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Khan IS, Molina C, Ren X, Auyeung VC, Cohen M, Tsukui T, Atakilit A, Sheppard D. Impaired Myofibroblast Proliferation is a Central Feature of Pathologic Post-Natal Alveolar Simplification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572766. [PMID: 38187712 PMCID: PMC10769348 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have impaired alveolar gas exchange due to alveolar simplification and dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Advances in clinical care have improved survival for infants with BPD, but the overall incidence of BPD remains unchanged because we lack specific therapies to prevent this disease. Recent work has suggested a role for increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling and myofibroblast populations in BPD pathogenesis, but the functional significance of each remains unclear. Here, we utilize multiple murine models of alveolar simplification and comparative single-cell RNA sequencing to identify shared mechanisms that could contribute to BPD pathogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a profound loss of myofibroblasts in two models of BPD and identifies gene expression signatures of increased TGFβ signaling, cell cycle arrest, and impaired proliferation in myofibroblasts. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we find no evidence that increased TGFβ signaling in the lung mesenchyme contributes to alveolar simplification. In contrast, this is likely a failed compensatory response, since none of our approaches to inhibit TGFb signaling protect mice from alveolar simplification due to hyperoxia while several make simplification worse. In contrast, we find that impaired myofibroblast proliferation is a central feature in several murine models of BPD, and we show that inhibiting myofibroblast proliferation is sufficient to cause pathologic alveolar simplification. Our results underscore the importance of impaired myofibroblast proliferation as a central feature of alveolar simplification and suggest that efforts to reverse this process could have therapeutic value in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran S. Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
| | - Christopher Molina
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Xin Ren
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Vincent C. Auyeung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Max Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Tatsuya Tsukui
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
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2
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Wang F, Sun C, Lv X, Sun M, Si C, Zhen Y, Guo J, Sun W, Ye Z, Wen J, Liu P. Identification of a Novel Gene Correlated With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744219. [PMID: 34858201 PMCID: PMC8632225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by thrombofibrotic obstruction of the proximal pulmonary arteries, which result in vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary artery. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CTEPH pathogenesis remain incompletely understood, recent evidence implicates vascular remodeling. Here, we identify the molecular mechanisms that contribute to vascular remodeling in CTEPH. Methods: Microarray data (GSE130391) for patients with CTEPH and healthy controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were functionally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. Finally, pulmonary artery samples were harvested from patients with CTEPH (n = 10) and from controls (n = 10) and primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured. Effects of the proto-oncogene FOS on VSMC proliferation and migration were assessed using expression and knockdown studies. Results: We detected a total of 292 DEGs, including 151 upregulated and 141 downregulated genes. GO analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in biological processes of signal transduction, response to lipopolysaccharide, signal transduction, and myeloid dendritic cell differentiation. Molecular function analysis revealed enrichment in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-activated receptor activity, transcriptional activator activity, and protein homodimerization activity. The expression of TNF-α and its receptor (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) were significantly higher in CTEPH group, compared with control group. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in salmonella infection, pathways in cancer, osteoclast differentiation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Hub genes in the PPI included FOS, suggesting an important role for this gene in vascular remodeling in CTEPH. Primary VSMCs derived from patients with CTEPH showed increased FOS expression and high proliferation and migration, which was attenuated by FOS inhibition. In control VSMCs, TNF-α treatment increased proliferation and migration, which FOS inhibition likewise attenuated. Conclusion: TNF-α drives CTEPH pathogenesis by promoting VSMC proliferation and migration via increased FOS expression. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling in CTEPH, and may inform the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congrui Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozeng Si
- Department of Operations and Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Selection and Characterization of Probiotic Bacteria Exhibiting Antiadipogenic Potential in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:72-86. [PMID: 33961206 PMCID: PMC8103433 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal adipocyte growth, distinguished by an increase in cell numbers and cellular differentiation, is regarded as a major pathological characteristic of obesity. Thus, inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in adipocytes could prevent obesity. Recently, certain probiotic stains have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism in vitro and/or in vivo. In this backdrop, this study aimed to investigate basic probiotic properties and potential antiobesity characteristics of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were prescreened for their cholesterol-lowering activity, antioxidant activity, and survival at low pH and in a solution containing bile salts. These six strains were investigated for antiadipogenic activity by employing 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with selected strains during the differentiation process. Lactobacillus johnsonii 3121 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 86 were found to be more capable of reducing triglyceride and lipid accumulation, as compared to control group, which are fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These strains also inhibited adipocyte differentiation by downregulating the adipogenic transcription factor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that L. johnsonni 3121 and L. rhamnosus 86 could potentially act as probiotic bacteria and prevent fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis-related markers.
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4
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Wang J, Li T, Cai H, Jin L, Li R, Shan L, Cai W, Jiang J. Protective effects of total flavonoids from Qu Zhi Qiao (fruit of Citrus paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and remodeling through MAPKs and Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111421. [PMID: 33752061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of the inflammatory diseases, which has become a major public health problem. Qu zhi qiao (QZQ), a dry and immature fruit of Citrus paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou, has various flavonoids with pharmacological properties. However, there is a knowledge gap on the pharmacological properties of QZQ on allergic asthma. Therefore, here, we explored the efficacy and mechanism of total flavonoids from QZQ (TFCH) on allergic asthma. We extracted and purified TFCH and conducted animal experiments using an Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and Swiss-Giemsa staining were used to count different inflammatory cells in allergic asthma mice. We conducted histopathology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the changes in the lungs of allergic asthma mice. Moreover, we used ELISA assays to analyze chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, western blot analyses were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of TFCH on allergic asthma. We established that TFCH has anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits airway remodeling, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Songyang County People's Hospital, Lishui 323400, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Liangyan Jin
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Run Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Zhejiang You-du Biotech Limited Company, Quzhou 324200, China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 310015 China.
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5
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Antiobesity Effect of Novel Probiotic Strains in a Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1054-1067. [PMID: 33569747 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major causes of the development of metabolic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Increased lipid accumulation and abnormal adipocyte growth, which is an increase in cell numbers and differentiation, have been documented as major pathological characteristics of obesity. Thus, the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation prevents and suppresses obesity. Recently, specific probiotic strains have been known to regulate lipid metabolism in vitro and/or in vivo. Previously, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus johnsonni 3121 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 86 could act as novel probiotic strains and reduce cholesterol levels. Moreover, both strains significantly reduced lipid accumulation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation by downregulating the adipogenic transcription factor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, L. johnsonni 3121 and L. rhamnosus 86 were selected for in vivo evaluation of their anti-obesity effects using a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Daily oral administration of L. johnsonni 3121 and L. rhamnosus 86 for 12 weeks significantly improved serum lipid profile and downregulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed obese mice (p < 0.05). Fecal analysis also suggested that the two probiotic strains could normalize the altered obesity-related gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. These results collectively demonstrate that oral administration of L. johnsonni 3121 and L. rhamnosus 86 could prevent obesity, thereby improving metabolic health.
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6
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Oguri Y, Shinoda K, Kim H, Alba DL, Bolus WR, Wang Q, Brown Z, Pradhan RN, Tajima K, Yoneshiro T, Ikeda K, Chen Y, Cheang RT, Tsujino K, Kim CR, Greiner VJ, Datta R, Yang CD, Atabai K, McManus MT, Koliwad SK, Spiegelman BM, Kajimura S. CD81 Controls Beige Fat Progenitor Cell Growth and Energy Balance via FAK Signaling. Cell 2020; 182:563-577.e20. [PMID: 32615086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues dynamically remodel their cellular composition in response to external cues by stimulating beige adipocyte biogenesis; however, the developmental origin and pathways regulating this process remain insufficiently understood owing to adipose tissue heterogeneity. Here, we employed single-cell RNA-seq and identified a unique subset of adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) that possessed the cell-intrinsic plasticity to give rise to beige fat. This beige APC population is proliferative and marked by cell-surface proteins, including PDGFRα, Sca1, and CD81. Notably, CD81 is not only a beige APC marker but also required for de novo beige fat biogenesis following cold exposure. CD81 forms a complex with αV/β1 and αV/β5 integrins and mediates the activation of integrin-FAK signaling in response to irisin. Importantly, CD81 loss causes diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that CD81 functions as a key sensor of external inputs and controls beige APC proliferation and whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Oguri
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana L Alba
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Reid Bolus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana N Pradhan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caroline R Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanille Juliette Greiner
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Yang
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Hagan AS, Zhang B, Ornitz DM. Identification of a FGF18-expressing alveolar myofibroblast that is developmentally cleared during alveologenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.181032. [PMID: 31862844 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alveologenesis is an essential developmental process that increases the surface area of the lung through the formation of septal ridges. In the mouse, septation occurs postnatally and is thought to require the alveolar myofibroblast (AMF). Though abundant during alveologenesis, markers for AMFs are minimally detected in the adult. After septation, the alveolar walls thin to allow efficient gas exchange. Both loss of AMFs or retention and differentiation into another cell type during septal thinning have been proposed. Using a novel Fgf18:CreERT2 allele to lineage trace AMFs, we demonstrate that most AMFs are developmentally cleared during alveologenesis. Lung mesenchyme also contains other poorly described cell types, including alveolar lipofibroblasts (ALF). We show that Gli1:CreERT2 marks both AMFs as well as ALFs, and lineage tracing shows that ALFs are retained in adult alveoli while AMFs are lost. We further show that multiple immune cell populations contain lineage-labeled particles, suggesting a phagocytic role in the clearance of AMFs. The demonstration that the AMF lineage is depleted during septal thinning through a phagocytic process provides a mechanism for the clearance of a transient developmental cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Hagan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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8
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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Birnhuber A, Biasin V, Schnoegl D, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Transcription factor Fra-2 and its emerging role in matrix deposition, proliferation and inflammation in chronic lung diseases. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109408. [PMID: 31473307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors and is involved in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation or differentiation. Aberrant expression of Fra-2 or regulation can lead to severe growth defects or diverse pathologies. Elevated Fra-2 expression has been described in several chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, the pathomechanisms behind the Fra-2-induced pulmonary remodelling are still not fully elucidated. Fra-2 overexpressing mice were initially described as a model of systemic sclerosis associated organ fibrosis, with predominant alterations in the lung. High levels of Fra-2 expression give rise to profound inflammation with severe remodelling of the parenchyma and the vasculature, resulting in fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension, respectively, but also alters bronchial function. In this review we discuss the central role of Fra-2 connecting inflammation, cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition underlying chronic lung diseases and what we can learn for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - V Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - D Schnoegl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - L M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - G Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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10
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Guo XF, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Zhou YM, Wu HY, Liang CQ, Zhao H, Cai DQ, Qi XF. Developmental expression patterns of fosl genes in Xenopus tropicalis. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119056. [PMID: 31121318 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fos-like antigens (Fosl) including Fosl1 and Fosl2 exclusively heterodimerize with Jun members to form AP-1 complex, thereby participating in various cellular progresses including cell cycle regulation. However, expression patterns of these two genes during embryonic development remains largely unknown. In the present study, both temporal and spatial expression patterns of fosl1 and fosl2 were examined during embryonic development of Xenopus tropicalis. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of the two genes was increased from stage 2 to stage 42. However, expression level of fosl1 is much higher than that of fosl2 at stage 42. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that fosl1 was expressed in eyes, branchial arch, notochord, otic vesicle, and liver. However, fosl2 was expressed in lung primordium from stage 34 to stage 38, in addition to the moderate expression in eyes and branchial arch at stage 42. Thus, the developmental expression patterns of these two fosl genes is different in Xenopus embryos. These results provide a basis for further functional study of these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chi-Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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McGowan SE. The lipofibroblast: more than a lipid-storage depot. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L869-L871. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00109.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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