1
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Mangner N, Winzer EB, Linke A, Adams V. Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1149065. [PMID: 37965088 PMCID: PMC10641491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effects on locomotor and respiratory muscles, in particular the diaphragm. Moreover, current and future therapeutic options to address skeletal muscle weakness will be discussed focusing mainly on the effects of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ephraim B. Winzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Gallagher H, Hendrickse PW, Pereira MG, Bowen TS. Skeletal muscle atrophy, regeneration, and dysfunction in heart failure: Impact of exercise training. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:557-567. [PMID: 37040849 PMCID: PMC10466197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights some established and some more contemporary mechanisms responsible for heart failure (HF)-induced skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. We first describe the effects of HF on the relationship between protein synthesis and degradation rates, which determine muscle mass, the involvement of the satellite cells for continual muscle regeneration, and changes in myofiber calcium homeostasis linked to contractile dysfunction. We then highlight key mechanistic effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle in HF and outline its application as a beneficial treatment. Overall, HF causes multiple impairments related to autophagy, anabolic-catabolic signaling, satellite cell proliferation, and calcium homeostasis, which together promote fiber atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and impaired regeneration. Although both wasting and weakness are partly rescued by aerobic and resistance exercise training in HF, the effects of satellite cell dynamics remain poorly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Gallagher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul W Hendrickse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marcelo G Pereira
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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3
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Drummond SE, Burns DP, El Maghrani S, Ziegler O, Healy V, O'Halloran KD. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Diaphragm Muscle Weakness Is NADPH Oxidase-2 Dependent. Cells 2023; 12:1834. [PMID: 37508499 PMCID: PMC10377874 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced redox alterations underlie diaphragm muscle dysfunction. We sought to establish if NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) underpin CIH-induced changes in diaphragm muscle, which manifest as impaired muscle performance. Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were assigned to one of three groups: normoxic controls (sham); chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed (CIH, 12 cycles/hour, 8 h/day for 14 days); and CIH + apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor, 2 mM) administered in the drinking water throughout exposure to CIH. In separate studies, we examined sham and CIH-exposed NOX2-null mice (B6.129S-CybbTM1Din/J). Apocynin co-treatment or NOX2 deletion proved efficacious in entirely preventing diaphragm muscle dysfunction following exposure to CIH. Exposure to CIH had no effect on NOX2 expression. However, NOX4 mRNA expression was increased following exposure to CIH in wild-type and NOX2 null mice. There was no evidence of overt CIH-induced oxidative stress. A NOX2-dependent increase in genes related to muscle regeneration, antioxidant capacity, and autophagy and atrophy was evident following exposure to CIH. We suggest that NOX-dependent CIH-induced diaphragm muscle weakness has the potential to affect ventilatory and non-ventilatory performance of the respiratory system. Therapeutic strategies employing NOX2 blockade may function as an adjunct therapy to improve diaphragm muscle performance and reduce disease burden in diseases characterised by exposure to CIH, such as obstructive sleep apnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Drummond
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - David P Burns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah El Maghrani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Oscar Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincent Healy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
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4
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Janini Gomes M, Sabela AK, Ferreira ITP, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, de Campos DHS, Lima ARR, Carvalho MR, Bazan SGZ, Corrêa CR, Cicogna AC, Okoshi MP, Pacagnelli FL. Effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function and gene expression of NADPH oxidases in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1182303. [PMID: 37362442 PMCID: PMC10285051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of aerobic physical exercise (EX) on gene-encoding proteins associated with oxidative stress in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure (HF). Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Control sedentary (C); Control exercise (C-Ex); Sedentary aortic stenosis (AS); Aortic stenosis exercise (AS-Ex). Exercised rats trained 5 times a week for 10 weeks on a treadmill. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. In the final echocardiogram, animals with aortic stenosis subjected to exercise demonstrated improvement in systolic function compared to the sedentary aortic stenosis group. In diaphragm muscle, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde malondialdehyde concentration, protein carbonylation, and protein expression of p65 and its inhibitor IκB did not differ between groups. Alterations in gene expression of sources that generate reactive species of oxygen were observed in AS-Ex group, which showed decreased mRNA abundance of NOX2 and NOX4 compared to the aortic stenosis group (p < 0.05). We concluded that aerobic exercise has a positive impact during heart failure, ameliorating systolic dysfunction and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Janini Gomes
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ana Karenina Sabela
- Physiotherapy Department, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program, Animal Science, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Physiotherapy Department, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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5
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Kumar RA, Hahn D, Kelley RC, Muscato DR, Shamoun A, Curbelo-Bermudez N, Butler WG, Yegorova S, Ryan TE, Ferreira LF. Skeletal muscle Nox4 knockout prevents and Nox2 knockout blunts loss of maximal diaphragm force in mice with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:23-32. [PMID: 36436728 PMCID: PMC10191720 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) experience diaphragm weakness that contributes to the primary disease symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. Weakness in the diaphragm is related to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the exact source of ROS remains unknown. NAD(P)H Oxidases (Nox), particularly the Nox2 and 4 isoforms, are important sources of ROS within skeletal muscle that contribute to optimal cell function. There are reports of increased Nox activity in the diaphragm of patients and animal models of HFrEF, implicating these complexes as possible sources of diaphragm dysfunction in HFrEF. To investigate the role of these proteins on diaphragm weakness in HFrEF, we generated inducible skeletal muscle specific knockouts of Nox2 or Nox4 using the Cre-Lox system and assessed diaphragm function in a mouse model of HFrEF induced by myocardial infarction. Diaphragm maximal specific force measured in vitro was depressed by ∼20% with HFrEF. Skeletal muscle knockout of Nox4 provided full protection against the loss of maximal force (p < 0.01), while the knockout of Nox2 provided partial protection (7% depression, p < 0.01). Knockout of Nox2 from skeletal myofibers improved survival from 50 to 80% following myocardial infarction (p = 0.026). Our findings show an important role for skeletal muscle NAD(P)H Oxidases contributing to loss of diaphragm maximal force in HFrEF, along with systemic pathophysiological responses following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel C Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Endocrine Society, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Derek R Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alex Shamoun
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nuria Curbelo-Bermudez
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W Greyson Butler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Drummond SE, Burns DP, Maghrani SE, Ziegler O, Healy V, O'Halloran KD. NADPH oxidase-2 is necessary for chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle weakness in adult male mice. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:946-964. [PMID: 35728802 PMCID: PMC9542769 DOI: 10.1113/ep090536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) evokes redox changes, culminating in impaired upper airway muscle function: what is the specific source of CIH‐induced reactive oxygen species? What is the main finding and its importance? Profound sternohyoid muscle dysfunction following exposure to CIH was entirely prevented by apocynin co‐treatment or NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) deletion. The results have implications for human obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and point to antioxidant intervention, potentially targeting NOX2 blockade, as a therapeutic strategy.
Abstract Exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) evokes redox changes, culminating in impaired upper airway muscle function. We sought to determine if NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)‐derived reactive oxygen species underpin CIH‐induced maladaptive changes in upper airway (sternohyoid) muscle performance. Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were assigned to one of three groups: normoxic controls (sham); CIH‐exposed (CIH, 12 cycles/hour, 8 h/day for 14 days); and CIH + apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor, 2 mM) given in the drinking water throughout exposure to CIH. In addition, we studied sham and CIH‐exposed NOX2‐null mice (B6.129S‐CybbTM1Din/J). Profound sternohyoid muscle dysfunction following exposure to CIH was entirely prevented by apocynin co‐treatment or NOX2 deletion. Exposure to CIH increased sternohyoid muscle NOX enzyme activity, with no alteration to the gene or protein expression of NOX subunits. There was no evidence of overt oxidative stress, muscle regeneration, inflammation or atrophy following exposure to CIH. We suggest that NOX‐dependent CIH‐induced upper airway muscle weakness increases vulnerability to upper airway obstruction. Our results have implications for human obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and point to antioxidant intervention, potentially targeting NOX2 blockade, as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Drummond
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David P Burns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah El Maghrani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oscar Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincent Healy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Mangner N, Garbade J, Heyne E, van den Berg M, Winzer EB, Hommel J, Sandri M, Jozwiak-Nozdrzykowska J, Meyer AL, Lehmann S, Schmitz C, Malfatti E, Schwarzer M, Ottenheijm CAC, Bowen TS, Linke A, Adams V. Molecular Mechanisms of Diaphragm Myopathy in Humans With Severe Heart Failure. Circ Res 2021; 128:706-719. [PMID: 33535772 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Garbade
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (J.G., S.L.), Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany (E.H., M.S.)
| | | | - Ephraim B Winzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hommel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Sandri
- Department of Cardiology (M.S., J.J.-N.), Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany (E.H., M.S.)
| | | | - Anna L Meyer
- Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Marfan Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.L.M.)
| | - Sven Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (J.G., S.L.), Heart Center Leipzig - University Hospital, Germany
| | - Clara Schmitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Neurology, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, CHU Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France (E.M.). U1179 UVSQ-INSERM, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | | | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Physiology, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), the Netherlands (M.v.d.B., C.A.C.O.)
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (T.S.B.)
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany (A.L., V.A.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (N.M., E.B.W., J.H., C.S., A.L. V.A.), Herzzentrum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany (A.L., V.A.)
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8
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Yegorova S, Yegorov O, Ferreira LF. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional signature of pathological remodeling in the diaphragm of rats after myocardial infarction. Gene 2020; 770:145356. [PMID: 33333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and the chronic phase post-myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by diaphragm morphological, contractile, and metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms of diaphragm weakness are not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to identify the transcriptome changes associated with diaphragm abnormalities in the chronic stage MI. We ligated the left coronary artery to cause MI in rats and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in diaphragm samples 16 weeks post-surgery. The sham group underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy but no artery ligation. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of a total of 9664 genes. Myocardial infarction upregulated and downregulated 42 and 70 genes, respectively. Analysis of DEGs in the framework of skeletal muscle-specific biological networks suggest remodeling in the neuromuscular junction, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and changes in metabolism and iron homeostasis. Overall, the data are consistent with pathological remodeling of the diaphragm and reveal potential biological targets to prevent diaphragm weakness in the chronic stage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Cabrera-Aguilera I, Falcones B, Calvo-Fernández A, Benito B, Barreiro E, Gea J, Farré R, Almendros I, Farré N. The conventional isoproterenol-induced heart failure model does not consistently mimic the diaphragmatic dysfunction observed in patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236923. [PMID: 32730329 PMCID: PMC7392250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) impairs diaphragm function. Animal models realistically mimicking HF should feature both the cardiac alterations and the diaphragmatic dysfunction characterizing this disease. The isoproterenol-induced HF model is widely used, but whether it presents diaphragmatic dysfunction is unknown. However, indirect data from research in other fields suggest that isoproterenol could increase diaphragm function. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the widespread rodent model of isoproterenol-induced HF results in increased diaphragmatic contractility. Forty C57BL/6J male mice were randomized into 2 groups: HF and healthy controls. After 30 days of isoproterenol infusion to establish HF, in vivo diaphragmatic excursion and ex vivo isolated diaphragm contractibility were measured. As compared with healthy controls, mice with isoproterenol-induced HF showed the expected changes in structural and functional echocardiographic parameters and lung edema. isoproterenol-induced HF increased in vivo diaphragm excursion (by ≈30%, p<0.01) and increased by ≈50% both ex vivo peak specific force (p<0.05) and tetanic force (p<0.05) at almost all 10–100 Hz frequencies (p<0.05), with reduced fatigue resistance (p<0.01) when compared with healthy controls. Expression of myosin genes encoding the main muscle fiber types revealed that Myh4 was higher in isoproterenol-induced HF than in healthy controls (p<0.05), suggesting greater distribution of type IIb fibers. These results show that the conventional isoproterenol-induced HF model increases diaphragm contraction, a finding contrary to what is observed in patients with HF. Therefore, this specific model seems limited for translational an integrative HF research, especially when cardio-respiratory interactions are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Calvo-Fernández
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Department, Hospital del Mar and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Department, Hospital del Mar and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Farré
- Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Diaphragm weakness and proteomics (global and redox) modifications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:238-249. [PMID: 32035137 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspiratory dysfunction occurs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a manner that depends on disease severity and by mechanisms that are not fully understood. In the current study, we tested whether HFrEF effects on diaphragm (inspiratory muscle) depend on disease severity and examined putative mechanisms for diaphragm abnormalities via global and redox proteomics. We allocated male rats into Sham, moderate (mHFrEF), or severe HFrEF (sHFrEF) induced by myocardial infarction and examined the diaphragm muscle. Both mHFrEF and sHFrEF caused atrophy in type IIa and IIb/x fibers. Maximal and twitch specific forces (N/cm2) were decreased by 19 ± 10% and 28 ± 13%, respectively, in sHFrEF (p < .05), but not in mHFrEF. Global proteomics revealed upregulation of sarcomeric proteins and downregulation of ribosomal and glucose metabolism proteins in sHFrEF. Redox proteomics showed that sHFrEF increased reversibly oxidized cysteine in cytoskeletal and thin filament proteins and methionine in skeletal muscle α-actin (range 0.5 to 3.3-fold; p < .05). In conclusion, fiber atrophy plus contractile dysfunction caused diaphragm weakness in HFrEF. Decreased ribosomal proteins and heighted reversible oxidation of protein thiols are candidate mechanisms for atrophy or anabolic resistance as well as loss of specific force in sHFrEF.
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11
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Morton AB, Norton CE, Jacobsen NL, Fernando CA, Cornelison DDW, Segal SS. Barium chloride injures myofibers through calcium-induced proteolysis with fragmentation of motor nerves and microvessels. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:27. [PMID: 31694693 PMCID: PMC6833148 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local injection of BaCl2 is an established model of acute injury to study the regeneration of skeletal muscle. However, the mechanism by which BaCl2 causes muscle injury is unresolved. Because Ba2+ inhibits K+ channels, we hypothesized that BaCl2 induces myofiber depolarization leading to Ca2+ overload, proteolysis, and membrane disruption. While BaCl2 spares resident satellite cells, its effect on other tissue components integral to contractile function has not been defined. We therefore asked whether motor nerves and microvessels, which control and supply myofibers, are injured by BaCl2 treatment. Methods The intact extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was isolated from male mice (aged 3–4 months) and irrigated with physiological salt solution (PSS) at 37 °C. Myofiber membrane potential (Vm) was recorded using sharp microelectrodes while intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was evaluated with Fura 2 dye. Isometric force production of EDL was measured in situ, proteolytic activity was quantified by calpain degradation of αII-spectrin, and membrane disruption was marked by nuclear staining with propidium iodide (PI). To test for effects on motor nerves and microvessels, tibialis anterior or gluteus maximus muscles were injected with 1.2% BaCl2 (50–75 μL) in vivo followed by immunostaining to evaluate the integrity of respective tissue elements post injury. Data were analyzed using Students t test and analysis of variance with P ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Addition of 1.2% BaCl2 to PSS depolarized myofibers from − 79 ± 3 mV to − 17 ± 7 mV with a corresponding rise in [Ca2+]i; isometric force transiently increased from 7.4 ± 0.1 g to 11.1 ± 0.4 g. Following 1 h of BaCl2 exposure, 92 ± 3% of myonuclei stained with PI (vs. 8 ± 3% in controls) with enhanced cleavage of αII-spectrin. Eliminating Ca2+ from PSS prevented the rise in [Ca2+]i and ameliorated myonuclear staining with PI during BaCl2 exposure. Motor axons and capillary networks appeared fragmented within 24 h following injection of 1.2% BaCl2 and morphological integrity deteriorated through 72 h. Conclusions BaCl2 injures myofibers through depolarization of the sarcolemma, causing Ca2+ overload with transient contraction, leading to proteolysis and membrane rupture. Motor innervation and capillarity appear disrupted concomitant with myofiber damage, further compromising muscle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Morton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, MA415 Medical Sciences Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, MA415 Medical Sciences Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, MA415 Medical Sciences Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Charmain A Fernando
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, MA415 Medical Sciences Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - D D W Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, MA415 Medical Sciences Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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12
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Cannon DT, Rodewohl L, Adams V, Breen EC, Bowen TS. Skeletal myofiber VEGF deficiency leads to mitochondrial, structural, and contractile alterations in mouse diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1360-1369. [PMID: 31487223 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00779.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragm dysfunction accompanies cardiopulmonary disease and impaired oxygen delivery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates oxygen delivery through angiogenesis, capillary maintenance, and contraction-induced perfusion. We hypothesized that myofiber-specific VEGF deficiency contributes to diaphragm weakness and fatigability. Diaphragm protein expression, capillarity and fiber morphology, mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, and contractile function were compared between adult mice with conditional gene ablation of skeletal myofiber VEGF (SkmVEGF-/-; n = 12) and littermate controls (n = 13). Diaphragm VEGF protein was ~50% lower in SkmVEGF-/- than littermate controls (1.45 ± 0.65 vs. 3.04 ± 1.41 pg/total protein; P = 0.001). This was accompanied by an ~15% impairment in maximal isometric specific force (F[1,23] = 15.01, P = 0.001) and a trend for improved fatigue resistance (P = 0.053). Mean fiber cross-sectional area and type I fiber cross-sectional area were lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% and ~25% (P < 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio was also lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% (P < 0.05), and thus capillary density was not different. Sarcomeric actin expression was ~30% lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P < 0.05), whereas myosin heavy chain and MAFbx were similar (measured via immunoblot). Mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase activity, PGC-1α, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α were not different in SkmVEGF-/- (P > 0.05). However, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux was lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P = 0.0003). In conclusion, myofiber-specific VEGF gene deletion resulted in a lower capillary-to-fiber ratio, type I fiber atrophy, actin loss, and contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. In contrast, mitochondrial respiratory function was preserved alongside lower ROS generation, which may play a compensatory role to preserve fatigue resistance in the diaphragm.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm weakness is a hallmark of diseases in which oxygen delivery is compromised. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulates muscle perfusion; however, it remains unclear whether VEGF deficiency contributes to the onset of diaphragm dysfunction. Conditional skeletal myofiber VEGF gene ablation impaired diaphragm contractile function and resulted in type I fiber atrophy, a lower number of capillaries per fiber, and contractile protein content. Mitochondrial function was similar and reactive oxygen species flux was lower. Diaphragm VEGF deficiency may contribute to the onset of respiratory muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cannon
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Lukas Rodewohl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Universität Leipzig Herzzentrum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Spiesshoefer J, Boentert M, Tuleta I, Giannoni A, Langer D, Kabitz HJ. Diaphragm Involvement in Heart Failure: Mere Consequence of Hypoperfusion or Mediated by HF-Related Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Storms? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1335. [PMID: 31749709 PMCID: PMC6842997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Spiesshoefer
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology With Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology With Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Izabela Tuleta
- Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, National Research Council, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Langer
- Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Respiratory Division, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Joachim Kabitz
- Department of Pneumology, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Hahn D, Kumar RA, Ryan TE, Ferreira LF. Mitochondrial respiration and H 2O 2 emission in saponin-permeabilized murine diaphragm fibers: optimization of fiber separation and comparison to limb muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C665-C673. [PMID: 31314583 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00184.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diaphragm abnormalities in aging or chronic diseases include impaired mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission, which can be measured using saponin-permeabilized muscle fibers. Mouse diaphragm presents a challenge for isolation of fibers due to relatively high abundance of connective tissue in healthy muscle that is exacerbated in disease states. We tested a new approach to process mouse diaphragm for assessment of intact mitochondria respiration and ROS emission in saponin-permeabilized fibers. We used the red gastrocnemius (RG) as "standard" limb muscle. Markers of mitochondrial content were two- to fourfold higher in diaphragm (Dia) than in RG (P < 0.05). Maximal O2 consumption (JO2: pmol·s-1·mg-1) in Dia was higher with glutamate, malate, and succinate (Dia 399 ± 127, RG 148 ± 60; P < 0.05) and palmitoyl-CoA + carnitine (Dia 15 ± 5, RG 7 ± 1; P < 0.05) than in RG, but not different between muscles when JO2 was normalized to citrate synthase activity. Absolute JO2 for Dia was two- to fourfold higher than reported in previous studies. Mitochondrial JH2O2 was higher in Dia than in RG (P < 0.05), but lower in Dia than in RG when JH2O2 was normalized to citrate synthase activity. Our findings are consistent with an optimized diaphragm preparation for assessment of intact mitochondria in permeabilized fiber bundles. The data also suggest that higher mitochondrial content potentially makes the diaphragm more susceptible to "mitochondrial onset" myopathy. Overall, the new approach will facilitate testing and understanding of diaphragm mitochondrial function in mouse models that are used to advance biomedical research and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ravi A Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Coblentz PD, Ahn B, Hayward LF, Yoo JK, Christou DD, Ferreira LF. Small-hairpin RNA and pharmacological targeting of neutral sphingomyelinase prevent diaphragm weakness in rats with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L679-L690. [PMID: 30702345 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00516.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) increases neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) activity and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission and causes diaphragm weakness. We tested whether a systemic pharmacological NSMase inhibitor or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting NSMase isoform 3 (NSMase3) would prevent diaphragm abnormalities induced by HFREF caused by myocardial infarction. In the pharmacological intervention, we used intraperitoneal injection of GW4869 or vehicle. In the genetic intervention, we injected adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) containing shRNA targeting NSMase3 or a scrambled sequence directly into the diaphragm. We also studied acid sphingomyelinase-knockout mice. GW4869 prevented the increase in diaphragm ceramide content, weakness, and tachypnea caused by HFREF. For example, maximal specific forces (in N/cm2) were vehicle [sham 31 ± 2 and HFREF 26 ± 2 ( P < 0.05)] and GW4869 (sham 31 ± 2 and HFREF 31 ± 1). Respiratory rates were (in breaths/min) vehicle [sham 61 ± 3 and HFREF 84 ± 11 ( P < 0.05)] and GW4869 (sham 66 ± 2 and HFREF 72 ± 2). AAV9-NSMase3 shRNA prevented heightening of diaphragm mitochondrial ROS and weakness [in N/cm2, AAV9-scrambled shRNA: sham 31 ± 2 and HFREF 27 ± 2 ( P < 0.05); AAV9-NSMase3 shRNA: sham 30 ± 1 and HFREF 30 ± 1] but displayed tachypnea. Both wild-type and ASMase-knockout mice with HFREF displayed diaphragm weakness. Our study suggests that activation of NSMase3 causes diaphragm weakness in HFREF, presumably through accumulation of ceramide and elevation in mitochondrial ROS. Our data also reveal a novel inhibitory effect of GW4869 on tachypnea in HFREF likely mediated by changes in neural control of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Coblentz
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Linda F Hayward
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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16
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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van Dalen SCM, Kruisbergen NNL, Walgreen B, Helsen MMA, Slöetjes AW, Cremers NAJ, Koenders MI, van de Loo FAJ, Roth J, Vogl T, Blom AB, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PLEM, van den Bosch MHJ. The role of NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1722-1732. [PMID: 30195046 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovitis in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CiOA) is driven by locally released S100A8/A9 proteins and enhances joint destruction. S100A8/A9 can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by phagocytes in OA synovium via neutrophil cytosolic factor-1 (Ncf1)-regulated NOX2 activation. In the present study we investigated whether NOX2-derived ROS affect joint pathology during CiOA. METHODS CiOA was induced in knee joints of wild type (WT) and Ncf1-deficient (Ncf1**) mice. Synovial gene expression of NOX2-subunits was measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Joint pathology was assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry for aggrecan neo-epitope VDIPEN. Levels of inflammatory proteins were measured with Luminex or ELISA. Phagocytes in synovium, blood, bone marrow (BM) and spleen were analyzed with flow cytometry. ROS release by phagocytes was measured with a ROS detection kit. RESULTS CiOA induction in knee joints of WT mice caused significantly increased synovial gene expression of NOX2 subunits. On day 7 of CiOA, cartilage damage and MMP activity, as measured by VDIPEN, were comparable between WT and Ncf1** mice. Synovial thickening, synovial S100A8/A9 levels and percentages of synovial macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and monocytes were not different, as were levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and phagocyte percentages in blood, BM and spleen. On day 42 of CiOA, synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation in Ncf1** mice were unaltered when compared to WT mice. ROS detection confirmed that Ncf1** PMNs lack functional NOX2, but in vitro macrophages showed ROS production, suggesting activation of compensatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Absence of Ncf1-mediated ROS production does not alter joint pathology in CiOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M van Dalen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N N L Kruisbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - B Walgreen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M M A Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A W Slöetjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N A J Cremers
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - F A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - T Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Increased SOD2 in the diaphragm contributes to exercise-induced protection against ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Redox Biol 2018; 20:402-413. [PMID: 30414534 PMCID: PMC6226598 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention for many critically ill patients. Unfortunately, prolonged MV results in rapid diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, collectively termed ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Recent evidence reveals that endurance exercise training, performed prior to MV, protects the diaphragm against VIDD. While the mechanism(s) responsible for this exercise-induced protection against VIDD remain unknown, increased diaphragm antioxidant expression may be required. To investigate the role that increased antioxidants play in this protection, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is required to achieve exercise-induced protection against VIDD. Cause and effect was investigated in two ways. First, we prevented the exercise-induced increase in diaphragmatic SOD2 via delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide targeted against SOD2 post-exercise. Second, using transgene overexpression of SOD2, we determined the effects of increased SOD2 in the diaphragm independent of exercise training. Results from these experiments revealed that prevention of the exercise-induced increases in diaphragmatic SOD2 results in a loss of exercise-mediated protection against MV-induced diaphragm atrophy and a partial loss of protection against MV-induced diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of SOD2 in the diaphragm, independent of exercise, did not protect against MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and provided only partial protection against MV-induced diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction. Collectively, these results demonstrate that increased diaphragmatic levels of SOD2 are essential to achieve the full benefit of exercise-induced protection against VIDD. Prolonged mechanical ventilation results in diaphragmatic weakness which is labeled as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Endurance exercise training performed prior to mechanical ventilation protects the diaphragm against VIDD. Preventing exercise-induced increases of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the diaphragm partially abolishes exercise protection against VIDD. Transgenic overexpression of SOD2 in the diaphragm provides only partial protection against VIDD. We conclude that increases in SOD2 abundance in the diaphragm contributes to the exercise-induced protection against VIDD.
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Ahn B, Pharaoh G, Premkumar P, Huseman K, Ranjit R, Kinter M, Szweda L, Kiss T, Fulop G, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Van Remmen H. Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates age-related contractile dysfunction and loss of skeletal muscle mass. Redox Biol 2018; 17:47-58. [PMID: 29673700 PMCID: PMC6006677 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kendra Huseman
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Luke Szweda
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gabor Fulop
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Diaphragm abnormalities in heart failure and aging: mechanisms and integration of cardiovascular and respiratory pathophysiology. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:191-207. [PMID: 27000754 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspiratory function is essential for alveolar ventilation and expulsive behaviors that promote airway clearance (e.g., coughing and sneezing). Current evidence demonstrates that inspiratory dysfunction occurs during healthy aging and is accentuated by chronic heart failure (CHF). This inspiratory dysfunction contributes to key aspects of CHF and aging cardiovascular and pulmonary pathophysiology including: (1) impaired airway clearance and predisposition to pneumonia; (2) inability to sustain ventilation during physical activity; (3) shallow breathing pattern that limits alveolar ventilation and gas exchange; and (4) sympathetic activation that causes cardiac arrhythmias and tissue vasoconstriction. The diaphragm is the primary inspiratory muscle; hence, its neuromuscular integrity is a main determinant of the adequacy of inspiratory function. Mechanistic work within animal and cellular models has revealed specific factors that may be responsible for diaphragm neuromuscular abnormalities in CHF and aging. These include phrenic nerve and neuromuscular junction alterations as well as intrinsic myocyte abnormalities, such as changes in the quantity and quality of contractile proteins, accelerated fiber atrophy, and shifts in fiber type distribution. CHF, aging, or CHF in the presence of aging disturbs the dynamics of circulating factors (e.g., cytokines and angiotensin II) and cell signaling involving sphingolipids, reactive oxygen species, and proteolytic pathways, thus leading to the previously listed abnormalities. Exercise-based rehabilitation combined with pharmacological therapies targeting the pathways reviewed herein hold promise to treat diaphragm abnormalities and inspiratory muscle dysfunction in CHF and aging.
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Deletion of NAD(P)H Oxidase 2 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3194917. [PMID: 29487866 PMCID: PMC5816890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3194917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Our previous studies reported that angiotensin II (AII) directly induced muscle atrophy in mice. This study investigated the role of NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (Nox2) activation by AII in the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. For 4 weeks, either saline (vehicle: V) or AII (1000 ng kg−1 min−1) was infused into male wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice via osmotic minipumps. Experiments were performed in the following 4 groups: WT + V, KO + V, WT + AII, and KO + AII. Body weight, muscle weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in WT + AII compared to WT + V mice, and these changes were not observed in KO + AII mice. Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 and p70S6K of Thr389 was decreased, gene expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 were increased in WT + AII compared to WT + V, and these changes were significantly attenuated in KO + AII mice. The deletion of Nox2 prevented AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via improving the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Therefore, Nox2 may be a therapeutic target for AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Xanthine Oxidase Activation Modulates the Endothelial (Vascular) Dysfunction Related to HgCl2 Exposure Plus Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 18:161-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mangner N, Bowen TS, Werner S, Fischer T, Kullnick Y, Oberbach A, Linke A, Steil L, Schuler G, Adams V. Exercise Training Prevents Diaphragm Contractile Dysfunction in Heart Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:2118-2124. [PMID: 27327028 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient studies have demonstrated the efficacy of exercise training in attenuating respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure (HF), yet direct assessment of muscle fiber contractile function together with data on the underlying intracellular mechanisms remains elusive. The present study, therefore, used a mouse model of HF to assess whether exercise training could prevent diaphragm contractile fiber dysfunction by potentially mediating the complex interplay between intracellular oxidative stress and proteolysis. METHODS Mice underwent sham operation (n = 10) or a ligation of the left coronary artery and were randomized to sedentary HF (n = 10) or HF with aerobic exercise training (HF + AET; n = 10). Ten weeks later, echocardiography and histological analyses confirmed HF. RESULTS In vitro diaphragm fiber bundles demonstrated contractile dysfunction in sedentary HF compared with sham mice that was prevented by AET, with maximal force 21.0 ± 0.7 versus 26.7 ± 1.4 and 25.4 ± 1.4 N·cm, respectively (P < 0.05). Xanthine oxidase enzyme activity and MuRF1 protein expression, markers of oxidative stress and protein degradation, were ~20% and ~70% higher in sedentary HF compared with sham mice (P < 0.05) but were not different when compared with the HF + AET group. Oxidative modifications to numerous contractile proteins (i.e., actin and creatine kinase) and markers of proteolysis (i.e., proteasome and calpain activity) were elevated in sedentary HF compared with HF + AET mice (P < 0.05); however, these indices were not significantly different between sedentary HF and sham mice. Antioxidative enzyme activities were also not different between groups. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that AET can protect against diaphragm contractile fiber dysfunction induced by HF, but it remains unclear whether alterations in oxidative stress and/or protein degradation are primarily responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- 1Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University-Heart Center, Leipzig, GERMANY; 2Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY; 3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig University-Heart Center, Leipzig, GERMANY; and 4Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, GERMANY
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24
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Adams V, Reich B, Uhlemann M, Niebauer J. Molecular effects of exercise training in patients with cardiovascular disease: focus on skeletal muscle, endothelium, and myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H72-H88. [PMID: 28476924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, we have known that exercise training exerts beneficial effects on the human body, and clear evidence is available that a higher fitness level is associated with a lower incidence of suffering premature cardiovascular death. Despite this knowledge, it took some time to also incorporate physical exercise training into the treatment plan for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, in addition to continuous exercise training, further training modalities such as high-intensity interval training and pyramid training have been introduced for coronary artery disease patients. The beneficial effect for patients with CVD is clearly documented, and during the last years, we have also started to understand the molecular mechanisms occurring in the skeletal muscle (limb muscle and diaphragm) and endothelium, two systems contributing to exercise intolerance in these patients. In the present review, we describe the effects of the different training modalities in CVD and summarize the molecular effects mainly in the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adams
- Clinic of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Reich
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Madlen Uhlemann
- Clinic of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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25
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Cunha TF, Bechara LRG, Bacurau AVN, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Dourado PM, Vasconcelos AR, Scavone C, Ferreira JCB, Brum PC. Exercise training decreases NADPH oxidase activity and restores skeletal muscle mass in heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:817-827. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00182.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that NADPH oxidase hyperactivity, NF-κB activation, and increased p38 phosphorylation lead to atrophy of glycolytic muscle in heart failure (HF). Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an efficient strategy to counteract skeletal muscle atrophy in this syndrome. Therefore, we tested whether AET would regulate muscle redox balance and protein degradation by decreasing NADPH oxidase hyperactivity and reestablishing NF-κB signaling, p38 phosphorylation, and proteasome activity in plantaris muscle of myocardial infarcted-induced HF (MI) rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats underwent MI or fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were randomly assigned into untrained (UNT) and trained (T; 8 wk of AET on treadmill) groups. AET prevented HF signals and skeletal muscle atrophy in MI-T, which showed an improved exercise tolerance, attenuated cardiac dysfunction and increased plantaris fiber cross-sectional area. To verify the role of inflammation and redox imbalance in triggering protein degradation, circulating TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase profile, NF-κB signaling, p38 protein levels, and proteasome activity were assessed. MI-T showed a reduced TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Nox2 mRNA expression toward SHAM-UNT levels. The rescue of NADPH oxidase activity induced by AET in MI rats was paralleled by reducing nuclear binding activity of the NF-κB, p38 phosphorylation, atrogin-1, mRNA levels, and 26S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. Taken together our data provide evidence for AET improving plantaris redox homeostasis in HF associated with a decreased NADPH oxidase, redox-sensitive proteins activation, and proteasome hyperactivity further preventing atrophy. These data reinforce the role of AET as an efficient therapy for muscle wasting in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates, for the first time, the contribution of aerobic exercise training (AET) in decreasing muscle NADPH oxidase activity associated with reduced reactive oxygen species production and systemic inflammation, which diminish NF-κB overactivation, p38 phosphorylation, and ubiquitin proteasome system hyperactivity. These molecular changes counteract plantaris atrophy in trained myocardial infarction-induced heart failure rats. Our data provide new evidence into how AET may regulate protein degradation and thus prevent skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma F. Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline V. N. Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo M. Dourado
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Cristóforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Ahn B, Coblentz PD, Beharry AW, Patel N, Judge AR, Moylan JS, Hoopes CW, Bonnell MR, Ferreira LF. Diaphragm Abnormalities in Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure: NADPH Oxidase Upregulation and Protein Oxidation. Front Physiol 2017; 7:686. [PMID: 28119629 PMCID: PMC5220111 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) have diaphragm abnormalities that contribute to disease morbidity and mortality. Studies in animals suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diaphragm abnormalities in HF. However, the effects of HF on ROS sources, antioxidant enzymes, and protein oxidation in the diaphragm of humans is unknown. NAD(P)H oxidase, especially the Nox2 isoform, is an important source of ROS in the diaphragm. Our main hypothesis was that diaphragm from patients with HF have heightened Nox2 expression and p47phox phosphorylation (marker of enzyme activation) that is associated with elevated protein oxidation. We collected diaphragm biopsies from patients with HF and brain-dead organ donors (controls). Diaphragm mRNA levels of Nox2 subunits were increased 2.5–4.6-fold over controls (p < 0.05). Patients also had increased protein levels of Nox2 subunits (p47phox, p22phox, and p67phox) and total p47phox phosphorylation, while phospho-to-total p47phox levels were unchanged. The antioxidant enzyme catalase was increased in patients, whereas glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutases were unchanged. Among markers of protein oxidation, carbonyls were increased by ~40% (p < 0.05) and 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosines were unchanged in patients with HF. Overall, our findings suggest that Nox2 is an important source of ROS in the diaphragm of patients with HF and increases in levels of antioxidant enzymes are not sufficient to maintain normal redox homeostasis. The net outcome is elevated diaphragm protein oxidation that has been shown to cause weakness in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip D Coblentz
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam W Beharry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Charles W Hoopes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark R Bonnell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Bowen TS, Eisenkolb S, Drobner J, Fischer T, Werner S, Linke A, Mangner N, Schuler G, Adams V. High-intensity interval training prevents oxidant-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in hypertensive mice. FASEB J 2016; 31:60-71. [PMID: 27650398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for heart failure, with the latter characterized by diaphragm muscle weakness that is mediated in part by increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we used a deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt mouse model to determine whether hypertension could independently induce diaphragm dysfunction and further investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Sham-treated (n = 11), DOCA-salt-treated (n = 11), and DOCA-salt+HIIT-treated (n = 15) mice were studied over 4 wk. Diaphragm contractile function, protein expression, enzyme activity, and fiber cross-sectional area and type were subsequently determined. Elevated blood pressure confirmed hypertension in DOCA-salt mice independent of HIIT (P < 0.05). Diaphragm forces were impaired by ∼15-20% in DOCA-salt vs. sham-treated mice (P < 0.05), but this effect was prevented after HIIT. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression tended to decrease (∼30%; P = 0.06) in DOCA-salt vs. sham- and DOCA-salt+HIIT mice, whereas oxidative stress increased (P < 0.05). Enzyme activity of NADPH oxidase was higher, but superoxide dismutase was lower, with MyHC oxidation elevated by ∼50%. HIIT further prevented direct oxidant-mediated diaphragm contractile dysfunction (P < 0.05) after a 30 min exposure to H2O-2 (1 mM). Our data suggest that hypertension induces diaphragm contractile dysfunction via an oxidant-mediated mechanism that is prevented by HIIT.-Bowen, T. S., Eisenkolb, S., Drobner, J., Fischer, T., Werner, S., Linke, A., Mangner, N., Schuler, G., Adams, V. High-intensity interval training prevents oxidant-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in hypertensive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scott Bowen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Eisenkolb
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Drobner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Ferreira LF, Laitano O. Regulation of NADPH oxidases in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:18-28. [PMID: 27184955 PMCID: PMC4975970 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The only known function of NAD(P)H oxidases is to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Skeletal muscles express three isoforms of NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4) that have been identified as critical modulators of redox homeostasis. Nox2 acts as the main source of skeletal muscle ROS during contractions, participates in insulin signaling and glucose transport, and mediates the myocyte response to osmotic stress. Nox2 and Nox4 contribute to skeletal muscle abnormalities elicited by angiotensin II, muscular dystrophy, heart failure, and high fat diet. Our review addresses the expression and regulation of NAD(P)H oxidases with emphasis on aspects that are relevant to skeletal muscle. We also summarize: i) the most widely used NAD(P)H oxidases activity assays and inhibitors, and ii) studies that have defined Nox enzymes as protagonists of skeletal muscle redox homeostasis in a variety of health and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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29
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Smith IJ, Roberts B, Beharry A, Godinez GL, Payan DG, Kinsella TM, Judge AR, Ferreira LF. Janus kinase inhibition prevents cancer- and myocardial infarction-mediated diaphragm muscle weakness in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R707-10. [PMID: 26864813 PMCID: PMC4867416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00550.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory dysfunction is prevalent in critically ill patients and can lead to adverse clinical outcomes, including respiratory failure and increased mortality. Respiratory muscles, which normally sustain respiration through inspiratory muscle contractions, become weakened during critical illness, and recent studies suggest that respiratory muscle weakness is related to systemic inflammation. Here, we investigate the pathophysiological role of the inflammatory JAK1/3 signaling pathway in diaphragm weakness in two distinct experimental models of critical illness. In the first experiment, mice received subcutaneous injections of PBS or C26 cancer cells and were fed chow formulated with or without the JAK1/3 inhibitor R548 for 26 days. Diaphragm specific force was significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice receiving standard chow; however, treatment with the JAK1/3 inhibitor completely prevented diaphragm weakness. Diaphragm cross-sectional area was diminished by ∼25% in tumor-bearing mice but was similar to healthy mice in tumor-bearing animals treated with R548. In the second study, mice received sham surgery or coronary artery ligation, leading to myocardial infarction (MI), and were treated with R548 or vehicle 1 h postsurgery, and once daily for 3 days. Diaphragm specific force was comparable between sham surgery/vehicle, sham surgery/R548 and MI/R548 groups, but significantly decreased in the MI/vehicle group. Markers of oxidative damage and activated caspase-3, mechanisms previously identified to reduce muscle contractility, were not elevated in diaphragm extracts. These experiments implicate JAK1/3 signaling in cancer- and MI-mediated diaphragm weakness in mice, and provide a compelling case for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Smith
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Brandon Roberts
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Adam Beharry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | | | | | | | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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30
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Laitano O, Ahn B, Patel N, Coblentz PD, Smuder AJ, Yoo JK, Christou DD, Adhihetty PJ, Ferreira LF. Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species counteracts diaphragm weakness in chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:733-42. [PMID: 26846552 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00822.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragm muscle weakness in chronic heart failure (CHF) is caused by elevated oxidants and exacerbates breathing abnormalities, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. However, the specific source of oxidants that cause diaphragm weakness is unknown. We examined whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diaphragm weakness in CHF by testing the hypothesis that CHF animals treated with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant have normal diaphragm function. Rats underwent CHF or sham surgery. Eight weeks after surgeries, we administered a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO; 1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or sterile saline (Vehicle). Left ventricular dysfunction (echocardiography) pre- and posttreatment and morphological abnormalities were consistent with the presence of CHF. CHF elicited a threefold (P < 0.05) increase in diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, decreased diaphragm glutathione content by 23%, and also depressed twitch and maximal tetanic force by ∼20% in Vehicle-treated animals compared with Sham (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, glutathione content, and twitch and maximal tetanic force were normal in CHF animals receiving MitoTEMPO. Neither CHF nor MitoTEMPO altered the diaphragm protein levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (CuZn-SOD or MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In both Vehicle and MitoTEMPO groups, CHF elicited a ∼30% increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity, whereas there were no changes in citrate synthase activity. Our data suggest that elevated mitochondrial H2O2 emission causes diaphragm weakness in CHF. Moreover, changes in protein levels of antioxidant enzymes or mitochondrial content do not seem to mediate the increase in mitochondria H2O2 emission in CHF and protective effects of MitoTEMPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip D Coblentz
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Adhihetty
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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