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Idrissi SE, Fath N, Ibork H, Taghzouti K, Alamy M, Abboussi O. Restraint Stress Exacerbates Apoptosis in a 6-OHDA Animal Model of Parkinson Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:166-176. [PMID: 36633788 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the apoptotic pathway has been associated with promoting neuronal cell death in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which it may occur remain unclear. It has been suggested that stress-induced oxidation and potential apoptosis may play a major role in the progression of PD. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of subchronic restraint stress on striatal dopaminergic activity, iron, p53, caspase-3, and plasmatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in male Wistar rat model of PD induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The obtained results showed that restraint stress exacerbates motor coordination deficits and anxiety in animals treated with 6-OHDA in comparison to animals receiving saline, and it had no effect on object recognition memory. On another hand, 6-OHDA decreased dopamine (DA) levels, increased iron accumulation, and induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, p53, and AChE. More interestingly, post-lesion restraint stress exacerbated the expression of caspase-3 and AChE without affecting p53 expression. These findings suggest that subchronic stress may accentuate apoptosis and may contribute to DA neuronal loss in the striatal regions and possibly exacerbate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nada Fath
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Alamy
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1929-38. [PMID: 25199685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral essential for many biological processes. The vast majority of all Cu in healthy humans is associated with enzyme prosthetic groups or bound to proteins. Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated through a complex system of Cu transporters and chaperone proteins. Excess or toxicity of Cu, which is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic disorder, neurodegenerative changes and other disease conditions, can occur when Cu homeostasis is disrupted. The capacity to initiate oxidative damage is most commonly attributed to Cu-induced cellular toxicity. Recently, altered cellular events, including lipid metabolism, gene expression, alpha-synuclein aggregation, activation of acidic sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, and temporal and spatial distribution of Cu in hepatocytes, as well as Cu-protein interaction in the nerve system, have been suggested to play a role in Cu toxicity. However, whether these changes are independent of, or secondary to, an altered cellular redox state of Cu remain to be elucidated.
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Mohamed Moosa Z, Daniels WMU, Mabandla MV. The effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure on trace element and antioxidant levels in rats following 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal insult. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:459-69. [PMID: 24338101 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a metal toxin found commonly in the environment. Studies have shown severe neurotoxic effects of MeHg poisoning especially during pregnancy where it crosses the foetoplacental and the blood brain barrier of the foetus leading to neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring. These deficits may predispose offspring to neurodegenerative diseases later in life. In this study we investigated the effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure (2.5 mg/L in drinking water from GND 1-GND 21) on the trace element status in the brain of adolescent offspring (PND 28). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in their blood plasma. In a separate group of animals that was also exposed prenatally to MeHg, 6-hydroydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered at PND 60 as a model of neuronal insult. Trace element and TAC levels were compared before and after 6-OHDA exposure. Prenatal MeHg treatment alone resulted in significantly higher concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in the brain of offspring at PND 28 (p < 0.05), when compared to controls. In contrast, brain iron levels in MeHg-exposed adolescent offspring were significantly lower than their controls (p < 0.05). Following 6-OHDA exposure, the levels of iron, zinc, copper and manganese were increased compared to sham-lesioned offspring (p < 0.05). Prenatal MeHg exposure further increased these trace element levels thereby promoting toxicity (p < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was not significantly different in MeHg and control groups prior to lesion. However, following 6-OHDA administration, MeHg-exposed animals had a significantly lower TAC than that of controls (p < 0.05). Brain TAC levels were higher in adult male rats than in female rats during adolescence however male rats that had been exposed to MeHg in utero failed to show this increase at PND 74. Prenatal MeHg exposure results in trace element dyshomeostasis in the brain of offspring and reduces total antioxidant capacity. This may reflect a mechanism by which methylmercury exerts its neurotoxicity and/or predispose offspring to further neurological insults during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiah Mohamed Moosa
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa,
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Participation of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase in the blood of smoking smelters. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 27:326-34. [PMID: 24692073 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metallothionein (MT) and two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on zinc and copper ions, are involved in defense against the same superoxide anion radicals and are present in extra- and intracellular compartments. The aim of our study was to investigate MT concentration and Cu/Zn SOD activity in the plasma and erythrocyte lysate of the non-smoking and smoking smelters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigations were performed in the blood of 300 male smelters and 100 non-exposed male subjects. We have measured zinc, copper, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MT concentrations as well as SOD activity. RESULTS We have observed an increase of Cu/Zn coefficient and decrease of Zn/Cu coefficient in the serum of smelters in comparison with the non-smoking control group. Concentration of MDA in the plasma of smelters was higher in comparison with its concentration in the non-smoking control group. The plasma and the erythrocyte lysate MT concentration increased significantly in the whole group of smelters as compared to the non-smoking control group. The mean value of MT concentration in plasma of the smoking smelters was above 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. The activity of Cu/Zn SOD in plasma of the smoking and non-smoking smelters was decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, respectively. The lowest activity of Cu/Zn SOD, about 2-3-fold decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, was detected in plasma of the smelters. An inverse relationship was observed in the erythrocyte lysate. The highest activity of Cu/Zn SOD was reported in the erythrocyte lysate of the smoking smelters and it was about 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. CONCLUSIONS In extracellular environment MT plays a crucial role in comparison with the SOD, while in the intracellular compartment Cu/Zn SOD and MT cooperate with each other.
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Abstract
After iron, zinc is the most abundant essential trace metal. Intracellular zinc ([Zn]i) is maintained across a wide range of cells and species in a tight quota (100 to 500 μM) by a dynamic process of transport, intracellular vesicular storage, and binding to a large number of proteins (estimated at 3-10% of human proteome). As such, zinc is an integral component of numerous metalloenzymes, structural proteins, and transcription factors. It is generally assumed that a vanishingly small component of [Zn]i, referred to as free or labile zinc, and operationally defined as the pool sensitive to chelation (by agents such as N, N, N’, N’-tetrakis [2-pyridylmethyl] ethylenediamine [TPEN]) and capable of detection by a variety of chemical and genetic sensors, participates in signal transduction pathways. Zinc deficiencies, per se, can arise from acquired (malnutrition, alcoholism) or genetic (mutations in molecules affecting zinc homeostasis, the informative and first example being acrodermatitis enteropathica) factors or as a component of various diseases (e.g., sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, sepsis). Hypozincemia has profound effects on developing humans, and all facets of physiological function (neuronal, endocrine, immunological) are affected, although considerably less is known regarding cardiovascular pathophysiology. In this review, we provide an update on current knowledge of molecular and cellular aspects of zinc homeostasis and then focus on implications of zinc signaling in pulmonary endothelium as it relates to programmed cell death, altered contractility, and septic and aseptic injury to this segment of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidasan Thambiayya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lee SM, McLaughlin JN, Frederick DR, Zhu L, Thambiayya K, Wasserloos KJ, Kaminski I, Pearce LL, Peterson J, Li J, Latoche JD, Peck Palmer OM, Stolz DB, Fattman CL, Alcorn JF, Oury TD, Angus DC, Pitt BR, Kaynar AM. Metallothionein-induced zinc partitioning exacerbates hyperoxic acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 304:L350-60. [PMID: 23275622 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00243.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypozincemia, with hepatic zinc accumulation at the expense of other organs, occurs in infection, inflammation, and aseptic lung injury. Mechanisms underlying zinc partitioning or its impact on extrahepatic organs are unclear. Here we show that the major zinc-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), is critical for zinc transmigration from lung to liver during hyperoxia and preservation of intrapulmonary zinc during hyperoxia is associated with an injury-resistant phenotype in MT-null mice. Particularly, lung-to-liver zinc ratios decreased in wild-type (WT) and increased significantly in MT-null mice breathing 95% oxygen for 72 h. Compared with female adult WT mice, MT-null mice were significantly protected against hyperoxic lung injury indicated by reduced inflammation and interstitial edema, fewer necrotic changes to distal airway epithelium, and sustained lung function at 72 h hyperoxia. Lungs of MT-null mice showed decreased levels of immunoreactive LC3, an autophagy marker, compared with WT mice. Analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the lungs revealed similar levels of manganese-SOD activity between strains under normoxia and hyperoxia. Lung extracellular SOD activity decreased significantly in both strains at 72 h of hyperoxia, although there was no difference between strains. Copper-zinc-SOD activity was ~4× higher under normoxic conditions in MT-null compared with WT mice but was not affected in either group by hyperoxia. Collectively the data suggest that genetic deletion of MT-I/II in mice is associated with compensatory increase in copper-zinc-SOD activity, prevention of hyperoxia-induced zinc transmigration from lung to liver, and hyperoxia-resistant phenotype strongly associated with differences in zinc homeostasis during hyperoxic acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Nagato AC, Bezerra FS, Lanzetti M, Lopes AA, Silva MAS, Porto LC, Valença SS. Time course of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by hyperoxia in mouse lungs. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:269-78. [PMID: 22804763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study our aim was to investigate the time courses of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue damage after hyperoxia in the mouse lung. Groups of BALB/c mice were exposed to 100% oxygen in a chamber for 12, 24 or 48 h. The controls were subjected to normoxia. The results showed that IL-6 increased progressively after 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 h (P < 0.001) of hyperoxia with a reduction at 48 h (P < 0.01), whereas TNF-α increased after 24 (P < 0.001) and 48 h (P < 0.001). The number of macrophages increased after 24 h (P < 0.001), whereas the number of neutrophils increased after 24 h (P < 0.01) and 48 h (P < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity decreased in all groups exposed to hyperoxia (P < 0.01). Catalase activity increased only at 48 h (P < 0.001). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased after 12 h (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05). Histological evidence of lung injury was observed at 24 and 48 h. This study shows that hyperoxia initially causes an inflammatory response at 12 h, resulting in inflammation associated with the oxidative response at 24 h and culminating in histological damage at 48 h. Knowledge of the time course of inflammation and oxidative stress prior to histological evidence of acute lung injury can improve the safety of oxygen therapy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori C Nagato
- Laboratório de Reparo Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yamato K, Kataoka T, Nishiyama Y, Taguchi T, Yamaoka K. Preventive and curative effects of radon inhalation on chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:480-92. [PMID: 22949231 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radon therapy is clinically useful for the treatment of pain-related diseases. However, there have been no studies regarding the effects of radon inhalation on neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether radon inhalation actually induced a remission of neuropathic pain and improved the quality of life. METHODS First, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. We evaluated pain behaviour in mice before and after CCI surgery, using von Frey test. Pretreated mice received CCI surgery immediately after 24-h inhalation of radon at background (BG) concentration (c. 19 Bq/m(3) ), or at a concentration of 1000 or 2000 Bq/m(3) , and post-treated mice inhaled similar levels of radon 2 days after CCI surgery. RESULTS CCI surgery induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia on a plantar surface of mice, as assessed using von Frey test, and 2000 Bq/m(3) radon inhalation alleviated hyperalgesic conditions 22-37% compared to BG level concentration. Concurrently, CCI surgery increased norepinephrine (NE), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in plasma, and leukocyte migration in paws. Furthermore, CCI-induced neuropathy reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with radon inhalation, specifically at a concentration of 2000 Bq/m(3) , produced antinociceptive effects, i.e., lowered plasma TNF-α, NE and NO levels and restored SOD activity, as well as pain-related behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that inhalation of 2000 Bq/m(3) radon prevented and alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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Wang SK, Weaver JD, Zhang S, Lei XG. Knockout of SOD1 promotes conversion of selenocysteine to dehydroalanine in murine hepatic GPX1 protein. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:197-204. [PMID: 21420488 PMCID: PMC3109192 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are two major intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms for the 40% loss of hepatic GPX1 activity in SOD1(-/-) mice. Compared with the wild type (WT), the SOD1(-/-) mice showed no change in the total amount of GPX1 protein. However, their total enzyme protein exhibited 31 and 38% decreases (P<0.05) in the apparent k(cat) for hydrogen peroxide and tert-butylperoxide (at 2mM GSH), respectively. Most striking, mass spectrometry revealed two chemical forms of the 47th residue of GPX1: the projected native selenocysteine (Sec) and the Se-lacking dehydroalanine (DHA). The hepatic GPX1 protein of the SOD1(-/-) mice contained 38% less Sec and 77% more DHA than that of WT and showed aggravated dissociation of the tetramer structure. In conclusion, knockout of SOD1 elevated the conversion of Sec to DHA in the active site of hepatic GPX1, leading to proportional decreases in the apparent k(cat) and activity of the enzyme protein as a whole. Our data reveal a structural and kinetic mechanism for the in vivo functional dependence of GPX1 on SOD1 in mammals and provide a novel mass spectrometric method for the assay of oxidative modification of the GPX1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kui Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Weaver
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Contact information of the corresponding author: Dr. X. G. Lei, Professor, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Tel: (607)-254-4703, Fax: (607)-255-9829,
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Saini N, Georgiev O, Schaffner W. The parkin mutant phenotype in the fly is largely rescued by metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1). Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:2151-61. [PMID: 21383066 PMCID: PMC3133352 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05207-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene for Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is mutated in some familial forms of Parkinson's disease, a severe neurodegenerative disorder. A homozygous mutant of the Drosophila ortholog of human parkin is viable but results in severe motoric impairment including an inability to fly, female and male sterility, and a decreased life span. We show here that a double mutant of the genes for Parkin and the metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) is not viable. MTF-1, which is conserved from insects to mammals, is a key regulator of heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification and plays additional roles in other stress conditions, notably oxidative stress. In contrast to the synthetic lethality of the double mutant, elevated expression of MTF-1 dramatically ameliorates the parkin mutant phenotype, as evidenced by a prolonged life span, motoric improvement including short flight episodes, and female fertility. At the cellular level, muscle and mitochondrial structures are substantially improved. A beneficial effect is also seen with a transgene encoding human MTF-1. We propose that Parkin and MTF-1 provide complementary functions in metal homeostasis, oxidative stress and other cellular stress responses. Our findings also raise the possibility that MTF-1 gene polymorphisms in humans could affect the severity of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Saini
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8051, Switzerland
| | - Oleg Georgiev
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8051, Switzerland
| | - Walter Schaffner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8051, Switzerland
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Kostrominova TY. Advanced age-related denervation and fiber-type grouping in skeletal muscle of SOD1 knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1582-93. [PMID: 20800676 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study skeletal muscles from 1.5- and 10-month-old Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) homozygous knockout (JLSod1(-/-)) mice obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (C57Bl6/129SvEv background) were compared with muscles from age- and sex-matched heterozygous (JLSod1(+/-)) littermates. The results of this study were compared with previously published data on two different strains of Sod1(-/-) mice: one from Dr. Epstein's laboratory (ELSod1(-/-); C57Bl6 background) and the other from Cephalon, Inc. (CSod1(-/-); 129/CD-1 background). Grouping of succinate dehydrogenase-positive fibers characterized muscles of Sod1(-/-) mice from all three strains. The 10-month-old Sod1(-/-)C and JL mice displayed pronounced denervation of the gastrocnemius muscle, whereas the ELSod1(-/-) mice displayed a small degree of denervation at this age, but developed accelerated age-related denervation later on. Denervation markers were up-regulated in skeletal muscle of 10-month-old JLSod1(-/-) mice. This study is the first to show that metallothionein mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in the skeletal muscle of 10-month-old JLSod1(-/-) mice and was mostly localized to the small atrophic muscle fibers. In conclusion, all three strains of Sod1(-/-) mice develop accelerated age-related muscle denervation, but the genetic background has significant influence on the progress of denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine–Northwest, Gary, IN 46409-1008, USA.
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Bahadorani S, Mukai S, Egli D, Hilliker AJ. Overexpression of metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) in Drosophila melanogaster ameliorates life-span reductions associated with oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:1215-26. [PMID: 18775584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are essential components of many biological processes but are toxic at high concentrations. Our results illustrate that when metal homeostasis is compromised by a mutation in the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1), the life-span is shortened. In contrast, MTF-1 overexpression results in resistant flies with prolonged longevity on iron or cadmium-supplemented media but shortened life-span on zinc-supplemented medium. This effect was mediated by the overexpression of MTF-1 in specific tissues, such as the gut, hemocytes and in particular in neurons, indicating that these tissues are particularly sensitive to the perturbance of metal homeostasis. Further, MTF-1 overexpression in a neuron-specific manner protects flies against hyperoxia and prolongs the life-span of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-deficient flies, suggesting the presence of a common mechanism for protection against both oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Finally, normal life-span is extended up to 40% upon MTF-1 overexpression in either the peripheral nervous system or motorneurons. These results document the tissue-specific import of heavy metal toxicity and oxidative damage in aging and life-span determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Bahadorani
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Rashmi R, Yuti AM, Basavaraj KH. Relevance of copper and ceruloplasmin in psoriasis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1390-2. [PMID: 20580696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Change of zinc, copper, and metallothionein concentrations and the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in patients with pancreatitis. Pancreas 2009; 38:681-8. [PMID: 19629005 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181a53d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present studies were to measure the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and metallothionein and the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity as elements engaged in an essential manner in the prooxidative and antioxidative balance of organism and to demonstrate the degree to which metallothionein and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase are involved in the inflammatory processes occurring in the pancreas. METHODS The concentration of metallothionein was measured by immunoenzymatic method. Serum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was determined using a commercial test. The measurements of Zn and Cu concentrations in serum were assessed with the use of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS Lowered serum Zn concentration and higher Cu level were observed in the serum of patients with chronic exacerbated pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. The significant increase of metallothionein concentration and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the blood of patients with chronic exacerbated pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. In slices of the pancreas during pancreatitis, we observed in immunohistochemical reaction the variable involvement of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and metallothionein. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in these studies indicate an essential and variable involvement of antioxidants such Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and metallothionein and disordered Cu and Zn homeostasis depending on the progression of inflammatory processes in patients with pancreatitis.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers have been shown to relieve persistent pain; however, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Superoxide produced from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered the major source of ROS in neurons during excitation where mitochondrial superoxide levels are normally controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD-2). The present study hypothesizes that capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia is a consequence of superoxide build-up in spinal dorsal horn neurons and SOD-2 is a major determinant. To test this hypothesis, the spinal levels of SOD-2 activity, inactivated SOD-2 proteins, and mitochondrial superoxide were measured and correlated to the levels of capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia in mice with and without SOD-2 manipulations. The data suggest that superoxide accumulation is a culprit in the abnormal sensory processing in the spinal cord in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia. Our studies also support the notion that SOD-2 nitration is a critical mechanism that maintains elevated superoxide levels in the spinal cord after capsaicin treatment. Finally, our findings suggest a therapeutic potential for the manipulation of spinal SOD-2 activity in pain conditions.
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Han ES, Muller FL, Pérez VI, Qi W, Liang H, Xi L, Fu C, Doyle E, Hickey M, Cornell J, Epstein CJ, Roberts LJ, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. The in vivo gene expression signature of oxidative stress. Physiol Genomics 2008; 34:112-26. [PMID: 18445702 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00239.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How higher organisms respond to elevated oxidative stress in vivo is poorly understood. Therefore, we measured oxidative stress parameters and gene expression alterations (Affymetrix arrays) in the liver caused by elevated reactive oxygen species induced in vivo by diquat or by genetic ablation of the major antioxidant enzymes CuZn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1). Diquat (50 mg/kg) treatment resulted in a significant increase in oxidative damage within 3-6 h in wild-type mice without any lethality. In contrast, treatment of Sod1(-/-) or Gpx1(-/-) mice with a similar concentration of diquat resulted in a significant increase in oxidative damage within an hour of treatment and was lethal, i.e., these mice are extremely sensitive to the oxidative stress generated by diquat. The expression response to elevated oxidative stress in vivo does not involve an upregulation of classic antioxidant genes, although long-term oxidative stress in Sod1(-/-) mice leads to a significant upregulation of thiol antioxidants (e.g., Mt1, Srxn1, Gclc, Txnrd1), which appears to be mediated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. The main finding of our study is that the common response to elevated oxidative stress with diquat treatment in wild-type, Gpx1(-/-), and Sod1(-/-) mice and in untreated Sod1(-/-) mice is an upregulation of p53 target genes (p21, Gdf15, Plk3, Atf3, Trp53inp1, Ddit4, Gadd45a, Btg2, Ndrg1). A retrospective comparison with previous studies shows that induction of these p53 target genes is a conserved expression response to oxidative stress, in vivo and in vitro, in different species and different cells/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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Chen Z, Chintagari NR, Guo Y, Bhaskaran M, Chen J, Gao L, Jin N, Weng T, Liu L. Gene expression of rat alveolar type II cells during hyperoxia exposure and early recovery. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:628-42. [PMID: 17640573 PMCID: PMC2075096 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and repair during hyperoxia exposure and recovery have been investigated for decades, but the molecular mechanisms of these processes are not clear. To identify potentially important genes involved in lung injury and repair, we studied the gene expression profiles of isolated AEC II from control, 48-h hyperoxia-exposed (>95% O(2)), and 1-7 day recovering rats using a DNA microarray containing 10,000 genes. Fifty genes showed significant differential expression between two or more time points (P<0.05, fold change >2). These genes can be classified into 8 unique gene expression patterns. Real-time PCR verified 14 selected genes in three patterns related to hyperoxia exposure and early recovery. The change in the protein level for two of the selected genes, bmp-4 and retnla, paralleled that of the mRNA level. Many of these genes were found to be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. In an in vitro AEC trans-differentiation culture model using AEC II isolated from control and 48-h hyperoxia-exposed rats, the expressions of the cell proliferation and differentiation genes identified above were consistent with their predicted roles in the trans-differentiation of AEC. These data indicate that a coordinated mechanism may control AEC differentiation during in vivo hyperoxia exposure and recovery as well as during in vitro AEC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Liu
- *Correspondence should be addressed to: Lin Liu, Ph.D., Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, Tel: (405) 744-4526, Fax: (405) 744-8263, E-mail:
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19
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, McClung JP, Aregullin M, Roneker CA. Mice deficient in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase are resistant to acetaminophen toxicity. Biochem J 2006; 399:455-61. [PMID: 16831125 PMCID: PMC1615904 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although antioxidants are used to treat an overdose of the analgaesic/antipyretic drug APAP (acetaminophen), roles of antioxidant enzymes in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remain controversial. Our objective was to determine impacts of knockout of SOD1 (superoxide dismutase; Cu,Zn-SOD) alone or in combination with selenium-dependent GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase-1) on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. All SOD1-null (SOD1-/-) and SOD1- and GPX1-double-knockout mice survived an intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg of APAP per kg of body mass, whereas 75% of WT (wild-type) and GPX1-null mice died within 20 h. Survival time of SOD1-/- mice injected with 1200 mg of APAP per kg of body mass was longer than that of the WT mice (934 compared with 315 min, P<0.05). The APAP-treated SOD1-/- mice had less (P<0.05) plasma ALT (alanine aminotransferase) activity increase and attenuated (P<0.05) hepatic glutathione depletion than the WT mice. The protection conferred by SOD1 deletion was associated with a block of the APAP-mediated hepatic protein nitration and a 50% reduction (P<0.05) in activity of a key APAP metabolism enzyme CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1) in liver. The SOD1 deletion also caused moderate shifts in the APAP metabolism profiles. In conclusion, deletion of SOD1 alone or in combination with GPX1 greatly enhanced mouse resistance to APAP overdose. Our results suggest a possible pro-oxidant role for the physiological level of SOD1 activity in APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity.
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Key Words
- acetaminophen (apap)
- antioxidant enzyme
- cytochrome p450 2e1
- glutathione peroxidase
- protein nitration
- superoxide dismutase (sod)
- alt, alanine aminotransferase
- apap, acetaminophen
- cyp2e1, cytochrome p450 2e1
- dko, double knockout
- gpx1, glutathione peroxidase-1
- gst, glutathione s-transferase
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- napqi, n-acetyl p-benzoquinoneimine
- rns, reactive nitrogen species
- sod, superoxide dismutase
- sod1, cu,zn-sod
- sod2, mn-sod
- ugt1a6, udpglucuronyl transferase 1a6
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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20
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Sacheck JM, Cannon JG, Hamada K, Vannier E, Blumberg JB, Roubenoff R. Age-related loss of associations between acute exercise-induced IL-6 and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E340-9. [PMID: 16507605 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 mediates many aspects of the exercise-induced acute-phase response, including upregulation of antioxidant defenses. Moreover, IL-6 synthesis is regulated in part by oxidative stress. This investigation tested the hypothesis that an IL-6-mediated acute-phase response after exercise provides negative-feedback protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Healthy young (n = 16, 26.4 +/- 1.8 yr) and older men (n = 16, 71.1 +/- 2.0 yr) ran downhill for 45 min at 75% maximal oxygen consumption before and after a 12-wk period of supplementation with vitamin E (1,000 IU/day) or placebo. Circulating IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors, peripheral mononuclear cell production of IL-6, and IL-6 transcripts in muscle were measured before and within a 72-h time window after each acute exercise bout. At all time points plasma IL-6, IL-6 bioavailability, and C-reactive protein were higher in the older men; yet in response to exercise, young and older subjects experienced similar increases in these factors. Although the magnitude of postexercise changes in acute-phase variables was independent of age, correlations among plasma, mononuclear cell, and muscle IL-6 and oxidative stress were evident only in young men (R2 = 0.64, 0.35, and 0.33, respectively). These changes in circulating IL-6 were closely associated with a prooxidant state (R2 = 0.47), whereas muscle IL-6 mRNA correlated with an antioxidant state (R2 = 0.65). Supplementation with vitamin E did not affect exercise-induced responses or differences between the young and old men in a consistent manner. Therefore, oxidative stress is linked to the acute-phase response after exercise in young men, but not in older men who had elevated acute-phase reactants, suggesting that further research is warranted to determine the basis for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sacheck
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Abramson JL, Jones DP, Ashfaq S, Rhodes SD, Harrison DG, Vaccarino V. The FORT test: Reply to Dr Harma and colleagues. Atherosclerosis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Henschke P, Vorum H, Honoré B, Rice GE. Protein profiling the effects of in vitro hyperoxic exposure on fetal rabbit lung. Proteomics 2006; 6:1957-62. [PMID: 16447161 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute in vitro exposure of prematurely delivered fetal rabbit lungs to hyperoxic conditions will induce the expression of an adaptive cassette of proteins that mediates antioxidant and inflammatory processes. To test this hypothesis, ex situ fetal rabbit lung explants were prepared from New Zealand white rabbits delivered by cesarean section on day 29 of gestation and incubated under air (21% O2; 5% CO2) or hyperoxic (95% O2; 5% CO2) atmospheres. Total tissue protein was extracted following incubation and subjected to 2-DE. Using this technique, 1500-2000 protein spots were resolved per gel. Treatment-dependent, differentially expressed proteins were identified by image analysis (Melanie II) and MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-MS/MS. The analysis identified 12 protein spots that were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold or more (p<0.05) by exposure to hyperoxic conditions. Six of these differentially expressed proteins were identified as vimentin, annexin I, inorganic pyrophosphatase, prohibitin, an N-terminal fragment of ATP synthase and heat shock protein 27. The data obtained are consistent with the roles of these proteins in mediating cellular response to oxidative stress and in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Henschke
- Department of Neonatology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Lim Y, Levy MA, Bray TM. Dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine enhances early inflammatory responses during cutaneous wound healing in protein malnourished mice. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 17:328-36. [PMID: 16214328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged wound healing is a complication that contributes to the morbidity and mortality of protein malnutrition (PM). The molecular mechanisms that underlie impaired wound healing in PM may begin in the early inflammatory stage of the process. We hypothesized that the impaired wound healing observed in PM occurs as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that impairs the wound healing process by depressing nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation and the subsequent synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines that are critical mediators of the inflammatory response. In this study, we showed that the time to wound closure was significantly prolonged in PM mice. During the early wound healing in PM, inhibitory kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression and neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased in PM mice. The role of excess ROS in PM was demonstrated by using transgenic mice with overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase and with dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Both interventions improved the extent of wound closure in PM mice. Moreover, NAC supplementation in PM mice restored the expression of IkappaBalpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha and infiltration of neutrophils to levels observed in control animals. These findings support the notion that wound healing defects in PM may result from dysregulation of ROS-mediated and NFkappaB-regulated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Chiu H, Gardner CR, Dambach DM, Brittingham JA, Durham SK, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Role of p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in acetaminophen-induced antioxidant defense. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003; 285:G959-66. [PMID: 12842828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00219.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine implicated in hepatotoxicity. In the present studies, p55 TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) -/- mice were used to assess the role of TNF-alpha in acetaminophen-induced antioxidant defense. Treatment of wild-type (WT) mice with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) resulted in centrilobular hepatic necrosis and increased serum alanine transaminases. This was correlated with a rapid depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH). Whereas in WT mice GSH levels returned to control after 6-12 h, in TNFR1-/- mice recovery was delayed for 48 h. Delayed induction of heme oxygenase-1 and reduced expression of CuZn superoxide dismutase were also observed in TNFR1-/- compared with WT mice. This was associated with exaggerated hepatotoxicity. In WT mice, acetaminophen caused a time-dependent increase in activator protein-1 nuclear binding activity and in c-Jun expression. This response was significantly attenuated in TNFR1-/- mice. Constitutive NF-kappaB binding activity was detectable in livers of both WT and TNFR1-/- mice. A transient decrease in this activity was observed 3 h after acetaminophen in WT mice, followed by an increase that was maximal after 6-12 h. In contrast, in TNFR1-/- mice, acetaminophen-induced decreases in NF-kappaB activity were prolonged and did not return to control levels for 24 h. These data indicate that TNF-alpha signaling through TNFR1 plays an important role in regulating the expression of antioxidants in this model. Reduced generation of antioxidants may contribute to the increased sensitivity of TNFR1-/- mice to acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawjyh Chiu
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers Univ., 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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Perkowski S, Sun J, Singhal S, Santiago J, Leikauf GD, Albelda SM. Gene expression profiling of the early pulmonary response to hyperoxia in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:682-96. [PMID: 12760966 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify molecular events occurring during the early response to hyperoxia, we measured changes over time in total lung gene expression in C57BL/6 mice during prolonged exposure to > 95% O2. Specifically, differential gene expression of > 8,734 sequence-verified murine complementary DNAs was analyzed after 0, 8, 24, and 48 h of O2 exposure, with additional genes of interest analyzed at 24 h. Of the 385 genes differentially expressed, hyperoxia increased expression of 175 genes (2.0%) and decreased expression of 210 genes (2.3%). The majority of "classic" antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, MnSOD, and Cu-Zn SOD, showed no change in expression during hyperoxia, with a number of other antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) Pi1, GST mu2, and heme oxygenase-1 showing relatively moderate increases. The exception was the heavy metal-binding protein metallothionein, which increased expression over 7-fold after 48 h of O2. We found no change in the expression of a number of known proinflammatory genes after 24 or 48 h of hyperoxia. A large increase in p21 expression was demonstrated, suggesting overall inhibition of cell cycle progression. Increases of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-XL were counterbalanced by similar increases of the proapoptotic gene BAX. New findings included significant increases in expression of cysteine-rich protein 61(cyr61) at 48 h, suggesting a potential role for this factor in angiogenesis or remodeling of the extra cellular matrix during recovery from hyperoxia. In addition, downregulation of thrombomodulin expression occurred by 24 h and was further decreased at 48 h. Given the importance of thrombomodulin/thrombin interaction in regulating protein C activity, decreases in thrombomodulin may contribute to activation of the coagulation and inflammatory cascades and development of lung injury with hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Perkowski
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3850 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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