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Yan S, Sheak JR, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Contribution of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species to Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2060. [PMID: 38136180 PMCID: PMC10741244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) resulting from chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sleep apnea, and restrictive lung diseases, as well as in residents at high altitude. Previous studies from our group and others demonstrate a detrimental role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of CH-induced PH, although the subcellular sources of ROS are not fully understood. We hypothesized that mitochondria-derived ROS (mtROS) contribute to enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity and PH following CH. To test the hypothesis, we exposed rats to 4 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia (PB ≈ 380 mmHg), with control rats housed in ambient air (PB ≈ 630 mmHg). Chronic oral administration of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated CH-induced decreases in pulmonary artery (PA) acceleration time, increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. In addition, endothelium-intact PAs from CH rats exhibited a significantly greater basal tone compared to those from control animals, as was eliminated via MitoQ. CH also augmented the basal tone in endothelium-disrupted PAs, a response associated with increased mtROS production in primary PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from CH rats. However, we further uncovered an effect of NO synthase inhibition with Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) to unmask a potent endothelial vasoconstrictor influence that accentuates mtROS-dependent vasoconstriction following CH. This basal tone augmentation in the presence of L-NNA disappeared following combined endothelin A and B receptor blockade with BQ123 and BQ788. The effects of using CH to augment vasoconstriction and PASMC mtROS production in exogenous endothelin 1 (ET-1) were similarly prevented by MitoQ. We conclude that mtROS participate in the development of CH-induced PH. Furthermore, mtROS signaling in PASMCs is centrally involved in enhanced pulmonary arterial constriction following CH, a response potentiated by endogenous ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (J.R.S.); (B.R.W.); (N.L.J.)
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2
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Morris HE, Neves KB, Nilsen M, Montezano AC, MacLean MR, Touyz RM. Notch3/Hes5 Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through ER Stress and Redox-Sensitive Pathways. Hypertension 2023; 80:1683-1696. [PMID: 37254738 PMCID: PMC10355806 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch3 (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3) is implicated in vascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH)/pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized increased Notch3 activation induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downstream redox signaling, associated with procontractile pulmonary artery state, pulmonary vascular dysfunction, and PH development. METHODS Studies were performed in TgNotch3R169C mice (harboring gain-of-function [GOF] Notch3 mutation) exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce PH, and examined by hemodynamics. Molecular and cellular studies were performed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and in mouse lung. Notch3-regulated genes/proteins, ER stress, ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) expression/activity, Ca2+ transients and generation of reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide were measured. Pulmonary vascular reactivity was assessed in the presence of fasudil (ROCK inhibitor) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (ER stress inhibitor). RESULTS Hypoxia induced a more severe PH phenotype in TgNotch3R169C mice versus controls. TgNotch3R169C mice exhibited enhanced Notch3 activation and expression of Notch3 targets Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 5 (Hes5), with increased vascular contraction and impaired vasorelaxation that improved with fasudil/4-phenylbutyric acid. Notch3 mutation was associated with increased pulmonary vessel Ca2+ transients, ROCK activation, ER stress, and increased reactive oxygen species generation, with reduced NO generation and blunted sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase)/cGMP signaling. These effects were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine. pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension recapitulated Notch3/Hes5 signaling, ER stress and redox changes observed in PH mice. CONCLUSIONS Notch3 GOF amplifies vascular dysfunction in hypoxic PH. This involves oxidative and ER stress, and ROCK. We highlight a novel role for Notch3/Hes5-redox signaling and important interplay between ER and oxidative stress in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Morris
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Margaret Nilsen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (M.N., M.R.M.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (M.N., M.R.M.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Canada (R.M.T.)
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Wang YX, Reyes-García J, Di Mise A, Zheng YM. Role of ryanodine receptor 2 and FK506-binding protein 12.6 dissociation in pulmonary hypertension. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:213798. [PMID: 36625865 PMCID: PMC9836826 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricular failure and death. A major cellular response in this disease is the contraction of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the pulmonary vasculature. Cell contraction is determined by the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which is generated and regulated by various ion channels. Several studies by us and others have shown that ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), a Ca2+-releasing channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is an essential ion channel for the control of [Ca2+]i in pulmonary artery SMCs (PASMCs), thereby mediating the sustained vasoconstriction seen in PH. FK506-binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) strongly associates with RyR2 to stabilize its functional activity. FKBP12.6 can be dissociated from RyR2 by a hypoxic stimulus to increase channel function and Ca2+ release, leading to pulmonary vasoconstriction and PH. More specifically, dissociation of the RyR2-FKBP12.6 complex is a consequence of increased mitochondrial ROS generation mediated by the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) at the mitochondrial complex III after hypoxia. Overall, RyR2/FKBP12.6 dissociation and the corresponding signaling pathway may be an important factor in the development of PH. Novel drugs and biologics targeting RyR2, FKBP12.6, and related molecules may become unique effective therapeutics for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA,Correspondence to Yong-Xiao Wang:
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA,Yun-Min Zheng:
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Sobrano Fais R, Menezes da Costa R, Carvalho Mendes A, Mestriner F, Comerma‐Steffensen SG, Tostes RC, Simonsen U, Silva Carneiro F. NLRP3 activation contributes to endothelin-1-induced erectile dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:1-14. [PMID: 36515571 PMCID: PMC9806301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that endothelin (ET) receptors (ETA and ETB ) stimulation, through increased calcium and ROS formation, leads to Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP/MAP) was measured in C57BL/6 (WT) mice. Functional and immunoblotting assays were performed in corpora cavernosa (CC) strips from WT, NLRP3-/- and caspase-/- mice in the presence of ET-1 (100 nM) and vehicle, MCC950, tiron, BAPTA AM, BQ123, or BQ788. ET-1 reduced the ICP/MAP in WT mice, and MCC950 prevented the ET-1 effect. ET-1 decreased CC ACh-, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation, and increased caspase-1 expression. BQ123 an ETA receptor antagonist reversed the effect. The ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 also reversed ET-1 inhibition of ACh and SNP relaxation. Additionally, tiron, BAPTA AM, and NLRP3 genetic deletion prevented the ET-1-induced loss of ACh and SNP relaxation. Moreover, BQ123 diminished CC caspase-1 expression, while BQ788 increased caspase-1 and IL-1β levels in a concentration-dependent manner (100 nM-10 μM). Furthermore, tiron and BAPTA AM prevented ET-1-induced increase in caspase-1. In addition, BAPTA AM blocked ET-1-induced ROS generation. In conclusion, ET-1-induced erectile dysfunction depends on ETA - and ETB -mediated activation of NLRP3 in mouse CC via Ca2+ -dependent ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sobrano Fais
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | | | - Allan Carvalho Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Fabíola Mestriner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | | | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular PharmacologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Fernando Silva Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
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Garcia SM, Yellowhair TR, Detweiler ND, Ahmadian R, Herbert LM, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Smooth muscle Acid-sensing ion channel 1a as a therapeutic target to reverse hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:989809. [PMID: 36275633 PMCID: PMC9581175 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.989809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a voltage-independent, non-selective cation channel that conducts both Na+ and Ca2+. Activation of ASIC1a elicits plasma membrane depolarization and stimulates intracellular Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle (SM) and endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies have shown that increases in pulmonary vascular resistance accompanying chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension requires ASIC1a to elicit enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Both SM and EC dysfunction drive these processes; however, the involvement of ASIC1a within these different cell types is unknown. Using the Cre-LoxP system to generate cell-type-specific Asic1a knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SM-Asic1a contributes to CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling, whereas EC-Asic1a opposes the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. The severity of pulmonary hypertension was not altered in mice with specific deletion of EC-Asic1a (TekCre-Asic1afl/fl). However, similar to global Asic1a knockout (Asic1a−/-) mice, mice with specific deletion of SM-Asic1a (MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl) were protected from the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy. Furthermore, pulmonary hypertension was reversed when deletion of SM-Asic1a was initiated in conditional MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl mice with established pulmonary hypertension. CH-induced vascular remodeling was also significantly attenuated in pulmonary arteries from MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl mice. These findings were additionally supported by decreased CH-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from Asic1a−/- mice. Together these data demonstrate that SM-, but not EC-Asic1a contributes to CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, these studies provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of ASIC1a inhibition to reverse pulmonary hypertension.
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Wang X, Jiang S, Fei L, Dong F, Xie L, Qiu X, Lei Y, Guo J, Zhong M, Ren X, Yang Y, Zhao L, Zhang G, Wang H, Tang C, Yu L, Liu R, Patzak A, Persson PB, Hultström M, Wei Q, Lai EY, Zheng Z. Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:2228-2238. [PMID: 35938417 PMCID: PMC9993086 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. RESULTS Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0±0.9 versus 3.2±0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187±20 versus 281±8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107±5.9 versus 163±6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100±7.5 versus 160±23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSIONS The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lanyu Xie
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, China (L.X.)
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (L.Z., G.Z.)
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.)
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Y.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (R.L.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Michael Hultström
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.).,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.H.)
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.R., Q.W.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.D., X.Q., J.G., H.W., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (A.P., P.B.P., E.Y.L.)
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.W., S.J., L.F., Y.L., M.Z., C.T., E.Y.L., Z.Z.)
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Ju S, Lim L, Ki YJ, Choi DH, Song H. Oxidative stress generated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient particulate matter enhance vascular smooth muscle cell migration through MMP upregulation and actin reorganization. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35449013 PMCID: PMC9026692 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) are strongly associated with the incidence of atherosclerosis, however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis by PM exposure and the components that are mainly responsible for this adverse effect remain to be established. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of ambient PM on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behavior. Furthermore, the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), major components of PM, on VSMC migration and the underlying mechanisms were examined. Results VSMC migration was significantly increased by treatment with organic matters extracted from ambient PM. The total amount of PAHs contained in WPM was higher than that in SPM, leading to higher ROS generation and VSMC migration. The increased migration was successfully inhibited by treatment with the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 were significantly increased in ambient PM-treated VSMCs, with MMP9 levels being significantly higher in WPM-treated VSMCs than in those treated with SPM. As expected, migration was significantly increased in all tested PAHs (anthracene, ANT; benz(a)anthracene, BaA) and their oxygenated derivatives (9,10-Anthraquinone, AQ; 7,12-benz(a)anthraquinone, BAQ, respectively). The phosphorylated levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and formation of the focal adhesion complex were significantly increased in ambient PM or PAH-treated VSMCs, and these effects were blocked by administration of NAC or α-NF, an inhibitor of AhR, the receptor that allows PAH uptake. Subsequently, the levels of phosphorylated Src and NRF, the downstream targets of FAK, were altered with a pattern similar to that of p-FAK. Conclusions PAHs, including oxy-PAHs, in ambient PM may have dual effects that lead to an increase in VSMC migration. One is the generation of oxidative stress followed by MMP upregulation, and the other is actin reorganization that results from the activation of the focal adhesion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Leejin Lim
- Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
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Maladaptive Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Chronic Sustained and Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010054. [PMID: 35052557 PMCID: PMC8773044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH), as found in individuals living at a high altitude or in patients suffering respiratory disorders, initiates physiological adaptations such as carotid body stimulation to maintain oxygen levels, but has deleterious effects such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a respiratory disorder of increasing prevalence, is characterized by a situation of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is associated with the development of systemic hypertension and cardiovascular pathologies, due to carotid body and sympathetic overactivation. There is growing evidence that CIH can also compromise the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypertension in OSA patients and animal models. The aim of this work was to compare hemodynamics, vascular contractility, and L-arginine-NO metabolism in two models of PH in rats, associated with CSH and CIH exposure. We demonstrate that whereas CSH and CIH cause several common effects such as an increased hematocrit, weight loss, and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), compared to CIH, CSH seems to have more of an effect on the pulmonary circulation, whereas the effects of CIH are apparently more targeted on the systemic circulation. The results suggest that the endothelial dysfunction evident in pulmonary arteries with both hypoxia protocols are not due to an increase in methylated arginines in these arteries, although an increase in plasma SDMA could contribute to the apparent loss of basal NO-dependent vasodilation and, therefore, the increase in PAP that results from CIH.
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Shimoda LA, Suresh K, Undem C, Jiang H, Yun X, Sylvester JT, Swenson ER. Acetazolamide prevents hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species generation and calcium release in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211049948. [PMID: 34646499 PMCID: PMC8504243 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211049948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon sensing a reduction in local oxygen partial pressure, pulmonary vessels constrict, a phenomenon known as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction can occur with ascent to high altitude and is a contributing factor to the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction through stimulation of alveolar ventilation via modulation of acid-base homeostasis and by direct effects on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), acetazolamide prevents hypoxia-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), although the exact mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of acetazolamide on various calcium-handling pathways in PASMCs. Using fluorescent microscopy, we tested whether acetazolamide directly inhibited store-operated calcium entry or calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, two well-documented sources of hypoxia-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in PASMCs. Acetazolamide had no effect on calcium entry stimulated by store-depletion, nor on calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by either phenylephrine to activate inositol triphosphate receptors or caffeine to activate ryanodine receptors. In contrast, acetazolamide completely prevented Ca2+-release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by hypoxia (4% O2). Since these results suggest the acetazolamide interferes with a mechanism upstream of the inositol triphosphate and ryanodine receptors, we also determined whether acetazolamide might prevent hypoxia-induced changes in reactive oxygen species production. Using roGFP, a ratiometric reactive oxygen species-sensitive fluorescent probe, we found that hypoxia caused a significant increase in reactive oxygen species in PASMCs that was prevented by 100 μM acetazolamide. Together, these results suggest that acetazolamide prevents hypoxia-induced changes in [Ca2+]i by attenuating reactive oxygen species production and subsequent activation of Ca2+-release from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clark Undem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J T Sylvester
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Shimoda LA. Cellular Pathways Promoting Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Hypoxia. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:222-233. [PMID: 32490752 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and, potentially, right heart failure. Vascular remodeling is an important contributor to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix lead to increased wall thickness, extension of muscle into normally non-muscular arterioles, and vascular stiffening. This review highlights intrinsic and extrinsic modulators contributing to the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. Review - Nutraceuticals Can Target Asthmatic Bronchoconstriction: NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress, RhoA and Calcium Dynamics. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:685-701. [PMID: 34163181 PMCID: PMC8214517 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s307549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of various isoforms of NADPH oxidase contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma at multiple levels: promoting hypercontractility, hypertrophy, and proliferation of airway smooth muscle; enabling lung influx of eosinophils via VCAM-1; and mediating allergen-induced mast cell activation. Free bilirubin, which functions physiologically within cells as a feedback inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complexes, has been shown to have a favorable impact on each of these phases of asthma pathogenesis. The spirulina chromophore phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), a homolog of bilirubin’s precursor biliverdin, can mimic the inhibitory impact of biliverdin/bilirubin on NADPH oxidase activity, and spirulina’s versatile and profound anti-inflammatory activity in rodent studies suggests that PhyCB may have potential as a clinical inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Hence, spirulina or PhyCB-enriched spirulina extracts merit clinical evaluation in asthma. Promoting biosynthesis of glutathione and increasing the expression and activity of various antioxidant enzymes – as by supplementing with N-acetylcysteine, Phase 2 inducers (eg, lipoic acid), selenium, and zinc – may also blunt the contribution of oxidative stress to asthma pathogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) work in various ways to oppose pathogenic mechanisms in asthma; supplemental citrulline and high-dose folate may aid NO synthesis, high-dose biotin may mimic and possibly potentiate NO’s activating impact on soluble guanylate cyclase, and NAC and taurine may boost H2S synthesis. The amino acid glycine has a hyperpolarizing effect on airway smooth muscle that is bronchodilatory. Insuring optimal intracellular levels of magnesium may modestly blunt the stimulatory impact of intracellular free calcium on bronchoconstriction. Nutraceutical regimens or functional foods incorporating at least several of these agents may have utility as nutraceutical adjuvants to standard clinical management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Israel
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12
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Norton CE, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Membrane depolarization is required for pressure-dependent pulmonary arterial tone but not enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 following chronic hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020973559. [PMID: 33343882 PMCID: PMC7731711 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020973559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced vasoconstriction is increasingly identified as an important contributor to the development of pulmonary hypertension. Chronic hypoxia results in enhanced Rho kinase mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributing to pressure-dependent pulmonary arterial tone as well as augmented vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 and depolarizing stimuli. We sought to investigate the interaction between these vasoconstrictor stimuli in isolated, pressurized, pulmonary arteries. We used the K+ ionophore, valinomycin, to clamp membrane potential (Vm) to investigate the role of membrane depolarization in endothelin-1 and pressure-dependent constriction, and endothelin-1 receptor inhibitors to determine whether membrane depolarization or stretch signal through endothelin-1 receptors. Clamping Vm prevented pressure-dependent tone, but not enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 following chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, endothelin-1 receptor inhibition had no effect on either pressure-dependent tone or vasoconstriction to KCl. As Src kinases contribute to both pressure-dependent tone and enhanced endothelin-1 vasoconstriction following chronic hypoxia, we further investigated their role in depolarization-induced vasoconstriction. Inhibition of Src kinases attenuated enhanced vasoconstriction to KCl. We conclude that membrane depolarization contributes to pressure-dependent tone but not enhanced vasoconstriction to ET-1, and that Src kinases serve as upstream mediators facilitating enhanced Rho kinase-dependent vasoconstriction following chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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13
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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14
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Sheak JR, Jones DT, Lantz BJ, Maston LD, Vigil D, Resta TC, Resta MM, Howard TA, Kanagy NL, Guo Y, Jankowska-Gan E, Sullivan JA, Braun RK, Burlingham WJ, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFATc3 regulation of collagen V expression contributes to cellular immunity to collagen type V and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L968-L980. [PMID: 32997513 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) results, in part, from T helper-17 (TH17) cell-mediated perivascular inflammation. However, the antigen(s) involved is unknown. Cellular immunity to collagen type V (col V) develops after ischemia-reperfusion injury during lung transplant and is mediated by naturally occurring (n)TH17 cells. Col5a1 gene codifies for the α1-helix of col V, which is normally hidden from the immune system within type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. COL5A1 promoter analysis revealed nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) binding sites. Therefore, we hypothesized that smooth muscle NFATc3 upregulates col V expression, leading to nTH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity to col V in response to CH, representing an upstream mechanism in PH development. To test our hypothesis, we measured indexes of PH in inducible smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific NFATc3 knockout (KO) mice exposed to either CH (380 mmHg) or normoxia and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. KO mice did not develop PH. In addition, COL5A1 was one of the 1,792 genes differentially affected by both CH and SMC NFATc3 in isolated intrapulmonary arteries, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Cellular immunity to col V was determined using a trans vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay (Tv-DTH). Tv-DTH response was evident only when splenocytes were used from control mice exposed to CH but not from KO mice, and mediated by nTH17 cells. Our results suggest that SMC NFATc3 is important for CH-induced PH in adult mice, in part, by regulating the expression of the lung self-antigen COL5A1 protein contributing to col V-reactive nTH17-mediated inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin J Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Levi D Maston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Danielle Vigil
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Micaela M Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Gan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy A Sullivan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William J Burlingham
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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15
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Snow JB, Norton CE, Sands MA, Weise-Cross L, Yan S, Herbert LM, Sheak JR, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Walker BR, Kanagy NL, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Intermittent Hypoxia Augments Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity through PKCβ/Mitochondrial Oxidant Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:732-746. [PMID: 32048876 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0351oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting from intermittent hypoxia (IH) contributes to pulmonary hypertension (pHTN) in patients with sleep apnea (SA), although the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Based on prior studies in patients with SA and animal models of SA, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of PKCβ and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) in mediating enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity after IH. We hypothesized that PKCβ mediates vasoconstriction through interaction with the scaffolding protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase 1), activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP), and stimulated production of mitoROS. We further hypothesized that this signaling axis mediates enhanced vasoconstriction and pHTN after IH. Rats were exposed to IH or sham conditions (7 h/d, 4 wk). Chronic oral administration of the antioxidant Tempol or the PKCβ inhibitor LY-333531 abolished IH-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Furthermore, scavengers of O2- or mitoROS prevented enhanced PKCβ-dependent vasoconstrictor reactivity to endothelin-1 in pulmonary arteries from IH rats. In addition, this PKCβ/mitoROS signaling pathway could be stimulated by the PKC activator PMA in pulmonary arteries from control rats, and in both rat and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. These responses to PMA were attenuated by inhibition of mitoKATP or PICK1. Subcellular fractionation and proximity ligation assays further demonstrated that PKCβ acutely translocates to mitochondria upon stimulation and associates with PICK1. We conclude that a PKCβ/mitoROS signaling axis contributes to enhanced vasoconstriction and pHTN after IH. Furthermore, PKCβ mediates pulmonary vasoconstriction through interaction with PICK1, activation of mitoKATP, and subsequent mitoROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Snow
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michelle A Sands
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lindsay M Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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16
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Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Ahmadian R, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. PKCβ and reactive oxygen species mediate enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity following chronic hypoxia in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H470-H483. [PMID: 31922892 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00629.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive vasoconstriction are important contributors to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. On the basis of evidence that PKCβ and mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that PKCβ and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) signaling contribute to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction in neonatal rats exposed to CH. To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of the PKCβ inhibitor LY-333,531, the ROS scavenger 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (TEMPOL), and the mitochondrial antioxidants mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) and (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) on vasoconstrictor responses in saline-perfused lungs (in situ) or pressurized pulmonary arteries from 2-wk-old control and CH (12-day exposure, 0.5 atm) rats. Lungs from CH rats exhibited greater basal tone and vasoconstrictor sensitivity to 9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α (U-46619). LY-333,531 and TEMPOL attenuated these effects of CH, while having no effect in lungs from control animals. Basal tone was similarly elevated in isolated pulmonary arteries from neonatal CH rats compared with control rats, which was inhibited by both LY-333,531 and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Additional experiments assessing mitoROS generation with the mitochondria-targeted ROS indicator MitoSOX revealed that a PKCβ-mitochondrial oxidant signaling pathway can be pharmacologically stimulated by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from control neonates. Finally, we found that neonatal CH increased mitochondrially localized PKCβ in pulmonary arteries as assessed by Western blotting of subcellular fractions. We conclude that PKCβ activation leads to mitoROS production in PASMCs from neonatal rats. Furthermore, this signaling axis may account for enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity following CH exposure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates a novel contribution of PKCβ and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling to increased pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity in chronically hypoxic neonates. The results provide a potential mechanism by which chronic hypoxia increases both basal and agonist-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle tone, which may contribute to neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rosstin Ahmadian
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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17
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Norton CE, Weise-Cross L, Ahmadian R, Yan S, Jernigan NL, Paffett ML, Naik JS, Walker BR, Resta TC. Altered Lipid Domains Facilitate Enhanced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction after Chronic Hypoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:709-718. [PMID: 31945301 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0318oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) augments depolarization-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through superoxide-dependent, Rho kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling contributes to this response. Caveolin-1 regulates the activity of a variety of proteins, including EGFR and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and membrane cholesterol is an important regulator of caveolin-1 protein interactions. We hypothesized that derangement of these membrane lipid domain components augments depolarization-induced Ca2+ sensitization and resultant vasoconstriction after CH. Although exposure of rats to CH (4 wk, ∼380 mm Hg) did not alter caveolin-1 expression in intrapulmonary arteries or the incidence of caveolae in arterial smooth muscle, CH markedly reduced smooth muscle membrane cholesterol content as assessed by filipin fluorescence. Effects of CH on vasoreactivity and superoxide generation were examined using pressurized, Ca2+-permeabilized, endothelium-disrupted pulmonary arteries (∼150 μm inner diameter) from CH and control rats. Depolarizing concentrations of KCl evoked greater constriction in arteries from CH rats than in those obtained from control rats, and increased superoxide production as assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence only in arteries from CH rats. Both cholesterol supplementation and the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide antennapedia-Cav prevented these effects of CH, with each treatment restoring membrane cholesterol in CH arteries to control levels. Enhanced EGF-dependent vasoconstriction after CH similarly required reduced membrane cholesterol. However, these responses to CH were not associated with changes in EGFR expression or activity, suggesting that cholesterol regulates this signaling pathway downstream of EGFR. We conclude that alterations in membrane lipid domain signaling resulting from reduced cholesterol content facilitate enhanced depolarization- and EGF-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction after CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rosstin Ahmadian
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael L Paffett
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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18
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Norton CE, Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Augmented Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity after Chronic Hypoxia Requires Src Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:61-73. [PMID: 31264901 PMCID: PMC6938133 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0106oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia augments pressure- and agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through myofilament calcium sensitization. NADPH oxidases contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension, and both epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinases can regulate NADPH oxidase. We tested the hypothesis that Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity after chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Protocols employed pharmacological inhibitors in isolated, pressurized rat pulmonary arteries to examine the contribution of a variety of signaling moieties to enhanced vascular tone after chronic hypoxia. Superoxide generation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells was assessed using the fluorescent indicator dihydroethidium. Indices of pulmonary hypertension were measured in rats treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and EGFR abolished pressure-induced pulmonary arterial tone and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-dependent calcium sensitization and vasoconstriction after chronic hypoxia. Consistently, chronic hypoxia augmented ET-1-induced superoxide production through EGFR signaling, and rats treated chronically with gefitinib displayed reduced right ventricular pressure and diminished arterial remodeling. Src kinases were also activated by ET-1 after chronic hypoxia and contributed to enhanced basal arterial tone and vasoconstriction in response to ET-1. A role for matrix metalloproteinase 2 to mediate Src-dependent EGFR activation is further supported by our findings. Our studies support a novel role for an Src kinase-EGFR-NADPH oxidase signaling axis to mediate enhanced pulmonary vascular smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization, vasoconstriction, and pulmonary hypertension after chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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19
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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20
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Mohamed R, Janke R, Guo W, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Zheng W, Babaahmadi-Rezaei H, Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ. GPCR transactivation signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2019; 1:R1-R11. [PMID: 32923966 PMCID: PMC7439842 DOI: 10.1530/vb-18-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and extension of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transactivation-dependent signalling has enormously broadened the GPCR signalling paradigm. GPCRs can transactivate protein tyrosine kinase receptors (PTKRs) and serine/threonine kinase receptors (S/TKRs), notably the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1), respectively. Initial comprehensive mechanistic studies suggest that these two transactivation pathways are distinct. Currently, there is a focus on GPCR inhibitors as drug targets, and they have proven to be efficacious in vascular diseases. With the broadening of GPCR transactivation signalling, it is therefore important from a therapeutic perspective to find a common transactivation pathway of EGFR and TGFBR1 that can be targeted to inhibit complex pathologies activated by the combined action of these receptors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules and they act as second messengers, thus modulating cellular signal transduction pathways. ROS are involved in different mechanisms of GPCR transactivation of EGFR. However, the role of ROS in GPCR transactivation of TGFBR1 has not yet been studied. In this review, we will discuss the involvement of ROS in GPCR transactivation-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Reearna Janke
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wanru Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Detweiler ND, Herbert LM, Garcia SM, Yan S, Vigil KG, Sheak JR, Resta TC, Walker BR, Jernigan NL. Loss of acid-sensing ion channel 2 enhances pulmonary vascular resistance and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:393-407. [PMID: 31169471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-insensitive cation channels that contribute to cellular excitability. We previously reported that ASIC1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) contribute to pulmonary vasoreactivity and vascular remodeling during the development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. However, the roles of ASIC2 and ASIC3 in regulation of pulmonary vasoreactivity and the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ASIC2 and ASIC3 contribute to increased pulmonary vasoreactivity and development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension using ASIC2- and ASIC3-knockout (-/-) mice. In contrast to this hypothesis, we found that ASIC2-/- mice exhibit enhanced CH-induced pulmonary hypertension compared with WT and ASIC3-/- mice. This response was not associated with a change in ventilatory sensitivity or systemic cardiovascular function but was instead associated with direct changes in pulmonary vascular reactivity and pulmonary arterial morphology in ASIC2-/- mice. This increase in reactivity correlated with enhanced pulmonary arterial basal tone, elevated basal PASMC [Ca2+] and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in PASMC from ASIC2-/- mice. This increase in PASMC [Ca2+] and vasoreactivity was dependent on ASIC1-mediated Ca2+ influx but was not contingent upon an increase in ASIC1 mRNA or protein expression in PASMC from ASIC2-/- mice. Together, the results from this study demonstrate an important role for ASIC2 to regulate pulmonary vascular reactivity and for ASIC2 to modulate the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. These data further suggest that loss of ASIC2 enhances the contribution of ASIC1 to overall pulmonary vascular reactivity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that loss of ASIC2 leads to increased baseline pulmonary vascular resistance, enhanced responses to a variety of vasoconstrictor stimuli, and greater development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, these results suggest that loss of ASIC2 enhances the contribution of ASIC1 to pulmonary vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Detweiler
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lindsay M Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Selina M Garcia
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kenneth G Vigil
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Aaronson PI. Actin polymerization contributes to ROS- and Rho-dependent Ca 2+ sensitization in pulmonary arteries from chronic hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H314-H317. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00135.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip I. Aaronson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Wilson JL, Warburton R, Taylor L, Toksoz D, Hill N, Polgar P. Unraveling endothelin-1 induced hypercontractility of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195780. [PMID: 29649319 PMCID: PMC5897024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) isolated from pulmonary arterial hypertensive (PAH) and normal (non-PAH) subject lungs was determined and measured with real-time electrical impedance. Treatment of HPASMC with vasoactive peptides, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and bradykinin (BK) but not angiotensin II, induced a temporal decrease in the electrical impedance profile mirroring constrictive morphological change of the cells which typically was more robust in PAH as opposed to non-PAH cells. Inhibition with LIMKi3 and a cofilin targeted motif mimicking cell permeable peptide (MMCPP) had no effect on ET-1 induced HPASMC contraction indicating a negligible role for these actin regulatory proteins. On the other hand, a MMCPP blocking the activity of caldesmon reduced ET-1 promoted contraction pointing to a regulatory role of this protein and its activation pathway in HPASMC contraction. Inhibition of this MEK/ERK/p90RSK pathway, which is an upstream regulator of caldesmon phosphorylation, reduced ET-1 induced cell contraction. While the regulation of ET-1 induced cell contraction was found to be similar in PAH and non-PAH cells, a key difference was the response to pharmacological inhibitors and to siRNA knockdown of Rho kinases (ROCK1/ROCK2). The PAH cells required much higher concentrations of inhibitors to abrogate ET-1 induced contractions and their contraction was not affected by siRNA against either ROCK1 or ROCK2. Lastly, blocking of L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels had no effect on ET-1 or BK induced contraction. However, inhibiting the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase blunted ET-1 and BK induced HPASMC contraction in both PAH and non-PAH derived HPASMC. In summary, our findings here together with previous communications illustrate similarities and differences in the regulation PAH and non-PAH smooth muscle cell contraction relating to calcium translocation, RhoA/ROCK signaling and the activity of caldesmon. These findings may provide useful tools in achieving the regulation of the vascular hypercontractility taking place in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Wilson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rod Warburton
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linda Taylor
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deniz Toksoz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Hill
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Polgar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Yadav VR, Song T, Mei L, Joseph L, Zheng YM, Wang YX. PLCγ1-PKCε-IP 3R1 signaling plays an important role in hypoxia-induced calcium response in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L724-L735. [PMID: 29388468 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00243.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is attributed to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We have reported that phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) plays a significant role in the hypoxia-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in PASMCs and attendant HPV. In this study, we intended to determine molecular mechanisms for hypoxic Ca2+ and contractile responses in PASMCs. Our data reveal that hypoxic vasoconstriction occurs in pulmonary arteries, but not in mesenteric arteries. Hypoxia caused a large increase in [Ca2+]i in PASMCs, which is diminished by the PLC inhibitor U73122 and not by its inactive analog U73433 . Hypoxia augments PLCγ1-dependent inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation. Exogenous ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increases PLCγ1 phosphorylation at tyrosine-783 and IP3 production. IP3 receptor-1 (IP3R1) knock-down remarkably diminishes hypoxia- or H2O2-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Hypoxia or H2O2 increases the activity of IP3Rs, which is significantly reduced in protein kinase C-ε (PKCε) knockout PASMCs. A higher PLCγ1 expression, activity, and basal [Ca2+]i are found in PASMCs, but not in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells from mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (CH) for 21 days. CH enhances H2O2- and ATP-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in PASMCs and PLC-dependent, norepinephrine-evoked pulmonary vasoconstriction. In conclusion, acute hypoxia uniquely causes ROS-dependent PLCγ1 activation, IP3 production, PKCε activation, IP3R1 opening, Ca2+ release, and contraction in mouse PASMCs; CH enhances PASM PLCγ1 expression, activity, and function, playing an essential role in pulmonary hypertension in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal R Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
| | - Tengyao Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
| | - Leroy Joseph
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College , Albany, New York
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27
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Weise-Cross L, Sands MA, Sheak JR, Broughton BRS, Snow JB, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Actin polymerization contributes to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity after chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1011-H1021. [PMID: 29373038 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00664.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) augments basal and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK)-dependent myofilament Ca2+ sensitization. Because ROCK promotes actin polymerization and the actin cytoskeleton regulates smooth muscle tension, we hypothesized that actin polymerization is required for enhanced basal and ET-1-dependent vasoconstriction after CH. To test this hypothesis, both end points were monitored in pressurized, endothelium-disrupted pulmonary arteries (fourth-fifth order) from control and CH (4 wk at 0.5 atm) rats. The actin polymerization inhibitors cytochalasin and latrunculin attenuated both basal and ET-1-induced vasoconstriction only in CH vessels. To test whether CH directly alters the arterial actin profile, we measured filamentous actin (F-actin)-to-globular actin (G-actin) ratios by fluorescent labeling of F-actin and G-actin in fixed pulmonary arteries and actin sedimentation assays using homogenized pulmonary artery lysates. We observed no difference in actin polymerization between groups under baseline conditions, but ET-1 enhanced actin polymerization in pulmonary arteries from CH rats. This response was blunted by the ROS scavenger tiron, the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, and the mDia (RhoA effector) inhibitor small-molecule inhibitor of formin homology domain 2. Immunoblot analysis revealed an effect of CH to increase both phosphorylated (inactive) and total levels of the actin disassembly factor cofilin but not phosphorylated cofilin-to-total cofilin ratios. We conclude that actin polymerization contributes to increased basal pulmonary arterial constriction and ET-1-induced vasoconstrictor reactivity after CH in a ROS- and ROCK-dependent manner. Our results further suggest that enhanced ET-1-mediated actin polymerization after CH is dependent on mDia but independent of changes in the phosphorylated cofilin-to-total cofilin ratio. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research is the first to demonstrate a role for actin polymerization in chronic hypoxia-induced basal pulmonary arterial constriction and enhanced agonist-induced vasoconstrictor activity. These results suggest that a reactive oxygen species-Rho kinase-actin polymerization signaling pathway mediates this response and may provide a mechanistic basis for the vasoconstrictor component of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michelle A Sands
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Brad R S Broughton
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jessica B Snow
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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28
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Grochowski C, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Maciejewski R. Oxidative stress in cerebral small vessel disease. Role of reactive species. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:1-13. [PMID: 29166803 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a wide term describing the condition affecting perforating arterial branches as well as arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Cerebral vascular net is one of the main targets of localised oxidative stress processes causing damage to vasculature, changes in the blood flow and blood-brain barrier and, in consequence, promoting neurodegenerative alterations in the brain tissue. Numerous studies report the fact of oxidation to proteins, sugars, lipids and nucleic acids, occurring in most neurodegenerative diseases mainly in the earliest stages and correlations with the development of cognitive and motor disturbances. The dysfunction of endothelium can be caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms as a result of reactions and processes generating extensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production such as high blood pressure, oxidised low density lipoproteins (oxLDL), very low density lipoproteins (vLDL), diabetes, homocysteinaemia, smoking, and infections. Several animal studies show positive aspects of ROS, especially within cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.,b Department of Human Anatomy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- b Department of Human Anatomy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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29
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Zhang B, Naik JS, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Reduced membrane cholesterol after chronic hypoxia limits Orai1-mediated pulmonary endothelial Ca 2+ entry. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H359-H369. [PMID: 29101179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00540.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction in chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension is characterized by reduced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and diminished Ca2+-dependent production of endothelium-derived vasodilators. We recently reported that SOCE in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) is tightly regulated by membrane cholesterol and that decreased membrane cholesterol is responsible for impaired SOCE after CH. However, the ion channels involved in cholesterol-sensitive SOCE are unknown. We hypothesized that cholesterol facilitates SOCE in PAECs through the interaction of Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). The role of cholesterol in Orai1-mediated SOCE was initially assessed using CH exposure in rats (4 wk, 380 mmHg) as a physiological stimulus to decrease PAEC cholesterol. The effects of Orai1 inhibition with AnCoA4 on SOCE were examined in isolated PAEC sheets from control and CH rats after cholesterol supplementation, substitution of endogenous cholesterol with epicholesterol (Epichol), or vehicle treatment. Whereas cholesterol restored endothelial SOCE in CH rats, both Epichol and AnCoA4 attenuated SOCE only in normoxic controls. The Orai1 inhibitor had no further effect in cells pretreated with Epichol. Using cultured pulmonary endothelial cells to allow better mechanistic analysis of the molecular components of cholesterol-regulated SOCE, we found that Epichol, AnCoA4, and Orai1 siRNA each inhibited SOCE compared with their respective controls. Epichol had no additional effect after knockdown of Orai1. Furthermore, Epichol substitution significantly reduced STIM1-Orai1 interactions as assessed by a proximity ligation assay. We conclude that membrane cholesterol is required for the STIM1-Orai1 interaction necessary to elicit endothelial SOCE. Furthermore, reduced PAEC membrane cholesterol after CH limits Orai1-mediated SOCE. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates a novel contribution of cholesterol to regulate the interaction of Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 required for pulmonary endothelial store-operated Ca2+ entry. The results provide a mechanistic basis for impaired pulmonary endothelial Ca2+ influx after chronic hypoxia that may contribute to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhang
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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30
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Herbert LM, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. RhoA increases ASIC1a plasma membrane localization and calcium influx in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells following chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C166-C176. [PMID: 29070491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00159.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increases in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) intracellular Ca2+ levels and enhanced RhoA/Rho kinase-dependent Ca2+ sensitization are key determinants of PASMC contraction, migration, and proliferation accompanying the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. We previously showed that acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a)-mediated Ca2+ entry in PASMC is an important constituent of the active vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. However, the enhanced ASIC1a-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry in PASMC from pulmonary hypertensive animals is not dependent on an increase in ASIC1a protein expression, suggesting that chronic hypoxia (CH) stimulates ASIC1a function through other regulatory mechanism(s). RhoA is involved in ion channel trafficking, and levels of activated RhoA are increased following CH. Therefore, we hypothesize that activation of RhoA following CH increases ASIC1a-mediated Ca2+ entry by promoting ASIC1a plasma membrane localization. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found greater plasma membrane localization of ASIC1a following CH. Inhibition of RhoA decreased ASIC1a plasma membrane expression and largely diminished ASIC1a-mediated Ca2+ influx, whereas activation of RhoA had the opposite effect. A proximity ligation assay revealed that ASIC1a and RhoA colocalize in PASMC and that the activation state of RhoA modulates this interaction. Together, our findings show a novel interaction between RhoA and ASIC1a, such that activation of RhoA in PASMC, both pharmacologically and via CH, promotes ASIC1a plasma membrane localization and Ca2+ entry. In addition to enhanced RhoA-mediated Ca2+ sensitization following CH, RhoA can also activate a Ca2+ signal by facilitating ASIC1a plasma membrane localization and Ca2+ influx in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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31
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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32
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Li Y, Pagano PJ. Microvascular NADPH oxidase in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:33-47. [PMID: 28274817 PMCID: PMC5482368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The systemic and cerebral microcirculation contribute critically to regulation of local and global blood flow and perfusion pressure. Microvascular dysfunction, commonly seen in numerous cardiovascular pathologies, is associated with alterations in the oxidative environment including potentiated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent activation of redox signaling pathways. NADPH oxidases (Noxs) are a primary source of ROS in the vascular system and play a central role in cardiovascular health and disease. In this review, we focus on the roles of Noxs in ROS generation in resistance arterioles and capillaries, and summarize their contributions to microvascular physiology and pathophysiology in both systemic and cerebral microcirculation. In light of the accumulating evidence that Noxs are pivotal players in vascular dysfunction of resistance arterioles, selectively targeting Nox isozymes could emerge as a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating microvascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Sheak JR, Weise-Cross L, deKay RJ, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Enhanced NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation limits increased vasoconstrictor sensitivity in neonatal chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H828-H838. [PMID: 28733445 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00123.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Augmented vasoconstrictor reactivity is thought to play an important role in the development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. However, whether this response to CH results from pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation is not well understood. We hypothesized that neonatal CH enhances basal tone and pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity by limiting NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) on baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and vasoconstrictor sensitivity to the thromboxane mimetic U-46619 in saline-perfused lungs (in situ) from 2-wk-old control and CH (12-day exposure, 0.5 atm) Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal tone was defined as that reversed by exogenous NO (spermine NONOate). CH neonates displayed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (in vivo) and right ventricular hypertrophy, indicative of pulmonary hypertension. Perfused lungs from CH rats demonstrated greater baseline PVR, basal tone, and U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction compared with control rats in the absence of l-NNA. l-NNA markedly increased baseline PVR and reactivity to U-46619 in lungs from CH neonates, further augmenting vasoconstrictor sensitivity compared with control lungs. Exposure to CH also enhanced NO-dependent vasodilation to arginine vasopressin, pulmonary expression of NOS III [endothelial NOS (eNOS)], and eNOS phosphorylation at activation residue Ser1177 However, CH did not alter lung nitrotyrosine levels, a posttranslational modification reflecting [Formula: see text] scavenging of NO. We conclude that, in contrast to our hypothesis, enhanced basal tone and agonist-induced vasoconstriction after neonatal CH is limited by increased NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation resulting from greater eNOS expression and phosphorylation at activation residue Ser1177NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research is the first to demonstrate enhanced nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation that limits increased vasoconstrictor reactivity in neonatal pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that augmented vasoconstriction in this setting reflects changes in smooth muscle reactivity rather than a reduction in nitric oxide-dependent pulmonary vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ray J deKay
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Jernigan NL, Naik JS, Weise-Cross L, Detweiler ND, Herbert LM, Yellowhair TR, Resta TC. Contribution of reactive oxygen species to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180455. [PMID: 28666030 PMCID: PMC5493402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with a decreased antioxidant capacity. However, neither the contribution of reactive oxygen species to pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity, nor the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidant strategies in this setting are known. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species play a central role in mediating both vasoconstrictor and arterial remodeling components of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. We examined the effect of the chemical antioxidant, TEMPOL, on right ventricular systolic pressure, vascular remodeling, and enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity in both chronic hypoxia and hypoxia/SU5416 rat models of pulmonary hypertension. SU5416 is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist and the combination of chronic hypoxia/SU5416 produces a model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with vascular plexiform lesions/fibrosis that is not present with chronic hypoxia alone. The major findings from this study are: 1) compared to hypoxia alone, hypoxia/SU5416 exposure caused more severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, adventitial lesion formation, and greater vasoconstrictor sensitivity through a superoxide and Rho kinase-dependent Ca2+ sensitization mechanism. 2) Chronic hypoxia increased medial muscularization and superoxide levels, however there was no effect of SU5416 to augment these responses. 3) Treatment with TEMPOL decreased right ventricular systolic pressure in both hypoxia and hypoxia/SU5416 groups. 4) This effect of TEMPOL was associated with normalization of vasoconstrictor responses, but not arterial remodeling. Rather, medial hypertrophy and adventitial fibrotic lesion formation were more pronounced following chronic TEMPOL treatment in hypoxia/SU5416 rats. Our findings support a major role for reactive oxygen species in mediating enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity and pulmonary hypertension in both chronic hypoxia and hypoxia/SU5416 rat models, despite a paradoxical effect of antioxidant therapy to exacerbate arterial remodeling in animals with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in the hypoxia/SU5416 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jay S. Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Neil D. Detweiler
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Tracylyn R. Yellowhair
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Lubomirov LT, Papadopoulos S, Pütz S, Welter J, Klöckener T, Weckmüller K, Ardestani MA, Filipova D, Metzler D, Metzner H, Staszewski J, Zittrich S, Gagov H, Schroeter MM, Pfitzer G. Aging-related alterations in eNOS and nNOS responsiveness and smooth muscle reactivity of murine basilar arteries are modulated by apocynin and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1014-1029. [PMID: 27193035 PMCID: PMC5363478 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16649402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes major alterations of all components of the neurovascular unit and compromises brain blood supply. Here, we tested how aging affects vascular reactivity in basilar arteries from young (<10 weeks; y-BA), old (>22 months; o-BA) and old (>22 months) heterozygous MYPT1-T-696A/+ knock-in mice. In isometrically mounted o-BA, media thickness was increased by ∼10% while the passive length tension relations were not altered. Endothelial denudation or pan-NOS inhibition (100 µmol/L L-NAME) increased the basal tone by 11% in y-BA and 23% in o-BA, while inhibition of nNOS (1 µmol/L L-NPA) induced ∼10% increase in both ages. eNOS expression was ∼2-fold higher in o-BA. In o-BA, U46619-induced force was augmented (pEC50 ∼6.9 vs. pEC50 ∼6.5) while responsiveness to DEA-NONOate, electrical field stimulation or nicotine was decreased. Basal phosphorylation of MLC20-S19 and MYPT1-T-853 was higher in o-BA and was reversed by apocynin. Furthermore, permeabilized o-BA showed enhanced Ca2+-sensitivity. Old T-696A/+ BA displayed a reduced phosphorylation of MYPT1-T696 and MLC20, a lower basal tone in response to L-NAME and a reduced eNOS expression. The results indicate that the vascular hypercontractility found in o-BA is mediated by inhibition of MLCP and is partially compensated by an upregulation of endothelial NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Pütz
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Welter
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Klöckener
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Dilyana Filipova
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Metzner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Germany
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Adesina SE, Wade BE, Bijli KM, Kang BY, Williams CR, Ma J, Go YM, Hart CM, Sutliff RL. Hypoxia inhibits expression and function of mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 to promote pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L599-L608. [PMID: 28130258 PMCID: PMC5451594 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00258.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increased pulmonary vascular pressures that often result in right ventricular dysfunction, leading to right heart failure. Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to PH pathogenesis by altering pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of mitochondrial antioxidants and oxidant-derived stress signaling in the development of hypoxia-induced PH is largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of the major mitochondrial redox regulator thioredoxin 2 (Trx2). Levels of Trx2 mRNA and protein were examined in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) exposed to hypoxia, a common stimulus for PH, for 72 h. Hypoxia decreased Trx2 mRNA and protein levels. In vitro overexpression of Trx2 reduced hypoxia-induced H2O2 production. The effects of increased Trx2 protein level were examined in transgenic mice expressing human Trx2 (TghTrx2) that were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 3 wk. TghTrx2 mice exposed to hypoxia had exacerbated increases in right ventricular systolic pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased ROS in the lung tissue. Trx2 overexpression did not attenuate hypoxia-induced increases in Trx2 oxidation or Nox4 expression. Expression of a dominant negative C93S Trx2 mutant that mimics Trx2 oxidation exacerbated hypoxia-induced increases in HPASMC H2O2 levels and cell proliferation. In conclusion, Trx2 overexpression failed to attenuate hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation in vitro or hypoxia-induced PH in vivo. These findings indicate that strategies to enhance Trx2 expression are unlikely to exert therapeutic effects in PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry E Adesina
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Brandy E Wade
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | | | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and .,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Song T, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Cross Talk Between Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:289-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jernigan NL, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Altered Redox Balance in the Development of Chronic Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:83-103. [PMID: 29047083 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normally, the pulmonary circulation is maintained in a low-pressure, low-resistance state with little resting tone. Pulmonary arteries are thin-walled and rely heavily on pulmonary arterial distension and recruitment for reducing pulmonary vascular resistance when cardiac output is elevated. Under pathophysiological conditions, however, active vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling lead to enhanced pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Chronic hypoxia is a critical pathological factor associated with the development of PH resulting from airway obstruction (COPD, sleep apnea), diffusion impairment (interstitial lung disease), developmental lung abnormalities, or high altitude exposure (World Health Organization [WHO]; Group III). The rise in pulmonary vascular resistance increases right heart afterload causing right ventricular hypertrophy that can ultimately lead to right heart failure in patients with chronic lung disease. PH is typically characterized by diminished paracrine release of vasodilators, antimitogenic factors, and antithrombotic factors (e.g., nitric oxide and protacyclin) and enhanced production of vasoconstrictors and mitogenic factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species and endothelin-1) from the endothelium and lung parenchyma. In addition, phenotypic changes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), including alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ sensitivity, and activation of transcription factors are thought to play prominent roles in the development of both vasoconstrictor and arterial remodeling components of hypoxia-associated PH. These changes in PASMC function are briefly reviewed in Sect. 1 and the influence of altered reactive oxygen species homeostasis on PASMC function discussed in Sects. 2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Jernigan
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Kleniewska P, Kowalczyk A, Ciesla W, Goraca A. Estimation of Some Oxidative Stress Parameters and Blood Pressure After Administration of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:1483-9. [PMID: 25391890 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the plasma antioxidative activity and in lipid peroxidation after administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin receptor blockers and additionally, to estimate blood pressure. The study was performed on male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) divided into 4 groups which received: (1) saline, (2) endothelin-1 (ET-1) (3 μg/kg b.w.) + saline, (3) BQ123 (1 mg/kg) + ET-1 (3 μg/kg), and (4) BQ788 (3 mg/kg) + ET-1 (3 μg/kg b.w.). The endothelin receptor antagonist was injected intravenously 30 min before ET-1 administration. Blood pressure was monitored, and the blood was collected before the saline or ET-1 administration as well as 60 and 300 min after their administration. The antioxidative properties were examined by FRAP method (ferric reducing ability of plasma), and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products was examined by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). It was estimated that intravenous administration of endothelin receptor blocker ETA increases plasma antioxidative properties (p < 0.01) and parallelly decreases the process of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05 vs. ET-1) and blood pressure (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Kowalczyk
- Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Ciesla
- Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Goraca
- Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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Maron BA, Machado RF, Shimoda L. Pulmonary vascular and ventricular dysfunction in the susceptible patient (2015 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2016; 6:426-438. [PMID: 28090285 PMCID: PMC5210067 DOI: 10.1086/688315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary blood vessel structure and tone are maintained by a complex interplay between endogenous vasoactive factors and oxygen-sensing intermediaries. Under physiological conditions, these signaling networks function as an adaptive interface between the pulmonary circulation and environmental or acquired perturbations to preserve oxygenation and maintain systemic delivery of oxygen-rich hemoglobin. Chronic exposure to hypoxia, however, triggers a range of pathogenetic mechanisms that include hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent upregulation of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin 1 in pulmonary endothelial cells. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, chronic hypoxia induces HIF-1α-mediated upregulation of canonical transient receptor potential proteins, as well as increased Rho kinase-Ca2+ signaling and pulmonary arteriole synthesis of the profibrotic hormone aldosterone. Collectively, these mechanisms contribute to a contractile or hypertrophic pulmonary vascular phenotype. Genetically inherited disorders in hemoglobin structure are also an important etiology of abnormal pulmonary vasoreactivity. In sickle cell anemia, for example, consumption of the vasodilator and antimitogenic molecule nitric oxide by cell-free hemoglobin is an important mechanism underpinning pulmonary hypertension. Contemporary genomic and transcriptomic analytic methods have also allowed for the discovery of novel risk factors relevant to sickle cell disease, including GALNT13 gene variants. In this report, we review cutting-edge observations characterizing these and other pathobiological mechanisms that contribute to pulmonary vascular and right ventricular vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larissa Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jude J, Koziol-White C, Scala J, Yoo E, Jester W, Maute C, Dalton P, Panettieri R. Formaldehyde Induces Rho-Associated Kinase Activity to Evoke Airway Hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:542-553. [PMID: 27149505 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0254oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde, a common indoor air pollutant, exacerbates asthma and synergizes with allergen to induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in animal models. The mechanisms mediating formaldehyde-induced AHR remain poorly understood. We posit that formaldehyde modulates agonist-induced contractile response of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells to elicit AHR. HASM cells were exposed to formaldehyde or vehicle and agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and myosin light-chain phosphatase (MYPT1) phosphorylation were determined. Air-liquid interface-differentiated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were exposed to formaldehyde or vehicle and cocultured with HASM cells. Agonist-induced [Ca2+]i and MYPT1 phosphorylation were determined in the cocultured HASM cells. Precision-cut human lung slices were exposed to PBS or varying concentrations of formaldehyde, and then carbachol-induced airway narrowing was determined 24 hours after exposure. HASM cells were transfected with nontargeting or nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (Nrf-2)-targeting small interfering RNA and exposed to formaldehyde or vehicle, followed by determination of antioxidant response (quinone oxido-reductase 1 and thioredoxin 1) and basal and agonist-induced MYPT1 phosphorylation. Formaldehyde enhanced the basal Rho-kinase activity and MYPT1 phosphorylation with little effect on agonist-induced [Ca2+]i in HASM cells. Formaldehyde induced Nrf-2-dependent antioxidant response in HASM cells, although the MYPT1 phosphorylation was independent of Nrf-2 induction. Although HBE cells exposed to formaldehyde had little effect on agonist-induced [Ca2+]i or MYPT1 phosphorylation in cocultured HASM cells, formaldehyde enhanced carbachol-induced airway responsiveness in precision-cut human lung slices. In conclusion, formaldehyde induces phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of MYPT1, independent of formaldehyde-induced Nrf-2 activation in HASM cells. The findings suggest that the Rho kinase-dependent Ca2+ sensitization pathway plays a role in formaldehyde-induced AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jude
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Jacqueline Scala
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Edwin Yoo
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - William Jester
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | | | - Pamela Dalton
- 2 Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- 1 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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Walker J, Undem C, Yun X, Lade J, Jiang H, Shimoda LA. Role of Rho kinase and Na+/H+ exchange in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/6/e12702. [PMID: 27009277 PMCID: PMC4814889 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are hallmark characteristics of vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the role of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and alterations in intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis in meditating increased proliferation and migration in PASMCs isolated from resistance‐sized pulmonary arteries from chronically hypoxic rats or from normoxic rats that were exposed to hypoxia ex vivo (1% or 4% O2, 24–96 h). We found that PASMCs exposed to either in vivo or ex vivo hypoxia exhibited greater proliferative and migratory capacity, elevated pHi, and enhanced NHE activity. The NHE inhibitor, ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA), normalized pHi in hypoxic PASMCs and reduced migration by 73% and 45% in cells exposed to in vivo and in vitro hypoxia, respectively. Similarly, EIPA reduced proliferation by 97% and 78% in cells exposed to in vivo and in vitro hypoxia, respectively. We previously demonstrated that NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) is the predominant isoform expressed in PASMCs. The development of hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension and alterations in PASMC pHi homeostasis were prevented in mice deficient for NHE1. We found that short‐term (24 h) ex vivo hypoxic exposure did not alter the expression of NHE1, so we tested the role of Rho kinase (ROCK) as a possible means of increasing NHE activity. In the presence of the ROCK inhibitor, Y‐27632, we found that pHi and NHE activity were normalized and migration and proliferation were reduced in PASMCs exposed to either in vivo (by 68% for migration and 22% for proliferation) or ex vivo (by 43% for migration and 17% for proliferation) hypoxia. From these results, we conclude that during hypoxia, activation of ROCK enhances NHE activity and promotes PASMC migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clark Undem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie Lade
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Liu MY, Jin J, Li SL, Yan J, Zhen CL, Gao JL, Zhang YH, Zhang YQ, Shen X, Zhang LS, Wei YY, Zhao Y, Wang CG, Bai YL, Dong DL. Mitochondrial Fission of Smooth Muscle Cells Is Involved in Artery Constriction. Hypertension 2016; 68:1245-1254. [PMID: 27572148 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and continuously undergo fission and fusion processes. Mitochondrial fission is involved in multiple physiological or pathological processes, but the role of mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells in artery constriction is unknown. The role of mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells in arterial function was investigated by measuring the tension of rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta and by evaluating mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and cytosolic [Ca2+]i in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Mitochondrial fission inhibitors mdivi-1 and dynasore antagonized phenylephrine- and high K+-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. Mdivi-1 relaxed phenylephrine-induced constriction, and mdivi-1 pretreatment prevented phenylephrine-induced constriction in mice, rat aorta, and human mesenteric arteries. Phenylephrine- and high K+-induced increase of mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells of rat aorta and the increase was inhibited by mdivi-1. Mdivi-1 inhibited high K+-induced increases of mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and cytosolic [Ca2+]i in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Prechelation of cytosolic Ca2+ prevented high K+-induced cytosolic [Ca2+]i increase, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO antagonized phenylephrine- and high K+-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. Nitroglycerin and ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) inhibitor Y27632, the 2 vasodilators with different vasorelaxant mechanisms, relaxed high K+-induced vasoconstriction and inhibited high K+-induced mitochondrial fission. In conclusion, the mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells is involved in artery constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jing Jin
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Shan-Liang Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jie Yan
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Chang-Lin Zhen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jin-Lai Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Xin Shen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Liang-Shuan Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yu Zhao
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yun-Long Bai
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - De-Li Dong
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University.
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De Silva TM, Miller AA. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:61. [PMID: 27014073 PMCID: PMC4794483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to stroke, and a leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite the devastating effects of cerebral SVD, the pathogenesis of cerebral SVD is still not completely understood. Moreover, there are no specific pharmacological strategies for its prevention or treatment. Cerebral SVD is characterized by marked functional and structural abnormalities of the cerebral microcirculation. The clinical manifestations of these pathological changes include lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebral microbleeds. The main purpose of this review is to discuss evidence implicating oxidative stress in the arteriopathy of both non-amyloid and amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy) forms of cerebral SVD and its most important risk factors (hypertension and aging), as well as its contribution to cerebral SVD-related brain injury and cognitive impairment. We also highlight current evidence of the involvement of the NADPH oxidases in the development of oxidative stress, enzymes that are a major source of reactive oxygen species in the cerebral vasculature. Lastly, we discuss potential pharmacological strategies for oxidative stress in cerebral SVD, including some of the historical and emerging NADPH oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Michael De Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyson A. Miller
- Cerebrovascular and Stroke Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
The circulation of the lung is unique both in volume and function. For example, it is the only organ with two circulations: the pulmonary circulation, the main function of which is gas exchange, and the bronchial circulation, a systemic vascular supply that provides oxygenated blood to the walls of the conducting airways, pulmonary arteries and veins. The pulmonary circulation accommodates the entire cardiac output, maintaining high blood flow at low intravascular arterial pressure. As compared with the systemic circulation, pulmonary arteries have thinner walls with much less vascular smooth muscle and a relative lack of basal tone. Factors controlling pulmonary blood flow include vascular structure, gravity, mechanical effects of breathing, and the influence of neural and humoral factors. Pulmonary vascular tone is also altered by hypoxia, which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. If the hypoxic stimulus persists for a prolonged period, contraction is accompanied by remodeling of the vasculature, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, genetic and environmental factors can also confer susceptibility to development of pulmonary hypertension. Under normal conditions, the endothelium forms a tight barrier, actively regulating interstitial fluid homeostasis. Infection and inflammation compromise normal barrier homeostasis, resulting in increased permeability and edema formation. This article focuses on reviewing the basics of the lung circulation (pulmonary and bronchial), normal development and transition at birth and vasoregulation. Mechanisms contributing to pathological conditions in the pulmonary circulation, in particular when barrier function is disrupted and during development of pulmonary hypertension, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hui J, Qu YY, Tang N, Liu YM, Zhong H, Wang LM, Feng Q, Li Z, He F. Association of cytomegalovirus infection with hypertension risk: a meta-analysis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:586-91. [PMID: 26980213 PMCID: PMC5010589 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-0977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Information regarding association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and essential hypertension (EH) risk is not consistent across studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association in detail. Methods We comprehensively searched the published literature from the PubMed and Embase databases for any study analyzing the association between CMV and EH risk. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results Three studies involving 9657 patients were included in the meta-analysis, and the results showed a significantly increased risk of EH in patients with CMV infection. Overall, 79.3 % of the hypertension patients were CMV-positive, which was significantly higher than the percentage for controls (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI = 0.95–2.05, P = 0.017). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies included (I2 = 70.5 %). The funnel plot and Egger’s test also indicated no publication bias. Conclusions The results showed a significant association between CMV and EH, which indicates that CMV infection is a possible cause of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong-Min Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - La-Mei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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Karimi Galougahi K, Ashley EA, Ali ZA. Redox regulation of vascular remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:349-63. [PMID: 26483132 PMCID: PMC11108558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a dynamic process of structural and functional changes in response to biochemical and biomechanical signals in a complex in vivo milieu. While inherently adaptive, dysregulation leads to maladaptive remodeling. Reactive oxygen species participate in homeostatic cell signaling in tightly regulated- and compartmentalized cellular circuits. It is well established that perturbations in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis can lead to a state of oxidative-, and more recently, reductive stress. We provide an overview of the redox signaling in the vasculature and review the role of oxidative- and reductive stress in maladaptive vascular remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on essential processes that determine phenotype modulation, migration and fate of the main cell types in the vessel wall. Recent advances in systems biology and the translational opportunities they may provide to specifically target the redox pathways driving pathological vascular remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Sydney Medical School Foundation, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziad A Ali
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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MIZERA R, HODYC D, HERGET J. ROS Scavenger Decreases Basal Perfusion Pressure, Vasoconstriction and NO Synthase Activity in Pulmonary Circulation During Pulmonary Microembolism. Physiol Res 2015; 64:683-8. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two mechanisms contribute in the development of pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary embolism (PE) – obstruction of pulmonary blood vessels and vasoconstriction. We hypothesize that hypoxia, increased shear stress and/or activation of gathered leukocytes in the PE may cause a release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore our aim was to determine the influence of the ROS scavenger Tempol on pulmonary hypertension and to describe NO synthase activity and production of NO oxidative products (NOx) after PE. In general anesthesia sephadex microspheres suspended in PSS were applied in right jugular vein as the pulmonary microembolism. Than we measured in isolated salt solution-perfused lungs the changes in perfusion pressure, activity of NO synthase and NOx plasma concentration in 7 groups of rats: C: control group (n=5), CN: C + sodium nitroprusside (SN) (n=5), EN: PE + SN (n=5), ETN: Tempol + PE + SN (n=5), CL: C + L-NAME (n=5), EL: PE + L-NAME (n=5), ETL: Tempol + PE + L-NAME (n=5). Tempol was applied intraperitoneally before PE. Animals that received Tempol (groups TN, TL) had significantly lower basal perfusion pressure than those which did not receive Tempol (EN, EL). Overall we measured a higher decrease of perfusion pressure than in the control group (C) after application of SN. Administration of L NAME after PE (EL) increased the pressure more than in the control group (NL). NOx concentration was higher after PE. We found that preventive administration of Tempol decreases the increase in perfusion pressure after PE. PE increased NO release and concentration of NOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. MIZERA
- Traumatology-Orthopedic Center, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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49
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Takayasu H, Masumoto K, Hagiwara K, Sasaki T, Ono K, Jimbo T, Uesugi T, Gotoh C, Urita Y, Shinkai T, Tanaka H. Increased pulmonary RhoA expression in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1467-71. [PMID: 25783350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent pulmonary hypertension remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Recently, RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated vasoconstriction has been reported to be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Several recent reports have described that fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor and vasodilator, could represent a potential therapeutic option for PH. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that the expression level of RhoA is increased in the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model. The expression level of Wnt11, an activator of RhoA, was also evaluated. METHODS Pregnant rats were treated with or without nitrofen on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D17, D19 and D21 and were divided into control and CDH groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the pulmonary gene expression levels of both Wnt11 and RhoA. An immunofluorescence study was also performed to evaluate the expression and localization of RhoA. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression levels of pulmonary Wnt11 and RhoA on D21 were significantly increased in the CDH group compared with the control group (p=0.016 and p=0.008, respectively). The immunofluorescence study confirmed the overexpression of RhoA in the pulmonary vessels of CDH rats on D21. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that the RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of PH in the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model. Our data also suggest that the fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, could represent a therapeutic option for the treatment of PH in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takayasu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kouji Masumoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koki Hagiwara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takato Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Jimbo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Uesugi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chikashi Gotoh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Urita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toko Shinkai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Layton AT, Edwards A. Predicted effects of nitric oxide and superoxide on the vasoactivity of the afferent arteriole. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F708-19. [PMID: 26180238 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00187.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We expanded a published mathematical model of an afferent arteriole smooth muscle cell in rat kidney (Edwards A, Layton, AT. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F34-F48, 2014) to understand how nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) modulate the arteriolar diameter and its myogenic response. The present model includes the kinetics of NO and O(2)(-) formation, diffusion, and reaction. Also included are the effects of NO and its second messenger cGMP on cellular Ca²⁺ uptake and efflux, Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ currents, and myosin light chain phosphatase activity. The model considers as well pressure-induced increases in O(2)(-) production, O(2)(-)-mediated regulation of L-type Ca²⁺ channel conductance, and increased O(2)(-) production in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Our results indicate that elevated O(2)(-) production in SHR is sufficient to account for observed differences between normotensive and hypertensive rats in the response of the afferent arteriole to NO synthase inhibition, Tempol, and angiotensin II at baseline perfusion pressures. In vitro, whether the myogenic response is stronger in SHR remains uncertain. Our model predicts that if mechanosensitive cation channels are not modulated by O(2)(-), then fractional changes in diameter induced by pressure elevations should be smaller in SHR than in normotensive rats. Our results also suggest that most NO diffuses out of the smooth muscle cell without being consumed, whereas most O(2)(-) is scavenged, by NO and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the predicted effects of superoxide on arteriolar constriction are not predominantly due to its scavenging of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita T Layton
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Aurélie Edwards
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 1138, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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