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Sahoo S, Li Y, de Jesus D, Sembrat JC, Rojas MM, Goncharova E, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Straub AC, Pagano PJ. Notch2 Suppression Mimicking Changes in Human Pulmonary Hypertension Modulates Notch1 and Promotes Endothelial Cell Proliferation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H542-H557. [PMID: 34296965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00125.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease characterized by increased vascular cell proliferation with resistance to apoptosis and occlusive remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries in humans. The Notch family of proteins are proximal signaling mediators of an evolutionarily conserved pathway that effect cell proliferation, fate determination, and development. In endothelial cells (ECs), Notch receptor 2 (Notch2) has been shown to promote endothelial apoptosis. However, a pro- or anti-proliferative role for Notch2 in pulmonary endothelial proliferation and ensuing PAH is unknown. Herein, we postulated that suppressed Notch2 signaling drives pulmonary endothelial proliferation in the setting of PAH. We observed that levels of Notch2 are ablated in lung and PA tissue samples from PAH patients compared to non-PAH controls. Interestingly, Notch2 expression was attenuated in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) exposed to vasoactive factors including hypoxia, TGFβ, ET-1, and IGF-1. Gene silencing of Notch2 increased EC proliferation and reduced apoptosis. At the molecular level, Notch2-deficient hPAECs activated Akt, Erk1/2 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and reduced levels of p21cip and Bax. Intriguingly, loss of Notch2 elicits a paradoxical activation of Notch1 and transcriptional upregulation of canonical Notch target genes Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2. Further, reduction in Rb and increased E2F1 binding to the Notch1 promoter appear to explain the upregulation of Notch1. In aggregate, our results demonstrate that loss of Notch2 derepresses Notch1 and elicits aberrant EC hallmarks of PAH. The data underscore a novel role for Notch in the maintenance of endothelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Sahoo
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yao Li
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel de Jesus
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John Charles Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mauricio M Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elena Goncharova
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood & Vascular Medicine Institute; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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2
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Später T, Worringer DM, Menger MM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Systemic low-dose erythropoietin administration improves the vascularization of collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices seeded with adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211000304. [PMID: 33796250 PMCID: PMC7970228 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) are used as vascularization
units in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated whether the
vascularization capacity of MVF can be improved by systemic low-dose
erythropoietin (EPO) administration. MVF were isolated from the epididymal fat
of donor mice and seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were
implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of
recipient mice. Both donor and recipient mice were treated daily with either EPO
(500 IU/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). The implants were analyzed by
stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and
immunohistochemistry. EPO-treated MVF contained a comparable number of
proliferating Ki67+ but less apoptotic cleaved caspase-3+
endothelial cells when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Moreover, EPO
treatment accelerated and improved the in vivo vascularization, blood vessel
maturation, and epithelialization of MVF-seeded matrices. These findings
indicate that systemic low-dose EPO treatment is suitable to enhance the
viability and network-forming capacity of MVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Denise Ms Worringer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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3
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Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating COVID-19 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021; 9:15-22. [PMID: 33077403 PMCID: PMC7833179 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with a lot of sufferers. Excessive inflammation, exaggerated immune response, with ultimate apoptosis contribute to COVID-19 pathology that progress to acute lung acute respiratory distress. OBJECTIVE To shed a light on the likely benefits of the oral phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor adjuvant role in combating COVID-19 infection. METHODS A literature review was performed in the PubMed/Medline database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using the keywords COVID-19; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; cytokine storm; respiratory distress. RESULTS Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, still no drugs are validated to have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in large-scale studies. While the progress toward a curative agent and/or vaccine is certainly hopeful, the principal limiting factor in such public health emergencies is always the time. Therefore, a preexisting licensed therapeutic(s) might offer a reprieve to the healthcare systems operating at the edge of capacity. In this context, the innovation of oral PDE5 inhibitors with their valuable effects on erection have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and opened new fields of clinical application for this class of drugs. Oral PDE5 inhibitors have been demonstrated to possess many beneficial useful additional implications with acknowledged anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties have been elucidated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanylate monophosphate pathway in addition to the emerged hemeoxygenase-1 enzyme as well as hydrogen sulfide pathways. These properties could support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in targeting different aspects of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION Oral PDE5 inhibitors retain several acknowledged off-labeled useful implications with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties may support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in the protocols combating COVID-19 manifestations. Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021;9:15-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Andrology, Sexology & STIs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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4
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Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating COVID-19 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2020. [PMID: 33077403 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.08.006.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with a lot of sufferers. Excessive inflammation, exaggerated immune response, with ultimate apoptosis contribute to COVID-19 pathology that progress to acute lung acute respiratory distress. OBJECTIVE To shed a light on the likely benefits of the oral phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor adjuvant role in combating COVID-19 infection. METHODS A literature review was performed in the PubMed/Medline database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using the keywords COVID-19; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; cytokine storm; respiratory distress. RESULTS Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, still no drugs are validated to have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in large-scale studies. While the progress toward a curative agent and/or vaccine is certainly hopeful, the principal limiting factor in such public health emergencies is always the time. Therefore, a preexisting licensed therapeutic(s) might offer a reprieve to the healthcare systems operating at the edge of capacity. In this context, the innovation of oral PDE5 inhibitors with their valuable effects on erection have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and opened new fields of clinical application for this class of drugs. Oral PDE5 inhibitors have been demonstrated to possess many beneficial useful additional implications with acknowledged anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties have been elucidated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanylate monophosphate pathway in addition to the emerged hemeoxygenase-1 enzyme as well as hydrogen sulfide pathways. These properties could support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in targeting different aspects of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION Oral PDE5 inhibitors retain several acknowledged off-labeled useful implications with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune response regulation, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties may support repurposing oral PDE5 inhibitors' potential adjuvant use in the protocols combating COVID-19 manifestations. Mostafa T. Could Oral Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Have a Potential Adjuvant Role in Combating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection? Sex Med Rev 2021;9:15-22.
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5
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Pavlacky J, Polak J. Technical Feasibility and Physiological Relevance of Hypoxic Cell Culture Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32153502 PMCID: PMC7046623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive state to experimentally study to understand its inner mechanisms as well as to develop and test therapies against pathological conditions related to hypoxia. Animal models in vivo fail to recapitulate some of the key hallmarks of human physiology, which leads to human cell cultures; however, they are prone to bias, namely when pericellular oxygen concentration (partial pressure) does not respect oxygen dynamics in vivo. A search of the current literature on the topic revealed this was the case for many original studies pertaining to experimental models of hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, in this review, we present evidence mandating for the close control of oxygen levels in cell culture models of hypoxia. First, we discuss the basic physical laws required for understanding the oxygen dynamics in vitro, most notably the limited diffusion through a liquid medium that hampers the oxygenation of cells in conventional cultures. We then summarize up-to-date knowledge of techniques that help standardize the culture environment in a replicable fashion by increasing oxygen delivery to the cells and measuring pericellular levels. We also discuss how these tools may be applied to model both constant and intermittent hypoxia in a physiologically relevant manner, considering known values of partial pressure of tissue normoxia and hypoxia in vivo, compared to conventional cultures incubated at rigid oxygen pressure. Attention is given to the potential influence of three-dimensional tissue cultures and hypercapnia management on these models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these concepts for cell cultures, which try to emulate tissue normoxia, and conclude that the maintenance of precise oxygen levels is important in any cell culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Pavlacky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Polak
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6
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Yavuz E, Ercan G, Karagulle OO, Bayrak BY, Biricik A, Ercetin C, Gokcek B, Yigitbas H, Kusaslan R, Celik A, Gulcicek OB. Evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of sildenafil on acute radiation proctitis in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:362-374. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180040000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Yavuz
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Ercan
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | | | | | - Aytac Biricik
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Candas Ercetin
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Berk Gokcek
- University of Health Science Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yigitbas
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kusaslan
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Atilla Celik
- University of Health Science Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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7
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Maiese K. Erythropoietin and mTOR: A "One-Two Punch" for Aging-Related Disorders Accompanied by Enhanced Life Expectancy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2017; 13:329-340. [PMID: 27488211 DOI: 10.2174/1567202613666160729164900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy continues to increase throughout the world, but is accompanied by a rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases. As a result, the benefits of an increased lifespan can be limited by aging-related disorders that necessitate new directives for the development of effective and safe treatment modalities. With this objective, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein, and its related pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt signaling, and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), have generated significant excitement for furthering novel therapies applicable to multiple systems of the body. Yet, the biological and clinical outcome of these pathways can be complex especially with oversight of cell death mechanisms that involve apoptosis and autophagy. Growth factors, and in particular erythropoietin (EPO), are one avenue under consideration to implement control over cell death pathways since EPO can offer potential treatment for multiple disease entities and is intimately dependent upon mTOR signaling. In experimental and clinical studies, EPO appears to have significant efficacy in treating several disorders including those involving the developing brain. However, in mature populations that are affected by aging-related disorders, the direction for the use of EPO to treat clinical disease is less clear that may be dependent upon a number of factors including the understanding of mTOR signaling. Continued focus upon the regulatory elements that control EPO and mTOR signaling could generate critical insights for targeting a broad range of clinical maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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8
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Zal F, Khademi F, Taheri R, Mostafavi-Pour Z. Antioxidant ameliorating effects against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in primary endometrial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:122-129. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1372540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zal
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Khademi
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R. Taheri
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z. Mostafavi-Pour
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Recombinant Protein Lab, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Endothelial Nox1 oxidase assembly in human pulmonary arterial hypertension; driver of Gremlin1-mediated proliferation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2019-2035. [PMID: 28522681 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly degenerating and devastating disease of increased pulmonary vessel resistance leading to right heart failure. Palliative modalities remain limited despite recent endeavors to investigate the mechanisms underlying increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), i.e. aberrant vascular remodeling and occlusion. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms responsible for endothelial proliferation, a root cause of PAH-associated vascular remodeling. Lung tissue specimens from PAH and non-PAH patients and hypoxia-exposed human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) (HPAEC) were assessed for mRNA and protein expression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using cytochrome c and Amplex Red assays. Findings demonstrate for the first time an up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) at the transcript and protein level in resistance vessels from PAH compared with non-PAH patients. This coincided with an increase in ROS production and expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin1 (Grem1). In HPAEC, hypoxia induced Nox1 subunit expression, assembly, and oxidase activity leading to elevation in sonic hedgehog (SHH) and Grem1 expression. Nox1 gene silencing abrogated this cascade. Moreover, loss of either Nox1, SHH or Grem1 attenuated hypoxia-induced EC proliferation. Together, these data support a Nox1-SHH-Grem1 signaling axis in pulmonary vascular endothelium that is likely to contribute to pathophysiological endothelial proliferation and the progression of PAH. These findings also support targeting of Nox1 as a viable therapeutic option to combat PAH.
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11
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Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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12
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Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M, Ferns G. Low Oxygen Tension Primes Aortic Endothelial Cells to the Reparative Effect of Tissue-Protective Cytokines. Mol Med 2015; 21:709-716. [PMID: 26349058 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has both erythropoietic and tissue-protective properties. The EPO analogues carbamylated EPO (CEPO) and pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) lack the erythropoietic activity of EPO but retain the tissue-protective properties that are mediated by a heterocomplex of EPO receptor (EPOR) and the β common receptor (βCR). We studied the action of EPO and its analogues in a model of wound healing where a bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) monolayer was scratched and the scratch closure was assessed over 24 h under different oxygen concentrations. We related the effects of EPO and its analogues on repair to their effect on BAECs proliferation and migration (evaluated using a micro-Boyden chamber). EPO, CEPO and pHBSP enhanced scratch closure only at lower oxygen (5%), while their effect at atmospheric oxygen (21%) was not significant. The mRNA expression of EPOR was doubled in 5% compared with 21% oxygen, and this was associated with increased EPOR assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. By contrast, βCR mRNA levels were similar in 5% and 21% oxygen. EPO and its analogues increased both BAECs proliferation and migration, suggesting that both may be involved in the reparative process. The priming effect of low oxygen tension on the action of tissue-protective cytokines may be of relevance to vascular disease, including atherogenesis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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13
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Prevention of valproic acid-induced neural tube defects by sildenafil citrate. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 56:175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Bolnick JM, Kilburn BA, Bolnick AD, Diamond MP, Singh M, Hertz M, Dai J, Armant DR. Sildenafil Prevents Apoptosis of Human First-Trimester Trophoblast Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress: Possible Role for Nitric Oxide Activation of 3',5'-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:718-24. [PMID: 25431453 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114557894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human first-trimester trophoblast cells proliferate at low O2, but survival is compromised by oxidative stress, leading to uteroplacental insufficiency. The vasoactive drug, sildenafil citrate (Viagra, Sigma, St Louis, Missouri), has proven useful in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. An important biological function of this pharmaceutical is its action as an inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase type 5 activity, which suggests that it could have beneficial effects on trophoblast survival. To investigate whether sildenafil can prevent trophoblast cell death, human first-trimester villous explants and the HTR-8/SVneo cytotrophoblast cell line were exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) to generate oxidative stress, which induces apoptosis. Apoptosis was optimally inhibited during H/R by 350 ng/mL sildenafil. Sildenafil-mediated survival was reversed by l-N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride or cGMP antagonist, indicating a dependence on both nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP. Indeed, either a cGMP agonist or an NO generator was cytoprotective independent of sildenafil. These findings suggest a novel intervention route for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss or obstetrical placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan D Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Manvinder Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Hertz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Zal F, Taheri R, Khademi F, Keshavarz E, Rajabi S, Mostafavi-Pour Z. The combined effect of furosemide and propranolol on GSH homeostasis in ACHN renal cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:412-6. [PMID: 24845846 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.926437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used in the treatment of a large number of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and arrhythmias. Propranolol, in combination with furosemide, is used to treat hypertensive disorders although their side effect profile is not very obvious. In present study, the effects of the drugs furosemide and propranolol were in corporately investigated both on glutathione homeostasis and their antioxidant effect on ACHN cells. METHODS The cytoxicities and antioxidant effects of these two clinically important drugs on human kidney cell lines were evaluated using MTT following by the determination of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and measuring the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). RESULTS Propranolol induced a significant cytotoxic effect at 100 µM, while furosemide was cytotoxic at doses of 250 and 1000 µg/ml. A slight increase in GPx and GR activities and GSH level was observed with propranolol and furosemide treatment alone, while the two drugs together caused a significant increase in GPx and GR activities (35% and 42%, respectively) and GSH content (35%) in ACHN cell lysates (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that although high doses of furosemide and propranolol are cytotoxic, co-administration of low doses may improve the antioxidant defense in patients undergoing treatment with these two important drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zal
- Reproductive Biology Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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16
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Kuriyama S, Morio Y, Toba M, Nagaoka T, Takahashi F, Iwakami SI, Seyama K, Takahashi K. Genistein attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via enhanced nitric oxide signaling and the erythropoietin system. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L996-L1005. [PMID: 24705719 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00276.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the erythropoietin (EPO)/EPO receptor (EPOR) system plays a protective role against chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (hypoxic PH) through enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling. Genistein (Gen), a phytoestrogen, is considered to ameliorate NO-mediated signaling. We hypothesized that Gen attenuates and prevents hypoxic PH. In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats raised in a hypobaric chamber were treated with Gen (60 mkg/kg) for 21 days. Pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling were ameliorated in Gen-treated hypoxic PH rats. Gen also restored cGMP levels and phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (p-eNOS) at Ser(1177) and p-Akt at Ser(473) expression in the lungs. Additionally, Gen potentiated plasma EPO concentration and EPOR-positive endothelial cell counts. In experiments with hypoxic PH rats' isolated perfused lungs, Gen caused NO- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent vasodilation that reversed abnormal vasoconstriction. In vitro, a combination of EPO and Gen increased the p-eNOS and the EPOR expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under a hypoxic environment. Moreover, Gen potentiated the hypoxic increase in EPO production from human hepatoma cells. We conclude that Gen may be effective for the prevention of hypoxic PH through the improvement of PI3K/Akt-dependent, NO-mediated signaling in association with enhancement of the EPO/EPOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kuriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Morio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michie Toba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Iwakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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