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Mesquita TRR, Campos-Mota GP, Lemos VS, Cruz JS, de Jesus ICG, Camargo EA, Pesquero JL, Pesquero JB, Capettini LDSA, Lauton-Santos S. Vascular Kinin B 1 and B 2 Receptors Determine Endothelial Dysfunction through Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. Front Physiol 2017; 8:228. [PMID: 28503149 PMCID: PMC5408093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B1- and B2-kinin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that play an important role in the vascular function. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the participation of kinin receptors in the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vascular relaxation, focusing on the protein-protein interaction involving kinin receptors with endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS). Vascular reactivity, nitric oxide (NO·) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, co-immunoprecipitation were assessed in thoracic aorta from male wild-type (WT), B1- (B1R−/−), B2- (B2R−/−) knockout mice. Some vascular reactivity experiments were also performed in a double kinin receptors knockout mice (B1B2R−/−). For pharmacological studies, selective B1- and B2-kinin receptors antagonists, NOS inhibitors and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic were used. First, we show that B1- and B2-kinin receptors form heteromers with nNOS and eNOS in thoracic aorta. To investigate the functionality of these protein-protein interactions, we took advantage of pharmacological tools and knockout mice. Importantly, our results show that kinin receptors regulate ACh-induced relaxation via nNOS signaling in thoracic aorta with no changes in NO· donor-induced relaxation. Interestingly, B1B2R−/− presented similar level of vascular dysfunction as found in B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice. In accordance, aortic rings from B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice exhibit decreased NO· bioavailability and increased superoxide generation compared to WT mice, suggesting the involvement of excessive ROS generation in the endothelial dysfunction of B1R−/− and B2R−/− mice. Alongside, we show that impaired endothelial vasorelaxation induced by ACh in B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice was rescued by the SOD mimetic compound. Taken together, our findings show that B1- and B2-kinin receptors regulate the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of ACh through nNOS activity and indicate that molecular disturbance of short-range interaction between B1- and B2-kinin receptors with nNOS might be involved in the oxidative pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianne P Campos-Mota
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Itamar C G de Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of SergipeSão Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Pesquero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Cellular Changes Induced by Kinin B1 Receptor Deletion: Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Metabolism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moyes AJ, Gray GA, Denison FC. Bradykinin B1 receptor-mediated vasodilation is impaired in myometrial arteries from women with pre-eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2013; 33:177-90. [PMID: 24304135 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2013.846368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the vascular functional activity, localisation and expression of B1 and B2 kinin receptors in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. METHODS Kinin receptor-mediated relaxation of myometrial arteries was assessed using wire myography. Immunohistochemical staining and gene expression of kinin receptors in the myometrium was determined. RESULTS B2 receptor-mediated relaxation was reduced in pre-eclampsia. B1 receptor-mediated relaxation was observed in a proportion of healthy women and was impaired in pre-eclampsia. Receptor expression and localisation was unaltered in pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate a novel B1 receptor-mediated vasodilatation in healthy myometrial vessels that is absent in pre-eclampsia.
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Sharif NA, Wang Y, Katoli P, Xu S, Kelly CR, Li L. Human Non-Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium Bradykinin B2-Receptors: Receptor Localization, Pharmacological Characterization of Intracellular Ca2+Mobilization, and Prostaglandin Secretion. Curr Eye Res 2013; 39:378-89. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.816324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Albert-Weißenberger C, Sirén AL, Kleinschnitz C. Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury: the role of the kallikrein-kinin system. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 101-102:65-82. [PMID: 23274649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Due to the paucity of therapies, there is a pressing clinical demand for new treatment options. Successful therapeutic strategies for these conditions must target multiple pathophysiological mechanisms occurring at different stages of brain injury. In this respect, the kallikrein-kinin system is an ideal target linking key pathological hallmarks of ischemic and traumatic brain damage such as edema formation, inflammation, and thrombosis. In particular, the kinin receptors, plasma kallikrein, and coagulation factor XIIa are highly attractive candidates for pharmacological development, as kinin receptor antagonists or inhibitors of plasma kallikrein and coagulation factor XIIa are neuroprotective in animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, conflicting preclinical evaluation as well as limited and inconclusive data from clinical trials suggest caution when transferring observations made in animals into the human situation. This review summarizes current evidence on the pathological significance of the kallikrein-kinin system during ischemic and traumatic brain damage, with a particular focus on experimental data derived from animal models. Experimental findings are also compared with human data if available, and potential therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Vasculitis is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterized by inflammation in and around vessel walls leading to perturbed vessel patency and tissue damage. Many different organs may be involved. In this review, pathogenetic mechanisms of vasculitis are discussed, with special reference to activation of the kinin system. Mechanisms of kinin system activation are described, ultimately leading to release of kinins from high molecular weight kininogen. These vasoactive peptides promote inflammation. CONCLUSION Kinin system activation during vasculitis promotes inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kuhr F, Lowry J, Zhang Y, Brovkovych V, Skidgel RA. Differential regulation of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by kinin B1 and B2 receptors. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:145-54. [PMID: 20045558 PMCID: PMC2830320 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinins are vasoactive peptides that play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, pain and inflammation. After release from their precursor kininogens, kinins or their C-terminal des-Arg metabolites activate two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), called B2 (B2R) or B1 (B1R). The B2R is expressed constitutively with a wide tissue distribution. In contrast, the B1R is not expressed under normal conditions but is upregulated by tissue insult or inflammatory mediators. The B2R is considered to mediate many of the acute effects of kinins while the B1R is more responsible for chronic responses in inflammation. Both receptors can couple to Galphai and Galphaq families of G proteins to release mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and can induce the release of other inflammatory agents. The focus of this review is on the different transduction events that take place upon B2R and B1R activation in human endothelial cells that leads to generation of NO via activation of different NOS isoforms. Importantly, B2R-mediated eNOS activation leads to a transient ( approximately 5min) output of NO in control endothelial cells whereas in cytokine-treated endothelial cells, B1R activation leads to very high and prolonged ( approximately 90min) NO production that is mediated by a novel signal transduction pathway leading to post-translational activation of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kuhr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott, (M/C 868), Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Tsutsui M, Shimokawa H, Morishita T, Nakata S, Sabanai K, Nakashima Y, Yanagihara N. [Development of genetically engineered mice lacking all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:1347-55. [PMID: 17827917 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOSs) system consists of three different isoforms, including neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOSs (eNOS). The roles of NO in vivo have been extensively investigated in pharmacological studies with NOS inhibitors and in studies with mice lacking each NOS isoform. However, in the pharmacological studies, the specificity of NOS inhibitors continues to be an issue of debate, while in the studies with mice lacking each NOS isoform, compensatory mechanism by other NOSs appears to be involved. Thus, the ultimate roles of endogenous NO in our body still remain to be fully elucidated. To address this important issue, we have successfully developed mice in which all three NOS genes are completely disrupted. NOS expression and activities were totally absent in the triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice before and after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. While the triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were viable, their survival and fertility rates were markedly reduced as compared with wild-type mice. The first noticeable phenotypes were polyuria, polydipsia, and renal unresponsiveness to vasopressin, characteristics consistent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. We subsequently observed that in those mice, arteriosclerosis is spontaneously developed with a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. These results provide the first evidence that genetic disruption of all three NOSs causes a variety of cardiovascular diseases in mice in vivo, demonstrating the critical role of the endogenous NOSs system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Tsutsui M, Shimokawa H, Morishita T, Nakashima Y, Yanagihara N. Development of genetically engineered mice lacking all three nitric oxide synthases. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 102:147-54. [PMID: 17031076 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.cpj06015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in almost all tissues and organs, exerting multiple biological actions under both physiological and pathological conditions. NO is synthesized by three different isoforms of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal, inducible, and endothelial NOSs. Due to the substantial compensatory interactions among the NOS isoforms, the ultimate roles of endogenous NO in our body still remain to be fully elucidated. To address this point, we have successfully developed mice in which all three NOS genes are completely disrupted. NOS expression and activities were totally absent in the triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice before and after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. While the triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were viable, their survival and fertility rates were markedly reduced as compared with wild-type mice. The phenotypes of those mice that we first noticed were polyuria, polydipsia, and renal unresponsiveness to vasopressin, characteristics consistent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. We subsequently observed that in those mice, arteriosclerosis is spontaneously developed with a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. These results provide the first evidence that the systemic deletion of all three NOSs causes a variety of cardiovascular diseases in mice, demonstrating a critical role of the endogenous NOSs system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
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Leeb-Lundberg LMF, Marceau F, Müller-Esterl W, Pettibone DJ, Zuraw BL. International union of pharmacology. XLV. Classification of the kinin receptor family: from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological consequences. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:27-77. [PMID: 15734727 DOI: 10.1124/pr.57.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins are proinflammatory peptides that mediate numerous vascular and pain responses to tissue injury. Two pharmacologically distinct kinin receptor subtypes have been identified and characterized for these peptides, which are named B1 and B2 and belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. The B2 receptor mediates the action of bradykinin (BK) and lysyl-bradykinin (Lys-BK), the first set of bioactive kinins formed in response to injury from kininogen precursors through the actions of plasma and tissue kallikreins, whereas the B(1) receptor mediates the action of des-Arg9-BK and Lys-des-Arg9-BK, the second set of bioactive kinins formed through the actions of carboxypeptidases on BK and Lys-BK, respectively. The B2 receptor is ubiquitous and constitutively expressed, whereas the B1 receptor is expressed at a very low level in healthy tissues but induced following injury by various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta. Both receptors act through G alpha(q) to stimulate phospholipase C beta followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization and through G alpha(i) to inhibit adenylate cyclase and stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The use of mice lacking each receptor gene and various specific peptidic and nonpeptidic antagonists have implicated both B1 and B2 receptors as potential therapeutic targets in several pathophysiological events related to inflammation such as pain, sepsis, allergic asthma, rhinitis, and edema, as well as diabetes and cancer. This review is a comprehensive presentation of our current understanding of these receptors in terms of molecular and cell biology, physiology, pharmacology, and involvement in human disease and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Fredrik Leeb-Lundberg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, A12, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Aschner JL, Smith TK, Kovacs N, Pinheiro JMB, Fuloria M. Mechanisms of bradykinin-mediated dilation in newborn piglet pulmonary conducting and resistance vessels. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283:L373-82. [PMID: 12114199 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00032.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is a potent dilator of the perinatal pulmonary circulation. We investigated segmental differences in BK-induced dilation in newborn pig large conducting pulmonary artery and vein rings and in pressurized pulmonary resistance arteries (PRA). In conducting pulmonary arteries and veins, BK-induced relaxation is abolished by endothelial disruption and by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with nitro-L-arginine (L-NA). In PRA, two-thirds of the dilation response is L-NA insensitive. Charybdotoxin plus apamin and depolarization with KCl abolish the L-NA-insensitive dilations, findings that implicate the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). However, endothelium-disrupted PRA retain the ability to dilate to BK but not to ACh or A-23187. In endothelium-disrupted PRA, dilation was inhibited by charybdotoxin. Thus in PRA, BK elicits dilation by multiple and duplicative signaling pathways. Release of NO and EDHF contributes to the response in endothelium-intact PRA; in endothelium-disrupted PRA, dilation occurs by direct activation of vascular smooth muscle calcium-dependent potassium channels. Redundant signaling pathways mediating pulmonary dilation to BK may be required to assure a smooth transition to extrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1081, USA.
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Lacza Z, Puskar M, Kis B, Perciaccante JV, Miller AW, Busija DW. Hydrogen peroxide acts as an EDHF in the piglet pial vasculature in response to bradykinin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 283:H406-11. [PMID: 12063315 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00007.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of EDHF-mediated dilation to bradykinin (BK) in piglet pial arteries. Topically applied BK (3 micromol/l) induced vasodilation (62 +/- 12%) after the administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin, which was inhibited by endothelial impairment or by the BK(2) receptor antagonist HOE-140 (0.3 micromol/l). Western blotting showed the presence of BK(2) receptors in brain cortex and pial vascular tissue samples. The cytochrome P-450 antagonist miconazole (20 micromol/l) and the lipoxygenase inhibitors baicalein (10 micromol/l) and cinnamyl-3,4-dyhydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (1 micromol/l) failed to reduce the BK-induced dilation. However, the H(2)O(2) scavenger catalase (400 U/ml) abolished the response (from 54 +/- 11 to 0 +/- 2 microm; P < 0.01). The ATP-dependent K(+) (K(ATP)) channel inhibitor glibenclamide (10 micromol/l) had a similar effect as well (from 54 +/- 11 to 16 +/- 5 microm; P < 0.05). Coapplication of the Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channel inhibitors charybdotoxin (0.1 micromol/l) and apamin (0.5 micromol/l) failed to reduce the response. We conclude that H(2)O(2) mediates the non-nitric oxide-, non-prostanoid-dependent vasorelaxation to BK in the piglet pial vasculature. The response is mediated via BK(2) receptors and the opening of K(ATP) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Lacza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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