1
|
Du R, Li K, Guo K, Chen Z, Han L, Bian H. FSTL1: A double-edged sword in cancer development. Gene 2024; 906:148263. [PMID: 38346455 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Flolistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1), a secreted glycoprotein that is involved in many physiological functions, has attracted much interest and has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including heart diseases and inflammatory diseases. In recent years, the involvement of FSTL1 in cancer progression has been implicated and researched. FSTL1 plays a contradictory role in cancer, depending on the cancer type as well as the contents of the tumor microenvironment. As reviewed here, the structure and distribution of FSTL1 are first introduced. Subsequently, the expression and clinical significance of FSTL1 in various types of cancer as a tumor enhancer or inhibitor are addressed. Furthermore, we discuss the functional role of FSTL1 in various processes that involve tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, immune responses, stemness, cell apoptosis, and resistance to chemotherapy. FSTL1 expression is tightly controlled in cancer, and a multitude of cancer-related signaling cascades like TGF-β/BMP/Smad signaling, AKT, NF-κB, and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways are modulated by FSTL1. Finally, FSTL1 as a therapeutic target using monoclonal antibodies is stated. Herein, we review recent findings showing the double-edged characteristics and mechanisms of FSTL1 in cancer and elaborate on the current understanding of therapeutic approaches targeting FSTL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Du
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kelei Guo
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Hua Bian
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, Henan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He M, Borlak J. A genomic perspective of the aging human and mouse lung with a focus on immune response and cellular senescence. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:58. [PMID: 37932771 PMCID: PMC10626779 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging lung is a complex process and influenced by various stressors, especially airborne pathogens and xenobiotics. Additionally, a lifetime exposure to antigens results in structural and functional changes of the lung; yet an understanding of the cell type specific responses remains elusive. To gain insight into age-related changes in lung function and inflammaging, we evaluated 89 mouse and 414 individual human lung genomic data sets with a focus on genes mechanistically linked to extracellular matrix (ECM), cellular senescence, immune response and pulmonary surfactant, and we interrogated single cell RNAseq data to fingerprint cell type specific changes. RESULTS We identified 117 and 68 mouse and human genes linked to ECM remodeling which accounted for 46% and 27%, respectively of all ECM coding genes. Furthermore, we identified 73 and 31 mouse and human genes linked to cellular senescence, and the majority code for the senescence associated secretory phenotype. These cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are primarily secreted by macrophages and fibroblasts. Single-cell RNAseq data confirmed age-related induced expression of marker genes of macrophages, neutrophil, eosinophil, dendritic, NK-, CD4+, CD8+-T and B cells in the lung of aged mice. This included the highly significant regulation of 20 genes coding for the CD3-T-cell receptor complex. Conversely, for the human lung we primarily observed macrophage and CD4+ and CD8+ marker genes as changed with age. Additionally, we noted an age-related induced expression of marker genes for mouse basal, ciliated, club and goblet cells, while for the human lung, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts marker genes increased with age. Therefore, we infer a change in cellular activity of these cell types with age. Furthermore, we identified predominantly repressed expression of surfactant coding genes, especially the surfactant transporter Abca3, thus highlighting remodeling of surfactant lipids with implications for the production of inflammatory lipids and immune response. CONCLUSION We report the genomic landscape of the aging lung and provide a rationale for its growing stiffness and age-related inflammation. By comparing the mouse and human pulmonary genome, we identified important differences between the two species and highlight the complex interplay of inflammaging, senescence and the link to ECM remodeling in healthy but aged individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun W, Yang X, Chen L, Guo L, Huang H, Liu X, Yang Y, Xu Z. FSTL1 promotes alveolar epithelial cell aging and worsens pulmonary fibrosis by affecting SENP1-mediated DeSUMOylation. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1716-1727. [PMID: 37369969 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence-induced changes of lung mesenchymal cells are key to starting the progress of pulmonary fibrosis. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central regulatory role in the complex process of senescence and pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal pathway activity. Activation of Smad4 and Ras relies on SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1)-mediated deSUMOylation during TGF-β signaling pathway activation. We hypothesized that SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation may be a potential therapeutic target by modulating FSTL1-regulated cellular senescence in pulmonary fibrosis. In verifying this hypothesis, we found that FSTL1 expression was upregulated in the lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and that SENP1 was overexpressed in senescent AECs. TGF-β1-induced FSTL1 not only promoted AEC senescence but also upregulated SENP1 expression. Interfering with SENP1 expression inhibited FSTL1-dependent promotion of AEC senescence and improved pulmonary fibrosis in mouse lungs. FSTL1 enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling pathway activation was dependent on SENP1 in senescent AEC. Our work identifies a novel mechanism by which FSTL1 is involved in AEC senescence. Inhibition of SENP1 in epithelial cells alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by blocking FSTL1-enhanced TGF signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu P, Kong L, Liu Y, Li G, Xie J, Lu X. A key driver to promote HCC: Cellular crosstalk in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135122. [PMID: 37007125 PMCID: PMC10050394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third greatest cause of cancer-related mortality, which of the major pathological type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for more than 90%. HCC is characterized by high mortality and is predisposed to metastasis and relapse, leading to a low five-year survival rate and poor clinical prognosis. Numerous crosstalk among tumor parenchymal cells, anti-tumor cells, stroma cells, and immunosuppressive cells contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which the function and frequency of anti-tumor cells are reduced with that of associated pro-tumor cells increasing, accordingly resulting in tumor malignant progression. Indeed, sorting out and understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cellular crosstalk in TME is crucial to discover more key targets and specific biomarkers, so that develop more efficient methods for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of liver cancer. This piece of writing offers insight into the recent advances in HCC-TME and reviews various mechanisms that promote HCC malignant progression from the perspective of mutual crosstalk among different types of cells in TME, aiming to assist in identifying the possible research directions and methods in the future for discovering new targets that could prevent HCC malignant progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Liu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianjia Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao J, Wang H, Ni M, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei S, Liu M, Wang P, Qiu J, Zhang L, Wu C, Shen H, Wang X, Cheng F, Lu L. FSTL1 promotes liver fibrosis by reprogramming macrophage function through modulating the intracellular function of PKM2. Gut 2022; 71:2539-2550. [PMID: 35140065 PMCID: PMC9664121 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is widely recognised as a secreted glycoprotein, but its role in modulating macrophage-related inflammation during liver fibrosis has not been documented. Herein, we aimed to characterise the roles of macrophage FSTL1 in the development of liver fibrosis. DESIGN Expression analysis was conducted with human liver samples obtained from 33 patients with liver fibrosis and 18 individuals without fibrosis serving as controls. Myeloid-specific FSTL1-knockout (FSTL1M-KO) mice were constructed to explore the function and mechanism of macrophage FSTL1 in 3 murine models of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride injection, bile duct ligation or a methionine-deficient and choline-deficient diet. RESULTS FSTL1 expression was significantly elevated in macrophages from fibrotic livers of both humans and mice. Myeloid-specific FSTL1 deficiency effectively attenuated the progression of liver fibrosis. In FSTL1M-KO mice, the microenvironment that developed during liver fibrosis showed relatively less inflammation, as demonstrated by attenuated infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils and decreased expression of proinflammatory factors. FSTL1M-KO macrophages exhibited suppressed proinflammatory M1 polarisation and nuclear factor kappa B pathway activation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, this study showed that, through its FK domain, FSTL1 bound directly to the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Interestingly, FSTL1 promoted PKM2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, reduced PKM2 ubiquitination to enhance PKM2-dependent glycolysis and increased M1 polarisation. Pharmacological activation of PKM2 (DASA-58) partially countered FSTL1-mediated glycolysis and inflammation. CONCLUSION Macrophage FSTL1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis by inducing M1 polarisation and inflammation based on the intracellular PKM2 reprogramming function of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Wei
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation to Autoimmunity in Sjögren's Syndrome: Identification of New Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13229. [PMID: 36362017 PMCID: PMC9658723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorder characterized by the lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and the production of autoantibodies to self-antigens. The involvement of the exocrine glands drives the pathognomonic manifestations of dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia) that define sicca syndrome. To date, the molecular mechanisms mediating pathological salivary gland dysfunction in SS remain to be elucidated, despite extensive studies investigating the underlying cause of this disease, hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Many researchers have identified a multifactorial pathogenesis of SS, including environmental, genetic, neuroendocrine, and immune factors. In this review, we explore the latest developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SS, which have attracted increasing interest in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sisto M, Ribatti D, Ingravallo G, Lisi S. The Expression of Follistatin-like 1 Protein Is Associated with the Activation of the EMT Program in Sjögren’s Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185368. [PMID: 36143013 PMCID: PMC9503234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The activation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a pathological response of the Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) salivary glands epithelial cells (SGEC) to chronic inflammation. Follistatin-like 1 protein (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), actively involved in the modulation of EMT. However, the role of FSTL1 in the EMT program activation in SS has not yet been investigated. Methods: TGF-β1-stimulated healthy human SGEC, SS SGEC, and SS salivary glands (SGs) biopsies were used to assess the effect of FSTL1 on the activation of the EMT program. FSTL1 gene activity was inhibited by the siRNA gene knockdown technique. Results: Here we reported that FSTL1 is up-regulated in SS SGs tissue in a correlated manner with the inflammatory grade. Blockage of FSTL1 gene expression by siRNA negatively modulates the TGF-β1-induced EMT program in vitro. We discovered that these actions were mediated through the modulation of the SMAD2/3-dependent EMT signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the TGF-β1-FSTL1-SMAD2/3 regulatory circuit plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in SS and targeting FSTL1 may be a strategy for the treatment of SGs EMT-dependent fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-080-547-8315; Fax: +39-080-547-8327
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathology Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng X, Zhou X, Ma G, Yu J, Zhang M, Yang C, Hu Y, Ma S, Han Z, Ning W, Jin B, Zhou X, Wang J, Han Y. Endogenous Follistatin-like 1 guarantees the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells during liver fibrotic therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:403. [PMID: 35932064 PMCID: PMC9356430 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to be a promising option for liver fibrosis treatment. However, critical factors affecting the efficacy of MSC therapy for liver fibrosis remain unknown. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a TGF-β-induced matricellular protein, is documented as an intrinsic regulator of proliferation and differentiation in MSCs. In the present study, we characterized the potential role of FSTL1 in MSC-based anti-fibrotic therapy and further elucidated the mechanisms underlying its action. Methods Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. FSTL1low MSCs were achieved by FSTL1 siRNA. Migration capacity was evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assay. A murine liver fibrotic model was created by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection, while control MSCs or FSTL1low MSC were transplanted via intravenous injection 12 weeks post CCl4 injection. Histopathology, liver function, fibrosis degree, and inflammation were analysed thereafter. Inflammatory cell infiltration was evaluated by flow cytometry after hepatic nonparenchymal cell isolation. An MSC-macrophage co-culture system was constructed to further confirm the role of FSTL1 in the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs. RNA sequencing was used to screen target genes of FSTL1. Results FSTL1low MSCs had comparable gene expression for surface markers to wildtype but limited differentiation and migration capacity. FSTL1low MSCs failed to alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model. Our data indicated that FSTL1 is essential for the immunosuppressive action of MSCs on inflammatory macrophages during liver fibrotic therapy. FSTL1 silencing attenuated this capacity by inhibiting the downstream JAK/STAT1/IDO pathway. Conclusions Our data suggest that FSTL1 facilitates the immunosuppression of MSCs on macrophages and that guarantee the anti-fibrotic effect of MSCs in liver fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03042-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yinan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuoyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parola M. Follistatin-like protein 1 and chronic liver disease progression: a novel pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic mediator? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:841. [PMID: 36035001 PMCID: PMC9403930 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Parola
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inoue K, Fujie S, Horii N, Yamazaki H, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced follistatin-like 1 secretion in the skeletal muscle is related to arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15300. [PMID: 35585770 PMCID: PMC9117810 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin‐like 1 (FSTL1), which is mainly secreted from skeletal muscle and myocardium, upregulates protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells. It is unclear whether skeletal muscle‐ and myocardium‐derived FSTL1 secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in the reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. This study aimed to clarify whether aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in myocardium and skeletal muscle is associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial Akt‐eNOS signaling pathway in obese rats. Sixteen Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) obese rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary control (OLETF‐CON) and eight‐week aerobic exercise training (treadmill for 60min at 25m/min, 5days/week, OLETF‐AT). Eight Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as a healthy sedentary control group. In OLETF‐CON, serum FSTL1, arterial Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and arterial nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were significantly lower, and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater than those in LETO. These parameters were improved in the OLETF‐AT compared to the OLETF‐CON. In the OLETF‐AT, FSTL1 levels in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich soleus muscle were significantly greater than those in the OLETF‐CON, but not in myocardium, fast‐twitch fiber‐rich tibialis anterior muscle, and adipose tissue. Serum FSTL1 levels were positively correlated with soleus FSTL1, arterial eNOS phosphorylation, and NOx levels and negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich muscles may be associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henry Yamazaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hong X, Wang L, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu JP. Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Senescence and Senescence-Associated Differentiation Disorders in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050877. [PMID: 35269498 PMCID: PMC8909789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary senescence is accelerated by unresolved DNA damage response, underpinning susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Recently it was reported that the SARS-Cov-2 viral infection induces acute pulmonary epithelial senescence followed by fibrosis, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examine roles of alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence and senescence-associated differentiation disorders in pulmonary fibrosis, exploring the mechanisms mediating and preventing pulmonary fibrogenic crisis. Notably, the TGF-β signalling pathway mediates alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence by mechanisms involving suppression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in pulmonary fibrosis. Alternatively, telomere uncapping caused by stress-induced telomeric shelterin protein TPP1 degradation mediates DNA damage response, pulmonary senescence and fibrosis. However, targeted intervention of cellular senescence disrupts pulmonary remodelling and fibrosis by clearing senescent cells using senolytics or preventing senescence using telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN). Studies indicate that the development of senescence-associated differentiation disorders is reprogrammable and reversible by inhibiting stem cell replicative senescence in pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for targeted intervention of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar stem cell senescence and pulmonary fibrosis. Abbreviations: DPS, developmental programmed senescence; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; OIS, oncogene-induced replicative senescence; SADD, senescence-associated differentiation disorder; SALI, senescence-associated low-grade inflammation; SIPS, stress-induced premature senescence; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TIFs, telomere dysfunction-induced foci; TIS, therapy-induced senescence; VIS, virus-induced senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohamad EA, Mohamed ZN, Hussein MA, Elneklawi MS. GANE can Improve Lung Fibrosis by Reducing Inflammation via Promoting p38MAPK/TGF-β1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Downregulation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3109-3120. [PMID: 35097306 PMCID: PMC8792938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a trend to use nanoparticles as distinct treatments for cancer treatment because they have overcome many of the limitations of traditional drug delivery systems. Gallic acid (GA) is an effective polyphenol in the treatment of tissue injuries. In this study, GA was loaded onto niosomes to produce gallic acid nanoemulsion (GANE) using a green synthesis technique. GANE's efficiency, morphology, UV absorption, release, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were evaluated. An in vitro study was conducted on the A549 lung carcinoma cell line to determine the GANE cytotoxicity. Also, our study was extended to evaluate the protective effect of GANE against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. GANE showed higher encapsulation efficiency and strong absorption at 280 nm. Transmission electron microscopy presented a spherical shape of the prepared nanoparticles, and FTIR demonstrated different spectra for the free gallic acid sample compared to GANE. GANE showed cytotoxicity for the A549 carcinoma lung cell line with a low IC50 value. It was found that oral administration of GANE at 32.8 and 82 mg/kg.b.w. and dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) provided significant protection against LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. GANE enhanced production of superoxide dismutase, GPx, and GSH. It simultaneously reduced the MDA level. The GANE and dexamethasone, induced the production of IL-4, but suppressed TNF-α and IL-6. On the other hand, the lung p38MAPK, TGF-β1, and NF-κB gene expression was downregulated in rats administrated with GANE when compared with the LPS-treated rats. Histological studies confirmed the effective effect of GANE as it had a lung-protective effect against LPS-induced lung fibrosis. It was noticed that GANE can inhibit oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cytokines and downregulate p38MAPK, TGF-β1, and NF-κB gene expression to suppress the proliferation and migration of lung fibrotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam A. Mohamad
- Biophysics
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University Street, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zahraa N. Mohamed
- Medical
Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of October City 28125, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Hussein
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of
October City 28125, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona S. Elneklawi
- Biomedical
Equipment Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of October City 28125, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Loh JJ, Li TW, Zhou L, Wong TL, Liu X, Ma VWS, Lo CM, Man K, Lee TK, Ning W, Tong M, Ma S. FSTL1 Secreted by Activated Fibroblasts Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis and Stemness. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5692-5705. [PMID: 34551961 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in maintaining the immature phenotype of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) to promote cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique disease in that it develops in the setting of fibrosis and cirrhosis. This pathologic state commonly shows an enrichment of stromal myofibroblasts, which constitute the bulk of the tumor microenvironment and contribute to disease progression. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) has been widely reported as a proinflammatory mediator in different fibrosis-related and inflammatory diseases. Here we show FSTL1 expression to be closely correlated with activated fibroblasts and to be elevated in regenerative, fibrotic, and disease liver states in various mouse models. Consistently, FSTL1 lineage cells gave rise to myofibroblasts in a CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model. Clinically, high FSTL1 in fibroblast activation protein-positive (FAP+) fibroblasts were significantly correlated with more advanced tumors in patients with HCC. Although FSTL1 was expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from patients with HCC, it was barely detectable in HCC cell lines. Functional investigations revealed that treatment of HCC cells and patient-derived 3D organoids with recombinant FSTL1 or with conditioned medium collected from hepatic stellate cells or from cells overexpressing FSTL1 could promote HCC growth and metastasis. FSTL1 bound to TLR4 receptor, resulting in activation of AKT/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling. In a preclinical mouse model, blockade of FSTL1 mitigated HCC malignancy and metastasis, sensitized HCC tumors to sorafenib, prolonged survival, and eradicated the TIC subset. Collectively, these data suggest that FSTL1 may serve as an important novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that FSTL1 secreted by activated fibroblasts in the liver microenvironment augments hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy, providing a potential new strategy to improve treatment of this aggressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Wai Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tin-Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Victor W S Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Terence K Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang Y, Yuan Q, Zhao C, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L, Sun Z, Cao J, Luo J, Jiao Y. Targeting USP11 may alleviate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating endothelium tight junction. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:30-40. [PMID: 34705600 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a major side effect after radiotherapy for thoracic malignancies. However, rare anti-RIPF therapeutics show definitive effects for treating this disease. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) has been reported to promote transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling which plays an essential role underlying RIPF. Herein, we explored the role of USP11 on RIPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, USP11-knockout (Usp11-/-) mice were used to explore the effects of USP11 on RIPF. The lung tissue was obtained after receiving 30 Gy X-ray irradiation. The expression of USP11, TGF-β1, and a-SMA was determined by immunohistochemical and Western Blot, respectively. γ-H2AX foci and TUNEL positive cells were detected by fluorescent technique to assess DNA damage and apoptosis. High-throughput proteomic analysis was applied to further explore the related mechanisms. The transwell co-culture method was used to investigate bystander effects in HELF cells induced by irradiated HMEC-1 cells in vitro. RESULTS Here we found that radiation activated USP11 in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that USP11 deficiency effectively decreased serum TGF-β1 level, suppressed α-SMA expression, and mitigated pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, fewer γ-H2AX foci and decreased apoptotic cells were identified after irradiation in the primary cells isolated from the lungs of Usp11-/- mice. High-throughput proteomics analysis results showed that 22-upregulated and 158-downregulated proteins were identified in the lung tissues of Usp11-/- mice after irradiation. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that USP11 deficiency affects the tight junction signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We verified that USP11 deficiency remarkably reinforced tight junction in the endothelial cells and alleviated TGF-β1 to inhibit fibrosis of fibroblast cells. The present study preliminarily showed that USP11-knockout mitigated RIPF via reinforcement endothelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Congzhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu Y, Peng W, Han D, Feng F, Wang Z, Gu C, Zhou X, Wu Q. Maiwei Yangfei decoction prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1306. [PMID: 34630661 PMCID: PMC8461617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maiwei Yangfei (MWYF) is a compound Chinese herb that is safe and effective in the clinical setting in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The aim of the present study was to assess the role of a (MWYF) decoction in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mouse model and to investigate the underlying functional mechanism. Chemical components within the MWYF decoction were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 50 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups with 10 mice per group: Control, model, low dose MWYF (20 g/kg), medium dose MWYF (40 g/kg) and high dose MWYF (60 g/kg). A mouse PF model was established by the tracheal instillation of BLM (5 mg/kg) prior to MWYF treatment, except for mice in the control group. After 21 days of treatment with MWYF, the mice were sacrificed and the body weights were recorded. In addition, pulmonary tissues and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid were collected. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, hydroxyproline, pyridinoline and collagen I levels were determined using ELISA. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, TGF-β1, Smad3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, collagen I and collagen III were determined using western blotting. Vimentin and α-SMA levels were also determined using immunofluorescence analysis. Collagens I and III were detected using immunohistochemical analysis and TGF-β1 and Smad3 levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Following treatment with MWYF decoction, the body weight of the mice in the PF group increased, the degree of pulmonary alveolitis and PF was reduced, collagen levels were reduced and the expression levels of α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin were decreased. Although both protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were reduced, they remained higher than those observed in the control group. To conclude, MWYF decoction delayed the development of BLM-induced PF in mice, where the functional mechanism was likely associated with the TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenpan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Di Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Fanchao Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xi Y, Hao M, Liang Q, Li Y, Gong DW, Tian Z. Dynamic resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 inducing cardiac angiogenesis via DIP2A-Smad2/3 in rats following myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:594-603. [PMID: 33246164 PMCID: PMC8500809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1 (FSTL1), which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction (MI) by inducing angiogenesis. METHODS Male, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12 in each group): sham group (S), sedentary MI group (MI), MI + resistance exercise group (MR), MI + adeno-associated virus (AAV)-FSTL1 injection group (MA), and MI + AAV-FSTL1 injection + resistance exercise group (MAR). The AAV-FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle. The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson's staining. Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1. Angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A) location were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of FSTL1, DIP2A, and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment. One-way analysis of variance and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Resistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1, which promoted myocardial angiogenesis, inhibited pathological remodeling, and protected cardiac function in MI rats. Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart. Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A, while TGFβR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which was not conducive to angiogenesis. FSTL1 bound to the receptor, DIP2A, to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. FSTL1-DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFβR1. CONCLUSION Dynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1, which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Meili Hao
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; School of Physical Education, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Qiaoqin Liang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- School of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huan C, Xu W, Liu Y, Ruan K, Shi Y, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ke Y, Zhou J. Gremlin2 Activates Fibroblasts to Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis Through the Bone Morphogenic Protein Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:683267. [PMID: 34422900 PMCID: PMC8377751 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.683267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing unremitting extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily involves bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and TGF-β, and the balance between the activation of TGF-β-dependent SMADs (Smad2/3) and BMP-dependent SMADs (Smad1/5/8) is essential for fibrosis process. GREM2, initially identified as a TGF-β-inducible gene, encodes a small secreted glycoprotein belonging to a group of matricellular proteins, its role in lung fibrosis is not clear. Here, we identified Gremlin2 as a key regulator of fibroblast activation. Gremlin2 was highly expressed in the serum and lung tissues in IPF patients. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model exhibited high expression of Gremlin2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. Isolation of primary cells from bleomycin-induced fibrosis lung showed a good correlation of Gremlin2 and Acta2 (α-SMA) expressions. Overexpression of Gremlin2 in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL-1) cells increased its invasion and migration. Furthermore, Gremlin2 regulates fibrosis functions through mediating TGF-β/BMP signaling, in which Gremlin2 may activate TGF-β signaling and inhibit BMP signaling. Therefore, we provided in vivo and in vitro evidence to demonstrate that Gremlin2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Huan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangting Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueli Shi
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ye Z, Hu Y. TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:132. [PMID: 34013369 PMCID: PMC8136122 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a worldwide disease characterized by the chronic and irreversible decline of lung function. Currently, there is no drug to successfully treat the disease except for lung transplantation. Numerous studies have been devoted to the study of the fibrotic process of IPF and findings showed that transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) plays a central role in the development of IPF. TGF‑β1 promotes the fibrotic process of IPF through various signaling pathways, including the Smad, MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways. There are intersections between these signaling pathways, which provide new targets for researchers to study new drugs. In addition, TGF‑β1 can affect the fibrosis process of IPF by affecting oxidative stress, epigenetics and other aspects. Most of the processes involved in TGF‑β1 promote IPF, but TGF‑β1 can also inhibit it. This review discusses the role of TGF‑β1 in IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu T, Wang JF, Wu JX, Zhao JP, Xu JW, Zhang JT, Dong L. FSTL1 aggravates OVA-induced inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in mice and macrophages. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:777-787. [PMID: 34076707 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control-Fstl1±, OVA-Fstl1±. Histological changes were assessed by HE and PAS staining. The protein levels of Muc-5AC, FSTL1, NLRP3, and IL-1β in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice and human serum samples were detected by ELISA. Then, mice were grouped into control, FSTL1, MCC950 + FSTL1 to further investigate the relationship between FSTL1 and NLRP3/IL-1β. Alveolar macrophage cells (MH-S cells) were separated into control, OVA, FSTL1, OVA + FSTL1, OVA + siNC, OVA + siFSTL1, MCC950, and FSTL1 + MCC950 groups to explore the effect of FSTL1 on the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. The protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in MH-S cells was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The present results uncovered that Fstl1± significantly ameliorated OVA-induced Muc-5AC production and mucus hypersecretion. Fstl1± was also found to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Meanwhile, the serum concentrations of FSTL1 and IL-1β were higher in asthma subjects than the health subjects, and Fstl1± ameliorated the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, mice by injected FSTL1 substantially stimulated the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, while pretreatment with MCC950 in mice significantly weakened the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by injection FSTL1. Pretreatment with siFSTL1 or MCC950 significantly reduced the production of NLRP3 and IL-1β induced by OVA or FSTL1 in MH-S cells. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoon T, Ahn SS, Pyo JY, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Association between follistatin-related protein 1 and the functional status of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1168-1174. [PMID: 34018995 PMCID: PMC8143737 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in the inflammatory processes. We investigated whether serum FSTL1 could predict the current anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV)-specific indices. METHODS We randomly selected 74 patients with AAV from a prospective and observational cohort of Korean patients with AAV. Clinical and laboratory data and AAV-specific indices were recorded. FSTL1 concentration was determined using the stored sera. The lowest tertile of the short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36) was defined as the current low SF-36. The cutoffs of serum FSTL1 for the current low SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) and SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) were extrapolated by the receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS The median age was 62.5 years (55.4% were women). Serum FSTL1 was significantly correlated with SF-36 PCS (r = - 0.374), SF-36 MCS (r = -0.377), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.307), but not with Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS). In the multivariable linear regression analyses, BVAS, CRP, and serum FSTL1 were independently associated with the current SF-36 PCS (β = -0.255, β = -0.430, and β = -0.266, respectively) and the current SF-36 MCS (β = -0.234, β =-0.229, and β = -0.296, respectively). Patients with serum FSTL1 ≥779.8 pg/mL and those with serum FSTL1 ≥841.6 pg/mL exhibited a significantly higher risk of having the current low SF-36 PCS and SF-36 MCS than those without (relative risk 7.583 and 6.200, respectively). CONCLUSION Serum FSTL1 could predict the current functional status in AAV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Pyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Niu R, Nie ZT, Liu L, Chang YW, Shen JQ, Chen Q, Dong LJ, Hu BJ. Follistatin-like protein 1 functions as a potential target of gene therapy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8643-8664. [PMID: 33714952 PMCID: PMC8034962 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The degree of retinal fibrosis increased in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients after administration of anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Previous studies showed that the balance between connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and VEGF plays an important role. Therefore, in a high-glucose state, an anti-VEGF and CTGFshRNA dual-target model was used to simulate clinical dual-target treatment in PDR patients, and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used for whole transcriptome sequencing. A hypoxia model was constructed to verify the sequencing results at the cellular level, and the vitreous humor and proliferative membranes were collected from patients for verification. All sequencing results included Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor pathway, indicated that anti-VEGF therapy may upregulate FSTL1 expression, while dual-target treatment downregulated FSTL1. Thus, we further studied the function of FSTL1 on the expression of VEGF and ECM factors by both overexpressing and silencing FSTL1. In conclusion, our results suggested that FSTL1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDR and is related to fibrosis caused by the anti-VEGF treatment, thus providing a potential target for gene therapy in PDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze-Tong Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chang
- Hetian District People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Qiong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Jie Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Jie Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng D, Gerarduzzi C. Emerging Roles of Matricellular Proteins in Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4776. [PMID: 32640520 PMCID: PMC7369781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic heterogenous disease that involves inflammation and vasculopathy, and converges in end-stage development of multisystem tissue fibrosis. The loss of tight spatial distribution and temporal expression of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to progressive organ stiffening, which is a hallmark of fibrotic disease. A group of nonstructural matrix proteins, known as matricellular proteins (MCPs) are implicated in dysregulated processes that drive fibrosis such as ECM remodeling and various cellular behaviors. Accordingly, MCPs have been described in the context of fibrosis in sclerosis (SSc) as predictive disease biomarkers and regulators of ECM synthesis, with promising therapeutic potential. In this present review, an informative summary of major MCPs is presented highlighting their clear correlations to SSc- fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feng
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Ma Q, Li P, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Proteomics reveals different pathological processes of adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle under insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6441-6461. [PMID: 32115712 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) is its core pathological mechanism. Proteomics is an ingenious and promising Omics technology that can comprehensively describe the global protein expression profiling of body or specific tissue, and is widely applied to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases. In this paper, we focused on insulin target organs: adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and analyzed the different pathological processes of IR in these three tissues based on proteomics research. By literature studies, we proposed that the main pathological processes of IR among target organs were diverse, which showed unique characteristics and focuses. We further summarized the differential proteins in target organs which were verified to be related to IR, and discussed the proteins that may play key roles in the emphasized pathological processes, aiming at discovering potentially specific differential proteins of IR, and providing new ideas for pathological mechanism research of IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu S, Liu H, Hu Z, Li L, Yang Y. Follistatin-like 1: A dual regulator that promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5893-5902. [PMID: 32017077 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a key factor in maintaining cardiac growth and development. It can be activated by exercise training and has a dual role in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. To elucidate the dual mechanism and target of FSTL1 regulating of cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial fibrosis, and the mechanism by which exercise-regulated FSTL1 improves cardiovascular disease, we explored the signal transduction pathway of FSTL1 promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis, and compared the effects of different modes of exercise on the dual role of FSTL1. We believe that the dual role of promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis may be related to the ratio of cardiomyocyte and myocardial interstitial cell proliferation, different stages of the disease, different degrees of fibrosis, immune repair process, and transforming growth factor-β activation. Compared with long-term excessive endurance exercise, moderate resistance exercise can activate cardiomyocyte proliferation pathway through FSTL1, which is one of the effective ways to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,School of Sports Art, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixi Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu W, Feng R, Li X, Li D, Zhai W. TGF-β- and lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of circular RNA PWWP2A promotes hepatic fibrosis via sponging miR-203 and miR-223. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9569-9580. [PMID: 31719209 PMCID: PMC6874441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thus increasing expressions of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha 1 (Col1α1) and promoting liver fibrosis. However, whether TGF-β and LPS have a common downstream reactor remains unclear. Recently, a strong relationship of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and fibrogenesis has been elucidated. In this study, we compared the expressions of several circRNAs in TGF-β- and LPS-activated HSCs, and found that circ-PWWP2A was upregulated in both TGF-β- and LPS-activated HSCs and in mouse fibrotic liver tissues. Meanwhile, circ-PWWP2A was positively correlated with HSC activation and proliferation. Two microRNAs, miR-203 and miR-223, were identified to be the downstream targets of circ-PWWP2A using luciferase reporter assay and pull-down interaction assay. Circ-PWWP2A was suggested to promote HSC activation and proliferation via sponging miR-203 and miR-223, and subsequently increasing Fstl1 and TLR4, respectively. Furthermore, downregulating circ-PWWP2A was indicated to alleviate hepatic fibrosis in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicated that circ-PWWP2A is the common downstream reactor of TGF-β and LPS in HSC activation, and that circ-PWWP2A plays a critical role in hepatic fibrogenesis via sponging miR-203 and miR-223.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruo Feng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dingyang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenlong Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng F, Li N, Cheng P, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang W. Tanshinone IIA attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109586. [PMID: 31706104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) is a key mediator in fibrogenesis, and is upregulated and activated in fibrotic diseases. The exact role of TGF-β1-Smad signaling in the progression of silicosis fibrosis is yet to be conclusively determined. Using a Wistar rat silicosis model, we examined whether tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) could meliorate silicosis fibrosis. The pulmonary fibroblasts of rats from the normal control group and silicosis-induced model group were extracted and examined so as to further explore the disruption of TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathway in silicosis pathogenesis and the intervention of Tan IIA in this pathway. Using RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence analysis, we determined that Tan IIA could ameliorate silicosis fibrosis, downregulate collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA expression both, in vivo and in vitro. In silicosis fibroblasts, TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, and negative feedback Smad7 inhibition in a dose dependent manner, and the phosphorylation of Smad3 persisted when the upstream signal was blocked. Tan IIA treatment effectively inhibited the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smads, especially the persistent phosphorylation of Smad3 in the nucleus, and upregulated the expression of Smad7 in silicosis fibroblasts, leading to a reduction in ECM deposition. Our findings indicate that dysregulation of the TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathological process of silicosis. Tan IIA thus ameliorates silicosis fibrosis partially by suppressing activation of TGF-β1-Smad signaling pathway, which may turn out to be a potential therapeutic approach to prevent silicosis fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, PR China
| | - Nannan Li
- Medical college of Shandong university, Jinan, 250033, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neural Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, PR China
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, PR China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang HB, Huang R, Yang K, Xu M, Fan D, Liu MX, Huang SH, Liu LB, Wu HM, Tang QZ. Identification of differentially expressed genes and preliminary validations in cardiac pathological remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1447-1461. [PMID: 31364721 PMCID: PMC6713409 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling predisposes to heart failure if the burden is unresolved, and heart failure is an important cause of mortality in humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes involved in cardiac pathological remodeling induced by pressure overload. Gene expression profiles of the GSE5500, GSE18224, GSE36074 and GSE56348 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), defined as |log2FC|>1 (FC, fold change) and an adjusted P‑value of <0.05, were screened using the R software with the limma package. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed and a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed. A cardiac remodeling model induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was established. Furthermore, consistent DEGs were further validated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the ventricular tissue samples after TAC or sham operation. A total of 24 common DEGs were identified (23 significantly upregulated and 1 downregulated), of which 9 genes had been previously confirmed to be directly involved in cardiac remodeling. Hence, the level of expression of the other 15 genes was detected in subsequent studies via RT‑PCR. Based on the results of the PPI network analysis and RT‑PCR, we further detected the protein levels of Itgbl1 and Asporin, which were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis and RT‑PCR. The expression of Itgbl1, Aspn, Fstl1, Mfap5, Col8a1, Ltbp2, Mfap4, Pamr1, Cnksr1, Aqp8, Meox1, Gdf15 and Srpx was found to be upregulated in a mouse model of cardiac remodeling, while that of Retnla was downregulated. Therefore, the present study identified the key genes implicated in cardiac remodeling, aiming to provide new insight into the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Si-Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu B, Bing Q, Li S, Han B, Lu J, Baiyun R, Zhang X, Lv Y, Wu H, Zhang Z. Role of A 2B adenosine receptor-dependent adenosine signaling in multi-walled carbon nanotube-triggered lung fibrosis in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:45. [PMID: 30922349 PMCID: PMC6440149 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced lung fibrosis leads to health concerns in human. However, the mechanisms underlying fibrosis pathogenesis remains unclear. The adenosine (ADO) is produced in response to injury and serves a detrimental role in lung fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to explore the ADO signaling in the progression of lung fibrosis induced by MWCNT. Results MWCNT exposure markedly increased A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) expression in the lungs and ADO level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, combined with elevation of blood neutrophils, collagen fiber deposition, and activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lungs. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure elicited an activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), leading to fibroblasts recruitment and differentiation into myofibroblasts in the lungs in an A2BAR-dependent manner. Conversely, treatment of the selective A2BAR antagonist CVT-6883 exhibited a significant reduction in levels of fibrosis mediators and efficiently decreased cytotoxicity and inflammatory in MWCNT treated mice. Conclusion Our results reveal that accumulation of extracellular ADO promotes the process of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via A2BAR/TGF-β1/Fstl1 signaling in MWCNT-induced lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qizheng Bing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruiqi Baiyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miao C, Xiong Y, Zhang G, Chang J. MicroRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, new research progress and their pathophysiological implication. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:178-190. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1455927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Guoxue Zhang
- School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, You B, Chen S, Zhang W, Tian B, Li H. Expression of TGF-beta receptor 1 and Smads in the tissues of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:1765-1774. [PMID: 29707331 PMCID: PMC5906360 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common disease which is often caused by the rupture of bullae in the lungs. The underlying pathogenesis of PSP remains unclear. Some molecules may be involved in the development of PSP potentially. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-beta receptor 1 (TβR1), Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the resected bullae of patients with PSP. METHODS From May 2015 to May 2016, 34 patients with PSP underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) bullectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the expression of TβR1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the resected pulmonary bullae tissues. The levels of these cytokines were calculated by immunoreactivity scoring system (IRS). Ten patients without pneumothorax associated disease were selected as the control group. RESULTS The analysis showed that the expression levels of TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 were significantly higher in bullae tissues of patients with PSP than that in normal lung tissues (P=0.012, 0.031, 0.000 respectively). There was no significant difference between the expression level of Smad3 in bullae tissue of PSP patients and that in normal lung tissues of the control group (P=0.140). However, the absolute quantity of Smad3 expression in PSP bullae tissues was (4.2529±1.7193), scored by the IRS, which is higher than that in the control lung tissues (3.2600±2.2132). Also, the expression of TβR1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 were not showed correlation with the clinical characteristics of PSP patients, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), recurrence and side of pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 highly expressed in bullae tissues of PSP patients. Our findings suggested that TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 may be related to the development of PSP bullae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bin You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shikonin suppresses pulmonary fibroblasts proliferation and activation by regulating Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1119-1128. [PMID: 28922731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast is believed to be the primary effector in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive lung disorder characterized by aberrant tissue remodeling and the formation of fibroblastic foci. Due to the complicated etiology and mechanism, there are few effective drugs for this fatal disease. Shikonin (SHI), which is the major ingredient isolated from the plant Lithospermum Erythrorhizon, has long been used as traditional medicine for many diseases including inflammation and cancer. The roles of SHI in attenuating skin scar and renal fibrosis by reducing TGFβ1-stimulated fibroblast activation are also reported. But whether SHI works on IPF which exhibits both inflammatory and carcinoma-like features remains unknown. In this study, using isolated pulmonary fibroblasts, we demonstrated that SHI inhibited the proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, enhanced cell apoptosis and led to cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phase. Moreover, SHI reduced the production of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I and III in response to TGF-β induction in pulmonary fibroblasts, and all of these gene production is the key component of extracellular matrix for tissue remodeling for IPF. The phosphorylation of Akt was down-regulated, p53 increased, the mRNA levels of p21 and p27 enhanced after SHI treatments. The phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and Akt stimulated by TGF-β was reduced after SHI treatments. Collectively, these data indicate that SHI has a strong cytotoxicity in pulmonary fibroblast via inhibiting Akt activation signaling pathway, and attenuates TGF-β induced extracellular matrix genes production in pulmonary fibroblasts via modulating the activities of p38 MAPK and Akt. SHI might serve as a therapeutically candidate for IPF patients.
Collapse
|