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Maqsood R, Schofield S, Bennett AN, Khattab A, Bull AMJ, Fear NT, Boos CJ. Exploratory analysis of spontaneous versus paced breathing on heart rate variability in veterans with combat-related traumatic injury. PM R 2024. [PMID: 38634349 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiration is a crucial determinant of autonomic balance and heart rate variability (HRV). The comparative effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV has been almost exclusively explored in healthy adults and never been investigated in an injured military cohort. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV in veterans with combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI). DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING ArmeD serVices trAuma rehabilitatioN outComE (ADVANCE) study, Stanford Hall, UK. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected participants who sustained CRTI (eg, amputation) during their deployment (Afghanistan 2003-2014) and were recruited into the ongoing ADVANCE prospective cohort study. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HRV was recorded using a single-lead ECG. HRV data were acquired during a sequential protocol of 5-minute spontaneous breathing followed immediately by 5 minutes of paced breathing (six cycles/minute) among fully rested and supine participants. HRV was reported using time domain (root mean square of successive differences), frequency domain (low frequency and high frequency) and nonlinear (sample entropy) measures. The agreement between HRV during spontaneous versus paced breathing was examined using the Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 36.5 ± 4.6 years. Resting respiratory rate was significantly higher with spontaneous versus paced breathing (13.4 ± 3.4 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 breaths/minute; p < .001), respectively. Resting mean heart rate and root mean square of successive differences were significantly higher with paced breathing than spontaneous breathing (p < .001). Paced breathing significantly increased median low frequency power than spontaneous breathing (p < .001). No significant difference was found in the absolute power of high frequency between the two breathing protocols. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between HRV values during spontaneous and paced breathing conditions with wide limits of agreement. CONCLUSION Slow-paced breathing leads to higher HRV than spontaneous breathing and could overestimate resting "natural-state" HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeea Maqsood
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susie Schofield
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Bennett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall Estate, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- The Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Boos
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Dorset, Poole Hospital, Poole, UK
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Djientcheu DFY, Azabji-Kenfack M, Kameni PM, Bilanda DC, Femoe MU, Ngoungoure MC, Kamtchouing P, Dzeufiet DPD. Analysis of Sinus Variability in a Group of Cameroonian Athletes. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION) 2024; 2024:1752677. [PMID: 38572353 PMCID: PMC10987244 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1752677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a useful method for assessing the heart's ability to adapt to endogenous and exogenous loads. Data from African population on HRV are scarce and even more so in sports populations. This study aimed to compare cardiac autonomic modulation response in Cameroonian athletes and sedentary. Methodology. We conducted a prospective and analytical study in sports teams in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The participants in our study were divided in three groups; people who practiced little or no sporting activity (sedentary as group 1) or who were regularly physically active as part of a sports team (footballers or handballers as second and third groups). They had to be aged 18 or over and have given their informed consent. Heart rate (HR) was continuously recorded at rest for ten minutes and then transferred to a computer equipped with Kubios HRV Standard software for analysis. Means ± mean standard errors were compared using the one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post-test. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. Results Of the 60 people selected to participate to our study, 75.0% were sportsmen (40.0% handball players and 35.0% footballers). The resting HR of sedentary people was higher (p < 0.001) than that of footballers and handball players. The SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 of sedentary people (16.22 ± 1.04; 9.97 ± 0.46; and 0.16 ± 0.06) were lower than those of footballers (30.13 ± 2.93; 20.61 ± 2.46; and 2.99 ± 0.63, with p < 0.001) and handball players (29.00 ± 1.86; 16.44 ± 1.16; and 2.15 ± 0.38, with p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). Absolute and relative very-low-frequency (VLF) power, absolute low and high-frequency (LF and HF) power, as well as total power (TP) were lower in sedentary people (3.66 ± 0.08 and 16.21 ± 0.64; 5.04 ± 0.15 and 2.50 ± 0.16 and 246.40 ± 18.04) compared to footballers (5.09 ± 0.24 and 26.87 ± 1.76; 5.85 ± 0.32 and 3.92 ± 0.22 and 836.10 ± 103.70, with p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) and handball players (4.86 ± 0.16 and 30.82 ± 2.67; 6.03 ± 0.19 and 3.46 ± 0.16 and 927.30 ± 94.12, with p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001). The LF/HF ratio was 12.1% and 20.1% lower in sedentary people (7.55 ± 0.58) compared with footballers (8.46 ± 0.50) and handball players (9.07 ± 0.60), respectively. Conclusion Sportsmen showed greater parasympathetic and global modulation when compared to sedentary people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deugoue F. Y. Djientcheu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - M. Azabji-Kenfack
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Poumeni M. Kameni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - D. C. Bilanda
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Membe U. Femoe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - M. C. Ngoungoure
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - P. Kamtchouing
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Djomeni P. D. Dzeufiet
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Muñoz-Pérez I, Varela-Sanz A, Lago-Fuentes C, Navarro-Patón R, Mecías-Calvo M. Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Recreational Trail Runners: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:402. [PMID: 36612727 PMCID: PMC9819577 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding fatigue mechanisms is crucial for exercise performance. However, scientific evidence on non-invasive methods for assessing fatigue in trail running competitions is scarce, especially when vertical kilometer trail running races (VK) are considered. The main purpose of this study was to assess the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity (i.e., central fatigue) and the state of muscle activation (i.e., peripheral fatigue) before and after a VK competition. METHODS A cross-sectional pilot study was performed. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8 recreational male trail runners (31.63 ± 7.21 yrs, 1.75 m ± 0.05 m, 70.38 ± 5.41 kg, BMI: 22.88 ± 0.48, running experience: 8.0 ± 3.63 yrs, weekly training volume: 58.75 ± 10.35 km) volunteered to participate and were assessed for both central (i.e., via heart rate variability, HRV) and peripheral (via tensiomyography, TMG) fatigue before and after a VK race. RESULTS After the VK, resting heart rate, RMSSD (p = 0.01 for both) and SDNN significantly decreased (p = 0.02), while the stress score and the sympathetic-parasympathetic ratio increased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). The TMG analyses suggest that runners already suffered peripheral fatigue before the VK and that 20-30 min are enough for muscular recovery after the race. In summary, our data suggest that participants experienced a pre-competition fatigue status. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying fatigue during trail running races, while training periodization and tapering strategies could play a key role for minimizing pre-competition fatigue status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Muñoz-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Deporte, Universidad de Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Adrián Varela-Sanz
- Physical and Sports Education Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, 15179 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
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Kulkarni K, Nichols JH, Armoundas AA, Roberts Jr. JD. RespiCo: A novel, flexible, and stand-alone electronic respiratory coaching device. HARDWAREX 2022; 12:e00335. [PMID: 35873736 PMCID: PMC9304670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conscious respiratory pattern and rate control is desired by patients with some forms of pulmonary disease that are undergoing respiratory muscle conditioning and rehabilitation, by practitioners of meditation hoping to improve mindfulness and wellbeing, by athletes striving to obtain breathing control in order to increase competitiveness, and by engineers and scientists that wish to use the data from breathing subjects to test hypotheses and develop physiological monitoring systems. Although prerecorded audio sources and computer applications are available that guide breathing exercises, they often suffer from being inflexible and allow only limited customization of the breathing cues. Here we describe a small, lightweight, battery-powered, microprocessor-based respiratory coaching device (RespiCo), which through wireless or wired connections, can be easily customized to precisely guide subjects to breathe at desired respiratory rates using specific breathing patterns through visual, auditory, or haptic cues. Digital signals can also be captured from the device to document the breathing cues provided by the device for research purposes. It is anticipated that this device will have important utility for those who wish to be guided to breathe in a precise manner or in research and development of physiologic monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kulkarni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John H. Nichols
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Antonis A. Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jesse D. Roberts Jr.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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The relationship between cardiac damage biomarkers and heart rate variability following 60 min of running. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:249-260. [PMID: 35877021 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise may cause transient alterations in cardiac tissue. The number of studies evaluating the relationship between changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac biomarkers following an endurance event is limited. We hypothesized that there would be a time-dependent correlation between biomarkers of cardiac damage and the reduction in parasympathetic indices of HRV within 24 h after 60 min of running in middle-aged recreational runners. METHODS The trained, middle-aged runners who participated in this study ran 60 min at a half-marathon pace on a treadmill. Blood samples (before and 0, 4, and 24 h after the running test) and HRV data (before and 0, 1, 4, and 24 h after the running test) were obtained. RESULTS After running, cardiac biomarkers (total creatine kinase, cardiac isoform of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-index [CK-Index], cardiac troponin [cTnI]) increased significantly, and HRV measures related to parasympathetic nervous system activity decreased significantly; these measures returned to baseline levels within 24 h. Finally, there were significant correlations (all p < 0.05) between the change (4 h post-running vs. pre-running) in the CK-Index and the changes (post- vs pre-running) in time-domain and nonlinear measures of HRV (r - 0.61 to - 0.67). In addition, significant correlations (all p < 0.05) were found between the area under the cTnI curve and change (1-h post- and pre-running) in time-domain and nonlinear measures of HRV (r - 0.48 to - 0.51). CONCLUSIONS The correlation between HRV and cardiac biomarkers indicates that HRV analysis may be an alternative approach to determine the magnitude of cardiac stress after endurance exercises.
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Yin Q, Shen D, Tang Y, Ding Q. Intelligent monitoring of noxious stimulation during anaesthesia based on heart rate variability analysis. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105408. [PMID: 35344869 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research based on medical signals has received significant attention in recent years. If the patients' states can be accurately monitored based on medical signals, it greatly benefits both doctors and patients. This paper proposes a method to extract signal features from heart rate variability signals and classify patients' states using the long short-term memory network and enable effective monitoring of noxious stimulation. For data processing, the heart rate variability signal is decomposed and recombined by the empirical mode decomposition method, and the signal features of the noxious stimulation are extracted by the sliding time window method. Compared with the average accuracy of direct classifications, the classification accuracy based on the proposed method is proved more accurate. The model based on the extracted features proposed can realize the classification of consciousness and general anaesthesia with an accuracy rate of more than 90% and accurately estimate the occurrence of tracheal intubation stimulation. Furthermore, this study shows that combining the deep learning neural network with the extracted more effective signal features under different states and stresses can classify the states with high accuracy. Therefore, it is promising to apply the deep learning method in researching the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dai Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ye Tang
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Gonzalez JE, Jewell SR, Stelly SP, Cooke WH. Controlled breathing and autonomic rhythms: Influence of auditory versus visual cues. Auton Neurosci 2021; 236:102896. [PMID: 34656965 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared standard metrics of autonomic control in 20 humans (10 female) during spontaneous and controlled breathing. Subjects controlled breathing at 0.25 Hz following a metronome (auditory) or scrolling waveforms (visual). Respiratory rates and heart rates were lower during spontaneous breathing compared with auditory and visual. One heart rate variability metric was higher during visual compared with spontaneous breathing, but baroreflex sensitivity and muscle sympathetic nerve activity were not affected by breathing cues. A majority of subjects (86%) perceived that breathing to auditory cues was more difficult compared with visual cues, but this elevated perceived stress did not manifest physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Stephanie R Jewell
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Steven P Stelly
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - William H Cooke
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America.
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Huang C, Kong Z, Nie J, Pan M, Zhang H, Shi Q, George K. Impact of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on heart rate variability and cardiac troponin. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1301-1308. [PMID: 34610731 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains uncertain whether exercise modality (high-intensity interval [HIE]; moderate-intensity continuous [MCE]) mediates exercise-induced changes in markers of pro-arrhythmogenic state and/or cardiac damage. This study examines heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) kinetic responses to HIE and MCE. METHODS Fourteen sedentary, overweight/obese females completed two trials including HIE (2-min running at 90% V̇O<inf>2max</inf> followed by 2-min running at 50% V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, repeated for 60 min) and MCE (70% V̇O<inf>2max</inf> steady-state running for 60 min) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. Supine HRV was evaluated as root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), normalized low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) spectral power, as well as the LF/HF ratio before (PRE), immediately (0 HR), 3 (3 HR) and 24 (24 HR) hours after exercise. Serum cTnT was assessed using a high-sensitivity assay at the same time-points and the values were corrected for plasma volume changes. RESULTS Exercise temporarily altered all HRV indices (i.e. RMSSD and HF decreased; LF and LF/HF ratio increased at 0 HR, all P<0.05) but a rebound increase of RMSSD was observed at 24 HR, and the kinetic responses of HRV were similar between exercise modalities. The cTnT was significantly elevated (P<0.05) after exercise at 3 HR (by 688%) and 24 HR (by 374%) with no between-modality differences. There was no significant correlation between delta change in cTnT and HRV metrics. CONCLUSIONS Exercise modality (workload-equivalent HIE vs. MCE) did not mediate exercise-induced alteration in autonomic activity and cTnT elevation, and it seems these are largely separate exercise-induced phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanye Huang
- Graduate School, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China -
| | - Mingling Pan
- College of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Martinez-Navarro I, Montoya A, Mateo-March M, Blasco-Lafarga C. Heart rate dynamics and lactate following high-intensity race-pace continuous vs interval workouts in highly trained athletes. Physiol Int 2021; 108:303-316. [PMID: 34181564 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to compare the physiological responses of high-intensity race-pace continuous vs. interval workouts commonly used in middle-distance athletics, by means of analyzing post-exercise cardiac autonomic regulation and lactate. METHODS Nineteen highly-trained 800-m male runners were asked to run a 600-m race-pace continuous workout and a 2 × 4 × 200-m interval training, counterbalanced and randomized within one week of difference. Blood lactate jointly with linear and nonlinear heart rate dynamics were assessed during the immediate 15-min recovery. Age-category (Under23-Senior vs. Juvenile-Junior) was considered as an inter-subject factor. RESULTS Peak lactate was higher following the interval training (15.51 ± 0.99 vs 13.83 ± 1.77 mmol L-1; P < 0.05) whereas lactate removal was almost nonexistent 15 min after both workouts (between 0 and 16%). Vagal modulation (ln RMSSD and lnRMSSD to RR ratio) remained significantly depressed at the end of recovery following both workouts, although the alteration was larger following the interval training. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis evidenced a more random HR behavior (DFA1 closer to 0.5) during the first 9 min of recovery after the interval training, whereas no significant change was observed in heart rate complexity (SampEn). Neither were differences found in post-exercise lactate and HR dynamics as a function of age-category. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity workouts commonly used in middle-distance athletics, both race-pace continuous and intervallic approaches, induce a large depression of vagal modulation in highly trained runners, although interval trainings appear to induce even a greater alteration of both linear and nonlinear HR dynamics and a higher post-exercise peak lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martinez-Navarro
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 2Sports Health Unit, 9 de Octubre Vithas Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Montoya
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 2Sports Health Unit, 9 de Octubre Vithas Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - C Blasco-Lafarga
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Silva PHM, de Brito LC, Cabral LLP, Farias-Junior LF, Browne RAV, Vianna LC, Costa EC. Effects of Isometric Biceps Exercise on Blood Pressure in Adults with Hypertension. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:985-993. [PMID: 33618392 DOI: 10.1055/a-1337-2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the acute effects of isometric biceps exercise on resting and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive adults. A total of 12 medicated hypertensive adults (aged 47±7 years; body mass index 27.2±2.7 kg/m2; resting blood pressure 123±12/74±6 mmHg) performed an isometric biceps exercise session (bilateral biceps exercise; 4×1 min at 30% of 1-RM, 2 min recovery) and a control session (without exercise) in a randomized order separated by a 7 to 10-day period. Resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability indexes (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF) were measured pre- and up to 30 min post-sessions. Next, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored during 22-hour post-sessions (awake and asleep periods). No significant changes were observed for resting blood pressure, heart rate, or heart rate variability indexes up to 30 min post-sessions (p>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in average ambulatory blood pressure values in 22-hour (126±11/71±6 mmHg vs. 126±15/71±9 mmHg), awake (127±10/74±6 mmHg vs. 130±14/75±10 mmHg), and asleep (123±15/68±6 mmHg vs. 120±17/66±9 mmHg) periods between the control and isometric sessions, respectively (p>0.05). In conclusion, an isometric biceps exercise session does not elicit an acute antihypertensive effect in adults with hypertension, which suggests that its prescription to improve the acute BP control is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroVASQ - Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Li X, Ono C, Warita N, Shoji T, Nakagawa T, Usukura H, Yu Z, Takahashi Y, Ichiji K, Sugita N, Kobayashi N, Kikuchi S, Kunii Y, Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Nakamura T, Nagami F, Takai T, Ogishima S, Sugawara J, Hoshiai T, Saito M, Tamiya G, Fuse N, Kuriyama S, Yamamoto M, Yaegashi N, Homma N, Tomita H. Heart Rate Information-Based Machine Learning Prediction of Emotions Among Pregnant Women. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:799029. [PMID: 35153864 PMCID: PMC8830335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.799029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extent to which different emotions of pregnant women can be predicted based on heart rate-relevant information as indicators of autonomic nervous system functioning was explored using various machine learning algorithms. Nine heart rate-relevant autonomic system indicators, including the coefficient of variation R-R interval (CVRR), standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), and square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), were measured using a heart rate monitor (MyBeat) and four different emotions including "happy," as a positive emotion and "anxiety," "sad," "frustrated," as negative emotions were self-recorded on a smartphone application, during 1 week starting from 23rd to 32nd weeks of pregnancy from 85 pregnant women. The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), naïve bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting trees (GBT), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning methods were applied to predict the four different emotions based on the heart rate-relevant information. To predict four different emotions, RF also showed a modest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.70. CVRR, RMSSD, SDNN, high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF) mostly contributed to the predictions. GBT displayed the second highest AUC (0.69). Comprehensive analyses revealed the benefits of the prediction accuracy of the RF and GBT methods and were beneficial to establish models to predict emotions based on autonomic nervous system indicators. The results implicated SDNN, RMSSD, CVRR, LF, and HF as important parameters for the predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Warita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoka Shoji
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitomi Usukura
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Ichiji
- Department of Radiological Imaging and Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugita
- Department of Management, Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Saya Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Department of Public Relations and Planning, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takako Takai
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hoshiai
- Department of Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Management, Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Public Relations and Planning, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Homma
- Department of Radiological Imaging and Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Ramakrishnan AG, Adarsh A. R-wave Amplitude Changes and Atypical Heart Rate Changes Accompanying Breath Hold During Low Breathing Rates. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2667-2670. [PMID: 33018555 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports an interesting phenomenon that the amplitude of the QRS complex reduces during inhalation and increases during exhalation and the variation can exceed even 100% during very slow breathing rates (BR). The phenomenon has been consistent in all the nine normal male subjects we have studied with age ranging from 23 to 61 years. Further, at very low respiration rates which included breath holds both after inhalation and exhalation, there are highly significant second and third harmonics of the respiration frequency in the heart rate variability spectrum. On the other hand, the R-wave amplitude changes do not have any noticeable higher harmonics of the BR. Thus, the observed changes in the R-wave amplitude are neither connected to the movement of the heart nor changes in its relative position with respect to the recording electrodes nor the fluctuations in the stroke volume.
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13
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Brenner J, LeBlang S, Lizotte-Waniewski M, Schmidt B, Espinosa PS, DeMets DL, Newberg A, Hennekens CH. Mindfulness with paced breathing reduces blood pressure. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109780. [PMID: 32353795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) and worldwide, due primarily to increased risks of stroke as well as myocardial infarction. While there are therapeutic lifestyle changes and adjunctive pharmacologic medications of proven benefit, recent interest has increasingly focused on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, in particular, Mind-Body Interventions. With respect to BP, it is tempting to speculate that mindfulness with paced breathing will have beneficial effects in the short run that may translate into lowered risks of stroke in the long run. Paced breathing is deep diaphragmatic breathing with typical rates equal to or less than 5-7 breaths per minute compared with the usual rate of 12-14. One plausible mechanism of benefit is that paced breathing stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system which alters neuronal function in specific areas of the brain and reduces stress chemicals. The hypothesis that mindfulness with paced slow breathing reduces BP could be directly tested in randomized trials designed a priori to do so. Subsequently, a finding that mindfulness with paced breathing reduces BP would also lead to direct tests in randomized trials of reductions of carotid atherosclerosis and, if so, a larger scale trial to test whether there is a direct impact of mindfulness with paced breathing on reducing the risks of stroke and MI. If rigorous testing of this medical hypothesis led to positive results this would have large and important clinical and policy implications in the US and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Brenner
- Accelerated Premedical-Medical Program BS/MD at Penn State and Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, United States
| | - Suzanne LeBlang
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, United States.
| | | | - Barbara Schmidt
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, United States
| | - Patricio S Espinosa
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, United States; Marcus Neurosciences Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital and Baptist Health South Florida, United States
| | - David L DeMets
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine & Public Health, United States
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Marcus Institute for Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, United States
| | - Charles H Hennekens
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, United States
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14
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da Silva DF, Mohammad S, Hutchinson KA, Adamo KB. Determination of minimal recording period to assess resting heart rate variability during pregnancy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:431-436. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, resting heart rate variability (rHRV) is measured for 10 min using the last 5 min for analyses (e.g., criterion period). It is unknown whether the measurement period can be shortened in pregnant women as there are currently no established standards. We aimed to compare shorter time segments (e.g., from the 1st to 10th minutes) of the parasympathetic index natural logarithm transformation of root mean square of successive R–R differences (Ln rMSSD) with the criterion period in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Twelve pregnant (age: 30.8 ± 3.4 years; gestational age: 20.1 ± 5.0 weeks) and 15 nonpregnant women (age: 29.8 ± 4.0 years) were included. rHRV was measured using a portable heart rate monitor for 10 min while sitting. Ln rMSSD difference/agreement between shorter time segments and criterion period was analyzed. The result observed between the 4th–5th minutes was the shortest time segment not different from/highly agreed with the criterion period in pregnant women (difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: −0.10 [−0.22 to 0.02]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.06 [−0.38 to 0.25]). In nonpregnant women, the 2nd–3rd-minute segment was the shortest with similar results (difference [95% CI]: −0.04 [−0.15 to 0.07]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.03 [−0.39 to 0.32]). The Ln rMSSD was found to be stable from the 5th–10th minutes and the 3rd–10th minutes in pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively. A shortened rHRV assessment can increase its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings. Novelty Ln rMSSD can be measured for 5 min in pregnant women, with the last 1-min segment analyzed. The last 1-min segment from 3 min can be used for rHRV measurement in nonpregnant women. The shortened rHRV assessment can facilitate its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fernandes da Silva
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
| | - Kelly Ann Hutchinson
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
| | - Kristi Bree Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1L 6N5, Canada
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15
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Pereira LA, Abad CCC, Leiva DF, Oliveira G, Carmo EC, Kobal R, Loturco I. Relationship Between Resting Heart Rate Variability and Intermittent Endurance Performance in Novice Soccer Players. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:355-361. [PMID: 31082316 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1601666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the relationships between the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) and resting heart rate variability (HRV) and submaximal 5'-5' test derived measures in novice male soccer players. Methods: Forty players (11.54 ± 0.58 years) from a soccer academy participated in this study, performing physical tests on two different days, separated by 48 h, as follows: (day 1) resting HRV and Yo-Yo IR1 test, and (day 2) anthropometric assessments (for peak height velocity assessment [PHV]) and the 5'-5' test. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations between Yo-Yo IR1 performance and the remaining variables. A partial correlation analysis was further performed using age, stature, body mass, distance to PHV, and age at PHV as "confounders." Results: The highest correlation score was observed between Yo-Yo IR1 performance and resting HRV, when the absolute age was used as confounder (r = 0.72; p < .05). Conclusions: We observed that a practical measure of parasympathetic activity at rest is largely associated with performance obtained during a traditional intermittent endurance performance test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Everton C Carmo
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport
- c Senac University Center
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16
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da Silva DF, Ferraro ZM, Adamo KB, Machado FA. Endurance Running Training Individually Guided by HRV in Untrained Women. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:736-746. [PMID: 28570494 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
da Silva, DF, Ferraro, ZM, Adamo, KB, and Machado, FA. Endurance running training individually guided by HRV in untrained women. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 736-746, 2019-The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of heart rate variability (HRV)-guided training compared with a standardized prescription on (a) time to complete 5-km running performance (t5km), (b) peak treadmill running speed (Vpeak) and its time limit (tlim at Vpeak), and (c) autonomic cardiac modulation (i.e., parasympathetic activity and recovery) in untrained women. Additionally, we correlated changes in t5km with changes in Vpeak, tlim at Vpeak and autonomic cardiac modulation. Thirty-six untrained women were divided into a HRV-guided training group (HRVG) and a control group (CG). The CG followed a predefined program, alternating moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The determination of MICT or HIIT was based on the pretraining HRV for HRVG. MICT was performed if HRV was <mean - 1 SD of previous measures. Otherwise, HIIT was prescribed. The t5km, Vpeak, tlim at Vpeak, parasympathetic activity (i.e., rMSSD) and parasympathetic reactivation (i.e., HRR) were measured before and after the training period. The t5km decreased to a greater magnitude in the HRVG (-17.5 ± 5.6% vs. -14 ± 4.7%; Effect Size (ES) between-group difference = moderate). rMSSD and tlim at Vpeak only improved in HRVG (+23.3 ± 27.8% and +23.6 ± 31.9%, respectively). The HRVG experienced greater improvements in Vpeak and HRR (Vpeak: 10 ± 7.3% vs. 8.2 ± 4.7%; HRR: 19.1 ± 28.1% vs. 12.6 ± 12.9%; ES between-group difference = small). Although HRVG performed less MICT than CG, the volume of MICT was negatively related to changes in t5km. Vpeak changes were highly correlated with t5km changes. The greater improvements in HRVG for t5km and autonomic modulation reinforce the potential application of this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo F da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabiana A Machado
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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17
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Chang HA, Fang WH, Wan FJ, Tzeng NS, Liu YP, Shyu JF, Huang SY, Chang TC, Chang CC. Age-specific associations among functional COMT Val 158Met polymorphism, resting parasympathetic nervous control and generalized anxiety disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:57-64. [PMID: 30954919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been implicated in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unexamined. Recent evidence reveals that low resting parasympathetic (vagal) control is an endophenotypic predictor of anxiety, while the effect of COMT rs4680 differs at different ages. Thus, we examined whether the COMT Val158Met variant could increase the risk of GAD through decreased resting parasympathetic nervous control in an age-specific manner. COMT rs4680 polymorphism was genotyped in 1,655 Han Chinese adults (1,142 healthy subjects and 513 patients with GAD; age: 20-65). High-frequency power (HF) of heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure resting state parasympathetic nervous regulation. Non-genetic factors, such as gender, smoking status, medication use and comorbidity conditions, were treated as covariates. After adjusting for relevant covariates, there was a significant age x COMT genotype interaction on resting HF of HRV. In younger adults, Met allele carriers had a significantly lower HF index; however, older adults exhibited the opposite pattern, with Val/Val homozygotes exhibiting decreased HF values. Moreover, reduced HF-HRV is associated with increased risk of GAD. Finally, pathway analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of COMT on the risk of GAD via reduced resting HF-HRV, in the aforementioned age-dependent manner. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with risk of GAD via reduced resting parasympathetic nervous control, an age-specific risk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jung Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yia-Ping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwu Shyu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Zhu J, Ji L, Liu C. Heart rate variability monitoring for emotion and disorders of emotion. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:064004. [PMID: 30974428 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion is composed of cognitive processing, physiological response and behavioral reaction. Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the fluctuations between consecutive heartbeat cycles, and is considered as a non-invasive method for evaluating cardiac autonomic function. HRV analysis plays an important role in emotional study and detection. OBJECTIVE In this paper, the physiological foundation of HRV is briefly described, and then the relevant literature relating to HRV-based emotion studies for the performance of HRV in different emotions, emotion recognition, the evaluation of emotional disorders, HRV biofeedback, as well as HRV-based emotion analysis and management enhanced by wearable devices, are reviewed. SIGNIFICANCE It is suggested that HRV is an effective tool for the measurement and regulation of emotional response, with a broad application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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19
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Nakayama N, Arakawa N, Ejiri H, Matsuda R, Makino T. Heart rate variability can clarify students' level of stress during nursing simulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195280. [PMID: 29621278 PMCID: PMC5886456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulation is regarded as an effective educational method for the delivery of clinical scenarios. However, exposure to unfamiliar environments during simulation can cause excessive stress among students, possibly leading to unnatural speech/behavior and poor skill learning (Yerkes-Dodson’s law). Thus, assessing students’ stress in a simulation can provide educators with a better understanding of their mental state. This study sought to clarify stress changes throughout the progression of the simulation by measuring heart rate variability and students’ subjective reactions in 74 nursing students. Heart rate variability was calculated in terms of its high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) components during 4 phases—the break, patient care, reporting, and debriefing. Students were interviewed about stress experienced during the simulation. The results showed that HF decreased significantly from the break to the patient care and reporting phases. Furthermore, LF/HF increased significantly from the break to the reporting phases. Approximately 55 students felt stressed during the simulation, 24 of whom felt most stressed during the reporting phase. Therefore, the reporting phase involved high objective and subjective stress. It may be possible that the educator’s evaluative attitude increased students’ stress. Therefore, a stress intervention during the reporting phase might further improve students’ performance during that phase. The debriefing phase did not significantly differ from the break phase for objective stress, and students did not report feeling stressed. Thus, in this phase, they were released from the stress of the reporting phase and the unfamiliar environment. During this phase, they might be able to learn what they could not understand owing to high stress in the patient care and reporting phases. This study provides objective and subjective evidence of students’ stress during simulation, and indicates the necessity of providing support during the reporting phase and the importance of debriefing when using clinical scenarios for teaching clinical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Nakayama
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoko Arakawa
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Harumi Ejiri
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reiko Matsuda
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuneko Makino
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Huang JH, Chang HA, Fang WH, Ho PS, Liu YP, Wan FJ, Tzeng NS, Shyu JF, Chang CC. Serotonin receptor 1A promoter polymorphism, rs6295, modulates human anxiety levels via altering parasympathetic nervous activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:263-272. [PMID: 29363117 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The G-allele of the -1019C/G (rs6295) promoter polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1A) gene has been implicated in anxiety; however, the underlying neurophysiological processes are still not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that low parasympathetic (vagal) tone is predictive of anxiety. We thus conducted a structural equation model (SEM) to examine whether the HTR1A rs6295 variant can affect anxiety by altering parasympathetic nervous activity. METHOD A sample of 1141 drug-free healthy Han Chinese was recruited for HTR1A genotyping. Autonomic nervous function was assessed by short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Anxiety and stress levels were evaluated by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) respectively. RESULTS The number of the HTR1A G allele was inversely correlated with high-frequency power (HF), a parasympathetic index of HRV. The HF index was negatively associated with BAI scores. Furthermore, the good-fitting SEM, adjusting for confounding variables (e.g., age and PSS levels), revealed a significant pathway linking rs6295 variant to BAI scores via HF index modulation. CONCLUSION These results are the first to show that HTR1A -1019C/G polymorphism influences anxiety levels by modulating parasympathetic tone, providing a neurophysiological insight into the role of HTR1A in human anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-A Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-H Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-S Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-P Liu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-J Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N-S Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-F Shyu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Effect of repeated-sprints on the reliability of short-term parasympathetic reactivation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192231. [PMID: 29408911 PMCID: PMC5800600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the reliability of post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and vagal-related HR variability (HRV) after repeated-sprints (RSs), and contrasted it with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) of these indices. Fourteen healthy male participants performed on four occasions, separated by 7 days, five 30-m sprints interspersed by 25-s of recovery. Post-exercise HR during 10 min of seated rest was measured. HRR during the first 60-s of recovery was computed (HRR60s). HRV indices were calculated in time and frequency domains during the last 5-min of the recovery. Absolute and relative reliability were assessed by typical error of measurement expressed as coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively. Sensitivity was assessed comparing SWC to the typical error of measurement. CV ranged from 3.6% to 13.5% and from 6.3% to 109.2% for the HRR and HRV indices, respectively. ICCs were from 0.78 to 0.96 and from 0.76 to 0.92, respectively. HRR and HRV indices showed large discrepancies reliability. HRR60s and the square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals presented the highest levels of both absolute and relative reliability. However, SWC was lower than the typical error of measurement, indicating insufficient sensitivity to confidently detect small, but meaningful, changes in HRR and HRV indices.
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22
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Martínez-Navarro I, Chiva-Bartoll O, Hernando B, Collado E, Porcar V, Hernando C. Hydration Status, Executive Function, and Response to Orthostatism After a 118-km Mountain Race: Are They Interrelated? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:441-449. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Proietti R, di Fronso S, Pereira LA, Bortoli L, Robazza C, Nakamura FY, Bertollo M. Heart Rate Variability Discriminates Competitive Levels in Professional Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1719-1725. [PMID: 28538325 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been increasingly used to monitor team sports athletes. Besides the traditional time domain indices (i.e., the SD of successive RR intervals [SDNN] and the root mean square difference of successive normal RR intervals [RMSSD]), recently the use of the stress score (SS), which is an inverse function of the SD2 index derived from the Poincaré plot, and the sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio (S/PS) to monitor soccer players has been proposed. However, the reliability of these new indices and the ability of HRV to differentiate between soccer competitive levels are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of the different HRV-derived indices in professional soccer players during the competitive period and to compare HRV of professional soccer players from 3 teams of distinct competitive levels (i.e., Italian Second Division [2D], European League [EL], and Champions League [CL]). Fifty-four male professional soccer players from 3 different teams of 2 European countries (Italy and Germany) participated in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficient values of the HRV indices varied from 0.78 (very large) to 0.90 (near perfect). The coefficient of variation (CV) values for RMSSD and SDNN were all <5.00%, although the CV for SS was 6.13% and for S/PS, it was 21.33%. Both the CL and EL groups, assumed to be internationally qualified, presented higher lnRMSSD and lnSDNN and lower lnSS and S/PS than the 2D. Therefore, the HRV can be considered reliable in professional soccer players and is able to differentiate between international- and national-level players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Proietti
- 1Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; 2A.S.Pescara Calcio, Pescara, Italy; 3BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center -"G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; 4Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; 5NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil; and 6Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Cal Abad CC, Cruz IF, Flatt AA, Esco MR, Loturco I. Adequacy of the Ultra-Short-Term HRV to Assess Adaptive Processes in Youth Female Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet 2017; 56:73-80. [PMID: 28469745 PMCID: PMC5384054 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability has been widely used to monitor athletes’ cardiac autonomic control changes induced by training and competition, and recently shorter recording times have been sought to improve its practicality. The aim of this study was to test the agreement between the (ultra-short-term) natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (lnRMSSD - measured in only 1 min post-1 min stabilization) and the criterion lnRMSSD (measured in the last 5 min out of 10 min of recording) in young female basketball players. Furthermore, the correlation between training induced delta change in the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD was calculated. Seventeen players were assessed at rest pre- and post-eight weeks of training. Trivial effect sizes (-0.03 in the pre- and 0.10 in the post- treatment) were found in the comparison between the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD (3.29 ± 0.45 and 3.49 ± 0.35 ms, in the pre- and post-, respectively) and the criterion lnRMSSD (3.30 ± 0.40 and 3.45 ± 0.41 ms, in the pre- and post-, respectively) (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95 and 0.93). In both cases, the response to training was significant, with Pearson’s correlation of 0.82 between the delta changes of the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD. In conclusion, the lnRMSSD can be calculated within only 2 min of data acquisition (the 1st min discarded) in young female basketball players, with the ultra-short-term measure presenting similar sensitivity to training effects as the standard criterion measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Y Nakamura
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar C Cal Abad
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor F Cruz
- Associação Desportiva Classista Bradesco/Osasco, Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- University of Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- University of Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chang CC, Fang WH, Chang HA, Chang TC, Shyu JF, Huang SY. Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) gene promoter variant interacts with chronic perceived stress to modulate resting parasympathetic activity in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:119-126. [PMID: 27912162 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreased resting vagal (parasympathetic) tone is implicated in the development of stress-related disorders, including anxiety and depression. Chronic stress elevates the expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A), while activation of 5-HT2A leads to inhibition of parasympathetic synaptic transmission. The T allele of the promoter variant, rs6311 (C>T), of the 5-HT2A gene has been shown to increase the 5-HT2A expression in vitro and to be associated with anxiety and depressive disorders. We thus hypothesized that the 5-HT2A functional polymorphism may influence resting vagal activity among persons with chronically high levels of perceived stress. A total of 1138 well-defined healthy, medication-free Han Chinese were included for 5-HT2A genotyping. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure the level of perceived stress during the last month and participants were divided into low and high PSS groups. Resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess autonomic function. No significant between-genotype difference was found in any HRV variable in the low PSS group (n=610). However, in the high PSS group (n=528), high frequency power and root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences (both HRV indices of parasympathetic activity) were significantly reduced in T/T genotype carriers compared to C/C homozygotes. Our findings are the first to show that individuals homozygous for the high-expressing 5-HT2A (T) allele exhibit diminished resting vagal tone-an index of stress vulnerability-when experiencing chronically elevated levels of perceived stress. The present results may advance our understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying individual differences in susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwa Shyu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Flatt AA, Esco MR, Nakamura FY. Individual Heart Rate Variability Responses to Preseason Training in High Level Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:531-538. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Association of neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism (rs16147) with perceived stress and cardiac vagal outflow in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31683. [PMID: 27527739 PMCID: PMC4985655 DOI: 10.1038/srep31683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in resilience to stress, and higher vagal (parasympathetic) activity has been associated with greater stress resilience. Thus, we examined whether rs16147, a functional promoter polymorphism (C>T) of the NPY gene, could influence vagal tone during chronic high stress levels. NPY genotyping, chronic psychological stress level measurement (using the Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), cardiac autonomic function assessment (using short-term heart rate variability [HRV]) were performed in 1123 healthy, drug-free Han Chinese participants who were divided into low- and high-PSS groups. In the high-PSS group (n = 522), the root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences and high frequency power (both HRV indices of parasympathetic activity) were significantly increased in T/T homozygotes compared to C/C homozygotes. However, no significant between-genotype difference was found in any HRV variable in the low-PSS group (n = 601). Our results are the first to demonstrate that functional NPY variation alters chronic stress-related vagal control, suggesting a potential parasympathetic role for NPY gene in stress regulation.
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Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Rabelo FN, Flatt AA, Esco MR, Bertollo M, Loturco I. Monitoring weekly heart rate variability in futsal players during the preseason: the importance of maintaining high vagal activity. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2262-2268. [PMID: 27214584 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1186282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the weekly natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal inter-beat (RR) intervals (ln RMSSDWeekly) and its coefficient of variation (ln RMSSDCV) in response to 5 weeks of preseason training in professional male futsal players. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between ln RMSSDWeekly and ln RMSSDCV. The ln RMSSD is a measure of cardiac-vagal activity, and ln RMSSDCV represents the perturbations of cardiac autonomic homeostasis, which may be useful for assessing how athletes are coping with training. Ten futsal players had their resting ln RMSSD recorded prior to the first daily training session on four out of approximately five regular training days · week-1. Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was quantified for all training sessions. Despite weekly sRPE varying between 3455 ± 300 and 5243 ± 463 arbitrary units (a.u.), the group changes in ln RMSSDWeekly were rated as unclear (using magnitude-based inference), although large inter-individual variability in ln RMSSD responses was observed. The ln RMSSDCV in weeks 4 and 5 were likely lower than the previous weeks. A large and significant negative correlation (r = -0.53; CI 90%: -0.36; -0.67) was found between ln RMSSD and ln RMSSDCV. Therefore, monitoring individual ln RMSSD responses is suggested since large inter-individual variations may exist in response to futsal training. In addition, higher values of ln RMSSD are associated with lower oscillations of cardiac autonomic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Y Nakamura
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Physical Education , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Felipe N Rabelo
- c Department of Futsal , Sport Club Corinthians Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- d Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- d Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- e Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center , University "G. d'Annuzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Irineu Loturco
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil
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Wang YP, Kuo TBJ, Li JY, Lai CT, Yang CCH. The relationships between heart rate deceleration capacity and spectral indices of heart rate variability during different breathing frequencies. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1281-7. [PMID: 26832134 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of breathing influences the spectral powers of heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the magnitudes of heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) and acceleration capacity (AC). We compared the strength of their relationships under different breathing frequencies. METHODS We studied 14 healthy young adults who breathed spontaneously and controlled their breathing rates to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 Hz in a supine position. A 5-min R-R interval time series without movement artefacts or ectopic beats was obtained for each study period. Spectral indices were defined as the square roots of spectral powers in the very low frequency (0.01-0.04 Hz), low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency (0.15-0.4 Hz) and respiratory frequency bands. We also combined these frequency bands into LHF (0.04-0.4 Hz) and VLHF (0.01-0.4 Hz). DC and AC were obtained using phase rectified signal averaging. RESULTS DC and AC were significantly correlated with all indices of HRV. The within-subject correlation coefficients for the LHF index had the greatest absolute values (0.953 and -0.919, respectively). DC and AC had different strength of relationships with the LHF index, but became comparable (0.954 vs. -0.943) when the data obtained under 0.1-Hz breathing were excluded. CONCLUSION DC is strongly correlated with the spectral index of the LHF band, indicating that they are controlled by similar influences under the conditions used in this study. AC is less related to the LHF index due to the fact that its magnitude deceases during 0.1-Hz breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Medicine, Stroke and Neurovascular Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang CC, Fang WH, Chang HA, Huang SY. Functional Ser205Leu polymorphism of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene is associated with vagal autonomic dysregulation in humans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13136. [PMID: 26278479 PMCID: PMC4538378 DOI: 10.1038/srep13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that reduced cardiac vagal (parasympathetic) tone, a robust cardiovascular risk factor, is a trait vulnerability marker of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Ser205/Ser205 genotype of the functional polymorphism (Ser205Leu) of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), also called p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), gene is reported to increase the risk of MDD. Here, we hypothesized that the NGFR Ser205Leu polymorphism may have an effect on vagal control. A sample of 810 healthy, drug-free, unrelated Han Chinese (413 males, 397 females; mean age 35.17 ± 8.53 years) was included in the NGFR genotyping. Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess vagus-mediated autonomic function. Potential HRV covariates, such as mood/anxiety status and serum metabolic parameters, were assessed. Homozygotes of the Ser205 allele had significantly lower high frequency power and root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences, both HRV indices of vagal modulation, compared to Leu205 allele carriers. Even after adjusting for relevant confounders, these associations remained significant. Further stratification by sex revealed that the associations were observed only in males. Our results implicate that decreased parasympathetic activity is associated with the NGFR Ser205/Ser205 genotype in a gender-specific manner, suggesting a potential role of NGFR polymorphism in modulating cardiac autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tian Y, Huang C, He Z, Hong P, Zhao J. Autonomic function responses to training: Correlation with body composition changes. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:308-13. [PMID: 26253213 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The causal relation between autonomic function and adiposity is an unresolved issue. Thus, we studied whether resting heart rate variability (HRV) changes could be used to predict changes in body composition after 16 weeks of individualized exercise training. METHODS A total of 117 sedentary overweight/obese adults volunteered to join an intervention group (IN, n=82) or a control group (CON, n=35). The intervention group trained for 30-40 min three times a week with an intensity of 85-100% of individual ventilatory threshold (Thvent). At baseline and after a 16-week training period, resting HRV variables, body composition and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were assessed. RESULTS Compared with CON, exercise training significantly improved HRV and body composition and increased VO2peak (P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between changes of HRV variables and body composition indices and VO2peak (P<0.05). Greater individual changes in HRV in response to exercise training were observed for those with greater total and central fat loss. CONCLUSION Individual aerobic-based exercise training was for improving autonomic function and resting HRV responses to aerobic training is a potential indicator for adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanye Huang
- Department of Sports Science, Shandong University of Sport, Shandong, China
| | - Zihong He
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Hong
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Vernillo G, Agnello L, Barbuti A, Di Meco S, Lombardi G, Merati G, La Torre A. Postexercise autonomic function after repeated-sprints training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26215172 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of an 8-week repeated-sprint (RS) training protocol on postexercise parasympathetic reactivation (PNSr) in healthy adults. METHODS Eighteen male adults (24.3 ± 3.7 years) were assigned to either of two groups. One group (n = 9) performed RS training (EXP, 3 times week(-1), 18 maximal all-out 15-m sprints interspersed with 17 s of passive recovery); the other served as the control group (CON, n = 9). Performance before, during, and after was assessed by measuring RS ability time (S dec) and total sprint time. The subjects were then seated for 10 min immediately after each trial and postexercise HR recovery (HRR), and vagal-related HR variability (HRV) indices were measured. RESULTS All subjects demonstrated a decrease in S dec. However, only EXP showed a decrease in total sprint time (-10.5 % of baseline value). Using a qualitative statistical analysis method, we found a likely to almost certain positive effect of RS training on HR. The mean of each HRR and HRV index indicated a greater change in PNSr in EXP than in CON (e.g. with a 78/22/1 % chance to demonstrate a positive/trivial/negative effect on HRR60s after RS training; 74/21/5 % on LN rMSSD5-10min). Large correlations were noted between the changes in S dec [r = 0.59, 90 % CI (0.43)], total sprint time [r = -0.61 (0.42)] and HRR60s. CONCLUSION RS training seems to be an effective method to improve postexercise PNSr in healthy adults. Also, HRR60s appears to be a method for evaluating positive adaption to RS training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,CeRiSM, Research Center for Sport, Mountain and Health, University of Verona, Roveretos, TN, Italy. .,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Luca Agnello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Medicina Molecolare e Biofisica Applicata (CIMMBA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Meco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Kramer 4/a, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Roberts LA, Muthalib M, Stanley J, Lichtwark G, Nosaka K, Coombes JS, Peake JM. Effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on hemodynamics and recovery of muscle strength following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R389-98. [PMID: 26062633 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cold water immersion (CWI) and active recovery (ACT) are frequently used as postexercise recovery strategies. However, the physiological effects of CWI and ACT after resistance exercise are not well characterized. We examined the effects of CWI and ACT on cardiac output (Q̇), muscle oxygenation (SmO2), blood volume (tHb), muscle temperature (Tmuscle), and isometric strength after resistance exercise. On separate days, 10 men performed resistance exercise, followed by 10 min CWI at 10°C or 10 min ACT (low-intensity cycling). Q̇ (7.9 ± 2.7 l) and Tmuscle (2.2 ± 0.8°C) increased, whereas SmO2 (-21.5 ± 8.8%) and tHb (-10.1 ± 7.7 μM) decreased after exercise (P < 0.05). During CWI, Q̇ (-1.1 ± 0.7 l) and Tmuscle (-6.6 ± 5.3°C) decreased, while tHb (121 ± 77 μM) increased (P < 0.05). In the hour after CWI, Q̇ and Tmuscle remained low, while tHb also decreased (P < 0.05). By contrast, during ACT, Q̇ (3.9 ± 2.3 l), Tmuscle (2.2 ± 0.5°C), SmO2 (17.1 ± 5.7%), and tHb (91 ± 66 μM) all increased (P < 0.05). In the hour after ACT, Tmuscle, and tHb remained high (P < 0.05). Peak isometric strength during 10-s maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) did not change significantly after CWI, whereas it decreased after ACT (-30 to -45 Nm; P < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation time during MVCs increased after ACT (P < 0.05), but not after CWI. Muscle reoxygenation time after MVCs tended to increase after CWI (P = 0.052). These findings suggest first that hemodynamics and muscle temperature after resistance exercise are dependent on ambient temperature and metabolic demands with skeletal muscle, and second, that recovery of strength after resistance exercise is independent of changes in hemodynamics and muscle temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llion A Roberts
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Makii Muthalib
- Movement to Health Laboratory, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamie Stanley
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia; Physiology Department, South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Glen Lichtwark
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Kingsley JD, Figueroa A. Acute and training effects of resistance exercise on heart rate variability. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 36:179-87. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Derek Kingsley
- Human Performance and Autonomic Studies Laboratory; Kent State University; Kent OH USA
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences; The Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
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Cao L, Pilowsky PM. Quiet standing after carbohydrate ingestion induces sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses in young healthy males. Auton Neurosci 2014; 185:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chang CC, Chang HA, Chen TY, Fang WH, Huang SY. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism affects sympathetic tone in a gender-specific way. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 47:17-25. [PMID: 25001952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Val/Val genotype of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism (Val66Met) has been reported to affect human anxiety-related phenotypes. Substantial research has demonstrated that anxiety is associated with sympathetic activation, while sex steroid hormones have been shown to exert differential actions in regulating BDNF expression. Thus, we examined whether the BDNF variant modulates autonomic function in a gender-dependent manner. From 708 adults initially screened for medical and psychiatric illnesses, a final cohort of 583 drug-free healthy Han Chinese (355 males, 228 females; age 34.43±8.42 years) was recruited for BDNF genotyping (Val/Val: 136, 23.3%, Val/Met: 294, 50.4%, and Met/Met: 153, 26.2%). Time- and frequency-domain analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) were used to assess autonomic outflow to the heart. Significant genotype-by-gender interaction effects were found on HRV indices. Even after adjusting for possible confounders, male participants bearing the Val/Val genotype had significant increases in low frequency (LF), LF% and LF/high frequency (HF) ratio, indicating altered sympathovagal balance with increased sympathetic modulation, compared to male Met/Met homozygotes. Females, however, showed an opposite but non-significant pattern. These results suggest that the studied BDNF polymorphism is associated with sympathetic control in a gender-specific way. The findings here support the view that male subjects with the Val/Val genotype have increased risk of anxiety by association with sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tenan MS, Brothers RM, Tweedell AJ, Hackney AC, Griffin L. Changes in resting heart rate variability across the menstrual cycle. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:996-1004. [PMID: 24942292 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive indicator of autonomic control. This study examines HRV changes across a normal menstrual cycle and proposes a novel piecewise function controlling for the effects of breathing on HRV spectral parameters. A resting ECG was collected from 13 women at five points in their menstrual cycle. Both heart rate and breathing rate increased across the cycle (p < .01) while time-domain variability decreased (p = .04). Use of the piecewise function for breathing rate in HRV spectral analysis was confirmed by a substantial increase in model goodness-of-fit. HRV spectral parameters, controlled for breathing with the piecewise function, confirm that the decrease in variability is likely due to a parasympathetic withdrawal, since high frequency HRV decreases (p = .02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Tenan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; United States Army Research Laboratory-Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
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Zupanic E, Zivanovic I, Kalisnik JM, Avbelj V, Lainscak M. The Effect of 4-week Rehabilitation on Heart Rate Variability and QTc Interval in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2014; 11:659-69. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.898046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Okuno NM, Pedro RE, Leicht AS, de Paula Ramos S, Nakamura FY. Cardiac Autonomic Recovery After a Single Session of Resistance Exercise With and Without Vascular Occlusion. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:1143-50. [PMID: 24077384 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo M Okuno
- 1Department of Physical Education, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil; 2Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; 3Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; and 4Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Breathing frequency-independent effect of Tai Chi Chuan on autonomic modulation. Clin Auton Res 2014; 24:47-52. [PMID: 24509942 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-014-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the breathing frequency (BF)-independent effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on autonomic nervous modulation in TCC practitioners. METHODS Twenty-five TCC practitioners and 25 sedentary normal controls were recruited. The stationary heart rate variability (HRV) measures of TCC practitioners and controls were compared. The same HRV measures in TCC practitioners and among the controls, TCC practitioners before TCC and TCC practitioners 30 min after TCC were compared. RESULTS In TCC practitioners, the BF, normalized high-frequency power (nHFP), and normalized very low-frequency power were significantly increased, while the normalized low-frequency power (nLFP) was significantly decreased 30 min after TCC. The BF correlated significantly and negatively with heart rate (HR), nHFP and nLFP, and correlated significantly and positively with mean RR interval (MnRR) before TCC in TCC practitioners. A slower BF is associated with a higher HR, a greater vagal modulation, and a greater combined sympatho-vagal modulation before TCC. To remove the effect of BF on HRV measures, new indices such as HR*BF, nHFP*BF, nLFP*BF, and MnRR/BF were introduced for comparison among the controls, TCC practitioners before TCC, and TCC practitioners 30 min after TCC. Thirty minutes after TCC, the MnRR/BF of TCC practitioner was smaller whereas HR*BF and nHFP*BF were greater than those before TCC. INTERPRETATION The BF-independent effects of TCC on the autonomic nervous modulation of TCC practitioners are an increase in vagal modulation and HR, and a decrease in mean RR interval. The mechanism underlying the parallel increase in HR and vagal modulation in TCC practitioners is not understood yet at present.
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Wang YP, Kuo TBJ, Lai CT, Chu JW, Yang CCH. Effects of respiratory time ratio on heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1648-55. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00163.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paced breathing is a frequently performed technique for cardiovascular autonomic studies. The relative timing of inspiration and expiration during paced breathing, however, is not consistent. We, therefore, examined whether indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity would be affected by the respiratory time ratio that is set. We studied 14 healthy young adults who controlled their breathing rates to either 0.1 or 0.25 Hz in the supine and sitting positions. Four different inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratios (I/E) (uncontrolled, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were examined for each condition in a randomized order. The results showed spectral indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were not influenced by the I/E that was set during paced breathing under supine and sitting positions. Porta's and Guzik's indexes of heart rate asymmetry were also not different at various I/E during 0.1-Hz breathing, but had larger values at 1:1 during 0.25-Hz breathing, although significant change was found in the sitting position only. At the same time, Porta's and Guzik's indexes obtained during 0.1-Hz breathing were greater than during 0.25-Hz breathing in both positions. The authors suggest that setting the I/E during paced breathing is not necessary when measuring spectral indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity under the conditions used in this study. The necessity of paced breathing for the measurement of heart rate asymmetry, however, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B. J. Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Wen Chu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C. H. Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Blasco-Lafarga C, Martínez-Navarro I, Mateo-March M. Is baseline cardiac autonomic modulation related to performance and physiological responses following a supramaximal Judo test? PLoS One 2013; 8:e78584. [PMID: 24205273 PMCID: PMC3799641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Little research exists concerning Heart Rate (HR) Variability (HRV) following supramaximal efforts focused on upper-body explosive strength-endurance. Since they may be very demanding, it seems of interest to analyse the relationship among performance, lactate and HR dynamics (i.e. HR, HRV and complexity) following them; as well as to know how baseline cardiac autonomic modulation mediates these relationships. The present study aimed to analyse associations between baseline and post-exercise HR dynamics following a supramaximal Judo test, and their relationship with lactate, in a sample of 22 highly-trained male judoists (20.70±4.56 years). A large association between the increase in HR from resting to exercise condition and performance suggests that individuals exerted a greater sympathetic response to achieve a better performance (Rating of Perceived Exertion: 20; post-exercise peak lactate: 11.57±2.24 mmol/L; 95.76±4.13 % of age-predicted HRmax). Athletes with higher vagal modulation and lower sympathetic modulation at rest achieved both a significant larger ∆HR and a faster post-exercise lactate removal. A enhanced resting parasympathetic modulation might be therefore related to a further usage of autonomic resources and a better immediate metabolic recovery during supramaximal exertions. Furthermore, analyses of variance displayed a persistent increase in α1 and a decrease in lnRMSSD along the 15 min of recovery, which are indicative of a diminished vagal modulation together with a sympathovagal balance leaning to sympathetic domination. Eventually, time-domain indices (lnRMSSD) showed no lactate correlations, while nonlinear indices (α1 and lnSaEn) appeared to be moderate to strongly correlated with it, thus pointing to shared mechanisms between neuroautonomic and metabolic regulation.
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Saboul D, Pialoux V, Hautier C. The impact of breathing on HRV measurements: Implications for the longitudinal follow-up of athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 13:534-42. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.767947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Guerra ZF, Peçanha T, Moreira DN, Silva LP, Laterza MC, Nakamura FY, Lima JRP. Effects of load and type of physical training on resting and postexercise cardiac autonomic control. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 34:114-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaqueline F. Guerra
- Laboratory of Motor Assessment; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Tiago Peçanha
- Laboratory of Motor Assessment; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Débora N. Moreira
- Laboratory of Motor Assessment; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Lilian P. Silva
- Faculty of Physiotherapy; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Mateus C. Laterza
- Laboratory of Motor Assessment; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Fábio Y. Nakamura
- Department of Physical Education; State University of Londrina; Londrina Brazil
| | - Jorge R. P. Lima
- Laboratory of Motor Assessment; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
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Bara-Filho MG, Freitas DS, Moreira D, Matta MDO, Lima JRPD, Nakamura FY. Heart rate variability and soccer training: a case study. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742013000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor changes in HRV indices of two players of the same soccer team during a training period. Training loads of each session of the 3-week period were monitored by means of the training impulses (TRIMP) method. Resting RR intervals at supine position were obtained at five moments over 3-week period. The HRV indices (SD1, SDNN, RMSSD and HF) followed similar inter-subject patterns. They had similar values at M1 and, from M2, these variables were greater in athlete 1 than in athlete 2. At M2 and M4, athlete 1 presented a parasympathetic rebound, especially in SD1, SDNN and RMSSD, whereas athlete 2 presented reduction of these indices. We can advance that indices of HRV can be useful to monitor the effects of soccer training/competitive loads on parasympathetic modulation, being sensitive to both individual characteristics and to periods of stress and recovery.
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Mendonca GV, Pereira FD, Fernhall B. Heart rate recovery and variability following combined aerobic and resistance exercise training in adults with and without Down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:353-361. [PMID: 23006505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Persons with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and there is compelling evidence of autonomic dysfunction in these individuals. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether a combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention produces similar results in cardiac autonomic function between adults with and without DS. Twenty-five participants (13 DS; 12 non-DS), aged 27-50 years, were included. Aerobic training was performed 3 days/week for 30 min at 65-85% of peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)). Resistance training was prescribed for 2 days/week and consisted of two rotations in a circuit of 9 exercises at 12-repetition-maximum. There was a significant improvement in the VO(2peak) and muscle strength of participants with and without DS after training. Heart rate recovery improved at 1 min post-exercise, but only in participants with DS. Both groups of participants exhibited a similar increase in normalized high frequency power and of decrease in normalized low frequency power after training. Therefore, 12 weeks of exercise training enhanced the heart rate recovery in adults with DS, but not in those without DS. Contrasting, the intervention elicited similar gains between groups for cardiovagal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo V Mendonca
- Center of Human Performance, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal.
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Krasnikov GV, Tyurina MY, Tankanag AV, Piskunova GM, Chemeris NK. Analysis of heart rate variability and skin blood flow oscillations under deep controlled breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 185:562-70. [PMID: 23174619 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of deep breathing controlled in both rate (0.25, 0.16, 0.1, 0.07, 0.05 and 0.03 Hz) and amplitude on the heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration-dependent oscillations of forearm/finger skin blood flow (SBF) has been studied in 29 young healthy volunteers. The influence of sympathovagal balance on the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude and respiratory SBF oscillations has been studied. The subjects with predominant parasympathetic tonus had statistically significant higher RSA amplitudes in the breathing rate region of 0.03-0.07 Hz than the subjects with predominant sympathetic tonus. In the finger-cushion zone, having a well-developed sympathetic vascular innervations, the amplitudes of respiratory SBF oscillations at breathing rates 0.05 and 0.07 Hz were higher in the group of subjects with predominant parasympathetic tonus. In the forearm skin, where the density of sympathetic innervations is low comparatively to that in the finger skin, no statistically significant differences in the amplitude of respiratory SBF oscillations were found concerning the two groups of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Krasnikov
- Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Prospekt Lenina, 125, Tula 300026, Russia
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Perring S, Jones E. Assessment of changes in cardiac autonomic tone resulting from inflammatory response to the influenza vaccination. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 32:437-444. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2012.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Perring
- Medical Physics; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole; UK
| | - E. Jones
- Medical Physics; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole; UK
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Cohen G, Katz-Salamon M, Malcolm G. A key circulatory defence against asphyxia in infancy--the heart of the matter! J Physiol 2012; 590:6157-65. [PMID: 23006482 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A resumption of, and escalation in, breathing efforts (hyperpnoea) reflexively accelerates heart rate (HR) and may facilitate cardiac and circulatory recovery from apnoea. We analysed whether this mechanism can produce a sustained rise in HR (tachycardia) when a sleeping infant is confronted by mild, rapidly worsening asphyxia, simulating apnoea. Twenty-seven healthy term-born infants aged 1-8 days rebreathed the expired gas for 90 s during quiet sleep to stimulate breathing and heart rate. To discriminate cardio-excitatory effects of central respiratory drive, lung inflation, hypoxia, hypercapnia and asphyxia, we varied the inspired O(2) level and compared temporal changes in response profiles as respiratory sensitivity to hypoxia and asphyxia 'reset' after birth. We demonstrate that asphyxia-induced hyperpnoea and tachycardia strengthen dramatically over the first week with different time courses and via separate mechanisms. Cardiac excitation by hypercapnia improves first, followed by a slower improvement in respiratory hypoxic drive. A rise in CO(2) consequently elicits stronger, longer lasting tachycardia than moderate increases in respiratory drive or lung expansion. We suggest that without a strong facilitating action of CO(2) on the immature heart, respiratory manoeuvres may be unable to reflexively counteract strong vagal bradycardia. This may increase the vulnerability of some infants to apnoea-asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Cohen
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Al Haddad H, Mendez-Villanueva A, Bourdon PC, Buchheit M. Effect of acute hypoxia on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation in healthy men. Front Physiol 2012; 3:289. [PMID: 22934041 PMCID: PMC3429061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we assessed the effect of acute hypoxia on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation inferred from heart rate (HR) recovery (HRR) and HR variability (HRV) indices. Ten healthy males participated in this study. Following 10 min of seated rest, participants performed 5 min of submaximal running at the speed associated with the first ventilatory threshold (Sub) followed by a 20-s all-out supramaximal sprint (Supra). Both Sub and Supra runs were immediately followed by 15 min of seated passive recovery. The resting and exercise sequence were performed in both normoxia (N) and normobaric hypoxia (H; FiO2 = 15.4%). HRR indices (e.g., heart beats recovered in the first minute after exercise cessation, HRR60s) and vagal-related HRV indices [i.e., natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences between adjacent normal R–R intervals (Ln rMSSD)] were calculated for both conditions. Difference in the changes between N and H for all HR-derived indices were also calculated for both Sub and Supra. HRR60s was greater in N compared with H following Sub only (60 ± 14 vs. 52 ± 19 beats min−1, P = 0.016). Ln rMSSD was greater in N compared with H (post Sub: 3.60 ± 0.45 vs. 3.28 ± 0.44 ms in N and H, respectively, and post Supra: 2.66 ± 0.54 vs. 2.65 ± 0.63 ms, main condition effect P = 0.02). When comparing the difference in the changes, hypoxia decreased HRR60s (−14.3% ± 17.2 vs. 5.2% ± 19.3; following Sub and Supra, respectively; P = 0.03) and Ln rMSSD (−8.6% ± 7.0 vs. 2.0% ± 13.3, following Sub and Supra, respectively; P = 0.08, Cohen’s effect size = 0.62) more following Sub than Supra. While hypoxia may delay parasympathetic reactivation following submaximal exercise, its effect is not apparent following supramaximal exercise. This may suggest that the effect of blood O2 partial pressure on parasympathetic reactivation is limited under heightened sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Al Haddad
- Physiology Unit, Sport Science Department, Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence Doha, Qatar
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