysis-dependent purinergic signaling via P2Y1 (P2Y purinoceptor 1) receptors, secondary to impaired autophagy in ECs, prevents shear-induced phosphorylation of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) at its positive regulatory site S1117 (p-eNOSS1177) and NO generation. Maneuvers that restore glucose transport and glycolysis (eg, overexpression of GLUT1 [glucose transporter 1]) or purinergic signaling (eg, addition of exogenous ADP) rescue shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO production in ECs with impaired autophagy. Conversely, inhibiting glucose transport via GLUT1 small interfering RNA, blocking purinergic signaling via ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP/ADP degradation (eg, apyrase), or inhibiting P2Y1 receptors using pharmacological (eg, MRS2179 [2'-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate tetrasodium salt]) or genetic (eg, P2Y1-receptor small interfering RNA) procedures inhibit shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Supporting a central role for PKCδT505 (protein kinase C delta T505) in relaying the autophagy-dependent purinergic-mediated signal to eNOS, we find that (1) shear stress-induced activating phosphorylation of PKCδT505 is negated by inhibiting autophagy, (2) shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation are restored in autophagy-impaired ECs via pharmacological (eg, bryostatin) or genetic (eg, constitutively active PKCδ) activation of PKCδT505, and (3) pharmacological (eg, rottlerin) and genetic (eg, PKCδ small interfering RNA) PKCδ inhibition prevents shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Key nodes of dysregulation in this pathway on autophagy compromise were revealed in human arterial ECs. CONCLUSIONS Targeted reactivation of purinergic signaling and PKCδ has strategic potential to restore compromised NO generation in pathologies associated with suppressed EC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Jae Min Cho
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Ting Ruan
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Youyou Li
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Robert Mueller
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Tyler Bean
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Van Reese
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Russel S Richardson
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Jinjin Cai
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Karla Pires
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Sihem Boudina
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Timothy E Graham
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - J David Symons
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.).
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