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Feo-Lucas L, Godio C, Minguito de la Escalera M, Alvarez-Ladrón N, Villarrubia LH, Vega-Pérez A, González-Cintado L, Domínguez-Andrés J, García-Fojeda B, Montero-Fernández C, Casals C, Autilio C, Pérez-Gil J, Crainiciuc G, Hidalgo A, López-Bravo M, Ardavín C. Airway allergy causes alveolar macrophage death, profound alveolar disorganization and surfactant dysfunction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125984. [PMID: 37234176 PMCID: PMC10206250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disorders caused by allergy have been associated to bronchiolar inflammation leading to life-threatening airway narrowing. However, whether airway allergy causes alveolar dysfunction contributing to the pathology of allergic asthma remains unaddressed. To explore whether airway allergy causes alveolar dysfunction that might contribute to the pathology of allergic asthma, alveolar structural and functional alterations were analyzed during house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway allergy in mice, by flow cytometry, light and electron microscopy, monocyte transfer experiments, assessment of intra-alveolarly-located cells, analysis of alveolar macrophage regeneration in Cx3cr1 cre:R26-yfp chimeras, analysis of surfactant-associated proteins, and study of lung surfactant biophysical properties by captive bubble surfactometry. Our results demonstrate that HDM-induced airway allergic reactions caused severe alveolar dysfunction, leading to alveolar macrophage death, pneumocyte hypertrophy and surfactant dysfunction. SP-B/C proteins were reduced in allergic lung surfactant, that displayed a reduced efficiency to form surface-active films, increasing the risk of atelectasis. Original alveolar macrophages were replaced by monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages, that persisted at least two months after the resolution of allergy. Monocyte to alveolar macrophage transition occurred through an intermediate stage of pre-alveolar macrophage and was paralleled with translocation into the alveolar space, Siglec-F upregulation, and downregulation of CX3CR1. These data support that the severe respiratory disorders caused by asthmatic reactions not only result from bronchiolar inflammation, but additionally from alveolar dysfunction compromising an efficient gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Feo-Lucas
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Godio
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Minguito de la Escalera
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Alvarez-Ladrón
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura H. Villarrubia
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Vega-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Cintado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montero-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovaculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Bravo
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Zhang R, Fan X, Jiang X, Zou M, Xiao H, Wu G. Multiple Mechanisms of the Synthesized Antimicrobial Peptide TS against Gram-Negative Bacteria for High Efficacy Antibacterial Action In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010060. [PMID: 33374458 PMCID: PMC7795306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria emphasizes the urgent need for novel antibiotics. The antimicrobial peptide TS shows extensive antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo, especially in gram-negative bacteria; however, its antibacterial mechanism is unclear. Here, we find that TS without hemolytic activity disrupts the integrity of the outer bacterial cell membrane by displacing divalent cations and competitively binding lipopolysaccharides. In addition, the antimicrobial peptide TS can inhibit and kill E. coli by disintegrating the bacteria from within by interacting with bacterial DNA. Thus, antimicrobial peptide TS’s multiple antibacterial mechanisms may not easily induce bacterial resistance, suggesting use as an antibacterial drug to be for combating bacterial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinglu Jiang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (X.J.); (M.Z.); (H.X.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-83272503
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3
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Diet-Induced Obesity Mice Execute Pulmonary Cell Apoptosis via Death Receptor and ER-Stress Pathways after E. coli Infection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6829271. [PMID: 32685099 PMCID: PMC7338970 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6829271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has developed into a considerable health problem in the whole world. Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause nosocomial pneumonia and induce cell apoptosis during injury and infection. Normal (lean) and diet-induced obesity mice (DIO, fed with high-fat diet) were chosen to perform nasal instillation with E. coli to establish a nonfatal acute pneumonia model. At 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinfection, lung tissues were obtained to measure cell apoptosis. As shown in this study, both lean and DIO mice exhibited histopathological lesions of acute pneumonia and increased cell apoptosis in the lung infected with E. coli. Interestingly, the relative mRNA and protein expressions associated with either endoplasmic reticulum stress or death receptor apoptotic pathway were all dramatically increased in the DIO mice after infection, while only significant upregulation of death receptor apoptotic pathway in the lean mice at 72 h. These results indicated that the DIO mice executed excess cell apoptosis in the nonfatal acute pneumonia induced by E. coli infection through endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor apoptotic pathway.
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Liu TH, Wang HP, Cho FN, Wang JL, Hung CH, Chiou YH, Chen YS, Lee SSJ, Cheng MF. Rectovaginal Colonization With Pathogenic Escherichia coli During Pregnancy And Neonatal Outcomes. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3103-3112. [PMID: 31686871 PMCID: PMC6777437 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s207857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of pathogenic Escherichia coli colonization in asymptomatic pregnant women is not well understood. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and neonatal outcomes of pathogenic E. coli colonization in pregnant women. Patients and methods A total of 137 women from southern Taiwan with singleton pregnancies were enrolled between March 2016 and June 2017. The women were prospectively screened for E. coli colonization in the rectovaginal region during prenatal examination. The exclusion criteria are twin pregnancy of the mother and major anomaly of the neonate. All E. coli isolates were identified as either pathogenic or commensal strains, and their susceptibility to various antimicrobials was investigated. Clinical data of the infants were retrieved from their medical records. Results Results showed that 35.8% of asymptomatic pregnant women had pathogenic E. coli colonization in the rectovaginal region. Neonates born to such mothers showed significant morbidities, including hospitalization (OR= 3.74, 95% CI= 1.18~11.87), hyperbilirubinemia (OR= 2.81, 95% CI= 1.24~6.38), and gastrointestinal symptoms (OR= 5.53, 95% CI= 1.39~21.94). Maternal colonization with pathogenic E. coli at rectoanal site was a risk factor for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia after Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) adjustment (52% vs 24%, adjusted P= 0.048). Conclusion The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli colonization in Taiwanese asymptomatic pregnant women was high, and the neonates born to colonized mothers exhibited potential neonatal morbidities. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Nang Cho
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Hsuan Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shin-Jung Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
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5
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Phillips-Houlbracq M, Ricard JD, Foucrier A, Yoder-Himes D, Gaudry S, Bex J, Messika J, Margetis D, Chatel J, Dobrindt U, Denamur E, Roux D. Pathophysiology of Escherichia coli pneumonia: Respective contribution of pathogenicity islands to virulence. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:290-296. [PMID: 29325882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains the most frequent life-threatening nosocomial infection. Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli are increasingly involved. If a cumulative effect of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) has been shown for E. coli virulence in urinary tract or systemic infections, very little is known regarding pathophysiology of E. coli pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the role of each of the 7 PAIs present in pathogenic E. coli strain 536 in pneumonia pathophysiology. We used mutant strains to screen pathophysiological role of PAI in a rat pneumonia model. We also test individual gene mutants within PAI identified to be involved in pneumonia pathogenesis. Finally, we determined the prevalence of these genes of interest in E. coli isolates from feces and airways of ventilated patients. Only PAIs I and III were significantly associated with rat pneumonia pathogenicity. Only the antigen-43 (Ag43) gene in PAI III was significantly associated with bacterial pathogenicity. The prevalence of tested genes in fecal and airway isolates of ventilated patients did not differ between isolates. In contrast, genes encoding Ag43, the F17-fimbriae subunits, HmuR and SepA were more prevalent in VAP isolates with statistical significance for hmuR when compared to airway colonizing isolates. The E. coli PAIs involved in lung pathogenicity differed from those involved in urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Overall, extraintestinal E. coli virulence seems to rely on a combination of numerous virulence genes that have a cumulative effect depending on the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Damien Ricard
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Colombes, France.
| | - Arnaud Foucrier
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Gaudry
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Colombes, France
| | - Julie Bex
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Messika
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Colombes, France
| | - Dimitri Margetis
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Chatel
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erick Denamur
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Damien Roux
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Colombes, France.
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6
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Role for FimH in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Invasion and Translocation through the Intestinal Epithelium. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00581-17. [PMID: 28808163 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00581-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelium of immunocompromised patients can lead to bacteremia and life-threatening sepsis. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), so named because this pathotype infects tissues distal to the intestinal tract, is a frequent cause of such infections, is often multidrug resistant, and chronically colonizes a sizable portion of the healthy population. Although several virulence factors and their roles in pathogenesis are well described for ExPEC strains that cause urinary tract infections and meningitis, they have not been linked to translocation through intestinal barriers, a fundamentally distant yet important clinical phenomenon. Using untransformed ex situ human intestinal enteroids and transformed Caco-2 cells, we report that ExPEC strain CP9 binds to and invades the intestinal epithelium. ExPEC harboring a deletion of the gene encoding the mannose-binding type 1 pilus tip protein FimH demonstrated reduced binding and invasion compared to strains lacking known E. coli virulence factors. Furthermore, in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced translocation, ExPEC lacking fimH colonized at levels comparable to that of the wild type but demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in translocation to the kidneys, spleen, and lungs. Collectively, this study indicates that FimH is important for ExPEC translocation, suggesting that the type 1 pilus is a therapeutic target for the prevention of this process. Our study also highlights the use of human intestinal enteroids in the study of enteric diseases.
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7
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Wan T, Yuan G, Ren Y, Zuo Z, Wang Z, Jia Y, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Deng J, Yu S, Hu Y, Shen L, Ma X, Wang Y, Ren Z. Diet-induced obese mice exhibit altered immune responses to acute lung injury induced by Escherichia coli. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2101-10. [PMID: 27558300 PMCID: PMC5095879 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. It also exerts protective effects against mortality secondary to acute lung injury. The effects of obesity on immune responses to acute lung injury induced by Escherichia coli were investigated to determine if the above-mentioned differences in its effects were related to infection severity. METHODS Diet-induced obesity (DIO) and lean control mice received intranasal instillations of 10(9) or 10(10) CFUs of E. coli. The immune responses were examined at 0 h (uninfected), 24 h, and 96 h postinfection. RESULTS Following infection, the DIO mice exhibited higher leukocyte, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and more severe lung injury than the lean mice. Following inoculation with 10(10) CFUs of E. coli, the DIO mice exhibited higher mortality and more severe inflammation-induced injury than the lean mice, but no differences in E. coli counts were noted between the two groups. However, inoculated with 10(9) CFUs of E. coli, the DIO mice exhibited smaller E. coli burdens at 24 h and 96 h after infection, as well as lower concentrations of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α and less severe lung injury at 96 h after infection. CONCLUSIONS The results support the emerging view that obesity may be beneficial in the setting of milder infection but detrimental in the setting of more severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taomei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Guiqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China..
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yiping Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, China
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8
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Murine model of chemotherapy-induced extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli translocation. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3243-56. [PMID: 26034214 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00684-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major cause of life-threatening infections in patients with neutropenia, particularly those receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. In most cases, these infections originate from opportunistic strains living within the patient's gastrointestinal tract which then translocate to major organ systems. There are no animal models that faithfully recapitulate these infections, and, as such, the host or bacterial factors that govern this process remain unidentified. We present here a novel model of chemotherapy-induced bacterial translocation of E. coli. Oral gavage of BALB/c mice with a clinical isolate of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) leads to stable and long-term colonization of the murine intestine. Following the induction of neutropenia with the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide, ExPEC translocates from the intestine to the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys with concomitant morbidity in infected animals. Translocation can also occur in mice bearing mammary tumors, even in the absence of chemotherapy. Translocation of ExPEC is also associated with an increase of the diversity of bacterial DNA detected in the blood. This is the first report of a chemotherapy-based animal model of ExPEC translocation in cancerous mice, a system that can be readily used to identify important virulence factors for this process.
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Rimensberger PC. Surfactant. PEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL MECHANICAL VENTILATION 2015. [PMCID: PMC7175631 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01219-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous pulmonary surfactant, widely used in neonatal care, is one of the best-studied treatments in neonatology, and its introduction in the 1990s led to a significant improvement in neonatal outcomes in preterm infants, including a decrease in mortality. This chapter provides an overview of surfactant composition and function in health and disease and summarizes the evidence for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Rimensberger
- Service of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
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10
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Los FCO, Randis TM, Aroian RV, Ratner AJ. Role of pore-forming toxins in bacterial infectious diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:173-207. [PMID: 23699254 PMCID: PMC3668673 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00052-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the most common bacterial cytotoxic proteins and are required for virulence in a large number of important pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PFTs generally disrupt host cell membranes, but they can have additional effects independent of pore formation. Substantial effort has been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of certain model PFTs. Likewise, specific host pathways mediating survival and immune responses in the face of toxin-mediated cellular damage have been delineated. However, less is known about the overall functions of PFTs during infection in vivo. This review focuses on common themes in the area of PFT biology, with an emphasis on studies addressing the roles of PFTs in in vivo and ex vivo models of colonization or infection. Common functions of PFTs include disruption of epithelial barrier function and evasion of host immune responses, which contribute to bacterial growth and spreading. The widespread nature of PFTs make this group of toxins an attractive target for the development of new virulence-targeted therapies that may have broad activity against human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara M. Randis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raffi V. Aroian
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Pathophysiology of Escherichia coli ventilator-associated pneumonia: implication of highly virulent extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:2007-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Guo LL, Chen YJ, Wang T, An J, Wang CN, Shen YC, Yang T, Zhao L, Zuo QN, Zhang XH, Xu D, Wen FQ. Ox-LDL-induced TGF-β1 production in human alveolar epithelial cells: Involvement of the Ras/ERK/PLTP pathway. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3185-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Raghavendran K, Willson D, Notter RH. Surfactant therapy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Clin 2011; 27:525-59. [PMID: 21742216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This article examines exogenous lung surfactant replacement therapy and its usefulness in mitigating clinical acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Surfactant therapy is beneficial in term infants with pneumonia and meconium aspiration lung injury, and in children up to age 21 years with direct pulmonary forms of ALI/ARDS. However, extension of exogenous surfactant therapy to adults with respiratory failure and clinical ALI/ARDS remains a challenge. This article reviews clinical studies of surfactant therapy in pediatric and adult patients with ALI/ARDS, focusing on its potential advantages in patients with direct pulmonary forms of these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Raghavendran
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 1C340A-UH, SPC 5033, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5033, USA.
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Yee M, Chess PR, McGrath-Morrow SA, Wang Z, Gelein R, Zhou R, Dean DA, Notter RH, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal oxygen adversely affects lung function in adult mice without altering surfactant composition or activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L641-9. [PMID: 19617311 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its potentially adverse effects on lung development and function, supplemental oxygen is often used to treat premature infants in respiratory distress. To understand how neonatal hyperoxia can permanently disrupt lung development, we previously reported increased lung compliance, greater alveolar simplification, and disrupted epithelial development in adult mice exposed to 100% inspired oxygen fraction between postnatal days 1 and 4. Here, we investigate whether oxygen-induced changes in lung function are attributable to defects in surfactant composition and activity, structural changes in alveolar development, or both. Newborn mice were exposed to room air or 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100% oxygen between postnatal days 1 and 4 and allowed to recover in room air until 8 wk of age. Lung compliance and alveolar size increased, and airway resistance, airway elastance, tissue elastance, and tissue damping decreased, in mice exposed to 60-80% oxygen; changes were even greater in mice exposed to 100% oxygen. These alterations in lung function were not associated with changes in total protein content or surfactant phospholipid composition in bronchoalveolar lavage. Moreover, surface activity and total and hydrophobic protein content were unchanged in large surfactant aggregates centrifuged from bronchoalveolar lavage compared with control. Instead, the number of type II cells progressively declined in 60-100% oxygen, whereas levels of T1alpha, a protein expressed by type I cells, were comparably increased in mice exposed to 40-100% oxygen. Thickened bundles of elastin fibers were also detected in alveolar walls of mice exposed to > or = 60% oxygen. These findings support the hypothesis that changes in lung development, rather than surfactant activity, are the primary causes of oxygen-altered lung function in children who were exposed to oxygen as neonates. Furthermore, the disruptive effects of oxygen on epithelial development and lung mechanics are not equivalently dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Surfactant dysfunction in lung contusion with and without superimposed gastric aspiration in a rat model. Shock 2009; 30:508-17. [PMID: 18323743 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181673fc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates surfactant dysfunction in rats with lung contusion (LC) induced by blunt chest trauma. Rats at 24 h postcontusion had a decreased percent content of large surfactant aggregates in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and altered large-aggregate composition with decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC), increased lyso-PC, and increased protein compared with uninjured controls. The surface activity of large aggregates on a pulsating bubble surfactometer was also severely impaired at 24 h postcontusion. Decreases in large surfactant aggregate content and surface activity were improved, but still apparent, at 48 and 72 h postcontusion compared with uninjured control rats and returned to normal by 96 h postcontusion. The functional importance of surfactant abnormalities in LC injury was documented in pilot studies showing that exogenous surfactant replacement at 24 h postcontusion improved inflation/deflation lung volumes. Additional experiments investigated a clinically relevant combination of LC plus gastric aspiration (combined acid and small gastric food particles) and found reductions in large surfactant aggregates in BAL similar to those for LC. However, rats given LC + combined acid and small gastric food particles versus LC had more severe surfactant dysfunction based on decreases in surface activity and alterations in large aggregate composition. Combined data for all animal groups had strong statistical correlations between surfactant dysfunction (increased minimum surface tension, decreased large aggregates in BAL, decreased aggregate PC, and increased aggregate lyso-PC) and the severity of inflammatory lung injury (increased total protein, albumin, protein/phospholipid ratio, neutrophils, and erythrocytes in BAL plus increased whole lung myeloperoxidase activity). These results show that surfactant dysfunction is important in the pathophysiology of LC with or without concurrent gastric aspiration and provides a rationale for surfactant replacement therapy in these prevalent clinical conditions.
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Abstract
This article reviews exogenous surfactant therapy and its use in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infants, children, and adults. Biophysical and animal research documenting surfactant dysfunction in ALI/ARDS is described, and the scientific rationale for treatment with exogenous surfactant is discussed. Major emphasis is placed on reviewing clinical studies of surfactant therapy in pediatric and adult patients who have ALI/ARDS. Particular advantages from surfactant therapy in direct pulmonary forms of these syndromes are described. Also discussed are additional factors affecting the efficacy of exogenous surfactants in ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Willson
- Pediatric ICU and Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Virginia Children's Medical Center, UVA Health Sciences System, Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0386, USA.
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da Silva VS, Shida CS, Rodrigues FB, Ribeiro DCD, de Souza AA, Coletta-Filho HD, Machado MA, Nunes LR, de Oliveira RC. Comparative genomic characterization of citrus-associated Xylella fastidiosa strains. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:474. [PMID: 18154652 PMCID: PMC2262912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The xylem-inhabiting bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in vineyards and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in orange trees. Both of these economically-devastating diseases are caused by distinct strains of this complex group of microorganisms, which has motivated researchers to conduct extensive genomic sequencing projects with Xf strains. This sequence information, along with other molecular tools, have been used to estimate the evolutionary history of the group and provide clues to understand the capacity of Xf to infect different hosts, causing a variety of symptoms. Nonetheless, although significant amounts of information have been generated from Xf strains, a large proportion of these efforts has concentrated on the study of North American strains, limiting our understanding about the genomic composition of South American strains – which is particularly important for CVC-associated strains. Results This paper describes the first genome-wide comparison among South American Xf strains, involving 6 distinct citrus-associated bacteria. Comparative analyses performed through a microarray-based approach allowed identification and characterization of large mobile genetic elements that seem to be exclusive to South American strains. Moreover, a large-scale sequencing effort, based on Suppressive Subtraction Hybridization (SSH), identified 290 new ORFs, distributed in 135 Groups of Orthologous Elements, throughout the genomes of these bacteria. Conclusion Results from microarray-based comparisons provide further evidence concerning activity of horizontally transferred elements, reinforcing their importance as major mediators in the evolution of Xf. Moreover, the microarray-based genomic profiles showed similarity between Xf strains 9a5c and Fb7, which is unexpected, given the geographical and chronological differences associated with the isolation of these microorganisms. The newly identified ORFs, obtained by SSH, represent an approximately 10% increase in our current knowledge of the South American Xf gene pool and include new putative virulence factors, as well as novel potential markers for strain identification. Surprisingly, this list of novel elements include sequences previously believed to be unique to North American strains, pointing to the necessity of revising the list of specific markers that may be used for identification of distinct Xf strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S da Silva
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia - Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr, Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP 08780-911, Brazil.
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