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Immune Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030465. [PMID: 35326116 PMCID: PMC8944570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is not only a rate-limiting enzyme in heme metabolism but is also regarded as a protective protein with an immunoregulation role in asthmatic airway inflammation. HO-1 exerts an anti-inflammation role in different stages of airway inflammation via regulating various immune cells, such as dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, T cells, and macrophages. In addition, the immunoregulation role of HO-1 may differ according to subcellular locations.
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Wang W, Yang Q, Xie K, Wang P, Luo R, Yan Z, Gao X, Zhang B, Huang X, Gun S. Transcriptional Regulation of HMOX1 Gene in Hezuo Tibetan Pigs: Roles of WT1, Sp1, and C/EBPα. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040352. [PMID: 32224871 PMCID: PMC7231170 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is a stress-inducing enzyme with multiple cardiovascular protective functions, especially in hypoxia stress. However, transcriptional regulation of swine HMOX1 gene remains unclear. In the present study, we first detected tissue expression profiles of HMOX1 gene in adult Hezuo Tibetan pig and analyzed the gene structure. We found that the expression level of HMOX1 gene was highest in the spleen of the Hezuo Tibetan pig, followed by liver, lung, and kidney. A series of 5’ deletion promoter plasmids in pGL3-basic vector were used to identify the core promoter region and confirmed that the minimum core promoter region of swine HMOX1 gene was located at −387 bp to −158 bp region. Then we used bioinformatics analysis to predict transcription factors in this region. Combined with site-directed mutagenesis and RNA interference assays, it was demonstrated that the three transcription factors WT1, Sp1 and C/EBPα were important transcription regulators of HMOX1 gene. In summary, our study may lay the groundwork for further functional study of HMOX1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.W.); (Q.Y.); (K.X.); (P.W.); (R.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.G.); (B.Z.); (X.H.)
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-1804
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Baron RM, Kwon MY, Castano AP, Ghanta S, Riascos-Bernal DF, Lopez-Guzman S, Macias AA, Ith B, Schissel SL, Lederer JA, Reeves R, Yet SF, Layne MD, Liu X, Perrella MA. Frontline Science: Targeted expression of a dominant-negative high mobility group A1 transgene improves outcome in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:677-689. [PMID: 29975792 PMCID: PMC6431081 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0817-333rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins are a family of architectural transcription factors, with HMGA1 playing a role in the regulation of genes involved in promoting systemic inflammatory responses. We speculated that blocking HMGA1-mediated pathways might improve outcomes from sepsis. To investigate HMGA1 further, we developed genetically modified mice expressing a dominant negative (dn) form of HMGA1 targeted to the vasculature. In dnHMGA1 transgenic (Tg) mice, endogenous HMGA1 is present, but its function is decreased due to the mutant transgene. These mice allowed us to specifically study the importance of HMGA1 not only during a purely pro-inflammatory insult of endotoxemia, but also during microbial sepsis induced by implantation of a bacterial-laden fibrin clot into the peritoneum. We found that the dnHMGA1 transgene was only present in Tg and not wild-type (WT) littermate mice, and the mutant transgene was able to interact with transcription factors (such as NF-κB), but was not able to bind DNA. Tg mice exhibited a blunted hypotensive response to endotoxemia, and less mortality in microbial sepsis. Moreover, Tg mice had a reduced inflammatory response during sepsis, with decreased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into tissues, which was associated with reduced expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Collectively, these data suggest that targeted expression of a dnHMGA1 transgene is able to improve outcomes in models of endotoxin exposure and microbial sepsis, in part by modulating the immune response and suggest a novel modifiable pathway to target therapeutics in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ana P. Castano
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sailaja Ghanta
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461
| | - Silvia Lopez-Guzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alvaro Andres Macias
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bonna Ith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott L. Schissel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raymond Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Biosciences, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Matthew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Riquelme SA, Carreño LJ, Espinoza JA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Alvarez-Lobos MM, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Modulation of antigen processing by haem-oxygenase 1. Implications on inflammation and tolerance. Immunology 2016; 149:1-12. [PMID: 26938875 PMCID: PMC4981612 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of haem that can suppress inflammation, through the production of carbon monoxide (CO). It has been shown in several experimental models that genetic and pharmacological induction of HO-1, as well as non-toxic administration of CO, can reduce inflammatory diseases, such as endotoxic shock, type 1 diabetes and graft rejection. Recently, it was shown that the HO-1/CO system can alter the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and reduce T-cell priming, which can be beneficial during immune-driven inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which the HO-1 and CO reduce both APC- and T-cell-driven immunity are just beginning to be elucidated. In this article we discuss recent findings related to the immune regulatory capacity of HO-1 and CO at the level of recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell priming by APCs. Finally, we propose a possible regulatory role for HO-1 and CO over the recently described mitochondria-dependent immunity. These concepts could contribute to the design of new therapeutic tools for inflammation-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Riquelme
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), Science and Technology Center (CCT) of Mendoza, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel M Alvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tsoyi K, Geldart AM, Christou H, Liu X, Chung SW, Perrella MA. Elk-3 is a KLF4-regulated gene that modulates the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:171-80. [PMID: 25351511 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0214-087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ETS family proteins play a role in immune responses. A unique member of this family, Elk-3, is a transcriptional repressor that regulates the expression of HO-1. Elk-3 is very sensitive to the effects of inflammatory mediators and is down-regulated by bacterial endotoxin (LPS). In the present study, exposure of mouse macrophages to Escherichia coli LPS resulted in decreased, full-length, and splice-variant isoforms of Elk-3. We isolated the Elk-3 promoter and demonstrated that LPS also decreased promoter activity. The Elk-3 promoter contains GC-rich regions that are putative binding sites for zinc-finger transcription factors, such as Sp1 and KLFs. Mutation of the GC-rich region from bp -613 to -603 blunted LPS-induced down-regulation of the Elk-3 promoter. Similar to the LPS response, coexpression of KLF4 led to repression of Elk-3 promoter activity, whereas coexpression of Sp1 increased activity. ChIP assays revealed that KLF4 binding to the Elk-3 promoter was increased by LPS exposure, and Sp1 binding was decreased. Thus, down-regulation of Elk-3 by bacterial LPS is regulated, in part, by the transcriptional repressor KLF4. Overexpression of Elk-3, in the presence of E. coli bacteria, resulted in decreased macrophage phagocytosis. To determine whether limited expression of HO-1 may contribute to this response, we exposed HO-1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages to E. coli and found a comparable reduction in bacterial phagocytosis. These data suggest that down-regulation of Elk-3 and the subsequent induction of HO-1 are important for macrophage function during the inflammatory response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Adriana M Geldart
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Dios S, Balseiro P, Costa MM, Romero A, Boltaña S, Roher N, Mackenzie S, Figueras A, Novoa B. The involvement of cholesterol in sepsis and tolerance to lipopolysaccharide highlighted by the transcriptome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2014; 11:421-33. [PMID: 25181277 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units due to an aggressive inflammatory response that leads to multiple organ failure. However, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance phenomenon (a nonreaction to LPS), is also often described. Neither the inflammatory response nor the tolerance is completely understood. In this work, both of these responses were analyzed using microarrays in zebrafish. Fish that were 4 or 6 days postfertilization (dpf) and received a lethal dose (LD) of LPS exhibited 100% mortality in a few days. Their transcriptome profile, even at 4 dpf, resembled the profile in humans with severe sepsis. Moreover, we selected 4-dpf fish to set up a tolerance protocol: fish treated with a nonlethal concentration of Escherichia coli LPS exhibited complete protection against the LD of LPS. Most of the main inflammatory molecules described in mammals were represented in the zebrafish microarray experiments. Additionally and focusing on this tolerance response, the use of cyclodextrins may mobilize cholesterol reservoirs to decrease mortality after a LD dose of LPS. Therefore, it is possible that the use of the whole animal could provide some clues to enhance the understanding of the inflammatory/tolerance response and to guide drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dios
- 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Vigo, Spain
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Kong WN, Lei YH, Chang YZ. The regulation of iron metabolism in the mononuclear phagocyte system. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 6:411-8. [PMID: 23991927 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2013.814840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The daily iron absorption and loss are small and iron metabolism in human is characterized by a limited external exchange and by an efficient reutilization of iron from internal sources. The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) plays a key role in recycling iron from hemoglobin of senescent or damaged erythrocytes, which is important in maintaining iron homeostasis. Many iron-related proteins are expressed in the MPS, including heme oxygenase (HO) for heme degradation, the iron importer transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1), the iron exporter ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control the regulation of iron metabolism proteins in the MPS will deepen our understanding about the molecular mechanism of iron homeostasis and iron-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, P. R. China
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Ma X, You X, Zeng Y, He J, Liu L, Deng Z, Jiang C, Wu H, Zhu C, Yu M, Wu Y. Mycoplasma fermentans MALP-2 induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via mitogen-activated protein kinases and Nrf2 pathways to modulate cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human monocytes. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:827-34. [PMID: 23536693 PMCID: PMC3675981 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00716-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation that confers cytoprotection against oxidative injury and performs a vital function in the maintenance of cell hemostasis. Increasing numbers of reports have indicated that mycoplasma-derived membrane lipoproteins/lipopeptides, such as macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2), function as agents that stimulate the immune system by producing various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which play roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses during mycoplasma infection. Here, we report that MALP-2 induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression and upregulated HO-1 enzyme activity in THP-1 cells. Specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125, significantly abolished HO-1 expression. In addition, MALP-2 also induced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, and the silencing of Nrf2 expression in THP-1 cells decreased the levels of MALP-2-mediated HO-1 expression. Furthermore, COX-2 protein expression levels were upregulated in THP-1 cells in response to MALP-2, and transfection with small interfering RNAs of HO-1 significantly increased COX-2 accumulation. These results demonstrate that MALP-2 induces HO-1 expression via MAPKs and Nrf2 pathways and, furthermore, that MALP-2-induced COX-2 expression was modulated by HO-1 in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liangzhuan Liu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuanhao Jiang
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Minjun Yu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Gregg J, Fraizer G. Transcriptional Regulation of EGR1 by EGF and the ERK Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:900-9. [PMID: 22593802 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911431885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The early growth response gene 1, EGR1, is an important transcriptional regulator and acts as the convergent point between a variety of extracellular stimuli and activation of target genes. Unlike other tumor types, prostate tumors express high levels of EGR1 relative to normal tissues. However, the mechanism of EGR1 regulation in prostate tumor cells is unknown. As EGR1 expression and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling are frequently upregulated in prostate tumors, we tested the hypothesis that EGF induces EGR1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Using RT-PCR to quantify EGR1 transcripts, we found that EGF induced EGR1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and the ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, abrogated the EGF-mediated EGR1 response in LNCaP and PC3 cells. Analysis of the EGR1 promoter using deletion constructs identified an EGF-responsive region in the proximal promoter (-771 to -245 bp) containing 3 potential serum response element (SRE) sites. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Elk-1 binding at the SRE sites of the EGR1 promoter was enhanced by EGF treatment in PC3 cells. Overexpression of Elk-1 was sufficient to activate the EGF-responsive region of EGR1 promoter in PC3 cells and, similarly, a dominant-negative Elk-1 suppressed EGR1 promoter activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that EGR1 expression in PC3 cells is mediated through an EGF-ERK-Elk-1 signaling cascade.
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Chen IC, Wu YR, Yang SJ, Kao SH, Chen YC, Chang KH, Lee CM, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. ATXN8 -62 G/A promoter polymorphism and risk of Taiwanese Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:1462-9. [PMID: 22577844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We recently reported a novel -62 G/A polymorphism within ataxin 8 (ATXN8) gene promoter region, with -62 G displaying significantly higher luciferase activity compared with -62 A. Phenotypic variability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) has been suggested, and large SCA8 repeats were found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to investigate the association of ATXN8 -62 G/A polymorphism with the risk of Taiwanese PD, and identify the trans-acting factor modulating the ATXN8 promoter activity. METHODS A case-control study in a cohort of 569 PD cases and 547 ethnically matched controls was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. The trans-acting factor binding to the ATXN8 promoter was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay, cDNA co-transfection and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS When genotype distribution was calculated by comparing the rare AA genotype with the GG + GA genotypes (recessive model), a significant difference was found (P = 0.035, 1 df). Individuals carrying AA genotype exhibited a decreased risk of developing PD (odds ratio: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55-0.98, P = 0.035). After stratification by age, individuals over 60 years of age carrying AA genotype demonstrated a further decrease in the risk of developing PD (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.96, P = 0.030). ChIP-PCR and cDNA over-expression revealed that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha binds to the ATXN8 proximal promoter to upregulate ATXN8 expression in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ATXN8 -62 G/A polymorphism plays a role in Taiwanese PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-C Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Chung SW, Kwon MY, Kang YH, Chung HT, Lee SJ, Kim HP, Perrella MA. Transforming growth factor-β1 suppression of endotoxin-induced heme oxygenase-1 in macrophages involves activation of Smad2 and downregulation of Ets-2. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:351-60. [PMID: 21437904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a cytoprotective molecule that is induced during the response to injury. An increase in HO-1 is an acute indicator of inflammation, and early induction of HO-1 has been suggested to correlate with severity of injury. While a great deal is known about the induction of HO-1 by inflammatory mediators and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), much less is known about the effects of anti-inflammatory mediators on HO-1 expression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is known to play a critical role in suppressing the immune response, and the TGF-β1 isoform is expressed in inflammatory cells. Thus, we wanted to investigate whether TGF-β1 could inhibit the expression of HO-1 during exposure to an inflammatory stimulus in macrophages. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β1 is able to downregulate LPS-induced HO-1 in mouse macrophages, and this reduction in HO-1 occurred through signaling of TGF-β1 via its type I receptor, and activation of Smad2. This TGF-β1 response is dependent on an intact Ets-binding site (EBS) located 93 base pairs upstream from the mouse HO-1 transcription start site. This EBS is known to be important for Ets-2 transactivation of HO-1 by LPS stimulation, and we show that TGF-β1 is able to suppress LPS-induced Ets-2 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages. Moreover, silencing of Smad2 is able to prevent the suppression of both HO-1 and Ets-2 by TGF-β1 during exposure to LPS. These data suggest that the return of HO-1 to basal levels during the resolution of an inflammatory response may involve its downregulation by anti-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wol Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Lytras A, Detillieux K, Cattini PA. Identification of functional CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and Ets protein binding sites in the human chorionic somatomammotropin enhancer sequences. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:179-93. [PMID: 21737519 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human chorionic somatomammotropin (CS) A and B genes (listed as CSH1 and CSH2 in the HUGO database) are highly expressed in placenta. A 241 bp potent enhancer, nucleotides (nts) 1-241, located at the 3' end of the CS-B gene (CS-Benh) stimulates promoter activity specifically in placental trophoblast cells in vitro. Strong activity is exerted by a 23 bp element within the CS-Benh (nts 117-139), shown to interact with transcription enhancer factor (TEF) members of the transcription enhancer activator (TEA) DNA-binding domain-containing family. An identical TEF element is present in the homologous (97.5%) CS-Aenh; however, a few nucleotide differences suppress its activity. Previously, we identified regulatory sequences distinct from the TEF element within an 80 bp modulatory domain (nts 1-80) in the CS-Benh. Using structural and functional assays we now show that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding sites exist in the 80 bp modulatory domains of both enhancers, and an Elk-1 binding site exists in the modulatory domain of the CS-Aenh. C/EBPα or C/EBPβ strongly repressed CSp.CAT activity but stimulated CSp.CAT.CS-Benh activity. In contrast, the equivalent CS-A enhancer sequences were unable to relieve promoter repression. Elk-1 overexpression also resulted in differential effects on the CS-Aenh versus CS-Benh. Finally, we provide evidence for the association of C/EBPβ with the CS-A and CS-B genes in human placental chromatin, including differential involvement of C/EBPβ with the CS-Aenh versus the CS-Benh, and therefore consistent with the notion that these are regions of regulatory significance in vivo. We conclude that members of the C/EBP and Ets families can differentially modulate CS-Benh and CS-Aenh activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Lytras
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Room 444, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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