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Tan Y, Yu Z, Li P, Liu Y, You T, Kuang F, Luo W. Circ_0001714 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells via miR-129-5p/TRAF6 axis in septic acute kidney injury. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:289-300. [PMID: 37526815 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play roles in regulating sepsis. Sepsis is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0001714 in the progression of sepsis-induced AKI. METHODS Human HK-2 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for functional experiments. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used for expression analysis. Functional experiments were performed by using MTT assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding between miR-129-5p and circ_0001714 or TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Circ_0001714 expression was higher in sepsis-AKI patients. HK-2 cells were exposed to LPS to imitate the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells during sepsis-AKI. LPS dose-dependently up-regulated circ_0001714, moreover, circ_0001714 silencing reversed LPS-evoked apoptosis and inflammation in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, circ_0001714 sequestered miR-129-5p to up-regulate TRAF6 expression, implying the circ_0001714/miR-129-5p/TRAF6 feedback loop. MiR-129-5p was decreased, while TRAF6 was increased in sepsis-AKI patients and LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. MiR-129-5p re-expression or TRAF6 silencing protected against LPS-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, a series of rescue experiments showed that miR-129-5p inhibition reversed the inhibitory action of circ_0001714 knockdown on LPS-induced HK-2 cell injury. Furthermore, TRAF6 overexpression also attenuated the protective effects of miR-129-5p on HK-2 cells under LPS treatment. CONCLUSION Circ_0001714 silencing might alleviate LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation via targeting miR-129-5p/TRAF6 axis in HK-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovasology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Singh P, Aulakh GK. Modulation of low-dose ozone and LPS exposed acute mouse lung inflammation by IF1 mediated ATP hydrolysis inhibitor, BTB06584. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126574. [PMID: 36993977 PMCID: PMC10040673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are common air pollutants that are related to high hospital admissions due to airway hyperreactivity and increased susceptibility to infections, especially in children, older population and individuals with underlying conditions. We modeled acute lung inflammation (ALI) by exposing 6-8 week old male mice to 0.005 ppm ozone for 2 h followed by 50 μg of intranasal LPS. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of single dose pre-treatment with CD61 blocking antibody (clone 2C9.G2), ATPase inhibitor BTB06584 against propranolol as the immune-stimulant and dexamethasone as the immune-suppressant in the ALI model. Ozone and LPS exposure induced lung neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment as measured by respective peroxidase (MPO and EPX) assays, systemic leukopenia, increased levels of lung vascular neutrophil regulatory chemokines such as CXCL5, SDF-1, CXCL13 and a decrease in immune-regulatory chemokines such as BAL IL-10 and CCL27. While CD61 blocking antibody and BTB06584 produced maximum increase in BAL leukocyte counts, protein content and BAL chemokines, these treatments induced moderate increase in lung MPO and EPX content. CD61 blocking antibody induced maximal BAL cell death, a markedly punctate distribution of NK1.1, CX3CR1, CD61. BTB06584 preserved BAL cell viability with cytosolic and membrane distribution of Gr1 and CX3CR1. Propranolol attenuated BAL protein, protected against BAL cell death, induced polarized distribution of NK1.1, CX3CR1 and CD61 but presented with high lung EPX. Dexamethasone induced sparse cell membrane distribution of CX3CR1 and CD61 on BAL cells and displayed very low lung MPO and EPX levels despite highest levels of BAL chemokines. Our study unravels ATPase inhibitor IF1 as a novel drug target for lung injury.
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Mu Q, Zhang C, Li R, Guo Z. CircPalm2 knockdown alleviates LPS-evoked pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation via miR-450b-5p/ROCK1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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You T, Zhang B. CircWDR33 alleviates human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell injury in sepsis-associated acute lung injury by targeting miR-217-5p/SERP1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cheng H, Zhu Y, Chen L, Wang Y. Nesfatin-1 alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through regulating inflammatory response associated with macrophages modulation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:206. [PMID: 36008865 PMCID: PMC9413923 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes associated with uncontrolled excessive lung inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of ALI is still complicated and effective clinical pharmacological management is required. Various signaling pathways are involved in the inflammatory responses of ALI. Here, we aimed to explore the role of nesfatin-1, an amino-acid peptide with anti-inflammatory action, in an LPS-induced ALI mice model, and its role in regulating macrophages in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. This was to clarify the underlying mechanisms of regulating the inflammatory response in the development of ALI. The results show that nesfatin-1 expression was downregulated in the lung tissues of ALI mice compared to control mice. Nesfatin-1 treatment ameliorated the inflammatory response and lung tissue damage in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In vitro studies showed that nesfatin-1 attenuated the generation and release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Nesfatin-1 also inhibited reactive oxygen species production and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 exerted a crucial role in regulating the LPS-mediated activation of M1 macrophages. Further mechanism investigations indicated that nesfatin-1 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK/c-Jun and NF-κB pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of p-p38, p-c-Fos, and p-p65. Overall, nesfatin-1 alleviated LPS-induced ALI, which might be attributed to regulating inflammatory response through macrophages modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Cheng
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 29, Middle Section of Mianzhou Avenue, Nancheng New District, Xiantao City, 433099, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 29, Middle Section of Mianzhou Avenue, Nancheng New District, Xiantao City, 433099, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liangji Chen
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 29, Middle Section of Mianzhou Avenue, Nancheng New District, Xiantao City, 433099, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 29, Middle Section of Mianzhou Avenue, Nancheng New District, Xiantao City, 433099, Hubei Province, China.
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Nguyen N, Xu S, Lam TYW, Liao W, Wong WSF, Ge R. ISM1 suppresses LPS-induced acute lung injury and post-injury lung fibrosis in mice. Mol Med 2022; 28:72. [PMID: 35752760 PMCID: PMC9233842 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are clinical syndromes characterized by acute lung inflammation, pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, with up to 50% mortality rate without effective pharmacological therapy. Following the acute inflammation, repair and remodeling occurs which in some cases resulting in lung fibrosis. The pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS remains incompletely understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice have been widely used as a model to study human ALI/ARDS. Isthmin 1 (ISM1) is a secreted protein highly abundant in mouse lung. We have previously reported that upon intratracheal LPS instillation, ISM1 expression in the lung is further upregulated. Recently, we also reported that ISM1 is an anti-inflammatory protein in the lung with Ism1-/- mice presenting spontaneous chronic low-grade lung inflammation and obvious emphysema at young adult stage. However, what role ISM1 plays in ALI/ARDS and lung fibrosis remain unclear. Methods Using Ism1-/- mice and intratracheal LPS-induced ALI, and local delivery of recombinant ISM1 (rISM1), we investigated the role ISM1 plays in ALI and post-ALI lung fibrosis using flow cytometry, Western blot, antibody array, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescent and other histological staining. Results We reveal that ISM1 deficiency in mice led to an intensified acute lung inflammation upon intratracheal LPS challenge, with a heightened leukocyte infiltration including neutrophils and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages, as well as upregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Although innate immune cells largely subsided to the baseline by day 7 post-LPS challenge in both wild-type and Ism1−/− mice, Ism1−/− lung showed increased post-ALI fibrosis from day 9 post-LPS treatment with increased myofibroblasts, excessive collagen accumulation and TGF-β upregulation. The heightened lung fibrosis remained on day 28 post-LPS. Moreover, intranasal delivered recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) effectively suppressed LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and ALI, and rISM1 suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation in cultured mouse alveolar macrophages. Conclusion Together with our previous report, this work further established ISM1 as an endogenous anti-inflammation protein in the lung, restraining excessive host inflammatory response to LPS-triggered ALI and suppressing post-ALI lung fibrosis likely through suppressing NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00500-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Terence Yin Weng Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Republic of Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Republic of Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore.,Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, National University Health System, Singapore, 117600, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore.
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Escherichia coli infection activates the production of IFN-α and IFN-β via the JAK1/STAT1/2 signaling pathway in lung cells. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1609-1622. [PMID: 34524541 PMCID: PMC8441250 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli infections can result in lung injury, which may be closely linked to the induction of interferon secretion. The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of most important pathways that regulate interferon production. Thus, the present study aimed to dissect whether E. coli infections can regulate interferon production and the underlying mechanisms. For this aim, two lung cell lines, a human bronchial epithelial cell line transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2b) and a human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1) cell line, were used. The effects of E. coli infections on interferon production were studied using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and siRNA knockdown assays. E. coli infections remarkably promoted the expression levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISGs. Major components of the JAK/STAT pathway, including JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2, were demonstrated to be regulated by E. coli infections. Importantly, knockdown of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2 abolished the induction of IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISGs by E. coli. Therefore, experiments in the present study demonstrated that E. coli infections remarkably promoted interferon production in lung cells, which was closely regulated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The findings in the present study are useful for further understanding the pathogenesis of E. coli infections in the lung and finding novel therapies to treat E. coli-induced lung injury.
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Nair M, Jagadeeshan S, Katselis G, Luan X, Momeni Z, Henao-Romero N, Chumala P, Tam JS, Yamamoto Y, Ianowski JP, Campanucci VA. Lipopolysaccharides induce a RAGE-mediated sensitization of sensory neurons and fluid hypersecretion in the upper airways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8336. [PMID: 33863932 PMCID: PMC8052339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic dorsal root ganglia (tDRG) contribute to fluid secretion in the upper airways. Inflammation potentiates DRG responses, but the mechanisms remain under investigation. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) underlies potentiation of DRG responses in pain pathologies; however, its role in other sensory modalities is less understood. We hypothesize that RAGE contributes to electrophysiological and biochemical changes in tDRGs during inflammation. We used tDRGs and tracheas from wild types (WT), RAGE knock-out (RAGE-KO), and with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, and exposed them to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We studied: capsaicin (CAP)-evoked currents and action potentials (AP), tracheal submucosal gland secretion, RAGE expression and downstream pathways. In WT neurons, LPS increased CAP-evoked currents and AP generation, and it caused submucosal gland hypersecretion in tracheas from WT mice exposed to LPS. In contrast, LPS had no effect on tDRG excitability or gland secretion in RAGE-KO mice or mice treated with FPS-ZM1. LPS upregulated full-length RAGE (encoded by Tv1-RAGE) and downregulated a soluble (sRAGE) splice variant (encoded by MmusRAGEv4) in tDRG neurons. These data suggest that sensitization of tDRG neurons contributes to hypersecretion in the upper airways during inflammation. And at least two RAGE variants may be involved in these effects of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nair
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Santosh Jagadeeshan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - George Katselis
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xiaojie Luan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Henao-Romero
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paulos Chumala
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julian S Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Downregulation of miR-497-5p Improves Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Targeting IL2RB. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6624702. [PMID: 33954185 PMCID: PMC8057895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is a process related to inflammatory reactions, which involves lung cell apoptosis and production of inflammatory cytokine. Here, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to stimulate the mouse or human normal lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to construct a sepsis model in vivo and in vitro, and we also investigated the effect of miR-497-5p on sepsis-induced ALI. Material and Methods. Before LPS treatment, miR-497-5p antagomir was injected intravenously into mice to inhibit miR-497-5p expression in vivo. Similarly, miR-497-5p was knocked down in BEAS-2B cells. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to predict and confirm the miR-497-5p target gene. Cell viability, apoptosis, the levels of miR-497-5p, IL2RB, SP1, inflammatory cytokine, and lung injury were assessed. Results In BEAS-2B cells, a significant increase of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine was shown after LPS stimulation. In septic mice, increased inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis in lung cells and pulmonary morphological abnormalities were shown. The miR-497-5p inhibitor transfection showed antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on BEAS-2B cells upon LPS stimulation. In septic mice, the miR-497-5p antagomir injection also alleviated ALI, apoptosis, and inflammation caused by sepsis. The downregulation of IL2RB in BEAS-2B cells reversed the protective effects of the miR-497-5p inhibitor against ALI. Conclusion In conclusion, downregulation of miR-497-5p reduced ALI caused by sepsis through targeting IL2RB, indicating the potential effect of miR-497-5p for improving ALI caused by sepsis.
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Watzenboeck ML, Drobits B, Zahalka S, Gorki AD, Farhat A, Quattrone F, Hladik A, Lakovits K, Richard GM, Lederer T, Strobl B, Versteeg GA, Boon L, Starkl P, Knapp S. Lipocalin 2 modulates dendritic cell activity and shapes immunity to influenza in a microbiome dependent manner. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009487. [PMID: 33905460 PMCID: PMC8078786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein with roles in multiple biological processes. It contributes to host defense by interference with bacterial iron uptake and exerts immunomodulatory functions in various diseases. Here, we aimed to characterize the function of LCN2 in lung macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) using Lcn2-/- mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed strong LCN2-related effects in CD103+ DCs during homeostasis, with differential regulation of antigen processing and presentation and antiviral immunity pathways. We next validated the relevance of LCN2 in a mouse model of influenza infection, wherein LCN2 protected from excessive weight loss and improved survival. LCN2-deficiency was associated with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and increased lung T cell numbers, indicating a dysregulated immune response to influenza infection. Depletion of CD8+ T cells equalized weight loss between WT and Lcn2-/- mice, proving that LCN2 protects from excessive disease morbidity by dampening CD8+ T cell responses. In vivo T cell chimerism and in vitro T cell proliferation assays indicated that improved antigen processing by CD103+ DCs, rather than T cell intrinsic effects of LCN2, contribute to the exacerbated T cell response. Considering the antibacterial potential of LCN2 and that commensal microbes can modulate antiviral immune responses, we speculated that LCN2 might cause the observed influenza phenotype via the microbiome. Comparing the lung and gut microbiome of WT and Lcn2-/- mice by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed profound effects of LCN2 on gut microbial composition. Interestingly, antibiotic treatment or co-housing of WT and Lcn2-/- mice prior to influenza infection equalized lung CD8+ T cell counts, suggesting that the LCN2-related effects are mediated by the microbiome. In summary, our results highlight a novel regulatory function of LCN2 in the modulation of antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Watzenboeck
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Barbara Drobits
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Sophie Zahalka
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Gabriel M. Richard
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Therese Lederer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gijs A. Versteeg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Starkl
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
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Jiang WY, Ren J, Zhang XH, Lu ZL, Feng HJ, Yao XL, Li DH, Xiong R, Fan T, Geng Q. CircC3P1 attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis in acute lung injury induced by sepsis through modulating miR-21. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11221-11229. [PMID: 32846020 PMCID: PMC7576301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is characterized by an inflammatory process related to the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the present study, we explored the role of circC3P1 in sepsis‐induced ALI in vitro and in vivo. The caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis model was established through CLP surgery. Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into sham, CLP, CLP + vector and CLP + circC3P1 (each n = 10). Primary murine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) were transfected with circC3P1 or empty vector 24 hours prior to LPS treatment via Lipofectamine 2000. The expressions of circC3P1, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1β were evaluated after 6‐h LPS treatment. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The CLP group demonstrated pulmonary morphological abnormalities, increased concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the lung tissue, compared with the sham group. MPVECs treated with LPS significantly elevated TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels and increased cell apoptosis than that in the control group. The circC3P1 overexpression in sepsis‐induced ALI mice attenuated pulmonary injury, inflammation and apoptosis. Besides, circC3P1 revealed anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effect in MPVEC‐treated LPS. CircC3P1 overexpression reduced cell apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels via down‐regulating miR‐21. CircC3P1 attenuated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis in ALI induced by sepsis through modulating miR‐21, indicating that circC3P1 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for sepsis‐induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Jie Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Hang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Aulakh GK. Lack of CD34 produces defects in platelets, microparticles, and lung inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:405-419. [PMID: 32700121 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung innate immune activation results in acute lung inflammation, which is characterized by alveolar barrier disruption and accumulation of cellular lung aggregates comprising neutrophils, platelets, mononuclear cells, and microparticles. CD34 is a sialomucin, with pan-selectin affinity and recently shown to protect the endothelial barrier in a bleomycin-induced lung injury model. However, there is very little information about the fundamental role of CD34 in regulation of the lung innate immune response. We hypothesized that CD34 regulates leukocyte recruitment by promoting optimal platelet activation (aggregation and spread) during bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, we utilized CD34 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to analyze and compare the morphology and expression of leukocyte subsets from the pulmonary and systemic compartments. We utilized the chemotactic N-formylated tri-peptide, fMLP, to understand platelet aggregation in vitro, and the fundamental immune stimulant, LPS, to induce lung injury and understand platelet activation ex vivo. Our data reveal that under steady-state conditions, KO mice possess large aggregates of integrin β3 (CD61)-positive microparticles in peripheral blood. Moreover, the KO mice recruit a large number of neutrophils to lungs, which are not cleared even at 36-h post-LPS exposure. The KO mice display an increased platelet CD61 expression, which aggregates, but does not spread normally in response to in vitro fMLP treatment. The KO platelets display similar deficits in their spreading ability even after ex vivo LPS exposure. Thus, our data demonstrate that CD34 modulates platelet biology, microparticle aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment during murine lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Aulakh
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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13
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Shen N, Cheng A, Qiu M, Zang G. Allicin Improves Lung Injury Induced by Sepsis via Regulation of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 (MYD88)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2567-2576. [PMID: 30957795 PMCID: PMC6467176 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effects and mechanisms of allicin in a sepsis-induced lung injury in vivo study. Material/Methods The rats (n=54) were divided into 6 groups: Normal, DMSO, LPS, LPS+LD, LPS+MD, and LPS+HD groups. After being treated by different methods, we collected the lung tissues of different groups and evaluated the pathology by HE staining and positive apoptosis cells by TUNEL. We assessed the W/D ratio, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), and relative protein expressions (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, caspase-3, and caspase-9) by IHC assay. Results Compared with LPS group, the lung injury and positive cell number of allicin treated groups were significantly improved with dose-dependent (P<0.05, respectively) and the W/D ratio and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β concentration were significantly down-regulation compared with those of LPS group with dose-dependent (P<0.05, respectively). By IHC, the TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein activities of allicin treated groups were significantly suppressed compared with those of LPS group (P<0.05, respectively) in lung tissues. Conclusions This in vivo study shows that allicin improved sepsis-induced lung injury by regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ailing Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mengru Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Guodong Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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14
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Qi XL, Hao J, Huang LJ, Wu S, Ma HH, Ye ZQ, He HB, Li SW, Li CE, Huang X. Apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:896-903. [PMID: 30484499 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180100000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong-Hao Ma
- University of Science and Technology of China, China
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15
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Stark A, Dammann C, Nielsen HC, Volpe MV. A Pathogenic Relationship of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity? A Review of Angiogenic Mediators in Both Diseases. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:125. [PMID: 29951473 PMCID: PMC6008318 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are common and significant morbidities of prematurely born infants. These diseases have in common altered and pathologic vascular formation in the face of incomplete organ development. Therefore, it is reasonable to question whether factors affecting angiogenesis could have a joint pathogenic role for both diseases. Inhibition or induced expression of a single angiogenic factor is unlikely to be 100% causative or protective of either of BPD or ROP. It is more likely that interactions of multiple factors leading to disordered angiogenesis are present, increasing the likelihood of common pathways in both diseases. This review explores this possibility by assessing the evidence showing involvement of specific angiogenic factors in the vascular development and maldevelopment in each disease. Theoretical interactions of specific factors mutually contributing to BPD and ROP are proposed and, where possible, a timeline of the proposed relationships between BPD and ROP is developed. It is hoped that future research will be inspired by the theories put forth in this review to enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stark
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christiane Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heber C Nielsen
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - MaryAnn V Volpe
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Wu H, Yang Y, Guo S, Yang J, Jiang K, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. Nuciferine Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the TLR4-Mediated Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 29311940 PMCID: PMC5742629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with sepsis occurring in critical patients, who usually lack effective therapy. Nuciferine is a primary bioactive component extracted from the lotus leaf, and it displays extensive pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI in mice has not been investigated. ALI of mice stimulated by LPS was used to determine the anti-inflammatory function of nuciferine. The molecular mechanism of nuciferine was performed on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results of pathological section, myeloperoxidase activity and lung wet/dry ratio showed that nuciferine alleviated LPS-induced lung injury (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments suggested that nuciferine inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in tissues and RAW264.7 cells but increased IL-10 secretion (p < 0.05). Molecular studies showed that TLR4 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were both inhibited by nuciferine treatment (p < 0.05). To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nuciferine, TLR4 was knocked down. When TLR4 was silenced, LPS induced the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α was markedly decreased by TLR4-siRNA and nuciferine treatment in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). These results suggested that nuciferine had the ability to protect against LPS-stimulated ALI. Thus, nuciferine may be a potential drug for treating LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Aulakh GK. Neutrophils in the lung: “the first responders”. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:577-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Aulakh GK, Mann A, Belev G, Wiebe S, Kuebler WM, Singh B, Chapman D. Multiple image x-radiography for functional lung imaging. Phys Med Biol 2017; 63:015009. [PMID: 29116051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection and visualization of lung tissue structures is impaired by predominance of air. However, by using synchrotron x-rays, refraction of x-rays at the interface of tissue and air can be utilized to generate contrast which may in turn enable quantification of lung optical properties. We utilized multiple image radiography, a variant of diffraction enhanced imaging, at the Canadian light source to quantify changes in unique x-ray optical properties of lungs, namely attenuation, refraction and ultra small-angle scatter (USAXS or width) contrast ratios as a function of lung orientation in free-breathing or respiratory-gated mice before and after intra-nasal bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) instillation. The lung ultra small-angle scatter and attenuation contrast ratios were significantly higher 9 h post lipopolysaccharide instillation compared to saline treatment whereas the refraction contrast decreased in magnitude. In ventilated mice, end-expiratory pressures result in an increase in ultra small-angle scatter contrast ratio when compared to end-inspiratory pressures. There were no detectable changes in lung attenuation or refraction contrast ratio with change in lung pressure alone. In effect, multiple image radiography can be applied towards following optical properties of lung air-tissue barrier over time during pathologies such as acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Aulakh
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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19
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Protective Effects of Methane-Rich Saline on Rats with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7430193. [PMID: 28553434 PMCID: PMC5434237 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7430193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this research is to evaluate the protective effects of methane-rich saline (MS) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) and investigate its potential antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Methods. LPS-induced (20 mg/kg) ALI rats were injected with MS (2 ml/kg and 20 ml/kg) before the initiation of LPS induction. Survival rate was determined until 96 h after LPS was induced. Lung injury was assayed by oxygenation index, lung permeability index (LPI), wet-to-dry weight (W/D), and histology. The cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Oxidative stress was examined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF were determined by ELISA. Lung tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and western blotting of caspase-3. Results. It was found that methane significantly prolonged the rat survival, decreased the lung W/D ratio and the content of the inflammatory factors, and reduced the amount of caspase-3 and apoptotic index. In addition, MS increased the level of SOD and decreased the level of MDA significantly. Conclusions. MS protects the LPS-challenged ALI via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effect, which may prove to be a novel therapy for the clinical management of ALI.
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Li W, Qiu X, Jiang H, Zhi Y, Fu J, Liu J. Ulinastatin inhibits the inflammation of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via regulation of AMPK/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:560-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu H, Yu X, Yu S, Kou J. Molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:937-946. [PMID: 26462590 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The confluent pulmonary endothelium plays an important role as a semi-permeable barrier between the vascular space of blood vessels and the underlying tissues, and it contributes to the maintenance of circulatory fluid homeostasis. Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction is a pivotal early step in the development of a variety of high mortality diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI). Endothelium barrier dysfunction in response to inflammatory or infectious mediators, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is accompanied by invertible cell deformation and interendothelial gap formation. However, specific pharmacological therapies aiming at ameliorating pulmonary endothelial barrier function in patients are still lacking. A full understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of pulmonary endothelial permeability is essential for the development of barrier protective therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review summarizes several important molecular mechanisms involved in LPS-induced changes in pulmonary endothelial barrier function. As for barrier-disruption, the activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), RhoA and tyrosine kinases; increase of calcium influx; and apoptosis of the endothelium lead to an elevation of lung endothelial permeability. Additionally, the activation of Rac1, Cdc42, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and adenosine receptors (ARs), as well as the increase of cyclic AMP and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) content, protect against LPS-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, current regulatory factors and strategies against the development of LPS-induced lung endothelial hyper-permeability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Sulan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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22
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Kinetics of lung tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity in bleomycin induced acute lung injury. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:63. [PMID: 26154059 PMCID: PMC4495096 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of coagulation by expression of tissue factor (TF) in the airspace is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI) but the timing of TF activation in relationship to increases in lung permeability and inflammation are unknown. Methods To test the hypothesis that TF is upregulated early in the course of acute bleomycin lung injury and precedes increased permeability and inflammation we studied the early course of bleomycin-induced ALI in mice. Mice were treated with 0.04U intratracheal bleomycin or vehicle control and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected daily for 7 days. Whole lung TF mRNA was determined by QT-PCR. TF protein was assessed by ELISA and immunostaining. BAL procoagulant activity was measured by BAL clot time and thrombin-antithrombin complexes. Inflammation was assessed by BAL cell count, differentials and CXCL1/KC concentration. Lung permeability was assessed by BAL protein and lung wet to dry weight ratio. Results Expression of CXCL1 occurred by day 1. BAL protein and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio increased significantly by day 3. TF mRNA and BAL procoagulant activity peaked on day 4 while whole lung TF protein peaked on day 6. Changes in permeability and procoagulant activity preceded inflammatory cell influx which was maximal at day 6 while whole lung TF protein peaked along with inflammation. Conclusion These data demonstrate that cytokine upregulation is the earliest response to bleomycin administration, followed by increased lung permeability, upregulation of TF, and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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Li T, Liu Y, Li G, Wang X, Zeng Z, Cai S, Li F, Chen Z. Polydatin attenuates ipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8401-8410. [PMID: 25674204 PMCID: PMC4314025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of polydatin (PD) have been demonstrated in our previous studies. Recently, we have found that PD treatment can ameliorate burn-induced acute lung injury (ALI). In the present study, we hypothesized that PD may provide protective effect against LPS-induced ALI through reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Rats were respectively pretreated with PD at doses of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg weight, followed by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-challenged rats exhibited significant lung injury characterized by the deterioration of histopathology, pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability, wet-to-dry weight ratio, and oxygenation index, which was attenuated by PD (30 and 45 mg/kg) treatment. Moreover, PD (30 and 45 mg/kg) treatment inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response, as evidenced by the downregulation of lung myeloperoxidase activity, total cells and PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the systemic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PD (30 and 45 mg/kg) treatment remarkably improved LPS-induced increase in TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining-positive cells, caspase 3 activity, Bax over-expression and Bcl-2 down-expression. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that PD (30 and 45 mg/kg) treatment attenuates LPS-induced ALI through reducing lung inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Youtan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hongkong Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053, China
| | - Guicheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzou 423000, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation ResearchGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Piper A, Song Y, Eves ND, Maher TM. Year in review 2013: Acute lung injury, interstitial lung diseases, sleep and physiology. Respirology 2014; 19:428-37. [PMID: 24708032 PMCID: PMC7169150 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piper
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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