1
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Lü P, Qiu S, Pan Y, Shi S, Yu Q, Yu F, Miao L, Wang H, Chen K. Discovery of an Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor Domain Antibody from a Phage Library and Analysis of Its Inhibitory Effects in SKOV3 Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:572-579. [PMID: 34529926 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which binds to the EGF receptor, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammation in various diseases. HB-EGF mediates the progression of ovarian cancer and is associated with disease prognosis. Thus, a specific humanized antibody to HB-EGF with high affinity is important. Methods: In this study, a humanized domain antibody (VH) against HB-EGF was discovered through phage display technology. The domain antibody was expressed in HB2151 cells and purified from the supernatant using protein L, and were used to test the its effect in invasion and migration of ovarian cancer SKOV3. Results: A domain antibody against HB-EGF was discovered, with a dissociation constant of ∼30 nM. Functional assays indicated that the domain antibody inhibited the functions of HB-EGF in promoting invasion and migration of SKOV3 cells. Conclusions: The selected domain antibody is a potential tool for developing novel drugs or therapies to combat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Songlin Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shenyan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Huiying Wang
- Jiangsu Well Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Kottom TJ, Carmona EM, Limper AH. Gene Expression in Lung Epithelial Cells Following Interaction with Pneumocystis carinii and its Specific Life Forms Yields Insights into Host Gene Responses to Infection. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:238-251. [PMID: 35229348 PMCID: PMC9090966 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis spp. interacts with epithelial cells in the alveolar spaces of the lung. It is thought that the binding of Pneumocystis to host cell epithelium is needed for life cycle completion and proliferation. The effect of this interaction on lung epithelial cells have previously shown that the trophic form of this organism greatly inhibits p34 cdc2 activity, a serine/threonine kinase required for transition from G2 to M phase in the cell cycle. To gain further insight into the host response during Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), we used microarray technology to profile epithelial cell (A549) gene expression patterns following Pneumocystis carinii interaction. Furthermore, we isolated separate populations of cyst and trophic forms of P. carinii, which were then applied to the lung epithelial cells. Differential expression of genes involved in various cellular functions dependent on the specific P. carinii life form in contact with the A549 cell were identified. The reliability of our data was further confirmed by Northern blot analysis on a number of selected up or down regulated transcripts. The transcriptional response to P. carinii was dominated by cytokines, apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic related genes. These results reveal several previously unknown effects of P. carinii on the lung epithelial cell and provide insight into the complex interactions of host and pathogen. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Kottom
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Eva M Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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3
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Wang K, Meng X, Guo Z. Elastin Structure, Synthesis, Regulatory Mechanism and Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:596702. [PMID: 34917605 PMCID: PMC8670233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary component of elastic fibers, elastin plays an important role in maintaining the elasticity and tensile ability of cardiovascular, pulmonary and many other tissues and organs. Studies have shown that elastin expression is regulated by a variety of molecules that have positive and negative regulatory effects. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Moreover, elastin is reportedly involved in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases through changes in its expression and structural modifications once deposited in the extracellular matrix. This review article summarizes the role of elastin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation, with emphasis on the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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4
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Mechanisms underlying unidirectional laminar shear stress-mediated Nrf2 activation in endothelial cells: Amplification of low shear stress signaling by primary cilia. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102103. [PMID: 34425388 PMCID: PMC8379703 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are sensitive to mechanical stress and respond differently to oscillatory flow versus unidirectional flow. This review highlights the mechanisms by which a wide range of unidirectional laminar shear stress induces activation of the redox sensitive antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cultured endothelial cells. We propose that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are potential Nrf2 activators induced by laminar shear stress. Shear stress-dependent secretion of FGF-2 and its receptor-mediated signaling is tightly controlled, requiring neutrophil elastase released by shear stress, αvβ3 integrin and the cell surface glycocalyx. We speculate that primary cilia respond to low laminar shear stress (<10 dyn/cm2), resulting in secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which facilitates αvβ3 integrin-dependent FGF-2 secretion. Shear stress induces generation of heparan-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which contributes to FGF-2 secretion and gene expression. Furthermore, HB-EGF signaling modulates FGF-2-mediated NADPH oxidase 1 activation that favors casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation/activation of Nrf2 associated with caveolin 1 in caveolae. Higher shear stress (>15 dyn/cm2) induces vesicular exocytosis of BDNF from endothelial cells, and we propose that BDNF via the p75NTR receptor could induce CK2-mediated Nrf2 activation. Unidirectional laminar shear stress upregulates gene expression of FGF-2 and BDNF and generation of 15d-PGJ2, which cooperate in sustaining Nrf2 activation to protect endothelial cells against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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5
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Benjamin JT, Plosa EJ, Sucre JM, van der Meer R, Dave S, Gutor S, Nichols DS, Gulleman PM, Jetter CS, Han W, Xin M, Dinella PC, Catanzarite A, Kook S, Dolma K, Lal CV, Gaggar A, Blalock JE, Newcomb DC, Richmond BW, Kropski JA, Young LR, Guttentag SH, Blackwell TS. Neutrophilic inflammation during lung development disrupts elastin assembly and predisposes adult mice to COPD. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:139481. [PMID: 33108351 PMCID: PMC7773387 DOI: 10.1172/jci139481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that early life events can increase the risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using an inducible transgenic mouse model for NF-κB activation in the airway epithelium, we found that a brief period of inflammation during the saccular stage (P3-P5) but not alveolar stage (P10-P12) of lung development disrupted elastic fiber assembly, resulting in permanent reduction in lung function and development of a COPD-like lung phenotype that progressed through 24 months of age. Neutrophil depletion prevented disruption of elastic fiber assembly and restored normal lung development. Mechanistic studies uncovered a role for neutrophil elastase (NE) in downregulating expression of critical elastic fiber assembly components, particularly fibulin-5 and elastin. Further, purified human NE and NE-containing exosomes from tracheal aspirates of premature infants with lung inflammation downregulated elastin and fibulin-5 expression by saccular-stage mouse lung fibroblasts. Together, our studies define a critical developmental window for assembling the elastin scaffold in the distal lung, which is required to support lung structure and function throughout the lifespan. Although neutrophils play a well-recognized role in COPD development in adults, neutrophilic inflammation may also contribute to early-life predisposition to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin J Plosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer Ms Sucre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Riet van der Meer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shivangi Dave
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey Gutor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David S Nichols
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter M Gulleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Xin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C Dinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashley Catanzarite
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seunghyi Kook
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kalsang Dolma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charitharth V Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan H Guttentag
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Logan SM, Storey KB. Angiogenic signaling in the lungs of a metabolically suppressed hibernating mammal ( Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). PeerJ 2019; 7:e8116. [PMID: 31763078 PMCID: PMC6870509 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To conserve energy in times of limited resource availability, particularly during cold winters, hibernators suppress even the most basic of physiologic processes. Breathing rates decrease from 40 breaths/minute to less than 1 breath/min as they decrease body temperature from 37 °C to ambient. Nevertheless, after months of hibernation, these incredible mammals emerge from torpor unscathed. This study was conducted to better understand the protective and possibly anti-inflammatory adaptations that hibernator lungs may use to prevent damage associated with entering and emerging from natural torpor. We postulated that the differential protein expression of soluble protein receptors (decoy receptors that sequester soluble ligands to inhibit signal transduction) would help identify inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways in metabolically suppressed lungs. Instead, the only two soluble receptors that responded to torpor were sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, two receptors whose full-length forms are bound by VEGF-A to regulate endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Decreased sVEGFR1/2 correlated with increased total VEGFR2 protein levels. Maintained or increased levels of key γ-secretase subunits suggested that decreased sVEGFR1/2 protein levels were not due to decreased levels of intramembrane cleavage complex subunits. VEGF-A protein levels did not change, suggesting that hibernators may regulate VEGFR1/2 signaling at the level of the receptor instead of increasing relative ligand abundance. A panel of angiogenic factors used to identify biomarkers of angiogenesis showed a decrease in FGF-1 and an increase in BMP-9. Torpid lungs may use VEGF and BMP-9 signaling to balance angiogenesis and vascular stability, possibly through the activation of SMAD signaling for adaptive tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Logan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Li C, Lee MK, Gao F, Webster S, Di H, Duan J, Yang CY, Bhopal N, Peinado N, Pryhuber G, Smith SM, Borok Z, Bellusci S, Minoo P. Secondary crest myofibroblast PDGFRα controls the elastogenesis pathway via a secondary tier of signaling networks during alveologenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.176354. [PMID: 31331942 PMCID: PMC6703710 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal alveolar formation is the most important and the least understood phase of lung development. Alveolar pathologies are prominent in neonatal and adult lung diseases. The mechanisms of alveologenesis remain largely unknown. We inactivated Pdgfra postnatally in secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF), a subpopulation of lung mesenchymal cells. Lack of Pdgfra arrested alveologenesis akin to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a neonatal chronic lung disease. The transcriptome of mutant SCMF revealed 1808 altered genes encoding transcription factors, signaling and extracellular matrix molecules. Elastin mRNA was reduced, and its distribution was abnormal. Absence of Pdgfra disrupted expression of elastogenic genes, including members of the Lox, Fbn and Fbln families. Expression of EGF family members increased when Tgfb1 was repressed in mouse. Similar, but not identical, results were found in human BPD lung samples. In vitro, blocking PDGF signaling decreased elastogenic gene expression associated with increased Egf and decreased Tgfb family mRNAs. The effect was reversible by inhibiting EGF or activating TGFβ signaling. These observations demonstrate the previously unappreciated postnatal role of PDGFA/PDGFRα in controlling elastogenic gene expression via a secondary tier of signaling networks composed of EGF and TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Matt K Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sha Webster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Helen Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiang Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chang-Yo Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Navin Bhopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Neil Peinado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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8
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Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor as a Critical Mediator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2446-2456. [PMID: 30142332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family. It contains an EGF-like domain as well as a heparin-binding domain that allows for interactions with heparin and cell-surface heparan sulfate. Soluble mature HB-EGF, a ligand of human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 4, is cleaved from the membrane-associated pro-HB-EGF by matrix metalloproteinase or a disintegrin and metalloproteinase in a process called ectodomain shedding. Signaling through human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 4 results in a variety of effects, including cellular proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. HB-EGF levels increase in response to different forms of injuries as well as stimuli, such as lysophosphatidic acid, retinoic acid, and 17β-estradiol. Because it is widely expressed in many organs, HB-EGF plays a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration throughout the body. It promotes cutaneous wound healing, hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy, intestinal anastomosis strength, alveolar regeneration after pneumonectomy, neurogenesis after ischemic injury, bladder wall thickening in response to urinary tract obstruction, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury to many cell types. Additionally, innovative strategies to deliver HB-EGF to sites of organ injury or to increase the endogenous levels of shed HB-EGF have been attempted with promising results. Harnessing the reparatory properties of HB-EGF in the clinical setting, therefore, may produce therapies that augment the treatment of various organ injuries.
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9
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The Extracellular Matrix, Basement Membrane, and Glycocalyx. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Ingram JL, Slade D, Church TD, Francisco D, Heck K, Sigmon RW, Ghio M, Murillo A, Firszt R, Lugogo NL, Que L, Sunday ME, Kraft M. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in Interleukin-13-Suppressed Elastin in Airway Fibroblasts in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:41-50. [PMID: 26074138 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0290oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin synthesis and degradation in the airway and lung parenchyma contribute to airway mechanics, including airway patency and elastic recoil. IL-13 mediates many features of asthma pathobiology, including airway remodeling, but the effects of IL-13 on elastin architecture in the airway wall are not known. We hypothesized that IL-13 modulates elastin expression in airway fibroblasts from subjects with allergic asthma. Twenty-five subjects with mild asthma (FEV1, 89 ± 3% predicted) and 30 normal control subjects (FEV1, 102 ± 2% predicted) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy. Elastic fibers were visualized in airway biopsy specimens using Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin elastic stain. Airway fibroblasts were exposed to IL-13; a pan-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (GM6001); specific inhibitors to MMP-1, -2, -3, and -8; and combinations of IL-13 with MMP inhibitors in separate conditions in serum-free media for 48 hours. Elastin (ELN) expression as well as MMP secretion and activity were quantified. Results of this study show that elastic fiber staining of airway biopsy tissue was significantly associated with methacholine PC20 (i.e., the provocative concentration of methacholine resulting in a 20% fall in FEV1 levels) in patients with asthma. IL-13 significantly suppressed ELN expression in asthmatic airway fibroblasts as compared with normal control fibroblasts. The effect of IL-13 on ELN expression was significantly correlated with postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC in patients with asthma. MMP inhibition significantly stimulated ELN expression in patients with asthma as compared with normal control subjects. Specific inhibition of MMP-1 and MMP-2, but not MMP-3 or MMP-8, reversed the IL-13-induced suppression of ELN expression. In asthma, MMP-1 and MMP-2 mediate IL-13-induced suppression of ELN expression in airway fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karissa Heck
- 3 Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary E Sunday
- Departments of 1 Medicine.,3 Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Ishii T, Gemma A, Kida K. Senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through effects on telomeres and the anti-aging molecule fibroblast growth factor 23. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:827-33. [PMID: 25257970 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fibroblast growth factor 23 knockout mice develop premature aging and emphysema, indicating that dysregulation of the normal aging process is involved in the pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, we explored the association among a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor 23, its protein concentration in serum and telomere length in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS The study involved 361 smokers; among whom, 244 were patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We genotyped a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor 23, rs7955866, and measured the telomere length of the peripheral blood cells. We also determined emphysema severity and airflow obstruction using computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between the disease phenotypes and fibroblast growth factor 23 genotypes or telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as the association between the serum level of the studied protein and its genotypes. RESULTS The mice with A alleles on rs7955866 showed severe upper lung emphysema (P = 0.008). The serum concentration of the tested protein was lower in the mice with A allele than in the G homozygotes (P = 0.004). Telomere shortening was associated with airflow obstruction (P = 0.009), but not with upper lung emphysema. CONCLUSIONS A variation of fibroblast growth factor 23 with a reduced serum concentration appeared to promote emphysema formation. Telomere shortening in peripheral blood leukocytes was not associated with emphysema, but with airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through an independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Ishii
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozui Kida
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Lannoy M, Slove S, Louedec L, Choqueux C, Journé C, Michel JB, Jacob MP. Inhibition of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation: A New Strategy to Stimulate Elastogenesis in the Aorta. Hypertension 2014; 64:423-30. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lannoy
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Séverin Slove
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Liliane Louedec
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Christine Choqueux
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Clément Journé
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
| | - Marie-Paule Jacob
- From INSERM, U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., L.L., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M., M.-P.J.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75018, France (M.L., S.S., C.C., C.J., J.-B.M.); and Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Paris F-75018, France (C.J.)
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13
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Nugent MA, Zaia J, Spencer JL. Heparan sulfate-protein binding specificity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:726-35. [PMID: 24010836 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) represents a large class of linear polysaccharides that are required for the function of all mammalian physiological systems. HS is characterized by a repeating disaccharide backbone that is subject to a wide range of modifications, making this class of macromolecules arguably the most information dense in all of biology. The majority of HS functions are associated with the ability to bind and regulate a wide range of proteins. Indeed, recent years have seen an explosion in the discovery of new activities for HS where it is now recognized that this class of glycans functions as co-receptors for growth factors and cytokines, modulates cellular uptake of lipoproteins, regulates protease activity, is critical to amyloid plaque formation, is used by opportunistic pathogens to enter cells, and may even participate in epigenetic regulation. This review will discuss the current state of understanding regarding the specificity of HS-protein binding and will describe the concept that protein binding to HS depends on the overall organization of domains within HS rather than fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nugent
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Underlying the dynamic regulation of tropoelastin expression and elastin formation in development and disease are transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that have been the focus of much research. Of particular importance is the cytokine-governed elastin regulatory axis in which the pro-elastogenic activities of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are opposed by anti-elastogenic activities of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), EGF, PDGF-BB, TGFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and noncanonical TGFβ1 signaling. A key mechanistic feature of the regulatory axis is that cytokines influence elastin formation through effects on the cell cycle involving control of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase complexes and activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In this article we provide an overview of the major cytokines/growth factors that modulate elastogenesis and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms for their action on elastin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Sproul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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15
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Acute and impaired wound healing: pathophysiology and current methods for drug delivery, part 2: role of growth factors in normal and pathological wound healing: therapeutic potential and methods of delivery. Adv Skin Wound Care 2012; 25:349-70. [PMID: 22820962 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000418541.31366.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of 2 articles that discuss the biology and pathophysiology of wound healing, reviewing the role that growth factors play in this process and describing the current methods for growth factor delivery into the wound bed.
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16
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Lin S, Mequanint K. The role of Ras-ERK-IL-1β signaling pathway in upregulation of elastin expression by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells cultured in 3D scaffolds. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7047-56. [PMID: 22796164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of endogenous elastin, a key structural component of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), is an important requirement for engineered vascular tissues. In addition to providing elastic recoil of the tissue, elastin influences cell function and promotes cell signaling by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. Although progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of in vivo elastin expression and incorporation into fibers, it is notably absent from engineered vessels. Recently we showed that the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold topography was able to upregulate elastin synthesis by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). The present study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for 3D scaffold-induced elastin gene transcription. Here, we show several lines of evidence that signal transduction pathway leading to elastin gene expression by HCASMC cultured in synthetic 3D scaffolds to be strikingly different from two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. In 3D scaffolds, α5β1 integrin engagement by HCASMC was significantly reduced and the putative focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was poorly phosphorylated concomitant with FAK and protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 downregulation. FAK-associated adhesion proteins vinculin and paxillin were also significantly downregulated by the 3D scaffold topography. Furthermore, contrary to 2D cultures, HCASMC cultured on 3D scaffolds had no Rho activation suggesting pliability of the elastomeric synthetic scaffold. Elastin expression in 3D cultures followed Ras-ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway and was further dependent on endogenously expressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Blocking of ERK1/2 activation using a pharmacologic inhibitor reduced both elastin and IL-1β gene expressions in 3D cultures. Transient transfection of IL-1β using siRNA, however, did not affect ERK1/2 activation but downregulated elastin gene expression suggesting that endogenous IL-1β acts downstream from ERK1/2. Taken together, results of the present study provide evidence that endogenous IL-1β play a role in elastin gene upregulation and, that this upregulation is mediated by the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway in 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Chaturvedi S, Hass R. Extracellular signals in young and aging breast epithelial cells and possible connections to age-associated breast cancer development. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:213-9. [PMID: 21507328 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging of human breast tissue is accompanied by certain structural and functional variations and several studies suggest a possible contribution of these changes to an aging-related breast cancer development. At the cellular level, aging of human mammary epithelial cells is associated with significant morphological and functional alterations such as an increased cell size and a reduced proliferation. Cellular senescence of HMEC cannot be explained by a single mechanism but represents an interaction of numerous extra- and intracellular events and the complexity of such orchestrating pathways is still hardly understood. Besides the contribution of reactive oxygen species and telomere dysfunction to aging, it is the aim of this mini-review, to compare distinct changes to extracellular signals by certain matrix metalloproteinases including MMP-7 and associated growth factor pathways mediated by HB-EGF activation in young and aging HMEC. Such changes can alter hormone receptor levels within aged HMEC, induce tissue fibrosis and promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a potential prerequisite for breast cancer development. Moreover, an accumulation of aging cells during the normal life span of the breast tissue may also substantially effect and interact with adjacent neighboring populations in the local microenvironment to provide optimized growth conditions which would also support neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhada Chaturvedi
- Department of Gynecology, Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab (OE 6411), Medical School Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Kimber SJ, Sneddon SF, Bloor DJ, El-Bareg AM, Hawkhead JA, Metcalfe AD, Houghton FD, Leese HJ, Rutherford A, Lieberman BA, Brison DR. Expression of genes involved in early cell fate decisions in human embryos and their regulation by growth factors. Reproduction 2008; 135:635-47. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is understood about the regulation of gene expression in human preimplantation embryos. We set out to examine the expression in human preimplantation embryos of a number of genes known to be critical for early development of the murine embryo. The expression profile of these genes was analysed throughout preimplantation development and in response to growth factor (GF) stimulation. Developmental expression of a number of genes was similar to that seen in murine embryos (OCT3B/4,CDX2,NANOG). However,GATA6is expressed throughout preimplantation development in the human. Embryos were cultured in IGF-I, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), all of which are known to stimulate the development of human embryos. Our data show that culture in HBEGF and LIF appears to facilitate human embryo expression of a number of genes:ERBB4(LIF) andLIFRandDSC2(HBEGF) while in the presence of HBEGF no blastocysts expressedEOMESand when cultured with LIF only two out of nine blastocysts expressedTBN. These data improve our knowledge of the similarities between human and murine embryos and the influence of GFs on human embryo gene expression. Results from this study will improve the understanding of cell fate decisions in early human embryos, which has important implications for both IVF treatment and the derivation of human embryonic stem cells.
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19
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Yang S, Nugent MA, Panchenko MP. EGF antagonizes TGF-beta-induced tropoelastin expression in lung fibroblasts via stabilization of Smad corepressor TGIF. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L143-51. [PMID: 18441095 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00289.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that neutrophil elastase (NE) downregulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-maintained tropoelastin mRNA levels in lung fibroblasts through transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)/Mek/Erk pathway, which is dependent on the NE-initiated release of soluble EGFR ligands. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which EGF downregulates tropoelastin expression. We found that EGF downregulates tropoelastin expression through inhibition of TGF-beta signaling. We show that EGF does not prevent the TGF-beta-induced nuclear accumulation of Smad2/3; rather, EGF stabilizes the short-lived Smad transcriptional corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) via EGFR/Mek/Erk-mediated phosphorylation of TGIF. Elevation of TGIF levels, either by TGIF overexpression or prevention of TGIF degradation, is sufficient to inhibit TGF-beta-induced tropoelastin expression. Moreover, TGIF is essential for EGF-mediated downregulation of tropoelastin expression, inasmuch as small interfering RNA knockdown of TGIF blocked EGF-induced downregulation of tropoelastin. Finally, we demonstrated that NE treatment, which releases EGF-like growth factors, causes stabilization of TGIF through the EGFR/Mek/Erk pathway. These results suggest that EGFR/Mek/Erk signaling specifically antagonizes the proelastogenic action of TGF-beta in lung fibroblasts by stabilizing the Smad transcriptional corepressor TGIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Geserick C, Tejera A, González-Suárez E, Klatt P, Blasco MA. Expression of mTert in primary murine cells links the growth-promoting effects of telomerase to transforming growth factor-β signaling. Oncogene 2006; 25:4310-9. [PMID: 16501597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of mouse telomerase (mTert) confers a growth advantage to primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which have very long telomeres, as well as facilitates their spontaneous immortalization and increases their colony-forming capacity upon activation of oncogenes. We demonstrate that these telomere length-independent growth-promoting effects of mTert overexpression require catalytically active mTert, as well as the formation of mTert/Terc complexes. The gene expression profile of mTert-overexpressing MEFs indicates that telomerase enhances growth in these cells through the repression of growth-inhibiting genes of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling network. We functionally validate this result by showing that mTert abrogates the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta in MEFs, thus demonstrating that telomerase increments the proliferative potential of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts by targeting the TGF-beta pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geserick
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
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21
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DiCamillo SJ, Yang S, Panchenko MV, Toselli PA, Naggar EF, Rich CB, Stone PJ, Nugent MA, Panchenko MP. Neutrophil elastase-initiated EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling counteracts stabilizing effect of autocrine TGF-beta on tropoelastin mRNA in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L232-43. [PMID: 16473861 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00530.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in emphysema, a pulmonary disease associated with excessive elastolysis and ineffective repair of interstitial elastin. Besides its direct elastolytic activity, NE releases soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and initiates EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling to downregulate tropoelastin mRNA in neonatal rat lung fibroblasts (DiCamillo SJ, Carreras I, Panchenko MV, Stone PJ, Nugent MA, Foster JA, and Panchenko MP. J Biol Chem 277: 18938-18946, 2002). We now report that NE downregulates tropoelastin mRNA in the rat fetal lung fibroblast line RFL-6. The tropoelastin mRNA downregulation is preceded by release of EGF-like and TGF-alpha-like polypeptides and requires EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, because it is prevented by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and the MEK/ERK uncoupler U0126. Tropoelastin expression in RFL-6 fibroblasts is governed by autocrine TGF-beta signaling, because TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor or TGF-beta neutralizing antibody dramatically decreases tropoelastin mRNA and protein levels. Half-life of tropoelastin mRNA in RFL-6 cells is >24 h, but it is decreased to approximately 8 h by addition of TGF-beta neutralizing antibody, EGF, TGF-alpha, or NE. Tropoelastin mRNA destabilization by NE, EGF, or TGF-alpha is abolished by AG1478 or U0126. EGF-dependent tropoelastin mRNA downregulation is reversed upon ligand withdrawal, whereas chronic EGF treatment leads to persistent downregulation of tropoelastin mRNA and protein levels and decreases insoluble elastin deposition. We conclude that NE-initiated EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling cascade overrides the autocrine TGF-beta signaling on tropoelastin mRNA stability and, therefore, decreases the elastogenic response in RFL-6 fibroblasts. We hypothesize that persistent EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling could impede the TGF-beta-induced elastogenesis/elastin repair in the chronically inflamed, elastase/anti-elastase imbalanced lung in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J DiCamillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
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22
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Rishikof DC, Lucey EC, Kuang PP, Snider GL, Goldstein RH. Induction of the myofibroblast phenotype following elastolytic injury to mouse lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:527-34. [PMID: 16328432 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The repair of alveolar structures following endotracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to mice involves the coordinated deposition of new matrix elements. We determined the induction of the myofibroblast phenotype following elastolytic injury to mouse lung by examining the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) by immunohistochemistry. We also examined elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. Changes in airspace dimensions were assessed by determining mean linear intercept. In untreated mice, alpha-SMA was localized to vascular structures and large airways, with no detectable expression in alveolar units. PPE induced alpha-SMA expression in damaged areas surrounding large vessels, in septal remnants, and in the opening ring of alveolar ducts. Elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression were up-regulated in residual alveolar structures and septal walls. PPE dose-response studies indicated that alpha1(I) collagen and elastin mRNA expression were not induced in areas of normal lung adjacent to damaged lung. The administration of low dose PPE resulted in increased alpha-SMA protein and elastin mRNA expression in the cells comprising the opening ring of alveolar ducts. Our data suggest that repair mechanisms following elastolytic injury are confined to overtly damaged alveolar structures and involve the induction of the myofibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Rishikof
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, R-304, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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23
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Roth-Kleiner M, Post M. Similarities and dissimilarities of branching and septation during lung development. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 40:113-34. [PMID: 15965895 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The lungs of small premature babies are at a developmental stage of finalizing their airway tree by a process called branching morphogenesis, and of creating terminal gas exchange units by a mechanism called septation. If the branching process is disturbed, the lung has a propensity to be hypoplastic. If septation is impaired, the terminal gas exchange units, the alveoli, tend to be enlarged and reduced in number, an entity known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Here, we review current knowledge of key molecules influencing branching and septation. In particular, we discuss the molecular similarities and dissimilarities between the two processes of airspace enlargement. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating branching and septation may provide perinatologists with targets for improving lung growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Lung Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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