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D'Uonnolo G, Reynders N, Meyrath M, Abboud D, Uchański T, Laeremans T, Volkman BF, Janji B, Hanson J, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. The Extended N-Terminal Domain Confers Atypical Chemokine Receptor Properties to CXCR3-B. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868579. [PMID: 35720349 PMCID: PMC9198273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and activation. CXCR3 exists as two main isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, resulting from alternative splicing. Although the two isoforms differ only by the presence of an N-terminal extension in CXCR3-B, they have been attributed divergent functional effects on cell migration and proliferation. CXCR3-B is the more enigmatic isoform and the mechanisms underlying its function and signaling remain elusive. We therefore undertook an in-depth cellular and molecular comparative study of CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, investigating their activation at different levels of the signaling cascades, including G protein coupling, β-arrestin recruitment and modulation of secondary messengers as well as their downstream gene response elements. We also compared the subcellular localization of the two isoforms and their trafficking under resting and stimulated conditions along with their ability to internalize CXCR3-related chemokines. Here, we show that the N-terminal extension of CXCR3-B drastically affects receptor features, modifying its cellular localization and preventing G protein coupling, while preserving β-arrestin recruitment and chemokine uptake capacities. Moreover, we demonstrate that gradual truncation of the N terminus leads to progressive recovery of surface expression and G protein coupling. Our study clarifies the molecular basis underlying the divergent effects of CXCR3 isoforms, and emphasizes the β-arrestin-bias and the atypical nature of CXCR3-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathan Reynders
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Meyrath
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Uchański
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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2
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Celle A, Esteves P, Cardouat G, Beaufils F, Eyraud E, Dupin I, Maurat E, Lacomme S, Ousova O, Begueret H, Thumerel M, Marthan R, Girodet PO, Berger P, Trian T. Rhinovirus infection of bronchial epithelium induces specific bronchial smooth muscle cell migration of severe asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:104-113. [PMID: 35143808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma show an increase in both exacerbation frequency and bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass. Rhinovirus (RV) infection of the bronchial epithelium (BE) is the main trigger of asthma exacerbations. Histological analysis of biopsies shows that a close connection between BE and hypertrophic BSM is a criterion for severity of asthma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that RV infection of BE specifically increases asthmatic BSM cell migration. METHODS Serum samples, biopsies or BSM cells were obtained from 86 patients with severe asthma and 31 non-asthmatic subjects. BE cells from non-asthmatic subjects were cultured in an air-liquid interface and exposed to RV-16. Migration of BSM cells was assessed in response to BE supernatant using chemotaxis assays. Chemokine concentrations were analyzed by transcriptomics and ELISAs. Immunocytochemistry, western blotting and flow cytometry were used to quantify CXCR3 isoform distribution. CXCR3 downstream signaling pathways were assessed by calcium imaging and western blots. RESULTS BSM cells from severe asthmatic patients specifically migrated toward RV-infected BE, whereas those from non-asthmatic subjects did not. This specific migration is driven by BE CXCL10, which was increased in vitro in response to RV infection as well as in vivo in serum from exacerbating patients with severe asthma. The mechanism is related to both decreased expression and activation of the CXCR3-B-specific isoform in severe asthmatic BSM cells. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated a novel mechanism of BSM remodeling in severe asthmatic patients following RV exacerbation. This study highlights the CXCL10/CXCR3-A axis as a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Celle
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Cardouat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Edmée Eyraud
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Lacomme
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olga Ousova
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugues Begueret
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Roger Marthan
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, Service de chirurgie, CIC 1401
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Tang Z, Gao J, Wu J, Zeng G, Liao Y, Song Z, Liang X, Hu J, Hu Y, Liu M, Li N. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate pulmonary fibrosis via regulatory T cell through interaction with macrophage. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:397. [PMID: 34256845 PMCID: PMC8278716 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a growing clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hucMSC) therapy is being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of PF patients. However, little is known about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of hucMSC therapy on PF. In this study, the molecular and cellular behavior of hucMSC was investigated in a bleomycin-induced mouse PF model. METHODS The effect of hucMSCs on mouse lung regeneration was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and EdU incorporation in alveolar type 2 (AT2) and lung fibroblast cells. hucMSCs were transfected to express the membrane localized GFP before transplant into the mouse lung. The cellular behavior of hucMSCs in mouse lung was tracked by GFP staining. Single cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of hucMSCs on gene expression profiles of macrophages after bleomycin treatment. RESULTS hucMSCs could alleviate collagen accumulation in lung and decrease the mortality of mouse induced by bleomycin. hucMSC transplantation promoted AT2 cell proliferation and inhibited lung fibroblast cell proliferation. By using single cell RNA sequencing, a subcluster of interferon-sensitive macrophages (IFNSMs) were identified after hucMSC infusion. These IFNSMs elevate the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 following hucMSC infusion and recruit more Treg cells to the injured lung. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes a link between hucMSCs, macrophage, Treg, and PF. It provides new insights into how hucMSCs interact with macrophage during the repair process of bleomycin-induced PF and play its immunoregulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Tang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiao Gao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Song
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Muyun Liu
- National-Local Associated Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Cell Therapy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Nozaki E, Kobayashi T, Ohnishi H, Ohtsuka K, Masaki T, Watanabe T, Sugiyama M. C-X-C motif receptor 3A enhances proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells, and is mediated by C-X-C motif ligand 10. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2495-2501. [PMID: 32194750 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 have been demonstrated to be implicated in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. CXCR3 has three splice variants: CXCR3A, CXCR3B and CXCR3-alt. CXCR3A and B serve multiple roles in the growth and invasiveness of a number of cancer types. However, the roles of CXCR3 isoforms in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remain unclear. In the current study, the effects of CXCL10 and CXCR3 isoforms on proliferation and invasion of CRC cells was examined. Proliferation and invasiveness of the CRC cell line HCT116, which were transfected with CXCR3A or CXCR3B in the presence of CXCL10, were evaluated in vitro using MTT, scratch wound healing and transwell assays. MTT assay indicated that regardless of the presence or absence of CXCL10, the proliferative ability of CXCR3A-transfected HCT116 cells was enhanced compared with blank and mock cells. Scratch wound healing and transwell assays indicated that invasiveness of CXCR3A-transfected cells was greater compared with blank and mock cells. However, HCT116 cells transfected with CXCR3B did not exhibit changes in their proliferative or invasive ability. mRNA expression of MMP9, which is associated with signaling downstream of the CXCL10/CXCR3A pathway, was increased 4-fold in CXCR3A-transfected HCT116 cells compared with control cells. The results of the present study indicated that CXCL10-enhanced proliferation and invasiveness of the CRC cell line HCT116 was likely mediated by CXCR3A, but not by CXCR3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nozaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kouki Ohtsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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5
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Gao J, Wu L, Wang S, Chen X. Role of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 (CXCL10) in Renal Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6194864. [PMID: 32089645 PMCID: PMC7025113 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), exerts biological function mainly through binding to its specific receptor, CXCR3. Studies have shown that renal resident mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, endothelial cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells express CXCL10 and CXCR3 under inflammatory conditions. In the last few years, strong experimental and clinical evidence has indicated that CXCL10 is involved in the development of renal diseases through the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells and facilitation of cell growth and angiostatic effects. In addition, CXCL10 has been shown to be a significant biomarker of disease severity, and it can be used as a prognostic indicator for a variety of renal diseases, such as renal allograft dysfunction and lupus nephritis. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological functions of CXCL10 and CXCR3, focusing on the important role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, and provide a theoretical basis for CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
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6
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Bikfalvi A, Billottet C. The CC and CXC chemokines: major regulators of tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C542-C554. [PMID: 31913695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00378.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of soluble cytokines that act as chemoattractants to guide the migration of cells, in particular of immune cells. However, chemokines are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer, and metastasis. This review discusses the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and their supportive and inhibitory roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. We also specially focus on the diverse roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL9-11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1) and their two chemokine receptor CXCR3 isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. These two distinct isoforms have divergent roles in tumors, either promoting (CXCR3-A) or inhibiting (CXCR3-B) tumor progression. Their effects are mediated not only directly in tumor cells but also indirectly via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. A full comprehension of their mechanisms of action is critical to further validate these chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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7
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Flores RJ, Kelly AJ, Li Y, Chen X, McGee C, Krailo M, Barkauskas DA, Hicks J, Man TK. The prognostic significance of circulating serum amyloid A and CXC chemokine ligand 4 in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26659. [PMID: 28544777 PMCID: PMC5695860 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common pediatric bone cancer. Despite advances in treatment regimens, the survival rate remains 60-70%. There is an urgent need to identify prognostic biomarkers, so that targeted therapies can be developed to improve the outcome. PROCEDURE Our laboratory has previously identified that circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) and CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) are upregulated in patients with OS. In this study, we tested if they could be used as prognostic biomarkers. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure their concentrations in serum samples (n = 233) and immunohistochemistry to examine their expressions in primary tumors (n = 37). Prognostic significance of the serum concentrations and tumor expressions of the biomarkers was then evaluated. RESULTS Patients with "high SAA" and "low CXCL4" circulating levels at diagnosis significantly correlated with a worse outcome (HR = 1.68, P = 0.014), which was independent of the metastatic status. These patients also exhibited a significantly higher rate of poor histologic response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, low tumor expression of CXCL4 correlated with poor survival (HR = 3.57, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that circulating SAA and CXCL4 may serve as prognostic biomarkers in OS. Targeting CXCL4 has been reported, suggesting that it may be exploited as a therapeutic target in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Flores
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aaron J. Kelly
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yiting Li
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiang Chen
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Colin McGee
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mark Krailo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033,Children’s Oncology Group. 222 E. Huntington Drive, Suite 100, Monrovia, CA 91016
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033,Children’s Oncology Group. 222 E. Huntington Drive, Suite 100, Monrovia, CA 91016
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital. 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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8
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Windmüller C, Zech D, Avril S, Boxberg M, Dawidek T, Schmalfeldt B, Schmitt M, Kiechle M, Bronger H. CXCR3 mediates ascites-directed tumor cell migration and predicts poor outcome in ovarian cancer patients. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e331. [PMID: 28504691 PMCID: PMC5523062 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraabdominal tumor dissemination is a major hallmark of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The CXCR3 chemokine receptor supports migration of tumor cells to metastatic sites, but its role in ovarian cancer metastasis is largely unknown. Herein, we first screened two independent cohorts of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs, discovery set n=60, validation set n=117) and 102 metastatic lesions for CXCR3 expression. In primary tumors, CXCR3 was particularly overexpressed by tumor cells at the invasive front. In intraabdominal metastases, tumor cells revealed a strong CXCR3 expression regardless of its expression in the corresponding primary tumor, suggesting a selection of CXCR3-overexpressing cancer cells into peritoneal niches. In support of this, CXCR3 mediated the migration of tumor cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 toward malignant ascites, which was inhibited by a monoclonal anti-CXCR3 antibody in vitro. These results were prospectively validated in ascites-derived tumor cells from EOC patients ex vivo (n=9). Moreover, tumor cell-associated overexpression of CXCR3 in advanced ovarian cancer patients was associated with a reduced progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), which remained independent of optimal debulking, age, FIGO stage and lymph node involvement (PFS: hazard ratio (HR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.45, P=0.003; OS: HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.50–3.71, P<0.001). These results in ovarian cancer patients identify CXCR3 as a potential new target to confine peritoneal spread in ovarian cancer after primary cytoreductive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Windmüller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Zech
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Avril
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Boxberg
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Dawidek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schmitt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H Bronger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Wang HJ, Zhou Y, Liu RM, Qin YS, Cen YH, Hu LY, Wang SM, Hu ZJ. IP-10/CXCR3 Axis Promotes the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through ERK1/2/CREB Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:139-147. [PMID: 28111710 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is one of the main pathological processes leading to atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia after vascular interventional therapy. Our previous study has shown that interferon-γ inducible protein-10 contributes to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, serine/threonine kinase Akt, and cAMP response element binding protein are signaling pathways, which are considered to play important roles in the processes of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, chemokine receptor 3 and Toll-like receptor 4 are potential receptors of inducible protein-10 in this process. In the present study, IP-10 was found to directly induce vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and exposure to inducible protein-10 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, serine/threonine kinase, and cAMP response element binding protein signaling. Inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, rather than inhibitor of serine/threonine kinase, inhibited the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and reduced inducible protein-10-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Knockdown of cAMP response element binding protein by siRNA inhibited inducible protein-10-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, anti-CXCR3 IgG, instead of anti-Toll-like receptor 4 IgG, reduced inducible protein-10-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and inducible protein-10-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and cAMP response element binding protein activation. Together, these results indicate that inducible protein-10 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via chemokine receptor 3 and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inducible protein-10-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. These data provide important targets for future studies to modulate atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guanghzou, 510800, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Sen Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying-Huan Cen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ling-Yu Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shen-Ming Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zuo-Jun Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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10
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O'Beirne SL, Walsh SM, Fabre A, Reviriego C, Worrell JC, Counihan IP, Lumsden RV, Cramton-Barnes J, Belperio JA, Donnelly SC, Boylan D, Marchal-Sommé J, Kane R, Keane MP. CXCL9 Regulates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2788-96. [PMID: 26268659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT), whereby fully differentiated epithelial cells transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). CXCR3 and its ligands are recognized to play a protective role in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the presence and extent of EMT and CXCR3 expression in human IPF surgical lung biopsies and assessed whether CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL9 modulate EMT in alveolar epithelial cells. Coexpression of the epithelial marker thyroid transcription factor-1 and the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin and CXCR3 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of IPF surgical lung biopsies. Epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells treated with TGF-β1 and CXCL9, with Smad2, Smad3, and Smad7 expression and cellular localization examined by Western blotting. We found that significantly more cells were undergoing EMT in fibrotic versus normal areas of lung in IPF surgical lung biopsy samples. CXCR3 was expressed by type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts in fibrotic areas in close proximity to cells undergoing EMT. In vitro, CXCL9 abrogated TGF-β1-induced EMT. A decrease in TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 occurred with CXCL9 treatment. This was associated with increased shuttling of Smad7 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it inhibits Smad phosphorylation. This suggests a role for EMT in the pathogenesis of IPF and provides a novel mechanism for the inhibitory effects of CXCL9 on TGF-β1-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L O'Beirne
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Walsh
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carlota Reviriego
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Julie C Worrell
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ian P Counihan
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Robert V Lumsden
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Cramton-Barnes
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John A Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Denise Boylan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joëlle Marchal-Sommé
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 700, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Universite Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Rosemary Kane
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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11
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Tomankova T, Kriegova E, Liu M. Chemokine receptors and their therapeutic opportunities in diseased lung: far beyond leukocyte trafficking. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L603-18. [PMID: 25637606 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00203.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors and their chemokine ligands, key mediators of inflammatory and immune cell trafficking, are involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes in the lung. The discovery that chemokine receptors/chemokines, typically expressed by inflammatory and immune cells, are also expressed in structural lung tissue cells suggests their role in mediating the restoration of lung tissue structure and functions. Thus, chemokine receptors/chemokines contribute not only to inflammatory and immune responses in the lung but also play a critical role in the regulation of lung tissue repair, regeneration, and remodeling. This review aims to summarize current state-of-the-art on chemokine receptors and their ligands in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma/allergy, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung infection. Furthermore, the therapeutic opportunities of chemokine receptors in aforementioned lung diseases are discussed. The review also aims to delineate the potential contribution of chemokine receptors to the processes leading to repair/regeneration of the lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Tomankova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Physiology, Surgery, and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Guan XH, Fu QC, Shi D, Bu HL, Song ZP, Xiong BR, Shu B, Xiang HB, Xu B, Manyande A, Cao F, Tian YK. Activation of spinal chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates bone cancer pain through an Akt-ERK crosstalk pathway in rats. Exp Neurol 2015; 263:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Lunardi S, Jamieson NB, Lim SY, Griffiths KL, Carvalho-Gaspar M, Al-Assar O, Yameen S, Carter RC, McKay CJ, Spoletini G, D'Ugo S, Silva MA, Sansom OJ, Janssen KP, Muschel RJ, Brunner TB. IP-10/CXCL10 induction in human pancreatic cancer stroma influences lymphocytes recruitment and correlates with poor survival. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11064-80. [PMID: 25415223 PMCID: PMC4294325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant desmoplastic reaction driven by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that contributes to tumor progression. Here we sought to characterize the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and PSCs that affect the inflammatory and immune response in pancreatic tumors. Conditioned media from mono- and cocultures of PSCs and PCCs were assayed for expression of cytokines and growth factors. IP-10/CXCL10 was the most highly induced chemokine in coculture of PSCs and PCCs. Its expression was induced in the PSCs by PCCs. IP-10 was elevated in human PDAC specimens, and positively correlated with high stroma content. Furthermore, gene expression of IP-10 and its receptor CXCR3 were significantly associated with the intratumoral presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In an independent cohort of 48 patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high IP-10 expression levels correlated with decreased median overall survival. Finally, IP-10 stimulated the ex vivo recruitment of CXCR3+ effector T cells as well as CXCR3+ Tregs derived from patients with PDAC. Our findings suggest that, in pancreatic cancer, CXCR3+ Tregs can be recruited by IP-10 expressed by PSCs in the tumor stroma, leading to immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lunardi
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Su Yin Lim
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manuela Carvalho-Gaspar
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Osama Al-Assar
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sabira Yameen
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ross C. Carter
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Spoletini
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano D'Ugo
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Silva
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 81675 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. Brunner
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Mechanical ventilation-associated lung fibrosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a significant contributor to poor outcome. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:189-98. [PMID: 24732023 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most challenging problems in critical care medicine is the management of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Increasing evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that mechanical ventilation, which is necessary for life support in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, can cause lung fibrosis, which may significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. The role of mechanical stress as an inciting factor for lung fibrosis versus its role in lung homeostasis and the restoration of normal pulmonary parenchymal architecture is poorly understood. In this review, the authors explore recent advances in the field of pulmonary fibrosis in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome, concentrating on its relevance to the practice of mechanical ventilation, as commonly applied by anesthetists and intensivists. The authors focus the discussion on the thesis that mechanical ventilation-or more specifically, that ventilator-induced lung injury-may be a major contributor to lung fibrosis. The authors critically appraise possible mechanisms underlying the mechanical stress-induced lung fibrosis and highlight potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate this fibrosis.
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15
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Billottet C, Quemener C, Bikfalvi A. CXCR3, a double-edged sword in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:287-95. [PMID: 23994549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokines are involved in chemotaxis, regulation of cell growth, induction of apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1 are members of the CXC chemokine family, which bind to the CXCR3 receptor to exert their biological effects. These chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer and metastasis. In this review, we focus on accumulating evidence demonstrating the pivotal role of CXCR3 in tumor progression. Its effects are mediated directly in tumor cells or indirectly through the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. Understanding the emerging role of CXCR3 and its signaling mechanisms further validates this receptor as a biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis.
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16
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17
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Wang J, Nikrad MP, Travanty EA, Zhou B, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Nahreini P, Hartshorn K, Wentworth D, Dinarello CA, Mason RJ. Innate immune response of human alveolar macrophages during influenza A infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29879. [PMID: 22396727 PMCID: PMC3292548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are one of the key cell types for initiating inflammatory and immune responses to influenza virus in the lung. However, the genome-wide changes in response to influenza infection in AM have not been defined. We performed gene profiling of human AM in response to H1N1 influenza A virus PR/8 using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 chips and verified the changes at both mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. We confirmed the response with a contemporary H3N2 influenza virus A/New York/238/2005 (NY/238). To understand the local cellular response, we also evaluated the impact of paracrine factors on virus-induced chemokine and cytokine secretion. In addition, we investigated the changes in the expression of macrophage receptors and uptake of pathogens after PR/8 infection. Although macrophages fail to release a large amount of infectious virus, we observed a robust induction of type I and type III interferons and several cytokines and chemokines following influenza infection. CXCL9, 10, and 11 were the most highly induced chemokines by influenza infection. UV-inactivation abolished virus-induced cytokine and chemokine response, with the exception of CXCL10. The contemporary influenza virus NY/238 infection of AM induced a similar response as PR/8. Inhibition of TNF and/or IL-1β activity significantly decreased the secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8 by over 50%. PR/8 infection also significantly decreased mRNA levels of macrophage receptors including C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), and CD36, and reduced uptake of zymosan. In conclusion, influenza infection induced an extensive proinflammatory response in human AM. Targeting local components of innate immune response might provide a strategy for controlling influenza A infection-induced proinflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
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18
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Romagnani P, Crescioli C. CXCL10: a candidate biomarker in transplantation. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1364-73. [PMID: 22366165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) or C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. This family of signaling molecules is known to control several biological functions and to also play pivotal roles in disease initiation and progression. By binding to its specific cognate receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 critically regulates chemotaxis during several immune-inflammatory processes. In particular, this chemokine controls chemotaxis during the inflammatory response resulting from allograft rejection after transplantation. Interestingly, a strong association has been described between CXCL10 production, immune response and the fate of the graft following allotransplantation. Enhanced CXCL10 production has been observed in recipients of transplants of different organs. This enhanced production likely comes from either the graft or the immune cells and is correlated with an increase in the concentration of circulating CXCL10. Because CXCL10 can be easily measured in the serum and plasma from a patient, the detection and quantitation of circulating CXCL10 could be used to reveal a transplant recipient's immune status. The purpose of this review is to examine the critical role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection following organ transplantation. This important role highlights the potential utilization of CXCL10 not only as a therapeutic target but also as a biomarker to predict the severity of rejection, to monitor the inflammatory status of organ recipients and, hopefully, to fine-tune patient therapy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOthe), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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19
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Liu M, Guo S, Hibbert JM, Jain V, Singh N, Wilson NO, Stiles JK. CXCL10/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:121-30. [PMID: 21802343 PMCID: PMC3203691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is a cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL10 binds CXCR3 receptor to induce chemotaxis, apoptosis, cell growth and angiostasis. Alterations in CXCL10 expression levels have been associated with inflammatory diseases including infectious diseases, immune dysfunction and tumor development. CXCL10 is also recognized as a biomarker that predicts severity of various diseases. A review of the emerging role of CXCL10 in pathogenesis of infectious diseases revealed diverse roles of CXCL10 in disease initiation and progression. The potential utilization of CXCL10 as a therapeutic target for infectious diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Hibbert
- Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vidhan Jain
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Jabalpur, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Jabalpur, India
| | - Nana O. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Stiles
- Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Liu M, Guo S, Stiles JK. The emerging role of CXCL10 in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2011; 2:583-589. [PMID: 22848232 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine interferon-γ inducible protein 10 kDa (CXCL10) is a member of the CXC chemokine family which binds to the CXCR3 receptor to exert its biological effects. CXCL10 is involved in chemotaxis, induction of apoptosis, regulation of cell growth and mediation of angiostatic effects. CXCL10 is associated with a variety of human diseases including infectious diseases, chronic inflammation, immune dysfuntion, tumor development, metastasis and dissemination. More importantly, CXCL10 has been identified as a major biological marker mediating disease severity and may be utilized as a prognostic indicator for various diseases. In this review, we focus on current research elucidating the emerging role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of cancer. Understanding the role of CXCL10 in disease initiation and progression may provide the basis for developing CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for related human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Wang J, Nikrad MP, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Edeen K, Travanty EA, Kosmider B, Hartshorn K, Mason RJ. Innate immune response to influenza A virus in differentiated human alveolar type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:582-91. [PMID: 21239608 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0108oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Type II (ATII) cells are important targets for seasonal and pandemic influenza. To investigate the influenza-induced innate immune response in those cells, we measured the global gene expression profile of highly differentiated ATII cells infected with the influenza A virus at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 at 4 hours and 24 hours after inoculation. Infection with influenza stimulated a significant increase in the mRNA concentrations of many host defense-related genes, including pattern/pathogen recognition receptors, IFN, and IFN-induced genes, chemokines, and suppressors of cytokine signaling. We verified these changes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. At the protein level, we detected a robust virus-induced secretion of the three glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR)-negative chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, according to ELISA. The ultraviolet inactivation of virus abolished the chemokine and cytokine response. Viral infection did not appear to alter the differentiation of ATII cells, as measured by cellular mRNA and concentrations of surfactant proteins. However, viral infection significantly reduced the secretion of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D. In addition, influenza A virus triggered a time-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in ATII cells. The inhibition of this pathway significantly decreased the release of infectious virus and the chemokine response, but did not alter virus-induced cell death. This study provides insights into influenza-induced innate immunity in differentiated human ATII cells, and demonstrates that the alveolar epithelium is a critical part of the initial innate immune response to influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., A448, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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22
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Lo BKK, Yu M, Zloty D, Cowan B, Shapiro J, McElwee KJ. CXCR3/ligands are significantly involved in the tumorigenesis of basal cell carcinomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2435-46. [PMID: 20228225 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy encountered worldwide. We hypothesized that CXC chemokines, small cytokines involved in inducing directed leukocyte chemotaxis, could play a key role in the modulation of BCC growth. In this study, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the chemokines CXCL9, 10, 11, and their receptor CXCR3 were significantly upregulated by an average 22.6-fold, 9.2-fold, 26.6-fold, and 4.9-fold, respectively in BCC tissue samples as compared with nonlesional skin epithelium. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that CXCR3, CXCL10, and CXCL11, but not CXCL9, colocalized with cytokeratin 17 (K17) in BCC keratinocytes. In addition, CXCR3 and its ligands were expressed in cells of the surrounding BCC stroma. The chemokines and K17 were also expressed in cultured human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes. Exposure of HaCaT cells or primary BCC-derived cells to CXCL11 peptides in vitro significantly increased cell proliferation. In primary BCC-derived cell cultures, addition of CXCL11 progressively selected for K17+/CXCR3+ co-expressing cells over time. The expression of CXCR3 and its ligands in human BCC keratinocytes, the enhancement of keratinocyte cell proliferation by CXCL11, and the homogeneity of K17+ BCC cells in human BCC-isolated cell population supported by CXCR3/CXCL11 signaling all suggest that CXCR3 and its ligands may be important autocrine and/or paracrine signaling mediators in the tumorigenesis of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Ka Ki Lo
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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