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Yu X. Promising Therapeutic Treatments for Cardiac Fibrosis: Herbal Plants and Their Extracts. Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:415-443. [PMID: 37247171 PMCID: PMC10423196 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is closely associated with multiple heart diseases, which are a prominent health issue in the global world. Neurohormones and cytokines play indispensable roles in cardiac fibrosis. Many signaling pathways participate in cardiac fibrosis as well. Cardiac fibrosis is due to impaired degradation of collagen and impaired fibroblast activation, and collagen accumulation results in increasing heart stiffness and inharmonious activity, leading to structure alterations and finally cardiac function decline. Herbal plants have been applied in traditional medicines for thousands of years. Because of their naturality, they have attracted much attention for use in resisting cardiac fibrosis in recent years. This review sheds light on several extracts from herbal plants, which are promising therapeutics for reversing cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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2
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Baloglu E. Hypoxic Stress-Dependent Regulation of Na,K-ATPase in Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097855. [PMID: 37175562 PMCID: PMC10177966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, regular activity of the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) and its Na/K pump activity is essential for maintaining ion gradients, excitability, propagation of action potentials, electro-mechanical coupling, trans-membrane Na+ and Ca2+ gradients and, thus, contractility. The activity of NKA is impaired in ischemic heart disease and heart failure, which has been attributed to decreased expression of the NKA subunits. Decreased NKA activity leads to intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ overload, diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias. One signal likely related to these events is hypoxia, where hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) play a critical role in the adaptation of cells to low oxygen tension. HIF activity increases in ischemic heart, hypertension, heart failure and cardiac fibrosis; thus, it might contribute to the impaired function of NKA. This review will mainly focus on the regulation of NKA in ischemic heart disease in the context of stressed myocardium and the hypoxia-HIF axis and argue on possible consequences of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Baloglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Dorababu A, Maraswami M. Recent Advances (2015-2020) in Drug Discovery for Attenuation of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COPD. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093674. [PMID: 37175084 PMCID: PMC10179756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A condition of scarring of lung tissue due to a wide range of causes (such as environmental pollution, cigarette smoking (CS), lung diseases, some medications, etc.) has been reported as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This has become a serious problem all over the world due to the lack of efficient drugs for treatment or cure. To date, no drug has been designed that could inhibit fibrosis. However, few medications have been reported to reduce the rate of fibrosis. Meanwhile, ongoing research indicates pulmonary fibrosis can be treated in its initial stages when symptoms are mild. Here, an attempt is made to summarize the recent studies on the effects of various chemical drugs that attenuate PF and increase patients' quality of life. The review is classified based on the nature of the drug molecules, e.g., natural/biomolecule-based, synthetic-molecule-based PF inhibitors, etc. Here, the mechanisms through which the drug molecules attenuate PF are discussed. It is shown that inhibitory molecules can significantly decrease the TGF-β1, profibrotic factors, proteins responsible for inflammation, pro-fibrogenic cytokines, etc., thereby ameliorating the progress of PF. This review may be useful in designing better drugs that could reduce the fibrosis process drastically or even cure the disease to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, India
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- Department of Chemistry, Abzena LLC., 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
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4
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Galvão JGFM, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, de Almeida Lima É, Carvalho DC, Alves AF, Mascarenhas SR. Ouabain modulates airway remodeling caused by Th2-high asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Dolivo D, Rodrigues A, Sun L, Li Y, Hou C, Galiano R, Hong SJ, Mustoe T. The Na x (SCN7A) channel: an atypical regulator of tissue homeostasis and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5469-5488. [PMID: 34100980 PMCID: PMC11072345 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within an articulately characterized family of ion channels, the voltage-gated sodium channels, exists a black sheep, SCN7A (Nax). Nax, in contrast to members of its molecular family, has lost its voltage-gated character and instead rapidly evolved a new function as a concentration-dependent sensor of extracellular sodium ions and subsequent signal transducer. As it deviates fundamentally in function from the rest of its family, and since the bulk of the impressive body of literature elucidating the pathology and biochemistry of voltage-gated sodium channels has been performed in nervous tissue, reports of Nax expression and function have been sparse. Here, we investigate available reports surrounding expression and potential roles for Nax activity outside of nervous tissue. With these studies as justification, we propose that Nax likely acts as an early sensor that detects loss of tissue homeostasis through the pathological accumulation of extracellular sodium and/or through endothelin signaling. Sensation of homeostatic aberration via Nax then proceeds to induce pathological tissue phenotypes via promotion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, induced through direct regulation of gene expression or through the generation of secondary signaling molecules, such as lactate, that can operate in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. We hope that our synthesis of much of the literature investigating this understudied protein will inspire more research into Nax not simply as a biochemical oddity, but also as a potential pathophysiological regulator and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dolivo
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Adrian Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lauren Sun
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Yingxing Li
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Chun Hou
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Galiano
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- , 300 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- , 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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6
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Vahdatpour CA, Luebbert JJ, Palevsky HI. Atrial arrhythmias in chronic lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020910685. [PMID: 32215200 PMCID: PMC7065292 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020910685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial arrhythmias are common during episodes of acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic lung disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. Expert opinion suggests that management of atrial arrhythmias in patients with pulmonary hypertension should aim to restore sinus rhythm. This is clinically challenging in pulmonary hypertension patients with coexisting chronic lung disease, as there is controversy on the use of rhythm control agents; generally, in regard to either their pulmonary toxicity profile or the lack of evidence supporting their use. Rate control methods are largely focused on the use of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Concerns regarding their use involve their negative inotropic properties in cor pulmonale, the risk of bronchospasm associated with beta blockers, and the potential for ventilation/perfusion mismatching associated with calcium channel blockers. While digoxin has been associated with promising outcomes during acute right ventricular failure, there is limited evidence to suggest its routine use. Electrical cardioversion is associated with a high failure rate and it frequently requires multiple attempts. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a more definitive approach, but concerns surrounding mechanical ventilation and sedation limit its applicability in decompensated pulmonary hypertension. Individual approaches are needed to address atrial arrhythmia management during acute episodes of respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus A. Vahdatpour
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Luebbert
- Department of Cardiology, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harold I. Palevsky
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Tverskoi AM, Shiyan AA, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Maksimov GV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Search for Intracellular Sensors Involved in the Functioning of Monovalent Cations as Secondary Messengers. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1280-1295. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Smolyaninova LV, Shiyan AA, Kapilevich LV, Lopachev AV, Fedorova TN, Klementieva TS, Moskovtsev AA, Kubatiev AA, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222767. [PMID: 31557202 PMCID: PMC6762055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown previously that inhibition of the ubiquitous α1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase by ouabain sharply affects gene expression profile via elevation of intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Unlike other cells, neurons are abundant in the α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase, whose affinity in rodents to ouabain is 104-fold higher compared to the α1 isoform. With these sharp differences in mind, we compared transcriptomic changes in rat cerebellum granule cells triggered by inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms. Inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms by 1 mM ouabain resulted in dissipation of transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients and differential expression of 994 transcripts, whereas selective inhibition of α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoform by 100 nM ouabain affected expression of 144 transcripts without any impact on the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. The list of genes whose expression was affected by 1 mM ouabain by more than 2-fold was abundant in intermediates of intracellular signaling and transcription regulators, including augmented content of Npas4, Fos, Junb, Atf3, and Klf4 mRNAs, whose upregulated expression was demonstrated in neurons subjected to electrical and glutamatergic stimulation. The role [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated signaling in transcriptomic changes involved in memory formation and storage should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Smolyaninova
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
| | - Alexandra A. Shiyan
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Klementieva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Moskovtsev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
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9
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Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767
expr 919876128 + 853282961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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10
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Gohara A, Drummond CA, Tian J, Haller ST, Xie Z, Kennedy DJ. Proinflammatory Effects of Cardiotonic Steroids Mediated by NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1)/Src Complex in Renal Epithelial Cells and Immune Cells. Hypertension 2019; 74:73-82. [PMID: 31132948 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1) ligands that are increased in volume expanded states and associated with cardiac and renal diseases. Although initiation and resolution of inflammation is an important component of cellular injury and repair in renal disease, it is unknown whether CTS activation of NKA α-1 signaling in this setting regulates this inflammatory response. On this background, we hypothesized that CTS signaling through the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex promotes a proinflammatory response in renal epithelial and immune cells. First, we observed that the CTS telocinobufagin activated multiple proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in renal epithelial cells, and these effects were attenuated after either NKA α-1 knockdown or with a specific inhibitor of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex (pNaKtide). Similar findings were observed in immune cells, where we demonstrated that while telocinobufagin induced both oxidative burst and enhanced Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in macrophages ( P<0.05), the effects were abolished in NKA α-1+/- macrophages or by pretreatment with pNaKtide or the Src inhibitor PP2 ( P<0.01). In a series of in vivo studies, we found that 5/6th partial nephrectomy induced significantly less oxidative stress in the remnant kidney of NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Similarly, 5/6th partial nephrectomy yielded decreased levels of the urinary oxidative stress marker 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Finally, we found that in vivo inhibition of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex with pNaKtide significantly inhibited renal proinflammatory gene expression after 5/6th partial nephrectomy. These findings suggest that the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex plays a central role in regulating the renal inflammatory response induced by elevated CTS both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Amira Gohara
- Department of Pathology (A.G.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (Z.X.)
| | - David J Kennedy
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
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11
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Abstract
Myofibroblast activation is a critical process in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis accounting for 45% of all deaths. No effective therapies are available for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. We focus our mini-review on recent data showing that cardiotonic steroids (CTS) that are known as potent inhibitors of Na+,K+-ATPase affect myofibroblast differentiation in a cell type-specific manner. In cultured human lung fibroblasts (HLF), epithelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts, CTS blocked myofibroblast differentiation triggered by profibrotic cytokine TGF-β. In contrast, in the absence of TGF-β, CTS augmented myofibroblast differentiation of cultured cardiac fibroblasts. The cell type-specific action of CTS in myofibroblast differentiation is consistent with data obtained in in vivo studies. Thus, infusion of ouabain via osmotic mini-pumps attenuated the development of lung fibrosis in bleomycintreated mice, whereas marinobufagenin stimulated renal and cardiac fibrosis in rats with experimental renal injury. In TGF-β-treated HLF, suppression of myofibroblast differentiation by ouabain is mediated by elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio and is accompanied by upregulation of cyclooxygenase COX-2 and downregulation of TGF-β receptor TGFBR2. Augmented expression of COX-2 is abolished by inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, suggesting a key role of [Ca2+]i-mediated signaling. What is the relative impact in tissue fibrosis of [Na+]i,[K+]iindependent signaling documented in several types of CTS-treated cells? Do the different conformational transitions of Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit in the presence of ouabain and marinobufagenin contribute to their distinct involvement in myofibroblast differentiation? Additional experiments should be done to answer these questions and to develop novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of fibrosis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N. Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Jennifer La
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Nickolai O. Dulin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:107-149. [PMID: 31196602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of [Na+]i/[K+]i-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na+ content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. Eighty-three genes were found as the intersection of the four sets of identified transcripts corresponding to each cell type and are classified as ubiquitous. Among the 10 top upregulated ubiquitous transcripts are the following: Dusp6, Plk3, Trib1, Ccl7, Mafk, Atf3, Ptgs2, Cxcl1, Spry4, and Coq10b. Unique transcripts whose expression is cell-specific include 4897, 1523, 789, and 494 transcripts for RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. The role of gene expression and signal pathways induced by dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations in the development of various diseases is discussed with special attention to cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Klimanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Sidorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga D Lopina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Paczula A, Wiecek A, Piecha G. Cardiotonic Steroids-A Possible Link Between High-Salt Diet and Organ Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030590. [PMID: 30704040 PMCID: PMC6386955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary salt intake has been listed among the top ten risk factors for disability-adjusted life years. We discuss the role of endogenous cardiotonic steroids in mediating the dietary salt-induced hypertension and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Paczula
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Piecha
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
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14
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Smolyaninova LV, Shiyan AA, Kapilevich LV, Lopachev AV, Fedorova TN, Klementieva TS, Moskovtsev AA, Kubatiev AA, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222767. [PMID: 31557202 PMCID: PMC6762055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767&set/a 820829471+911750583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown previously that inhibition of the ubiquitous α1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase by ouabain sharply affects gene expression profile via elevation of intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Unlike other cells, neurons are abundant in the α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase, whose affinity in rodents to ouabain is 104-fold higher compared to the α1 isoform. With these sharp differences in mind, we compared transcriptomic changes in rat cerebellum granule cells triggered by inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms. Inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms by 1 mM ouabain resulted in dissipation of transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients and differential expression of 994 transcripts, whereas selective inhibition of α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoform by 100 nM ouabain affected expression of 144 transcripts without any impact on the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. The list of genes whose expression was affected by 1 mM ouabain by more than 2-fold was abundant in intermediates of intracellular signaling and transcription regulators, including augmented content of Npas4, Fos, Junb, Atf3, and Klf4 mRNAs, whose upregulated expression was demonstrated in neurons subjected to electrical and glutamatergic stimulation. The role [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated signaling in transcriptomic changes involved in memory formation and storage should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Smolyaninova
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
| | - Alexandra A. Shiyan
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Klementieva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Moskovtsev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
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15
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Sidorenko S, Klimanova E, Milovanova K, Lopina OD, Kapilevich LV, Chibalin AV, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes in C2C12 myotubes triggered by electrical stimulation: Role of Ca2+i-mediated and Ca2+i-independent signaling and elevated [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Cell Calcium 2018; 76:72-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Sieber P, Schäfer A, Lieberherr R, Le Goff F, Stritt M, Welford RWD, Gatfield J, Peter O, Nayler O, Lüthi U. Novel high-throughput myofibroblast assays identify agonists with therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis that act via EP2 and EP4 receptors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207872. [PMID: 30485339 PMCID: PMC6261607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological features of pulmonary fibrosis include accumulation of myofibroblasts and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in lung tissue. Contractile α–smooth muscle actin (α–SMA)–expressing myofibroblasts that produce and secrete ECM are key effector cells of the disease and therefore represent a viable target for potential novel anti–fibrotic treatments. We used primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) in two novel high–throughput screening assays to discover molecules that inhibit or revert fibroblast–to–myofibroblast differentiation. A phenotypic high–content assay (HCA) quantified the degree of myofibroblast differentiation, whereas an impedance–based assay, multiplexed with MS / MS quantification of α–SMA and collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1) protein, provided a measure of contractility and ECM formation. The synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alprostadil, which very effectively and potently attenuated and even reversed TGF–β1–induced myofibroblast differentiation, was identified by screening a library of approved drugs. In TGF–β1–induced myofibroblasts the effect of alprostadil was attributed to activation of prostanoid receptor 2 and 4 (EP2 and EP4, respectively). However, selective activation of the EP2 or the EP4 receptor was already sufficient to prevent or reverse TGF–β1–induced NHLF myofibroblast transition. Our high–throughput assays identified chemical structures with potent anti–fibrotic properties acting through potentially novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sieber
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anny Schäfer
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manuel Stritt
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - John Gatfield
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Peter
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Urs Lüthi
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
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17
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Li B, Huang X, Liu Z, Xu X, Xiao H, Zhang X, Dai H, Wang C. Ouabain ameliorates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of lung fibroblasts. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2967-2974. [PMID: 30323883 PMCID: PMC6176221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease characterized by progressive deterioration in lung function that commonly affects eldly people. The pathogenesis of the disease is incompletely understood and therefore lacking effective therapy. Ouabain a digitalis has been reported to be able to suppress lung fibroblast activation via downregulating TGF-β-smad signal pathway in vitro. Here, we investigated the effects of ouabain in pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in C57/BL6 mice by a intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.0 mg/kg), ouabain (0.6 mg/kg) was given daily via intraperitonealinjection for one week starting at 7 days after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Our study showed ouabain significantly reduce α-SMA, fibronectin and collagen I expression in lung fibrosis animal model. Further, ouabain inhibits cells proliferation and promotes apoptosis of lung fibroblasts in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicate ouabain a novel effective drug that inhibits lung fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Perking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing An-Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100054, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100054, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Perking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Perking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Perking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Perking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100029, P. R. China
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18
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Mohamed A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardiotonic Steroids and the Sodium Trade Balance: New Insights into Trade-Off Mechanisms Mediated by the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2576. [PMID: 30200235 PMCID: PMC6165267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1972 Neal Bricker presented the "trade-off" hypothesis in which he detailed the role of physiological adaptation processes in mediating some of the pathophysiology associated with declines in renal function. In the late 1990's Xie and Askari published seminal studies indicating that the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) was not only an ion pump, but also a signal transducer that interacts with several signaling partners. Since this discovery, numerous studies from multiple laboratories have shown that the NKA is a central player in mediating some of these long-term "trade-offs" of the physiological adaptation processes which Bricker originally proposed in the 1970's. In fact, NKA ligands such as cardiotonic steroids (CTS), have been shown to signal through NKA, and consequently been implicated in mediating both adaptive and maladaptive responses to volume overload such as fibrosis and oxidative stress. In this review we will emphasize the role the NKA plays in this "trade-off" with respect to CTS signaling and its implication in inflammation and fibrosis in target organs including the heart, kidney, and vasculature. As inflammation and fibrosis exhibit key roles in the pathogenesis of a number of clinical disorders such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, preeclampsia, and aging, this review will also highlight the role of newly discovered NKA signaling partners in mediating some of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Amal Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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19
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Sidorenko SV, Ziganshin RH, Luneva OG, Deev LI, Alekseeva NV, Maksimov GV, Grygorczyk R, Orlov SN. Proteomics-based identification of hypoxia-sensitive membrane-bound proteins in rat erythrocytes. J Proteomics 2018; 184:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Coleman DT, Gray AL, Stephens CA, Scott ML, Cardelli JA. Repurposed drug screen identifies cardiac glycosides as inhibitors of TGF-β-induced cancer-associated fibroblast differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32200-9. [PMID: 27058757 PMCID: PMC5078007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, primarily composed of myofibroblasts, directly influences the progression of solid tumors. Through secretion of growth factors, extracellular matrix deposition, and contractile mechanotransduction, myofibroblasts, or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), support angiogenesis and cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The differentiation of fibroblasts to CAFs is primarily induced by TGF-β from cancer cells. To discover agents capable of blocking CAF differentiation, we developed a high content immunofluorescence-based assay to screen repurposed chemical libraries utilizing fibronectin expression as an initial CAF marker. Screening of the Prestwick chemical library and NIH Clinical Collection repurposed drug library, totaling over 1700 compounds, identified cardiac glycosides as particularly potent CAF blocking agents. Cardiac glycosides are traditionally used to regulate intracellular calcium by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase to control cardiac contractility. Herein, we report that multiple cardiac glycoside compounds, including digoxin, are able to inhibit TGF-β-induced fibronectin expression at low nanomolar concentrations without undesirable cell toxicity. We found this inhibition to hold true for multiple fibroblast cell lines. Using real-time qPCR, we determined that digoxin prevented induction of multiple CAF markers. Furthermore, we report that digoxin is able to prevent TGF-β-induced fibroblast contraction of extracellular matrix, a major phenotypic consequence of CAF differentiation. Assessing the mechanism of inhibition, we found digoxin reduced SMAD promoter activity downstream of TGF-β, and we provide data that the effect is through inhibition of its known target, the Na+/K+ ATPase. These findings support a critical role for calcium signaling during CAF differentiation and highlight a novel, repurposable modality for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Coleman
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alana L Gray
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Charles A Stephens
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Matthew L Scott
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - James A Cardelli
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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21
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Smolyaninova LV, Koltsova SV, Sidorenko SV, Orlov SN. Augmented gene expression triggered by Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibition: Role of Ca 2+ i -mediated and −independent excitation-transcription coupling. Cell Calcium 2017; 68:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Bouros E, Filidou E, Arvanitidis K, Mikroulis D, Steiropoulos P, Bamias G, Bouros D, Kolios G. Lung fibrosis-associated soluble mediators and bronchoalveolar lavage from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients promote the expression of fibrogenic factors in subepithelial lung myofibroblasts. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 28865842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, excessive collagen production and accumulation of myofibroblasts. We explored the possible role of subepithelial lung myofibroblasts (SELMs) in the development of fibrosis in IPF. SELMs, isolated from surgical specimens of healthy lung tissue, were cultured with pro-inflammatory factors or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with IPF or idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP) and their fibrotic activity was assessed. Stimulation of SELMs with pro-inflammatory factors induced a significant increase of Tissue Factor (TF) and Tumor necrosis factor-Like cytokine 1 A (TL1A) expression and collagen production in culture supernatants. Stimulation with BALF from IPF patients with mild to moderate, but not severe disease, and from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TF expression. BALF from all IPF patients induced a significant increase of TL1A expression and collagen production, while BALF from iNSIP patients induced a significant increase of TL1A, but not of collagen production. Interestingly, TGF-β1 and BALF from all IPF, but not iNSIP patients, induced a significant increase in SELMs migration. In conclusion, BALF from IPF patients induces fibrotic activity in lung myofibroblasts, similar to mediators associated with lung fibrosis, indicating a key role of SELMs in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Bouros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Pneumonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - George Bamias
- Gastroenterology Department of Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit of 1st Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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23
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Na⁺ i,K⁺ i-Dependent and -Independent Signaling Triggered by Cardiotonic Steroids: Facts and Artifacts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040635. [PMID: 28420099 PMCID: PMC6153942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase is the only known receptor of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) whose interaction with catalytic α-subunits leads to inhibition of this enzyme. As predicted, CTS affect numerous cellular functions related to the maintenance of the transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations, such as electrical membrane potential, cell volume, transepithelial movement of salt and osmotically-obliged water, symport of Na⁺ with inorganic phosphate, glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, etc. During the last two decades, it was shown that side-by-side with these canonical Na⁺i/K⁺i-dependent cellular responses, long-term exposure to CTS affects transcription, translation, tight junction, cell adhesion and exhibits tissue-specific impact on cell survival and death. It was also shown that CTS trigger diverse signaling cascades via conformational transitions of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase α-subunit that, in turn, results in the activation of membrane-associated non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. These findings allowed researchers to propose that endogenous CTS might be considered as a novel class of steroid hormones. We focus our review on the analysis of the relative impact Na⁺i,K⁺i-mediated and -independent pathways in cellular responses evoked by CTS.
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24
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Fan X, Xie J, Tian J. Reducing Cardiac Fibrosis: Na/K-ATPase Signaling Complex as a Novel Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6. [PMID: 29034264 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in cardiac disease and may lead to heart failure. It can also cause sudden death even in those without cardiac symptoms. Tissue fibrosis can be categorized into two categories: replacement fibrosis (also called reparative fibrosis) and reactive fibrosis. In replacement fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins are the initial steps in forming scarlike fibrotic tissue after acute cardiac injury and cardiac cell necrosis. Reactive fibrosis can be formed in response to hormonal change and pressure or volume overload. Experimental studies in animals have identified important pathways such as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the endothelin pathway that contribute to fibrosis formation. Despite the fact that clinical trials using RAAS inhibitors as therapies for reducing cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function have been promising, heart failure is still the leading cause of deaths in the United States. Intensive efforts have been made to find novel targets and to develop new treatments for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in the past few decades. The Na/K-ATPase, a canonical ion transporter, has been shown to also function as a signal transducer and prolonged activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling has been found to promote the formation of cardiac fibrosis. Novel tools that block the activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling have been developed and have shown promise in reducing cardiac fibrosis. This review will discuss the recent development of novel molecular targets, focusing on the Na/K-ATPase signaling complex as a therapeutic target in treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Xie
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Tian
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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25
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Nigdelioglu R, Hamanaka RB, Meliton AY, O'Leary E, Witt LJ, Cho T, Sun K, Bonham C, Wu D, Woods PS, Husain AN, Wolfgeher D, Dulin NO, Chandel NS, Mutlu GM. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Promotes de Novo Serine Synthesis for Collagen Production. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27239-27251. [PMID: 27836973 PMCID: PMC5207151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β promotes excessive collagen deposition in fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The amino acid composition of collagen is unique due to its high (33%) glycine content. Here, we report that TGF-β induces expression of glycolytic genes and increases glycolytic flux. TGF-β also induces the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH)) and de novo glycine synthesis (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2)). Studies in fibroblasts with genetic attenuation of PHGDH or SHMT2 and pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH showed that these enzymes are required for collagen synthesis. Furthermore, metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated carbon from glucose incorporated into collagen. Lungs from humans with IPF demonstrated increased expression of PHGDH and SHMT2. These results indicate that the de novo serine synthesis pathway is necessary for TGF-β-induced collagen production and suggest that this pathway may be a therapeutic target for treatment of fibrotic diseases including IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Nigdelioglu
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Erin O'Leary
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Leah J Witt
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Takugo Cho
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Kaitlyn Sun
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Catherine Bonham
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - David Wu
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Parker S Woods
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Don Wolfgeher
- University of Chicago Proteomics Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 and
| | - Nickolai O Dulin
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- From the Departments of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
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26
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Patel S. Plant-derived cardiac glycosides: Role in heart ailments and cancer management. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1036-1041. [PMID: 27780131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides, the cardiotonic steroids such as digitalis have been in use as heart ailment remedy since ages. They manipulate the renin-angiotensin axis to improve cardiac output. However; their safety and efficacy have come under scrutiny in recent times, as poisoning and accidental mortalities have been observed. In order to better understand and exploit them as cardiac ionotropes, studies are being pursued using different cardiac glycosides such as digitoxin, digoxin, ouabain, oleandrin etc. Several cardiac glycosides as peruvoside have shown promise in cancer control, especially ovary cancer and leukemia. Functional variability of these glycosides has revealed that not all cardiac glycosides are alike. Apart from their specific affinity to sodium-potassium ATPase, their therapeutic dosage and behavior in poly-morbidity conditions needs to be considered. This review presents a concise account of the key findings in recent years with adequate elaboration of the mechanisms. This compilation is expected to contribute towards management of cardiac, cancer, even viral ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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27
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Lim H, Moon A. Inflammatory fibroblasts in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1021-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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