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Ma Y, Han C, Xie C, Dang Q, Yang L, Li Y, Zhang M, Cheng J, Yang Y, Xu Q, Li P. ATP promotes resident CD34 + cell migration mainly through P2Y2-Stim1-ERK/p38 pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1228-C1243. [PMID: 37721000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most abundant biochemical constitutes within the stem cell microenvironment and is postulated to play critical roles in cell migration. However, it is unclear whether ATP regulates the cell migration of CD34+ vascular wall-resident stem/progenitor cells (VW-SCs) and participates in angiogenesis. Therefore, the biological mechanisms of cell migration mediated by ATP was determined by in vivo subcutaneous matrigel plug assay, ex vivo aortic ring assay, in vitro transwell migration assay, and other molecular methods. In the present study, ATP dose-dependently promoted CD34+ VW-SCs migration, which was more obviously attenuated by inhibiting or knocking down P2Y2 than P2Y6. Furthermore, it was confirmed that ATP potently promoted the migration of resident CD34+ cells from cultured aortic artery rings and differentiation into endothelial cells in matrigel plugs by using inducible lineage tracing Cd34-CreERT2; R26-tdTomato mice, whereas P2Y2 and P2Y6 blocker greatly inhibited the effect of ATP. In addition, ATP enhanced the protein expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) on cell membrane, blocking the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel with shSTIM1 or BTP2 apparently inhibited ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ elevation and channel opening, thereby suppressing ATP-driven cell migration. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 remarkably inhibited ERK and p38 phosphorylation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and subsequent cell migration. Unexpectedly, it was found that knocking down STIM1 greatly inhibited ATP-triggered ERK/p38 activation. Taken together, it was suggested that P2Y2 signaled through the CRAC channel mediated Ca2+ influx and ERK/p38 pathway to reorganize the cytoskeleton and promoted the migration of CD34+ VW-SCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we observed that the purinergic receptor P2Y2 is critical in the regulation of vascular wall-resident CD34+ cells' migration. ATP could activate STIM1-mediated extracellular Ca2+ entry by triggering STIM1 translocation to the plasma membrane, and knockdown of STIM1 prevented ERK/p38 activation-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuting Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingya Dang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Su L, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang X, Cao E, Yang C, Sun Q, Sivakumar R, Peng Z. Pannexin 1 targets mitophagy to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Commun Biol 2023; 6:889. [PMID: 37644178 PMCID: PMC10465551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney is the second organ rich in mitochondrial content next to the heart. Mitochondrial damage substantially contributes for AKI development. Mitophagy eliminates damaged mitochondria from the cells to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population, which plays an important role in AKI. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel transmembrane proteins are known to drive inflammation and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during I/R injury. However, the specific role of PANX1 on mitophagy regulation in renal I/R injury remains elusive. In this study, we find that serum level of PANX1 is elevated in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery, and the level of PANX1 is positively correlated with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Using the mouse model of renal I/R injury in vivo and cell-based hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro, we prove that genetic deletion of PANX1 mitigate the kidney tubular cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage after I/R injury through enhanced mitophagy. Mechanistically, PANX1 disrupts mitophagy by influencing ATP-P2Y-mTOR signal pathway. These observations provide evidence that PANX1 could be a potential biomarker for AKI and a therapeutic target to alleviate AKI caused by I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjiu Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward Cao
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qihao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramadoss Sivakumar
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China.
- Center of Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
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3
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Burns N, Nijmeh H, Lapel M, Riddle S, Yegutkin GG, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. Isolation of vasa vasorum endothelial cells from pulmonary artery adventitia: Implementation to vascular biology research. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104479. [PMID: 36690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolated endothelial cells are valuable in vitro model for vascular research. At present, investigation of disease-relevant changes in vascular endothelium at the molecular level requires established endothelial cell cultures, preserving vascular bed-specific phenotypic characteristics. Vasa vasorum (VV) form a microvascular network around large blood vessels, in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations, that are critically important for maintaining the integrity and oxygen supply of the vascular wall. However, despite the pathophysiological significance of the VV, methods for the isolation and culture of vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) have not yet been reported. In our prior studies, we demonstrated the presence of hypoxia-induced angiogenic expansion of the VV in the pulmonary artery (PA) of neonatal calves; an observation which has been followed by a series of in vitro studies on isolated PA VVEC. Here we present a detailed protocol for reproducible isolation, purification, and culture of PA VVEC. We show these cells to express generic endothelial markers, (vWF, eNOS, VEGFR2, Tie1, and CD31), as well as progenitor markers (CD34 and CD133), bind lectin Lycopersicon Esculentum, and incorporate acetylated low-density lipoproteins labeled with acetylated LDL (DiI-Ac-LDL). qPCR analysis additionally revealed the expression of CD105, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCAM, and NCAM. Ultrastructural electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that VVEC are morphologically characterized by a developed actin and microtubular cytoskeleton, mitochondrial network, abundant intracellular vacuolar/secretory system, and cell-surface filopodia. VVEC exhibit exponential growth in culture and can be mitogenically activated by multiple growth factors. Thus, our protocol provides the opportunity for VVEC isolation from the PA, and potentially from other large vessels, enabling advances in VV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Burns
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Martin Lapel
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020366. [PMID: 36836600 PMCID: PMC9967990 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Fernandes TDO, Rodrigues AM, Punaro GR, Lima DYD, Higa EMS. P2X7 receptor-nitric oxide interaction mediates apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 44:147-154. [PMID: 34694316 PMCID: PMC9269184 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We showed that P2X7, a purinergic receptor, was highly expressed in DM; however, when oxidative stress was controlled, renal NO recovered, and the activation of this receptor remained significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NO on the P2X7 and apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) cultured in high glucose (HG) medium. METHODS MiMCs were cultured with DMEM and exposed to normal glucose (NG), mannitol (MA), or HG. Cell viability was assessed by an automated counter. Supernatants were collected for NO quantification, and proteins were extracted for analysis of NO synthases (iNOS and eNOS), caspase-3, and P2X7. RESULTS Cell viability remained above 90% in all groups. There was a significant increase in the proliferation of cells in HG compared to MA and NG. NO, iNOS, caspase-3, and P2X7 were significantly increased in HG compared to NG and MA, with no changes in eNOS. We observed that there was a strong and significant correlation between P2X7 and NO. DISCUSSION The main finding was that the production of NO by iNOS was positively correlated with the increase of P2X7 in MCs under HG conditions, showing that there is a common stimulus between them and that NO interacts with the P2X7 pathway, contributing to apoptosis in experimental DM. These findings could be relevant to studies of therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycemia-induced kidney damage to delay DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires de Oliveira Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adelson Marçal Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depardamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovana Rita Punaro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Deyse Yorgos de Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elisa Mieko Suemitsu Higa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depardamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Emergência, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Long H, Qiu X, Cao L, Han R. Discovery of the signal pathways and major bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-hypoxia effect of Chinese cordyceps. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114215. [PMID: 34033902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxia will cause an increase in the rate of fatigue and aging. Chinese cordyceps, a parasitic Thitarodes insect-Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus complex in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has long been used to ameliorate human conditions associated with aging and senescence, it is principally applied to treat fatigue, night sweating and other symptoms related to aging, and it may play the anti-aging and anti-fatigue effect by improving the body's hypoxia tolerance. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the anti-hypoxia activity of Chinese cordyceps and explore the main corresponding signal pathways and bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, cell and whole pharmacodynamic experiments were hired to study the major signal pathways and the bioactive compounds of Chinese cordyceps for anti-hypoxia activity. RESULTS 17 pathways which Chinese cordyceps acted on seemed to be related to the anti-hypoxia effect, and "VEGF signal pathway" was one of the most important pathway. Chinese cordyceps improved the survival rate and regulated the targets related VEGF signal pathway of H9C2 cells under hypoxia, and also had significant anti-hypoxia effects to mice. Chorioallantoic membrane model experiment showed that Chinese cordyceps and the main constituents of (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and cerevisterol had significant angiogenic activity in hypoxia condition. CONCLUSION Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, cell and whole pharmacodynamic experiments, promoting angiogenesis by regulating VEGF signal pathway might be one of the mechanisms of anti-hypoxia effect of Chinese cordyceps, (9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid and cerevisterol were considered as the major anti-hypoxia bioactive compounds in Chinese cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Karoor V, Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Verin A, Umapathy NS, Dempsey EC, Frank DN, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9916. [PMID: 34576081 PMCID: PMC8467617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder in which local vascular inflammation leads to increased pulmonary vascular remodeling and ultimately to right heart failure. The HDAC inhibitor butyrate, a product of microbial fermentation, is protective in inflammatory intestinal diseases, but little is known regarding its effect on extraintestinal diseases, such as PH. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that butyrate is protective in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of hypoxic PH. Treatment with butyrate (220 mg/kg intake) prevented hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and permeability. A reversal effect of butyrate (2200 mg/kg intake) was observed on elevated RVH. Butyrate treatment also increased the acetylation of histone H3, 25-34 kDa, and 34-50 kDa proteins in the total lung lysates of butyrate-treated animals. In addition, butyrate decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of alveolar (mostly CD68+) and interstitial (CD68+ and CD163+) lung macrophages. Analysis of cytokine profiles in lung tissue lysates showed a hypoxia-induced upregulation of TIMP-1, CINC-1, and Fractalkine and downregulation of soluble ICAM (sICAM). The expression of Fractalkine and VEGFα, but not CINC-1, TIMP-1, and sICAM was downregulated by butyrate. In rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVEC), butyrate (1 mM, 2 and 24 h) exhibited a protective effect against TNFα- and LPS-induced barrier disruption. Butyrate (1 mM, 24 h) also upregulated tight junctional proteins (occludin, cingulin, claudin-1) and increased the acetylation of histone H3 but not α-tubulin. These findings provide evidence of the protective effect of butyrate on hypoxic PH and suggest its potential use as a complementary treatment for PH and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
| | - Nagavedi S. Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
- Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA;
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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Extracellular ATP: A Feasible Target for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112496. [PMID: 33212982 PMCID: PMC7698494 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. ATP can be released from cells via both specific and nonspecific pathways. A non-regulated release occurs from dying and damaged cells, whereas active release involves exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and membrane channels (connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 (PANX1), calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and maxi-anion channels (MACs)). Extracellular ATP acts at P2 purinergic receptors, among which P2X7R is a key mediator of the final ATP-dependent biological effects. Over the years, P2 receptor- or ecto-nucleotidase-targeting for cancer therapy has been proposed and actively investigated, while comparatively fewer studies have explored the suitability of TME ATP as a target. In this review, we briefly summarize the available evidence suggesting that TME ATP has a central role in determining tumor fate and is, therefore, a suitable target for cancer therapy.
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11
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Strassheim D, Verin A, Batori R, Nijmeh H, Burns N, Kovacs-Kasa A, Umapathy NS, Kotamarthi J, Gokhale YS, Karoor V, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. P2Y Purinergic Receptors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186855. [PMID: 32962005 PMCID: PMC7555413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors are ancient and the most abundant group of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The wide distribution of purinergic receptors in the cardiovascular system, together with the expression of multiple receptor subtypes in endothelial cells (ECs) and other vascular cells demonstrates the physiological importance of the purinergic signaling system in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the contribution of purinergic P2Y receptors to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction can be defined as a shift from a “calm” or non-activated state, characterized by low permeability, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a “activated” state, characterized by vasoconstriction and increased permeability, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory properties. This state of ED is observed in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we review the recent advances in P2Y receptor physiology and emphasize some of their unique signaling features in pulmonary endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Robert Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Nana Burns
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | | | - Janavi Kotamarthi
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Yash S. Gokhale
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-5614
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12
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Strassheim D, Karoor V, Nijmeh H, Weston P, Lapel M, Schaack J, Sullivan T, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. c-Jun, Foxo3a, and c-Myc Transcription Factors are Key Regulators of ATP-Mediated Angiogenic Responses in Pulmonary Artery Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020416. [PMID: 32054096 PMCID: PMC7072142 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic vasa vasorum (VV) expansion plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), a cardiovascular disease. We previously showed that extracellular ATP released under hypoxic conditions is an autocrine/paracrine, the angiogenic factor for pulmonary artery (PA) VV endothelial cells (VVECs), acting via P2Y purinergic receptors (P2YR) and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ATP-mediated VV angiogenesis, we determined the profile of ATP-inducible transcription factors (TFs) in VVECs using a TranSignal protein/DNA array. C-Jun, c-Myc, and Foxo3 were found to be upregulated in most VVEC populations and formed nodes connecting several signaling networks. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of these TFs revealed their critical role in ATP-induced VVEC angiogenic responses and the regulation of downstream targets involved in tissue remodeling, cell cycle control, expression of endothelial markers, cell adhesion, and junction proteins. Our results showed that c-Jun was required for the expression of ATP-stimulated angiogenic genes, c-Myc was repressive to anti-angiogenic genes, and Foxo3a predominantly controlled the expression of anti-apoptotic and junctional proteins. The findings from our study suggest that pharmacological targeting of the components of P2YR-PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis and specific TFs reduced ATP-mediated VVEC angiogenic response and may have a potential translational significance in attenuating pathological vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.N.); (P.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Philip Weston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.N.); (P.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Martin Lapel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.N.); (P.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.N.); (P.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (V.K.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.N.); (P.W.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-5614
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13
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Hennigs JK, Lüneburg N, Stage A, Schmitz M, Körbelin J, Harbaum L, Matuszcak C, Mienert J, Bokemeyer C, Böger RH, Kiefmann R, Klose H. The P2-receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signalosome of the human pulmonary endothelium - implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:299-311. [PMID: 31396838 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelium is associated with most lung diseases. Extracellular nucleotides modulate a plethora of endothelial functions in the lung such as vessel integrity, vasodilatation, inflammatory, and thrombotic responses as well as survival and DNA repair, mostly via Ca2+ signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular components of the underlying P2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathways in the lung has not been conducted so far. Therefore, our aim was to identify the principal P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the human pulmonary endothelium and investigate potential dysregulation in pulmonary vascular disease. Comparative transcriptomics and quantitative immunohistochemistry were performed on publicly available RNA sequencing and protein datasets to identify the specific expression profile of the P2-receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the healthy human pulmonary endothelium and endothelial cells (EC) dysfunctional due to loss of or defective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2). Functional expression of signalosome components was tested by single cell Ca2+ imaging. Comparative transcriptome analysis of 11 endothelial cell subtypes revealed a specific P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome signature for the pulmonary endothelium. Pulmonary endothelial expression of the most abundantly expressed Ca2+ toolkit genes CALM1, CALM2, VDAC1, and GNAS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P2RX1, P2RX4, P2RY6, and P2YR11 showed strong lung endothelial staining by IHC, P2X5, and P2Y1 were found to a much lesser extent. Very weak or no signals were detected for all other P2 receptors. Stimulation of human pulmonary artery (HPA) EC by purine nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP led to robust intracellular Ca2+ signals mediated through both P2X and P2Y receptors. Pyrimidine UTP and UDP-mediated Ca2+ signals were generated almost exclusively by activation of P2Y receptors. HPAEC made dysfunctional by siRNA-mediated BMPR2 depletion showed downregulation of 18 and upregulation of 19 P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome genes including PLCD4, which was found to be upregulated in iPSC-EC from BMPR2-mutant patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In conclusion, the human pulmonary endothelium expresses a distinct functional subset of the P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome. Composition of the P2 receptor Ca2+ toolkit in the pulmonary endothelium is susceptible to genetic disturbances likely contributing to an unfavorable pulmonary disease phenotype found in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K Hennigs
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Stage
- Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitz
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Mienert
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kiefmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Li DT, Sun K, Huang P, Pan CS, Yan L, Ayan A, Liu YY, Fan JY, Fang WG, Han JY. Yiqifumai injection and its main ingredients attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced cerebrovascular hyperpermeability through a multi-pathway mode. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12553. [PMID: 31059171 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yiqifumai injection is a compound Chinese medicine used to treat microcirculatory disturbance-related diseases clinically. Our previous study proved that Yiqifumai injection pretreatment inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced venular albumin leakage in rat mesentery. This study aimed to investigate whether Yiqifumai injection attenuated cerebral microvascular hyperpermeability and corresponding contribution of its main ingredients. METHODS Rats were challenged by lipopolysaccharide infusion (5 mg/kg/h) for 90 minutes. Yiqifumai injection (160 mg/kg/h), Rb1 (5 mg/kg/h), Sch (2.5 mg/kg/h), and Rb1 (5 mg/kg/h) + Sch (2.5 mg/kg/h) were infused 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or after (post-treatment) lipopolysaccharide administration. RESULTS Both pretreatment and post-treatment with Yiqifumai injection attenuated cerebral venular albumin leakage during lipopolysaccharide infusion and cerebrovascular hyperpermeability at 72 hours after lipopolysaccharide infusion. Yiqifumai injection restrained the decreased junction protein expression, adenosine triphosphate content, and mitochondria complex I, II, IV, and V activities. Moreover, Yiqifumai injection inhibited toll-like receptor-4 expression, Src phosphorylation, and caveolin-1 expression. Its main ingredients Rb1 and Sch alone worked differently, with Rb1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, while Sch attenuating toll-like receptor-4 expression and Src activation. CONCLUSION Yiqifumai injection exerts a protective and ameliorated effect on cerebral microvascular hyperpermeability, which is more effective than any of its ingredients, possibly due to the interaction of its main ingredients through a multi-pathway mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ayididaer Ayan
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Gang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Strassheim D, Gerasimovskaya E, Irwin D, Dempsey EC, Stenmark K, Karoor V. RhoGTPase in Vascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E551. [PMID: 31174369 PMCID: PMC6627336 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho)A/Rho-kinase pathway plays an essential role in many cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, inflammation, and its excessive activity induces oxidative stress and promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Given its role in many physiological and pathological functions, targeting can result in adverse effects and limit its use for therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of RhoGTPases with an emphasis on RhoA in vascular disease and its impact on endothelial, smooth muscle, and heart and lung fibroblasts. It is clear from the various studies that understanding the regulation of RhoGTPases and their regulators in physiology and pathological conditions is required for effective targeting of Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Edward C Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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16
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Strassheim D, Karoor V, Stenmark K, Verin A, Gerasimovskaya E. A current view of G protein-coupled receptor - mediated signaling in pulmonary hypertension: finding opportunities for therapeutic intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31380505 PMCID: PMC6677404 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is observed in various cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of unknown etiology that has been characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, and abnormal angiogenesis in pulmonary circulation. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family in the genome and widely expressed in cardiovascular system. They regulate all aspects of PH pathophysiology and represent therapeutic targets. We overview GPCRs function in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, vascular inflammation-driven remodeling and describe signaling cross talk between GPCR, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of GPCRs as critical signal transducers and targets for drug development in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Chai X, Sun D, Han Q, Yi L, Wu Y, Liu X. Hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial fibroblast proliferation, migration, differentiation and vascular remodeling via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2461-2472. [PMID: 29436587 PMCID: PMC5846667 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine whether hypoxia induces the proliferation, migration and differentiation of pulmonary arterial fibroblasts (PAFs) via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. PAFs were subjected to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). The proliferation, migration, differentiation and cellular p110α, p-Akt, and p-p70S6K expression levels of the PAFs were examined in vitro. In addition, rats were maintained under hypoxic conditions, and the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and right ventricular weight/body weight ratio (RV/BW) were examined. The expression levels of p110α, p-Akt, p70S6K, fibronectin and α-SMA in the rat pulmonary vessels were also examined. Hypoxia significantly elevated the proliferation, migration and differentiation of rat PAFs. It also strongly elevated the expression of p110α, p-Akt and p-p70S6K in PAFs in vitro. NVP-BEZ235 was revealed to significantly reduce the hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration and differentiation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that hypoxia significantly induced the elevation of RVSP, RVHI, RV/BW, medial thickening, adventitious thickening, and fibronectin and collagen deposition around pulmonary artery walls. The expression of p110α, p-Akt and p70S6K was evident in the pulmonary arteries of the hypoxic rats. NVP-BEZ235 significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as fibronectin and collagen deposition in the pulmonary arteries. Therefore, hypoxia was demonstrated to induce the proliferation, migration and differentiation of PAFs and the hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chai
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Lapel M, Weston P, Strassheim D, Karoor V, Burns N, Lyubchenko T, Paucek P, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are essential for purinergic receptor-mediated angiogenic responses in vasa vasorum endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C56-C70. [PMID: 27856430 PMCID: PMC5283894 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00250.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an energy-demanding process; however, the role of cellular energy pathways and their regulation by extracellular stimuli, especially extracellular nucleotides, remain largely unexplored. Using metabolic inhibitors of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (oligomycin, rotenone, and FCCP), we demonstrate that glycolysis and OXPHOS are both essential for angiogenic responses of vasa vasorum endothelial cell (VVEC). Treatment with P2R agonists, ATP, and 2-methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium salt (MeSADP), but not P1 receptor agonist, adenosine, increased glycolytic activity in VVEC (measured by extracellular acidification rate and lactate production). Stimulation of glycolysis was accompanied by increased levels of phospho-phosphofructokinase B3, hexokinase (HK), and GLUT-1, but not lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, extracellular ATP and MeSADP, and to a lesser extent adenosine, increased basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates in VVEC. These effects were potentiated when the cells were cultured in 20 mM galactose and 5 mM glucose compared with 25 mM glucose. Treatment with P2R agonists decreased phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1α and increased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome oxidase IV, and β-subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase expression. In addition, P2R stimulation transiently elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, implying involvement of mitochondria in VVEC angiogenic activation. We also demonstrated a critical role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt pathways in lactate production, PDH-E1α phosphorylation, and the expression of HK, SDH, and GLUT-1 in ATP-stimulated VVEC. Together, our findings suggest that purinergic and metabolic regulation of VVEC energy pathways is essential for VV angiogenesis and may contribute to pathologic vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lapel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Weston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Nana Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taras Lyubchenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Petr Paucek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Choi JH, Lim SM, Yoo YI, Jung J, Park JW, Kim GJ. Microenvironmental Interaction Between Hypoxia and Endothelial Cells Controls the Migration Ability of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via α4 Integrin and Rho Signaling. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1145-57. [PMID: 26448639 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a powerful source for cell therapy in degenerative diseases. The migration ability of MSCs is an important factor that enhances the therapeutic effect of the cells when they are transplanted into target tissues or organs. Hypoxia and the endothelial barrier, which are representative migration microenvironmental factors, are known to be regulated by the integrin-mediated pathway in several cancers. However, their regulatory mechanisms in MSCs remain unclear. Here, the objectives of the study were to compare the expression of markers related to integrin-mediated signaling in placenta-derived MSCs (PDMSCs) dependent on hypoxia and co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to evaluate their correlations between migration ability and microenvironmetal factors including hypoxia and endothelial cells. The migration abilities of PDMSCs exposed to hypoxic conditions were significantly increased compared with normal fibroblasts (WI-38) and control (P < 0.05). Interestingly, decreased integrin α4 in PDMSCs under hypoxia induce to increase migration abilities of PDMSCs. Also, Rho family-related markers were significantly increased in PDMSCs under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the migration ability of PDMSCs was decreased by Rho kinase inhibitor treatment (Y-27632) and co-culturing with HUVECs in an ex vivo system. ROCK activity was increased by inhibiting integrin α4 with HUVECs and hypoxia compared with the absence of HUVECs and under normoxia. The findings suggest microenvironment event by hypoxia and the interaction with endothelial cells may be useful as a regulator of MSC migration and provide insight into the migratory mechanism of MSCs in stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mook Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong In Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Hypoxia is an effective stimulus for vesicular release of ATP from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Placenta 2015; 36:759-66. [PMID: 25956988 PMCID: PMC4502406 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia induces dilatation of the umbilical vein by releasing autocoids from endothelium; prostaglandins (PGs), adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated. ATP is vasoactive, thus we tested whether hypoxia releases ATP from primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Methods HUVEC were grown on inserts under no-flow conditions. ATP was assayed by luciferin–luciferase and visualised by quinacrine labeling. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was imaged with Fura-2. Results ATP release occurred constitutively and was increased by hypoxia (PO2: 150–8 mmHg), ∼10-fold more from apical, than basolateral surface. Constitutive ATP release was decreased, while hypoxia-induced release was abolished by brefeldin or monensin A, inhibitors of vesicular transport, and LY294002 or Y27632, inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). ATP release was unaffected by NO donor, but increased by calcium ionophore, by >60-fold from apical, but <25% from basolateral surface. Hypoxia induced a small increase in [Ca2+]i compared with ATP (10 μM); hypoxia inhibited the ATP response. Quinacrine-ATP fluorescent loci in the perinuclear space, were diminished by hypoxia and monensin, whereas brefeldin A increased fluorescence intensity, consistent with inhibition of anterograde transport. Discussion. Hypoxia within the physiological range releases ATP from HUVEC, particularly from apical/adluminal surfaces by exocytosis, via an increase in [Ca2+]i, PI3K and ROCK, independently of NO. We propose that hypoxia releases ATP at concentrations sufficient to induce umbilical vein dilation via PGs and NO and improve fetal blood flow, but curbs amplification of ATP release by autocrine actions of ATP, so limiting its pro-inflammatory effects. Hypoxia releases ATP from Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). This ATP release is preferentially from apical surfaces. Polarised ATP release is also triggered by Ca2+ ionophore. Hypoxia-induced ATP release occurs from vesicles, as visualised by quinacrine. It is attenuated by inhibitors of vesicular trafficking, PI3K and ROCK.
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21
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Joseph EK, Green PG, Levine JD. ATP release mechanisms of endothelial cell-mediated stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:771-7. [PMID: 24793242 PMCID: PMC4264525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on endothelial cells to enhance mechanical stimulation-induced release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which in turn can act on sensory neurons innervating blood vessels to contribute to vascular pain, a phenomenon we have referred to as stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia (SDH). In the present study, we evaluated the role of the major classes of ATP release mechanisms to SDH: vesicular exocytosis, plasma membrane-associated ATP synthase, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and ion channels. Inhibitors of vesicular exocytosis (ie, monensin, brefeldin A, and bafilomycin), plasma membrane-associated ATPase (ie, oligomycin and pigment epithelium-derived factor peptide 34-mer), and connexin ion channels (carbenoxolone and flufenamic acid) but not ATP-binding cassette transporter (ie, dipyridamole, nicardipine, or CFTRinh-172) attenuated SDH. This study reports a role of ATP in SDH and suggests novel targets for the treatment of vascular pain syndromes. PERSPECTIVE ET-1 acts on endothelial cells to produce mechanical stimulation-induced hyperalgesia. Inhibitors of 3 different ATP release mechanisms attenuated this SDH. This study provides support for a role of ATP in SDH and suggests novel targets for the treatment of vascular pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Joseph
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul G Green
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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22
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Nijmeh H, Balasubramaniam V, Burns N, Ahmad A, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. High proliferative potential endothelial colony-forming cells contribute to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery vasa vasorum neovascularization. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L661-71. [PMID: 24508729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum (VV) is an important contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). High proliferative potential endothelial progenitor-like cells have been described in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis in both systemic and pulmonary circulations. However, their role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery (PA) VV expansion in PH is not known. We hypothesized that profound PA VV neovascularization observed in a neonatal calf model of hypoxia-induced PH is due to increased numbers of subsets of high proliferative cells within the PA adventitial VV endothelial cells (VVEC). Using a single cell clonogenic assay, we found that high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) comprise a markedly higher percentage in VVEC populations isolated from the PA of hypoxic (VVEC-Hx) compared with control (VVEC-Co) calves. VVEC-Hx populations that comprised higher numbers of HPP-CFC also demonstrated markedly higher expression levels of CD31, CD105, and c-kit than VVEC-Co. In addition, significantly higher expression of CD31, CD105, and c-kit was observed in HPP-CFC vs. the VVEC of the control but not of hypoxic animals. HPP-CFC exhibited migratory and tube formation capabilities, two important attributes of angiogenic phenotype. Furthermore, HPP-CFC-Co and some HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited elevated telomerase activity, consistent with their high replicative potential, whereas a number of HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited impaired telomerase activity, suggestive of their senescence state. In conclusion, our data suggest that hypoxia-induced VV expansion involves an emergence of HPP-CFC populations of a distinct phenotype with increased angiogenic capabilities. These cells may serve as a potential target for regulating VVEC neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nijmeh
- Univ. of Colorado Denver, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Box B131, Research 2, Rm. 6119, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045.
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23
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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24
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Umapathy SN, Kaczmarek E, Fatteh N, Burns N, Lucas R, Stenmark KR, Verin AD, Gerasimovskaya EV. Adenosine A1 receptors promote vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier integrity via Gi and Akt-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59733. [PMID: 23613714 PMCID: PMC3628712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a neonatal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, a dramatic pulmonary artery adventitial thickening, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the adventitial compartment, and angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum microcirculatory network are observed. These pathophysiological responses suggest that rapidly proliferating vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) may exhibit increased permeability for circulating blood cells and macromolecules. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remain unexplored. Some reports implicated extracellular adenosine in the regulation of vascular permeability under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of adenosine in barrier regulation of VVEC isolated from the pulmonary arteries of normoxic (VVEC-Co) or chronically hypoxic (VVEC-Hyp) neonatal calves. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate via a transendothelial electrical resistance measurement that exogenous adenosine significantly enhanced the barrier function in VVEC-Co and, to a lesser extent, in VVEC-Hyp. Our data from a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction show that both VVEC-Co and VVEC-Hyp express all four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), with the highest expression level of A1 receptors (A1Rs). However, A1R expression was significantly lower in VVEC-Hyp compared to VVEC-Co. By using an A1R-specific agonist/antagonist and siRNA, we demonstrate that A1Rs are mostly responsible for adenosine-induced enhancement in barrier function. Adenosine-induced barrier integrity enhancement was attenuated by pretreatment of VVEC with pertussis toxin and GSK690693 or LY294002, suggesting the involvement of Gi proteins and the PI3K-Akt pathway. Moreover, we reveal a critical role of actin cytoskeleton in VVEC barrier regulation by using specific inhibitors of actin and microtubule polymerization. Further, we show that adenosine pretreatment blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced permeability in VVEC-Co, validating its anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that stimulation of A1Rs enhances the barrier function in VVEC by activation of the Gi/PI3K/Akt pathway and remodeling of actin microfilament.
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25
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Ahmad A, Schaack JB, White CW, Ahmad S. Adenosine A2A receptor-dependent proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells is mediated through calcium mobilization, PI3-kinase and ERK1/2 pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:566-71. [PMID: 23583199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and HIF-2α-dependent A2A receptor expression and activation increase proliferation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). This study was undertaken to investigate the signaling mechanisms that mediate the proliferative effects of A2A receptor. A2A receptor-mediated proliferation of HLMVECs was inhibited by intracellular calcium chelation, and by specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 and PI3-kinase (PI3K). The adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 caused intracellular calcium mobilization in controls and, to a greater extent, in A2A receptor-overexpressing HLMVECs. Adenoviral-mediated A2A receptor overexpression as well as receptor activation by CGS21680 caused increased PI3K activity and Akt phosphorylation. Cells overexpressing A2A receptor also manifested enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation upon CGS21680 treatment. A2A receptor activation also caused enhanced cAMP production. Likewise, treatment with 8Br-cAMP increased PI3K activity. Hence A2A receptor-mediated cAMP production and PI3K and Akt phosphorylation are potential mediators of the A2A-mediated proliferative response of HLMVECs. Cytosolic calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation are other critical effectors of HLMVEC proliferation and growth. These studies underscore the importance of adenosine A2A receptor in activation of survival and proliferative pathways in pulmonary endothelial cells that are mediated through PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- Pediatric Airway Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya EV, Li M, Riddle SR, Frid MG. The adventitia: essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 75:23-47. [PMID: 23216413 PMCID: PMC3762248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and is composed of a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells and pericytes, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to influence the tone and structure of the vessel wall; to initiate and perpetuate chronic vascular inflammation; and to stimulate expansion of the vasa vasorum, which can act as a conduit for continued inflammatory and progenitor cell delivery to the vessel wall. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of vascular wall function and structure from the outside in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Stenmark
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Michael E. Yeager
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Min Li
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Suzette R. Riddle
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Maria G. Frid
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Aurora, CO 80045
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Ellis CG, Milkovich S, Goldman D. What is the efficiency of ATP signaling from erythrocytes to regulate distribution of O(2) supply within the microvasculature? Microcirculation 2012; 19:440-50. [PMID: 22587367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes appear to be ideal sensors for regulating microvascular O(2) supply as they release the potent vasodilator ATP in an O(2) saturation-dependent manner. Whether erythrocytes play a significant role in regulating O(2) supply in the complex environment of diffusional O(2) exchange among capillaries, arterioles, and venules, depends on the efficiency with which erythrocytes signal the vascular endothelium. If one assumes that the distribution of purinergic receptors is uniform throughout the microvasculature, then the most efficient site for signaling should occur in capillaries, where the erythrocyte membrane is in close proximity to the endothelium. ATP released from erythrocytes would diffuse a short distance to P(2y) receptors inducing an increase in blood flow, possibly the result of endothelial hyperpolarization. We hypothesize that this hyperpolarization varies across the capillary bed depending upon erythrocyte supply rate and the flux of O(2) from these erythrocytes to support O(2) metabolism. This would suggest that the capillary bed would be the most effective site for erythrocytes to communicate tissue oxygen needs. Electrically coupled endothelial cells conduct the integrated signal upstream where arterioles adjust vascular resistance, thus enabling ATP released from erythrocytes to regulate the magnitude and distribution of O(2) supply to individual capillary networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Ellis
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Prabhakar NR, Semenza GL. Adaptive and maladaptive cardiorespiratory responses to continuous and intermittent hypoxia mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:967-1003. [PMID: 22811423 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of other members of the HIF family of transcriptional activators has provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of oxygen homeostasis. This review focuses on the mechanisms of HIF activation and their roles in physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia, with an emphasis on the cardiorespiratory systems. HIFs are heterodimers comprised of an O(2)-regulated HIF-1α or HIF-2α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit. Induction of HIF activity under conditions of reduced O(2) availability requires stabilization of HIF-1α and HIF-2α due to reduced prolyl hydroxylation, dimerization with HIF-1β, and interaction with coactivators due to decreased asparaginyl hydroxylation. Stimuli other than hypoxia, such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, can also activate HIFs. HIF-1 and HIF-2 are essential for acute O(2) sensing by the carotid body, and their coordinated transcriptional activation is critical for physiological adaptations to chronic hypoxia including erythropoiesis, vascularization, metabolic reprogramming, and ventilatory acclimatization. In contrast, intermittent hypoxia, which occurs in association with sleep-disordered breathing, results in an imbalance between HIF-1α and HIF-2α that causes oxidative stress, leading to cardiorespiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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29
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Corriden R, Insel PA. New insights regarding the regulation of chemotaxis by nucleotides, adenosine, and their receptors. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:587-98. [PMID: 22528684 PMCID: PMC3360098 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional movement of cells can be regulated by ATP, certain other nucleotides (e.g., ADP, UTP), and adenosine. Such regulation occurs for cells that are "professional phagocytes" (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, certain lymphocytes, and microglia) and that undergo directional migration and subsequent phagocytosis. Numerous other cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons, and keratinocytes) also change motility and migration in response to ATP, other nucleotides, and adenosine. In this article, we review how nucleotides and adenosine modulate chemotaxis and motility and highlight the importance of nucleotide- and adenosine-regulated cell migration in several cell types: neutrophils, microglia, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. We also discuss difficulties in conducting experiments and drawing conclusions regarding the ability of nucleotides and adenosine to modulate the migration of professional and non-professional phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Corriden
- Institute of Cell Signalling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0636, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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30
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Metabolic sensors and their interplay with cell signalling and transcription. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:311-23. [PMID: 22435805 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an intimate, yet poorly understood, link between cellular metabolic status, cell signalling and transcription. Central metabolic pathways are under the control of signalling pathways and, vice versa, the cellular metabolic profile influences cell signalling through the incorporation of various metabolic sensors into the signalling networks. Thus information about nutrients availability directly and crucially influences crucial cell decisions. In the present review, I summarize our current knowledge of various metabolic sensors and give some examples of the integration of metabolically derived inputs into the signalling system and the regulation of transcription. I also discuss the Warburg effect where the cross-talk between metabolism and signalling is used to orchestrate rapid cell growth and division. It is becoming clear that future research will concentrate on the collection of small-molecule metabolites, whose concentration fluctuates in response to cellular energy levels, searching for their sensors that connect them to the signalling and transcriptional networks.
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31
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Lohman AW, Billaud M, Straub AC, Johnstone SR, Best AK, Lee M, Barr K, Penuela S, Laird DW, Isakson BE. Expression of pannexin isoforms in the systemic murine arterial network. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:405-16. [PMID: 22739252 DOI: 10.1159/000338758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pannexins (Panx) form ATP release channels and it has been proposed that they play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. However, distribution of Panx across the arterial vasculature is not documented. METHODS We tested antibodies against Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3 on human embryonic kidney cells (which do not endogenously express Panx proteins) transfected with plasmids encoding each Panx isoform and Panx1(-/-) mice. Each of the Panx antibodies was found to be specific and was tested on isolated arteries using immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrated that Panx1 is the primary isoform detected in the arterial network. In large arteries, Panx1 is primarily in endothelial cells, whereas in small arteries and arterioles it localizes primarily to the smooth muscle cells. Panx1 was the predominant isoform expressed in coronary arteries, except in arteries less than 100 µm where Panx3 became detectable. Only Panx3 was expressed in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and cortical arterioles. The pulmonary artery and alveoli had expression of all 3 Panx isoforms. No Panx isoforms were detected at the myoendothelial junctions. CONCLUSION We conclude that the specific localized expression of Panx channels throughout the vasculature points towards an important role for these channels in regulating the release of ATP throughout the arterial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Lohman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Hamamura K, Swarnkar G, Tanjung N, Cho E, Li J, Na S, Yokota H. RhoA-mediated signaling in mechanotransduction of osteoblasts. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:398-406. [PMID: 22420753 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.671398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts play a pivotal role in load-driven bone formation by activating Wnt signaling through a signal from osteocytes as a mechanosensor. Osteoblasts are also sensitive to mechanical stimulation, but the role of RhoA, a small GTPase involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton adhesion complexes, in mechanotransduction of osteoblasts is not completely understood. Using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells under 1 hr flow treatment at 10 dyn/cm(2), we examined a hypothesis that RhoA signaling mediates the cellular responses to flow-induced shear stress. To test the hypothesis, we conducted genome-wide pathway analysis and evaluated the role of RhoA in molecular signaling. Activity of RhoA was determined with a RhoA biosensor, which determined the activation state of RhoA based on a fluorescence resonance energy transfer between CFP and YFP fluorophores. A pathway analysis indicated that flow treatment activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling as well as a circadian regulatory pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that in response to flow treatment phosphorylation of Akt in PI3K signaling and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in MAPK signaling were induced. FRET measurement showed that RhoA was activated by flow treatment, and an inhibitor to a Rho kinase significantly reduced flow-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and Akt as well as flow-driven elevation of the mRNA levels of osteopontin and cyclooxygenase-2. Collectively, the result demonstrates that in response to 1 hr flow treatment to MC3T3-E1 cells at 10 dyn/cm(2), RhoA plays a critical role in activating PI3K and MAPK signaling as well as modulating the circadian regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hamamura
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yegutkin GG, Helenius M, Kaczmarek E, Burns N, Jalkanen S, Stenmark K, Gerasimovskaya EV. Chronic hypoxia impairs extracellular nucleotide metabolism and barrier function in pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:503-13. [PMID: 21922294 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological conditions where hypoxia and inflammation are prominent features. Intravascular ATP, ADP and adenosine are known as important regulators of vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, however contribution of purinergic signalling to endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis remains poorly understood. By using vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) isolated from pulmonary artery adventitia of control and chronically hypoxic neonatal calves, these studies were aimed to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on biochemical and functional properties of microvascular endothelial network at the sites of angiogenesis. In comparison with normoxic controls, VVEC from hypoxic animals are characterized by (1) drastically impaired nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase-1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities with respective increases in basal extracellular ATP and ADP levels (2) higher proliferative responses to low micromolar concentrations of ATP and ADP; and (3) enhanced permeability and disordered adenosinergic control of vascular barrier function (measured as a paracellular flux of 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran). Together, these results suggest that unique pattern of purine-mediated angiogenic activation and enhanced leakiness of VVEC from chronically hypoxic vessels may be defined by disordered endothelial nucleotide homeostasis at sites of active neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and National Institute of Health and Welfare, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Kucharska M. Nucleotide receptors as targets in the pharmacological enhancement of dermal wound healing. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:193-206. [PMID: 21519856 PMCID: PMC3146642 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a growing interest of the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in both normal physiology and pathology, it has become evident that P2 receptor agonists and antagonists may have therapeutic potential. The P2Y2 receptor agonists (diquafosol tetrasodium and denufosol tetrasodium) are in the phase 3 of clinical trials for dry eye and cystic fibrosis, respectively. The thienopyridine derivatives clopidogrel and ticlopidine (antagonists of the platelet P2Y12 receptor) have been used in cardiovascular medicine for nearly a decade. Purines and pyrimidines may be of therapeutic potential also in wound healing since ATP and UTP have been shown to have many hallmarks of wound healing factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular nucleotides take part in all phases of wound repair: hemostasis, inflammation, tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. This review is focused on the potent purines and pyrimidines which regulate many physiological processes important for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland,
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Roedersheimer M, Nijmeh H, Burns N, Sidiakova AA, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. Complementary effects of extracellular nucleotides and platelet-derived extracts on angiogenesis of vasa vasorum endothelial cells in vitro and subcutaneous Matrigel plugs in vivo. Vasc Cell 2011; 3:4. [PMID: 21349161 PMCID: PMC3045351 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets contribute to vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis through the release of multiple growth factors, cytokines and nucleotides, such as ATP and ADP. Recent reports have demonstrated a marked growth-promoting effect of total platelet extracts and selected platelet growth factors on therapeutic angiogenesis. However, since endogenous adenine nucleotides are rapidly degraded during the platelet isolation and storage, we examined whether supplementing a platelet-derived extract with exogenous adenine nucleotides would augment their pro-angiogenic effects. Methods Pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) were used to examine the effects of dialyzed platelet-derived soluble extracts and extracellular adenine nucleotides on proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, an in vivo Matrigel plug assay was used to examine the effects of platelet extracts and adenine nucleotides on neovascularization of plugs subcutaneously placed in 50 ICR mice. The number of vascular structures in Matrigel plugs were evaluated by histological and statistical methods. Results Platelet extracts (6.4-64 μg/ml) significantly induced DNA synthesis and at a concentration of 64 μg/ml had a biphasic effect on VVEC proliferation (an increase at 48 hrs followed by a decrease at 60 hrs). Stimulation of VVEC with platelet extracts also significantly (up to several-fold) increased cell migration and tube formation on Matrigel. Stimulation of VVEC with extracellular ATP (100 μM) dramatically (up to ten-fold) increased migration and tube formation on Matrigel; however, no significant effects on cell proliferation were observed. We also found that ATP moderately diminished platelet extract-induced VVEC proliferation (48 hrs) and migration, but potentiated tube formation. Neither ATP, or a mixture of non-hydrolyzable nucleotides (ATPγS, ADPβS, MeSATP, MeSADP) induced vascularization of Matrigel plugs subcutaneously injected in mice, however, the combination of these nucleotides with platelet extracts dramatically increased the number of functional capillaries in the Matrigel plugs. Conclusion Data from this study suggest that platelet-derived growth factors and extracellular nucleotides represent important regulatory signals for angiogenesis. Supplementation of platelet extracts with exogenous adenine nucleotides may reveal new possibilities for therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue regeneration approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Roedersheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Sakao S, Tatsumi K. Vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Multiple cancer-like pathways and possible treatment modalities. Int J Cardiol 2011; 147:4-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ma J, Zhang J, Ma Y, Zheng J, Cheng Y, Xue Y, Liu W. Adenovirus-mediated RhoA shRNA suppresses growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Med Oncol 2010; 29:119-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lyubchenko T, Woodward H, Veo KD, Burns N, Nijmeh H, Liubchenko GA, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. P2Y1 and P2Y13 purinergic receptors mediate Ca2+ signaling and proliferative responses in pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C266-75. [PMID: 20962269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00237.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and ADP have been shown to exhibit potent angiogenic effects on pulmonary artery adventitial vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC). However, the molecular signaling mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide-mediated angiogenesis remain not fully elucidated. Since elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is required for cell proliferation and occurs in response to extracellular nucleotides, this study was undertaken to delineate the purinergic receptor subtypes involved in Ca(2+) signaling and extracellular nucleotide-mediated mitogenic responses in VVEC. Our data indicate that stimulation of VVEC with extracellular ATP resulted in the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) via Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane channels as well as Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores. Moreover, extracellular ATP induced simultaneous Ca(2+) responses in both cytosolic and nuclear compartments. An increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was observed in response to a wide range of purinergic receptor agonists, including ATP, ADP, ATPγS, ADPβS, UTP, UDP, 2-methylthio-ATP (MeSATP), 2-methylthio-ADP (MeSADP), and BzATP, but not adenosine, AMP, diadenosine tetraphosphate, αβMeATP, and βγMeATP. Using RT-PCR, we identified mRNA for the P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y13, P2Y14, P2X2, P2X5, P2X7, A1, A2b, and A3 purinergic receptors in VVEC. Preincubation of VVEC with the P2Y1 selective antagonist MRS2179 and the P2Y13 selective antagonist MRS2211, as well as with pertussis toxin, attenuated at varying degrees agonist-induced intracellular Ca(2+) responses and activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and S6 ribosomal protein, indicating that P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptors play a major role in VVEC growth responses. Considering the broad physiological implications of purinergic signaling in the regulation of angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis, our findings suggest that P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptors may represent novel and specific targets for treatment of pathological vascular remodeling involving vasa vasorum expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Lyubchenko
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Research 2, Box B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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