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Lee DS, Jiang T, Crocker J, Way BM. Can Inflammation Predict Social Media Use? Linking a Biological Marker of Systemic Inflammation with Social Media Use Among College Students and Middle-Aged Adults. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:1-10. [PMID: 37224891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drawing on recent evidence that inflammation may promote social affiliative motivation, the present research proposes a novel perspective that inflammation may be associated with more social media use. In a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample, Study 1 (N = 863) found a positive association between C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, and the amount of social media use by middle-aged adults. Study 2 (N = 228) showed that among college students CRP was prospectively associated with more social media use 6 weeks later. Providing stronger evidence of the directionality of this effect, Study 3 (N = 171) showed that in college students CRP predicted increased social media use in the subsequent week even after controlling for current week's use. Additionally, in exploratory analyses of CRP and different types of social media use in the same week, CRP was only associated with using social media for social interaction and not for other purposes (e.g., entertainment). The present research sheds light on the social effects of inflammation and highlights potential benefits of using social media as a context for studying the impact of inflammation on social motivation and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lee
- University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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2
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Jolink TA, Way BM, Younge A, Oveis C, Algoe SB. Everyday co-presence with a romantic partner is associated with lower C-reactive protein. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:132-139. [PMID: 36126852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social relationships are an important driver of health, and inflammation has been proposed as a key neurobiological mechanism to explain this effect. Behavioral researchers have focused on social relationship quality to further explain the association, yet recent research indicates that relationship quality may not be as robust a predictor as previously thought. Here, building on animal models of social bonds and recent theory on close relationships, we instead investigated merely being in the physical presence of one's romantic partner. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that spending more time co-present with a loved partner in everyday life would be associated with lower C-reactive protein (CRP). Three times over the course of one month, 100 people in romantic relationships reported how much time they spent in the same physical space as their partner in the prior 24 h, in minutes, and provided a sample of blood for CRP assay (n observations = 296). Results from multi-level models showed that when one reported spending more time in the physical presence of their partner they had lower CRP - an effect that was independent from social relationship quality explanations from the prior literature, including romantic relationship quality, hostility, and loneliness. These findings move past global assessments of social isolation to consider a novel everyday behavior that is of great interest in the non-human animal literature - spending time together -- as a potential mechanism linking high-quality relationships and physical health in adult humans. The findings also point to future research on additional behavioral mechanisms that are not dependent on stress pathways: people in high-quality relationships tend to spend enjoyable and affectionate time with one another, which may impact inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum A Jolink
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Baldwin M Way
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ayana Younge
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Oveis
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara B Algoe
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Peracaula M, Torres D, Poyatos P, Luque N, Rojas E, Obrador A, Orriols R, Tura-Ceide O. Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review Article. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040537. [PMID: 35455027 PMCID: PMC9025914 DOI: 10.3390/life12040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory condition during sleep caused by repeated pauses in breathing due to upper airway obstruction. It is estimated that OSA affects 30% of the population, but only 10% are well diagnosed due to the absence of a well-defined symptomatology and poor screening tools for early diagnosis. OSA is associated to an endothelial dysfunction inducing several biological responses such as hypoxia, hypercapnia and oxidative stress, among others. OSA also triggers respiratory, nervous, metabolic, humoral and immunity system activations that increase the possibility of suffering a cardiovascular (CV) disease. In this review, we expose different studies that show the relationship between OSA and endothelial dysfunction and its association with CV pathologies like hypertension, and we define the most well-known treatments and their limitations. Additionally, we describe the potential future directions in OSA research, and we report clinical features such as endothelial progenitor cell alterations that could act as biomarkers for the development of new diagnostic tools and target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peracaula
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniela Torres
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Paula Poyatos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Neus Luque
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Eric Rojas
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Anton Obrador
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Ramon Orriols
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (O.T.-C.); Tel.: +34-972941343 (R.O.); +34-633448238 (O.T.-C.)
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (D.T.); (P.P.); (N.L.); (E.R.); (A.O.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (O.T.-C.); Tel.: +34-972941343 (R.O.); +34-633448238 (O.T.-C.)
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4
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Mitchell A, Fujisawa T, Mills NL, Brittan M, Newby DE, Cruden NLM. Endothelial Progenitor Cell Biology and Vascular Recovery Following Transradial Cardiac Catheterization. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006610. [PMID: 29080864 PMCID: PMC5721759 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transradial catheterization is associated with radial artery injury and vasomotor dysfunction and represents an accessible model of acute vascular injury in humans. We characterized vascular injury and functional recovery to understand the role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair. METHODS AND RESULTS In 50 patients (aged 64±10 years, 70% male) undergoing transradial cardiac catheterization, radial artery injury was assessed by optical coherence tomography and examination of explanted vascular sheaths. Flow- and nitrate-mediated dilatation of the radial artery was assessed in both arms at baseline, at 24 hours, and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Circulating endothelial progenitor cell populations were quantified using flow cytometry. Late endothelial outgrowth colonies were isolated and examined in vitro. Optical coherence tomography identified macroscopic injury in 12 of 50 patients (24%), but endothelial cells (1.9±1.2×104 cells) were isolated from all arterial sheaths examined. Compared with the noncatheterized radial artery, flow-mediated vasodilatation was impaired in the catheterized artery at 24 hours (9.9±4.6% versus 4.1±3.1%, P<0.0001) and recovered by 12 weeks (8.1±4.9% versus 10.1±4.9%, P=0.09). Although the number of CD133+ cells increased 24 hours after catheterization (P=0.02), the numbers of CD34+ cells and endothelial outgrowth colonies were unchanged. Migration of endothelial cells derived from endothelial outgrowth colonies correlated with arterial function before catheterization but was not related to recovery of function following injury. CONCLUSIONS Transradial cardiac catheterization causes endothelial denudation, vascular injury, and vasomotor dysfunction that recover over 12 weeks. Recovery of vascular function does not appear to be dependent on the mobilization or function of endothelial progenitor cells. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02147119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mitchell
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Fujisawa
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Brittan
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas L M Cruden
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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The Use of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal and Neural Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1960804. [PMID: 28458693 PMCID: PMC5387841 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1960804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow and blood can differentiate into endothelial cells and promote neovascularization. In addition, EPCs are a promising cell source for the repair of various types of vascularized tissues and have been used in animal experiments and clinical trials for tissue repair. In this review, we focused on the kinetics of endogenous EPCs during tissue repair and the application of EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs for tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal and neural tissues including the bone, skeletal muscle, ligaments, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. EPCs can be mobilized from bone marrow and recruited to injured tissue to contribute to neovascularization and tissue repair. In addition, EPCs or stem cell populations containing EPCs promote neovascularization and tissue repair through their differentiation to endothelial cells or tissue-specific cells, the upregulation of growth factors, and the induction and activation of endogenous stem cells. Human peripheral blood CD34(+) cells containing EPCs have been used in clinical trials of bone repair. Thus, EPCs are a promising cell source for the treatment of musculoskeletal and neural tissue injury.
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6
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Benyamine A, Magalon J, Cointe S, Lacroix R, Arnaud L, Bardin N, Rossi P, Francès Y, Bernard-Guervilly F, Kaplanski G, Harlé JR, Weiller PJ, Berbis P, Braunstein D, Jouve E, Lesavre N, Couranjou F, Dignat-George F, Sabatier F, Paul P, Granel B. Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34 +CD45 - endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:60. [PMID: 28320472 PMCID: PMC5359964 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is reflected by soluble and cellular markers of activation, injury and repair. We aimed to provide a combined assessment of endothelial markers to delineate specific profiles associated with SSc disease and its severity. Methods We conducted an observational, single-centre study comprising 45 patients with SSc and 41 healthy control subjects. Flow cytometry was used to quantify circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and CD34+ progenitor cell subsets. Colony-forming unit-endothelial cells (CFU-ECs) were counted by culture assay. Circulating endothelial cells were enumerated using anti-CD146-based immunomagnetic separation. Blood levels of endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble fractalkine (s-Fractalkine) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease-associated markers were identified using univariate, correlation and multivariate analyses. Results Enhanced numbers of EMPs, CFU-ECs and non-haematopoietic CD34+CD45− endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were observed in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc also displayed higher serum levels of VEGF, endothelin-1 and s-Fractalkine. s-Fractalkine levels positively correlated with CD34+CD45− EPC numbers. EMPs, s-Fractalkine and endothelin-1 were independent factors associated with SSc. Patients with high CD34+CD45− EPC numbers had lower forced vital capacity values. Elevated s-Fractalkine levels were associated with disease severity, a higher frequency of pulmonary fibrosis and altered carbon monoxide diffusion. Conclusions This study identifies the mobilisation of CD34+CD45− EPCs and high levels of s-Fractalkine as specific features of SSc-associated vascular activation and disease severity. This signature may provide novel insights linking endothelial inflammation and defective repair processes in the pathogenesis of SSc. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1271-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Benyamine
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France. .,Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France. .,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, CICBT 1409, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Sylvie Cointe
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Immunology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Yves Francès
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - Fanny Bernard-Guervilly
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Internal Medicine Department, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Jean-Robert Harlé
- Internal Medicine Department, APHM, CHU Timone, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | | | - Philippe Berbis
- Dermatology Department, APHM, CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France
| | - David Braunstein
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Couranjou
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Thérapeutiques, APHM, CHU Timone, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France.,Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, CICBT 1409, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France
| | - Pascale Paul
- Haematology and Vascular Biology Laboratory, APHM, CHU Conception, 13005, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Nord, 13015, Marseilles, France.,Vascular Research Centre of Marseille (VRCM) UMR-S1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385, Marseilles, Cedex, France
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7
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Progenitor Cells for Arterial Repair: Incremental Advancements towards Therapeutic Reality. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8270498. [PMID: 28232850 PMCID: PMC5292398 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8270498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary revascularization remains the standard treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease and can be accomplished by either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Considerable advances have rendered PCI the most common form of revascularization and improved clinical outcomes. However, numerous challenges to modern PCI remain, namely, in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, underscoring the importance of understanding the vessel wall response to injury to identify targets for intervention. Among recent promising discoveries, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have garnered considerable interest given an increasing appreciation of their role in vascular homeostasis and their ability to promote vascular repair after stent placement. Circulating EPC numbers have been inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk, while administration of EPCs in humans has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes. Despite these encouraging results, however, advancing EPCs as a therapeutic modality has been hampered by a fundamental roadblock: what constitutes an EPC? We review current definitions and sources of EPCs as well as the proposed mechanisms of EPC-mediated vascular repair. Additionally, we discuss the current state of EPCs as therapeutic agents, focusing on endogenous augmentation and transplantation.
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8
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Antoniewicz L, Bosson JA, Kuhl J, Abdel-Halim SM, Kiessling A, Mobarrez F, Lundbäck M. Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Sradnick J, Rong S, Luedemann A, Parmentier SP, Bartaun C, Todorov VT, Gueler F, Hugo CP, Hohenstein B. Extrarenal Progenitor Cells Do Not Contribute to Renal Endothelial Repair. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1714-26. [PMID: 26453608 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be relevant contributors to endothelial cell (EC) repair in various organ systems. In this study, we investigated the potential role of EPCs in renal EC repair. We analyzed the major EPC subtypes in murine kidneys, blood, and spleens after induction of selective EC injury using the concanavalin A/anti-concanavalin A model and after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as the potential of extrarenal cells to substitute for injured local EC. Bone marrow transplantation (BMTx), kidney transplantation, or a combination of both were performed before EC injury to allow distinction of extrarenal or BM-derived cells from intrinsic renal cells. During endothelial regeneration, cells expressing markers of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were the most abundant EPC subtype in kidneys, but were not detected in blood or spleen. Few cells expressing markers of EC colony-forming units (EC-CFUs) were detected. In BM chimeric mice (C57BL/6 with tandem dimer Tomato-positive [tdT+] BM cells), circulating and splenic EC-CFUs were BM-derived (tdT+), whereas cells positive for ECFC markers in kidneys were not. Indeed, most BM-derived tdT+ cells in injured kidneys were inflammatory cells. Kidneys from C57BL/6 donors transplanted into tdT+ recipients with or without prior BMTx from C57BL/6 mice were negative for BM-derived or extrarenal ECFCs. Overall, extrarenal cells did not substitute for any intrinsic ECs. These results demonstrate that endothelial repair in mouse kidneys with acute endothelial lesions depends exclusively on local mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sradnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Song Rong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Luedemann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Simon P Parmentier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Bartaun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
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10
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Brittan M, Hunter A, Boulberdaa M, Fujisawa T, Skinner EM, Shah AS, Baker AH, Mills NL. Impaired vascular function and repair in patients with premature coronary artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 22:1557-66. [PMID: 26276790 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315600169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, but the role of local and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in maintaining vascular health is poorly understood. We hypothesised that impaired local and circulating vascular repair mechanisms predispose to endothelial dysfunction and the premature onset of coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with premature coronary artery disease (n = 16) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 16) underwent venous occlusion plethysmography with intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells were directly quantified in whole blood by flow cytometry. Endothelial cells were isolated from the blood vessel wall and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and expanded in vitro for phenotypic and functional characterisation and analysis of microRNA expression levels. A dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow (p < 0.001) was attenuated in response to the endothelial-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine in patients compared with controls (p = 0.03). No differences in the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells or in the phenotype, function or microRNA expression levels of endothelial outgrowth cells isolated from blood were observed in patients and controls. Conversely, local vessel wall endothelial cells from patients had significant impairments in proliferation, adhesion and migration, and significantly reduced expression levels of microRNAs known to regulate endothelial function (miRs -10 a, -let7b, -126 and -181 b) (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Local vessel wall derived endothelial cells, rather than circulating endothelial progenitor cells and their progeny, are impaired in patients with vascular dysfunction and premature coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Brittan
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Hunter
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mounia Boulberdaa
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Takeshi Fujisawa
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Skinner
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anoop Sv Shah
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Paine NJ, Bosch JA, Ring C, Drayson MT, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. Induced mild systemic inflammation is associated with impaired ability to improve cognitive task performance by practice. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:333-41. [PMID: 25366393 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated inflammatory levels are linked to poorer cognition, but experimental confirmation is lacking. This report examined associations between cognitive performance and inflammation induced by exercise and vaccination. Thirty-six (exercise N = 18, vaccination N = 18) healthy males completed a paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT), which is a multifaceted measure of cognitive function. The task was completed in placebo and elevated inflammation states. Improvements in PASAT performance were related to inflammation. In the exercise study, IL-6 during the first PASAT negatively correlated with PASAT improvement (p = .022). In the vaccination study, increases in C-reactive protein between PASATs correlated with reduced PASAT improvement (p < .001). Inflammation was linked to reduced improvements in cognitive performance. Further research should identify the specific cognitive functions affects and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Padfield GJ, Tura-Ceide O, Freyer E, Barclay GR, Turner M, Newby DE, Mills NL. Percutaneous coronary intervention causes a rapid but transient mobilisation of CD34(+)CD45(-) cells. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000047. [PMID: 25332796 PMCID: PMC4189250 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulating CD34+CD45− cell concentrations are increased in patients with coronary artery disease, however their pathophysiological significance is unknown. We determined CD34+CD45− cell concentrations following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in order to explore their role in acute vascular injury. Methods In a prospective time-course analysis, we quantified using flow cytometry circulating CD34+CD45− cells, traditional CD34+VEGFR-2+ putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), CD14+ VEGFR− 2+Tie-2+ angiogenic monocytes and intercellular adhesion molecule expression (CXCR-4 and CD18) in patients, before and during the first week following diagnostic angiography (n=13) or PCI (n=23). Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and C reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by ELISA. Results Unlike diagnostic angiography, PCI increased circulating neutrophil and CRP concentrations at 24 and 48 h, respectively (p<0.002 for both). CD34+CD45− cell concentrations were unaffected by angiography (p>0.4), but were transiently increased 6 h following PCI (median (IQR) 0.93 (0.43–1.49) vs 1.51 (0.96–2.15)×106 cells/L; p=0.01), returning to normal by 24 h. This occurred in the absence of any change in serum VEFG-A concentration, adhesion molecule expression on CD34+ cells, or mobilisation of traditional EPCs or angiogenic monocytes (p>0.1 for all). Conclusions PCI transiently increases circulating CD34+CD45− cells, without increasing CD34+ adhesion molecule expression or VEGF-A concentrations, suggesting that CD34+CD45− cells may be mobilised from the vessel wall directly as a result of mechanical injury. Traditional putative EPC and angiogenic monocytes are unaffected by PCI, and are unlikely to be important in the acute response to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Padfield
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Elizabeth Freyer
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - G Robin Barclay
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Marc Turner
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David E Newby
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , UK
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13
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Paine NJ, Ring C, Bosch JA, Drayson MT, Aldred S, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. Vaccine-induced inflammation attenuates the vascular responses to mental stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:340-8. [PMID: 24998644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with poorer vascular function, with evidence to suggest that inflammation can also impair the vascular responses to mental stress. This study examined the effects of vaccine-induced inflammation on vascular responses to mental stress in healthy participants. Eighteen male participants completed two stress sessions: an inflammation condition having received a typhoid vaccination and a control (non-inflamed) condition. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (p's<.001) increased following vaccination, confirming modest increases in inflammation. Mental stress increased blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output in both conditions (all p's<.001), but the blood flow response to stress was attenuated having received the vaccination compared to the control condition (p's<.05). These results further implicate the interaction between inflammation and the vasculature as a mechanism through which stress may trigger myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher Ring
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jos A Bosch
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine (MIPH), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark T Drayson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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14
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Yuan Q, Bai YP, Shi RZ, Liu SY, Chen XM, Chen L, Li YJ, Hu CP. Regulation of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and function by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 in an asymmetric dimethylarginine-independent manner. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1013-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical College; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 China
| | - Rui-Zheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Xu-Meng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
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15
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Mobarrez F, Antoniewicz L, Bosson JA, Kuhl J, Pisetsky DS, Lundbäck M. The effects of smoking on levels of endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles in the blood of healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90314. [PMID: 24587320 PMCID: PMC3938677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking, both active and passive, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease. To assess the impact of brief smoking on the vasculature, we determined levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating microparticles (MPs) following the smoking of one cigarette by young, healthy intermittent smokers. Materials and Methods 12 healthy volunteers were randomized to either smoking or not smoking in a crossover fashion. Blood sampling was performed at baseline, 1, 4 and 24 hours following smoking/not smoking. The numbers of EPCs and MPs were determined by flow cytometry. MPs were measured from platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Moreover, MPs were also labelled with anti-HMGB1 and SYTO 13 to assess the content of nuclear molecules. Results Active smoking of one cigarette caused an immediate and significant increase in the numbers of circulating EPCs and MPs of platelet-, endothelial- and leukocyte origin. Levels of MPs containing nuclear molecules were increased, of which the majority were positive for CD41 and CD45 (platelet- and leukocyte origin). CD144 (VE-cadherin) or HMGB1 release did not significantly change during active smoking. Conclusion Brief active smoking of one cigarette generated an acute release of EPC and MPs, of which the latter contained nuclear matter. Together, these results demonstrate acute effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial, platelet and leukocyte function as well as injury to the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mobarrez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lukasz Antoniewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny A. Bosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Kuhl
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David S. Pisetsky
- Medical Research Service, Durham VA Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Magnus Lundbäck
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Hong S, Alapure BV, Lu Y, Tian H, Wang Q. Immunohistological localization of endogenous unlabeled stem cells in wounded skin. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:276-85. [PMID: 24399040 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414520710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of endogenous stem cells (SCs) participate in wound healing in the skin at different anatomical locations. SCs need to be identified through multiple markers, and this is usually performed using flow cytometry. However, immunohistological identification of endogenous stem cells in the skin at different anatomical locations by co-staining multiple SC markers has been seldom explored. We examined the immunohistological localization of four major types of SCs in wounded skin by co-staining for their multiple markers. Hematopoietic SCs were co-stained for Sca1 and CD45; mesenchymal SCs for Sca1, CD29, and CD106; adipose SCs for CD34, CD90, and CD105; and endothelial progenitor cells and their differentiated counterparts were co-stained for CD34, Tie2, and von Willebrand factor. We found Sca1(+)CD45(+) SCs in the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis of wounded skin. Sca1(+)CD29(+) and Sca1(+)CD106(+) mesenchymal SCs, CD34(+)CD105(+), CD34(+)CD90(+), and CD90(+)CD105(+) adipose SCs, as well as CD34(+)Tie2(+) endothelial progenitor cells were also located in the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using immunohistological staining to determine the location of SCs in wounded skin and the intracellular distribution of their molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Center of Neuroscience Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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17
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van den Akker NMS, Post MJ. Career switch for EC-CFU to modelling. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:175-7. [PMID: 24057135 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke M S van den Akker
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Brittan M, Hoogenboom MM, Padfield GJ, Tura O, Fujisawa T, Maclay JD, Macnee W, Mills NL. Endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L964-9. [PMID: 24142520 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to compare circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to age, sex, and cigarette smoking matched healthy controls. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 19) were matched by age, sex, and smoking status. Circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34(+) or CD133(+) mononuclear cells) and endothelial progenitor cells (CD34(+)KDR(+) or CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+) mononuclear cells) were quantified by flow cytometry. Endothelial cell-colony forming units from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified in vitro and phenotypic analysis carried out using immunocytochemistry. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had more circulating mononuclear cells compared with controls (8.4 ± 0.6 vs. 5.9 ± 0.4 × 10(9) cells/l; P = 0.02). CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells were reduced as a proportion of mononuclear cells in patients compared with controls (0.99 ± 0.12 vs. 1.9 ± 0.12%; P = 0.02); however, there were no differences in the absolute number of CD34(+), CD34(+)KDR(+), or CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+) cells (P > 0.05 for all). Endothelial cell-colony forming units were increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with controls (13.7 ± 5.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 colonies; P = 0.048). In contrast to previous studies, the number of circulating progenitor cells was not reduced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with carefully matched controls. It seems unlikely that circulating endothelial progenitor cells or failure of angiogenesis plays a central role in the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Brittan
- BHF/Univ. Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Univ. of Edinburgh, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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19
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Fukaya E, Margolis DJ, Miller CJ, Milovanova TN, Papadopoulos M, Thom SR. Endothelial progenitor cell mobilization following acute wound injury. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:907-8. [PMID: 24134645 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Fukaya
- Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Van Craenenbroeck EM, Van Craenenbroeck AH, van Ierssel S, Bruyndonckx L, Hoymans VY, Vrints CJ, Conraads VM. Quantification of circulating CD34+/KDR+/CD45dim endothelial progenitor cells: Analytical considerations. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:1688-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Padfield GJ, Short A, Mills NL, Samuel K, Turner M, Newby DE, Barclay GR, Tura-Ceide O. The constituents and mechanisms of generation of 'endothelial cell--colony forming units'. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:288-96. [PMID: 23867632 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The formation of endothelial cell-colony forming units (EC-CFUs) is increased by vascular injury, although their function in vivo is unclear. We, therefore, examined the constituents of EC-CFUs and the mechanisms of their generation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed immunohistochemical characterization of EC-CFUs and their mononuclear precursors. Using fluorescent-activated cell sorting, we evaluated the capacity of mononuclear subpopulations to generate EC-CFUs, and monitored their migratory behaviour when co-incubated with EC-CFUs. Time-lapse microscopy was used to observe colony maturation. Cellular proliferation within EC-CFUs was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and anti-proliferative agents. EC-CFUs exhibited typical endothelial characteristics; however, several endothelial markers were weakly expressed or absent. Macrophage and lymphocyte antigens were intensely expressed. EC-CFUs readily incorporated BrdU, and failed to develop in the presence of anti-proliferative agents (P < 0.01; n = 12). Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that the characteristic EC-CFU 'spindle cells' are not EC-CFU progeny, but are mononuclear cells migrating towards, and incorporating into colonies. Only CD14(+) monocytes were necessary for EC-CFU formation. CD14 expression was progressively down-regulated during colony maturation (P < 0.001; n = 6). Although unable to generate EC-CFUs directly, CD34(+) cells could differentiate into CD14(+) cells and potentiate EC-CFU formation. CONCLUSIONS EC-CFUs exhibit endothelial characteristics, but are predominantly CD14(+) derived macrophages and are a potent stimulus for lymphocyte migration. Proliferation is necessary for EC-CFU generation; however, colony growth also occurs as a result of leucocyte migration. Although confirmatory in vivo studies are required, EC-CFU formation likely reflects leucocyte activation as a reparatory response to vascular denudation or tissue ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Padfield
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK
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22
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Cubbon RM, Mercer BN, Sengupta A, Kearney MT. Importance of insulin resistance to vascular repair and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:246-63. [PMID: 23466555 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic insulin resistance is apparent across a spectrum of clinical disorders, including obesity and diabetes, and is characterized by an adverse clustering of cardiovascular risk factors related to abnormal cellular responses to insulin. These disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and represent a major global public health concern because of their association with significant increases in atherosclerosis-related mortality. Endogenous repair mechanisms are thought to retard the development of vascular disease, and a growing evidence base supports the adverse impact of the insulin-resistant phenotype upon indices of vascular repair. Beyond the impact of systemic metabolic changes, emerging data from murine studies also provide support for abnormal insulin signaling at the level of vascular cells in retarding vascular repair. Interrelated pathophysiological factors, including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, altered growth factor activity, and abnormal intracellular signaling, are likely to act in conjunction to impede vascular repair while also driving vascular damage. Understanding of these processes is shaping novel therapeutic paradigms that aim to promote vascular repair and regeneration, either by recruiting endogenous mechanisms or by the administration of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cubbon
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Paine NJ, Ring C, Bosch JA, Drayson MT, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. The time course of the inflammatory response to the Salmonella typhi vaccination. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 30:73-9. [PMID: 23333431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Salmonella typhi vaccination induces transient increases in inflammatory-responsive cytokines and molecules. For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. No study has charted either the time course of the inflammatory response to this vaccine or any associated changes in mood, physical symptoms, and cardiac function. In a blinded crossover experimental design, eight participants received the S. typhi vaccine (vaccination condition) and a saline (control condition) injection on two separate days, at least one week apart. Blood samples and mood ratings were collected at 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24h post-injection, physical symptoms and pain were assessed at 4-8 and 24h post-injection, and cardiovascular function was recorded until 8h post-injection. Repeated measures analyses of variance and polynomial trend analyses compared the timecourse of the response patterns between the two conditions. Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. This vaccine-induced mild inflammatory response was not accompanied by any changes in mood or cardiovascular activity. We also found that participants tended to report more pain in the injected limb in the vaccination condition (p<.07). In sum, our study charted the timecourse of key inflammatory-responsive markers following S. typhi vaccination and identified the timing of their modest peaks. It is worth noting that changes in these markers were not accompanied by any notable changes in mood or cardiovascular activity, and thus the S. typhi vaccination is a suitable method to induce increases in inflammatory-responsive markers, without altering mood or cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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24
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Padfield GJ, Tura-Ceide O, Freyer E, Barclay GR, Turner M, Newby DE, Mills NL. Endothelial progenitor cells, atheroma burden and clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart 2013; 99:791-8. [PMID: 23390050 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We wished to determine the effect of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on putative endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) populations, and define their relationship to coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and clinical outcome, in order to clarify their clinical relevance. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary referral cardiac centre. PATIENTS Two-hundred-and-one patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected angina or ACS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Putative EPC populations were determined by flow cytometry. CAD was quantified using the Gensini scoring system. Survival free from revascularisation, recurrent myocardial infarction and death were determined at 3 years. RESULTS Circulating CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) and CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+)CD133(+) cells were rare (<0.007% of mononuclear cells), were not increased in patients with ACS, and were unrelated CAD severity or clinical outcome (p>0.1 for all). By contrast, CD34(+)CD45(-) cells were increased in patients with CAD compared with those with normal coronary arteries (p=0.008) and correlated with atheroma burden (r=0.44, p<0.001). Increased concentrations of circulating CD34(+)CD45(-) cells were associated with a shorter cumulative event-free survival (p<0.02). Proangiogenic monocytes (CD14(+)VEGFR-2(+)Tie-2(+)) and endothelial cell-colony forming units were increased in patients with ACS (p<0.01 for both), however, concentrations reflected myocardial necrosis, and did not predict the extent of CAD or clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Traditional EPC populations, CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) and CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+)CD133(+) are not related to the extent of CAD or clinical outcome. However, CD34(+)CD45(-) cells are increased in patients with CAD and predict future cardiovascular events. It is likely that CD34(+)CD45(-) concentrations reflect the extent of vascular injury and atheroma burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Padfield
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK.
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25
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Kebschull M, Haupt M, Jepsen S, Deschner J, Nickenig G, Werner N. Mobilization of endothelial progenitors by recurrent bacteremias with a periodontal pathogen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54860. [PMID: 23355901 PMCID: PMC3552864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal infections are independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this link are yet unclear. Here, we evaluate the in vivo effects of bacteremia with a periodontal pathogen on endothelial progenitors, bone marrow-derived cells capable of endothelial regeneration, and delineate the critical pathways for these effects. Methods 12-week old C57bl6 wildtype or toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 deficient mice were repeatedly intravenously challenged with 109 live P. gingivalis 381 or vehicle. Numbers of Sca1+/flk1+ progenitors, circulating angiogenic cells, CFU-Hill, and late-outgrowth EPC were measured by FACS/culture. Endothelial function was assessed using isolated organ baths, reendothelization was measured in a carotid injury model. RANKL/osteoprotegerin levels were assessed by ELISA/qPCR. Results In wildtype mice challenged with intravenous P.gingivalis, numbers of Sca1+/flk1+ progenitors, CAC, CFU-Hill, and late-outgrowth EPC were strongly increased in peripheral circulation and spleen, whereas Sca1+/flk1+ progenitor numbers in bone marrow decreased. Circulating EPCs were functional, as indicated by improved endothelial function and improved reendothelization in infected mice. The osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio was increased after P. gingivalis challenge in the bone marrow niche of wildtype mice and late-outgrowth EPC in vitro. Conversely, in mice deficient in TLR2, no increase in progenitor mobilization or osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio was detected. Conclusion Recurrent transient bacteremias, a feature of periodontitis, increase peripheral EPC counts and decrease EPC pools in the bone marrow, thereby possibly reducing overall endothelial regeneration capacity, conceivably explaining pro-atherogenic properties of periodontal infections. These effects are seemingly mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR)-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kebschull
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Haupt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikos Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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26
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Niu SH, Jian LG, Zhang LH. Protective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Transient Overexpression of Hmgb1 on Balloon-Induced Carotid Artery Injury. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) play a crucial role in endothelial repair after artery injury. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key modulator of the homing of MSC to impaired artery and endothelialization. This study was aimed to determine whether balloon-induced carotid artery injury could be improved by transplantation with MSC modified by HMGB1. MSC were infected by adenoviral serotype 5 encoding recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and HMGB1 (ad5GFP-HMGB1). The expression of HMGB1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected in MSC using Real-time PCR, Western blot and semi-quantitative immunohistochemical assays. In vivo, reendothelialization was examined in rats subjected to carotid artery injury. The homing of MSC was observed under fluorescence microscopy, and the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by ELISA assay. As a result, compared with the MSC group, the expression of HMGB1, VEGF and PCNA was markedly increased, vascular reendothelialization was accelerated, and the levels of serum TNF-α and CRP were decreased in group ad5GFP and ad5GFP-HMGB1. Transplantation of MSC infected with adGFP-HMGB1 strengthened the MSC effect. Taken together, modification of HMGB1 can enhance the protective effects of MSC on balloon-induced carotid artery injury through up-regulation of VEGF and PCNA expression and inhibition of the inflammatory response. HMGB1 in MSC may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H. Niu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - L-G. Jian
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - L-H. Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Flammer AJ, Gössl M, Widmer RJ, Reriani M, Lennon R, Loeffler D, Shonyo S, Simari RD, Lerman LO, Khosla S, Lerman A. Osteocalcin positive CD133+/CD34-/KDR+ progenitor cells as an independent marker for unstable atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:2963-9. [PMID: 22855739 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS For the characterization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), commonly the markers CD34 and KDR have been used. CD133+/CD34-/KDR+ cells may represent more immature 'early' progenitors. In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), a large fraction of EPCs carry the osteoblastic marker osteocalcin (OCN), which may mediate vascular calcification and abnormal repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of OCN+ 'early' EPCs in patients with risk factors (RFs) and a history of stable (history of stenting/coronary artery bypass grafting) or unstable CAD (myocardial infarction). METHODS AND RESULTS Medical history and blood samples from 282 patients (age 58 ± 16 years) with CAD or at least one RF (mean 2.5 ± 1.5) were analysed. For the analysis of EPC markers (CD133, CD34, KDR) and OCN, the flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed. Circulating OCN+/CD133+/CD34-/KDR+ cells (median counts [interquartile range] per 100 000 events) were 15 [4-41] in patients with RF (n = 199), 26 [1-136] in those with a history of stable (n = 57), and 246 [105-308] in those with a history of unstable CAD (n = 26; P < 0.001). The association with unstable CAD remained highly significant even after multivariate adjusting for RFs and the different characteristics of the groups. Osteocalcin positive 'early' EPCs trend to predict further events [HR for each doubling of the cell number: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.00-1.46), P = 0.06]. CONCLUSION Circulating OCN+ 'early' EPCs are strongly associated with unstable CAD. Therefore, this particular subset of EPCs could mediate abnormal vascular repair and may help identifying patients with a more unstable phenotype of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Flammer
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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28
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Inhaled NO contributes to lung repair in piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome via increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33859. [PMID: 22448277 PMCID: PMC3309020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We hypothesized that inhaled NO (iNO) would induce EPC mobilization and therefore promote lung repair in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methodology/Principal Findings Healthy piglets were randomized into four groups (n = 6): Control (Con; mechanical ventilation only); ARDS (established by oleic acid infusion and mechanical ventilation); ARDS plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; 10 µg/kg/d subcutaneously); ARDS plus NO inhalation (iNO; 10 ppm). EPCs and mobilizing cytokines were assayed at different time points (baseline, 0, 24, 72 and 168 h) and injury reparation was assessed at 168 h. Compared to the Con group, the levels of EPCs were increased in bone marrow but not in blood in the ARDS group at 24 h. Compared to the ARDS group, inhaled NO induced a rapid elevation in the number of CD34+KDR+, KDR+CD133+ and CD34+KDR+CD133+ EPCs in blood (2163±454 vs. 1094±416, 1302±413 vs. 429±244, 1140±494 vs. 453±273 cells/ml, respectively, P<0.05), and a reduction in the percentage of KDR+CD133+ cells in bone marrow. Lung CD34, CD133, VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, endothelial NO synthase mRNA, and VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 protein expression levels were augmented in the iNO group, but not in the G-CSF group, compared to ARDS. Furthermore, iNO treatment reduced vascular permeability, increased pulmonary vessel density, and alleviated pulmonary edema and inflammation compared to ARDS treatment. Plasma VEGF, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and bone marrow NO2−/NO3− were significantly higher in the iNO group compared to the ARDS group at 72 h. Conclusions These results suggest that iNO induces mobilization of EPCs from bone marrow into circulation, contributes to vascular repair, and thereby alleviates lung damage.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), there have been conflicting reports as to the precise phenotypic identity, and thus an accurate description of the function of these cells in disease pathology is lacking. This review will detail the protocols that have been published within 2010 to help decipher the true identity of the various cells that have been reported as EPCs in numerous clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Throughout 2010, three protocols have been published alleging to identify EPCs, yet only one provides a true nonhematopoietic origin for a cell that is classified as an EPC. In addition to the protocols published to try to establish a consensus definition, 10 studies involving EPCs across disease pathologies were published with various degrees of correlation to disease phenotype and cellular level. SUMMARY A true phenotypic definition of a circulating EPC capable of becoming an endothelial colony forming cell with proliferative potential has been given. It is now time the EPC field drops this ambiguous term (i.e. EPCs), as many studies purporting to measure EPCs are in fact still quantifying cells of a hematopoietic origin. It is necessary for cross study comparisons that a uniform phenotypic definition be adhered to when using the term EPC.
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Chen TG, Zhong ZY, Sun GF, Zhou YX, Zhao Y. Effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on activity and nitric oxide synthase of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:352-9. [PMID: 21702858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has any effect on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Total mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days culture, attached cells were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α (final concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/l) for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding, by direct fluorescence staining. EPC proliferation and migration were assayed using the MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. EPC adhesion assay was performed by re-plating those cells on fibronectin-coated dishes, and adherent cells were counted. Tube formation activity was assayed using a tube formation kit. Levels of apoptosis were revealed using an annexin V apoptosis detection kit. Vascular endothelial growth factor Receptor-1 (VEGF-R1) and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) mRNA, assessed by real-time RT-PCR inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assayed by western blot analysis. Incubation of EPCs with tumour necrosis factor-α reduced EPC proliferation, migration, adhesion, tube formation capacity, iNOS and eNOS in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Tumour necrosis factor-α reduced proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation capacity of EPCs. TNF-α increased EPC apoptosis level, reduced VEGF-R1 and SDF-1 mRNA expression; tumour necrosis factor-α also reduced iNOS and eNOS in the EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-G Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, China.
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31
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Ahrens I, Domeij H, Eisenhardt SU, Topcic D, Albrecht M, Leitner E, Viitaniemi K, Jowett JB, Lappas M, Bode C, Haviv I, Peter K. Opposing effects of monomeric and pentameric C-reactive protein on endothelial progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:879-95. [PMID: 21562922 PMCID: PMC3149664 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The dissociation of native, pentameric (p)CRP to monomeric (m)CRP on the cell membrane of activated platelets has recently been demonstrated. The dissociation of pCRP to mCRP may explain local pro-inflammatory reactions at the site of developing atherosclerotic plaques. As a biomarker, pCRP predicts cardiovascular adverse events and so do reduced levels and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We hypothesised that mCRP and pCRP exert a differential effect on EPC function and differentiation. EPCs were treated with mCRP or pCRP for 72 h, respectively. Phenotypical characterisation was done by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, while the effect of mCRP and pCRP on gene expression was examined by whole-genome gene expression analysis. The functional capacity of EPCs was determined by colony forming unit (CFU) assay and endothelial tube formation assay. Double staining for acetylated LDL and ulex lectin significantly decreased in cells treated with pCRP. The length of tubuli in a matrigel assay with HUVECs decreased significantly in response to pCRP, but not to mCRP. The number of CFUs increased after pCRP treatment. RNA expression profiling demonstrated that mCRP and pCRP cause highly contradictory gene regulation. Interferon-responsive genes (IFI44L, IFI44, IFI27, IFI 6, MX1, OAS2) were among the highly up-regulated genes after mCRP, but not after pCRP treatment. In conclusion, EPC phenotype, genotype and function were differentially affected by mCRP and pCRP, strongly arguing for differential roles of these two CRP conformations. The up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes in response to mCRP may constitute a mechanism for the local regulation of EPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Wojakowski W, Landmesser U, Bachowski R, Jadczyk T, Tendera M. Mobilization of stem and progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases. Leukemia 2011; 26:23-33. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bogoslovsky T, Spatz M, Chaudhry A, Maric D, Luby M, Frank J, Warach S. Stromal-derived factor-1[alpha] correlates with circulating endothelial progenitor cells and with acute lesion volume in stroke patients. Stroke 2011; 42:618-25. [PMID: 21257825 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.596007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are important participants of neovascularization and are mobilized through signaling with stromal-derived factor (SDF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor. The association between EPC levels and these growth factors (GF) in acute stroke has not been previously established. We aimed to determine the association between EPC and these GF, and to elucidate a relationship between these GF and stroke severity in acute stroke patients. METHODS Seventeen patients were selected from 175 patients with imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke. EPC were quantified using CD34, CD133, and VEGF-R2 markers. Plasma VEGF, SDF-1α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and stem cell factor were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 1 and 3, and brain MRI was performed at baseline and on days 1 and 5 after the stroke onset. RESULTS Levels of SDF-1α strongly (r=0.6) correlated with the numbers of EPC subsets CD133(+)VEFG-R2(+) (P<0.004), CD34(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.01), and CD34(+)CD133(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.01) on day 1. Stem cell factor strongly (r=0.5) correlated with CD133(+)VEGF-R2(+) (P<0.05). SDF-1α moderately inversely (r=-0.49) correlated with baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volumes (P<0.04). Median levels of SDF-1α (1561 pg/mL) increased (P<0.04) on day 3 compared to day 1 (1379 pg/mL). Similarly, VEGF at day 3 (95 pg/mL) increased (P<0.03) compared to day 1 (64 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SDF-1α and stem cell factor correlate with an increase in EPC early in ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bogoslovsky
- Center for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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